1
|
Mandalari G, Bisignano C, Genovese T, Mazzon E, Wickham MSJ, Paterniti I, Cuzzocrea S. Erratum to "Natural almond skin reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease" [Int. Immunopharmacol. 11(8) (2011) 915-924]. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111187. [PMID: 38105128 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, University of Messina, Vill. SS: Annunziata 98168, Messina, Italy; Model Gut Platform, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UA Norwich, UK
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, University of Messina, Vill. SS: Annunziata 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Martin S J Wickham
- Model Gut Platform, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UA Norwich, UK; Leatherhead Food Research, Randalls Road, Leatherhead KT22 7RY, UK
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mandalari G, Bisignano C, Smeriglio A, Denaro M, Musarra-Pizzo M, Pennisi R, Mancuso F, Ferro S, Trombetta D, Monforte AM, Sciortino MT, De Luca L. Simulated human digestion of N1-aryl-2-arylthioacetamidobenzimidazoles and their activity against Herpes-simplex virus 1 in vitro. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216384. [PMID: 31048874 PMCID: PMC6497310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug performance in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) plays a crucial role in determining release and absorption. In the present work, we assessed the in vitro digestion of two synthetic N1-aryl-2-arylthioacetamidobenzimidazoles (NAABs), NAAB-496 and NAAB-503, using bio-relevant models of the human stomach and small intestine. The activity of NAAB-496 and NAAB-503 against herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) replication was also investigated. NAAB-496 was resistant to pepsin in the gastric environment, with a virtual 100% recovery, which decreased to 43.2% in the small intestine. NAAB-503 was sensitive to pepsin, with 65.7% degradation after 120 min gastric phase. 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) post in vitro digestion highlighted an alteration of NAAB-496 after the gastric phase, whereas NAAB-503 appeared comparable to the original spectral data. Both NAAB-496 and NAAB-503 revealed some antiviral activity anti-HSV-1. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) of the compounds was 0.058 mg/mL for NAAB-496 and 0.066 for NAAB-503. Future studies will evaluate the behavior of NAAB-496 within pharmaceutical formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Musarra-Pizzo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancuso
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Ferro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Monforte
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bisignano C, Ginestra G, Smeriglio A, La Camera E, Crisafi G, Franchina FA, Tranchida PQ, Alibrandi A, Trombetta D, Mondello L, Mandalari G. Study of the Lipid Profile of ATCC and Clinical Strains of Staphylococcus aureus in Relation to Their Antibiotic Resistance. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071276. [PMID: 30986911 PMCID: PMC6480324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of reports have indicated a relationship between bacterial resistance to antibiotics and their lipid composition. In the present study, we characterized the lipid profiles of American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus and its correlation with antibiotic resistance and hydrophobicity. The following strains were used: S. aureus ATCC 6538P, S. aureus ATCC 43300 (MRSA), seven clinical strains from the pharynges, two strains from duodenal ulcers, four strains from hip prostheses, and one strain from the conjunctiva. Lipid-related differentiation was observed across the S. aureus strains: the higher abundance of anteiso-pentadecanoic acid (anteiso-C15:0) and anteiso-heptadecanoic acid (anteiso-C17:0), followed by iso-pentadecanoic acid (iso-C15:0), suggested that these were common lipids. Iso-tridecanoic acid (iso-C13:0) and anteiso-tridecanoic acid (anteiso-C13:0), iso-hexadecanoic acid (iso-C16:0) and anteiso-hexadecanoic acid (anteiso-C16:0), and all forms of octadecanoic acid (C18:0) were usually detected in low abundance. Strains isolated from pharynges showed the highest ratio of branched/straight chains. A distinction in two clusters based on the amount and type of bacterial lipids identified was obtained, which correlated to the antibiotic resistance, the strains origin, and the cell-surface hydrophobicity. We report a potential correlation between the lipid profile of S. aureus strains, site of infection, antibiotic resistance, and cell-surface hydrophobicity. These results, which still need further insights, could be a first step to identifying antibiotic resistance in response to environmental adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bisignano
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Ginestra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Erminia La Camera
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Crisafi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Flavio A Franchina
- Chromaleont c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy.
- School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
- University of Liège, Molecular System Organic & Biological Analytical Chemistry, 11 Allée du Six Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Peter Q Tranchida
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy.
- Chromaleont c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
D’Arrigo M, Bisignano C, Irrera P, Smeriglio A, Zagami R, Trombetta D, Romeo O, Mandalari G. In vitro evaluation of the activity of an essential oil from Pistacia vera L. variety Bronte hull against Candida sp. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:6. [PMID: 30612544 PMCID: PMC6322278 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Candida sp. represent the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. In the present work, we have evaluated the activity of an essential oil extracted from pistachio hulls against a number of standard and clinical strains of Candida sp. Methods C. albicans ATCC 64550, C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, 4 clinical strains of C. albicans, 3 clinical strains of C. parapsilosis and 3 clinical strains of C. glabrata were used. All clinical isolates were identified by species-specific PCR-based methods. Susceptibility studies were performed using pistachio hull essential oil alone or in combination with antifungal compounds. The interactions between pistachio hull essential oil and selected antifungal compounds were also evaluated using the checkerboard method and the mechanisms of interaction investigated by droplet size distribution. Results Pistachio hull essential oil was fungicidal at the concentrations between 2.50 and 5.0 mg/ml. D-limonene and 3-Carene were the components with major activity. An antagonistic effect was observed with all combinations tested. Conclusion The antifungal activity of pistachio hull essential oil could be used to help control resistance in Candida species. More studies need to be performed to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the activity of pistachio hull essential oil.
Collapse
|
5
|
La Camera E, Bisignano C, Crisafi G, Smeriglio A, Denaro M, Trombetta D, Mandalari G. Biochemical Characterization of Clinical Strains of Staphylococcus spp. and Their Sensitivity to Polyphenols-Rich Extracts from Pistachio ( Pistacia vera L.). Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7040082. [PMID: 30360375 PMCID: PMC6313331 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We characterized a number of clinical strains of Staphylococcus spp. and investigated their sensitivity against polyphenols-rich extracts from natural raw and roasted pistachios (NPRE and RPRE, respectively). Out of 31 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp., 23 were coagulase-positive and identified as S. aureus, of which 21 were MRSA. Polyphenols-rich extracts from natural pistachios and roasted pistachios were prepared: the total phenols content, expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g fresh weight (FW), was higher in natural pistachios (359.04 ± 8.124 mg) than roasted pistachios (225.18 ± 5.055 mg). The higher total phenols content in natural pistachios also correlated to the higher free-radical scavenging activity found by DPPH assay: NPRE and RPRE showed IC50 values of 0.85 (C.L. 0.725⁻0.976 mg mL-1) and 1.15 (C.L. 0.920⁻1.275 mg mL-1), respectively. Both NPRE and RPRE were active against S. aureus 6538P and Staph. spp. clinical isolates, with RPRE being the most active (MIC values ranging between 31.25 and 2000 μg mL-1). The antimicrobial potential of pistachios could be used to identify novel treatments for S. aureus skin infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erminia La Camera
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Crisafi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Taviano MF, Rashed K, Filocamo A, Cacciola F, Dugo P, Mondello L, Bisignano C, Acquaviva R, D’Arrigo M, Miceli N. Phenolic profile and biological properties of the leaves of Ficus vasta Forssk. (Moraceae) growing in Egypt. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:161. [PMID: 29769066 PMCID: PMC5956820 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ficus vasta Forssk. (Moraceae) is traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments; nonetheless, this species has been poorly studied to date. This work aimed to characterize the phenolic profile and to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of a hydroalcoholic extract obtained from F. vasta leaves collected in Egypt. METHODS The phenolic profile of the extract was characterized by HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS. The antioxidant properties were examined by different in vitro systems: DPPH test, reducing power and metal chelating activity assays. Moreover, the ability of the extract to protect Escherichia coli growth and survival from H2O2-induced oxidative stress was evaluated. The potential toxicity was investigated using Artemia salina lethality bioassay. Finally, the antimicrobial properties against a representative set of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and the yeast C. albicans were assayed by standard methods. RESULTS By HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS analysis 12 compounds belonging to the groups of phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified. The extract exhibited strong radical scavenging activity in DPPH test (IC50 = 0.0672 ± 0.0038 mg/mL), reducing power (3.65 ± 0.48 ASE/mL) and chelating activity (IC50 = 0.801 ± 0.007 mg/mL). A total protection against H2O2-induced damage on E. coli was observed. No toxicity against A. salina was found (LC50 > 1000 μg/mL). The extract exhibited bacteriostatic activity against almost all the bacteria tested (MICs: 250-62.5 μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS The obtained results demonstrate the potential of F. vasta leaves as safe sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds.
Collapse
|
7
|
GUGLIANDOLO ENRICO, Fusco R, Ginestra G, D'amico R, Bisignano C, Mandalari G, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. INVOLVEMENT OF TLR4 AND PPAR‐α RECEPTORS IN HOST RESPONSE AND NLRP3 INFLAMMOSOME ACTIVATION, AGAINST PULMONARY INFECTION WITH PSEUDOMOSAS AERUGINOSA. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.832.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
8
|
Mandalari G, Chessa S, Bisignano C, Chan L, Carughi A. The effect of sun-dried raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) on the in vitro composition of the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2018; 7:4048-4060. [PMID: 27713974 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01137c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of the human gut microbiota has proven to have beneficial effects on host health. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of sun-dried raisins (SR) on the composition of the human gut microbiota. A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes simulated mastication, a dynamic gastric model, a duodenal model and a colonic model of the human large intestine, was used. An increase in the numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was observed by plate-counting in response to the addition of either SR or FOS after 8 and 24 h fermentation. A significant decrease in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes was observed in SR samples after 8 and 24 h fermentation. FOS resulted in the greatest production of short chain fatty acids. Sun-dried raisins demonstrated considerable potential to promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the human large intestine and to stimulate the production of organic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- IFR-Extra, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, NR4 7UA, Norwich, UK and Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Simona Chessa
- The Model Gut, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, NR4 7UA, Norwich, UK.
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Luisa Chan
- Second Genome Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Arianna Carughi
- Sun-Maid Growers of California 13525 S. Bethel Ave, Kingsburg, CA 93631, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mandalari G, Parker ML, Grundy MML, Grassby T, Smeriglio A, Bisignano C, Raciti R, Trombetta D, Baer DJ, Wilde PJ. Understanding the Effect of Particle Size and Processing on Almond Lipid Bioaccessibility through Microstructural Analysis: From Mastication to Faecal Collection. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020213. [PMID: 29443942 PMCID: PMC5852789 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported on the low lipid bioaccessibility from almond seeds during digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In the present study, we quantified the lipid released during artificial mastication from four almond meals: natural raw almonds (NA), roasted almonds (RA), roasted diced almonds (DA) and almond butter from roasted almonds (AB). Lipid release after mastication (8.9% from NA, 11.8% from RA, 12.4% from DA and 6.2% from AB) was used to validate our theoretical mathematical model of lipid bioaccessibility. The total lipid potentially available for digestion in AB was 94.0%, which included the freely available lipid resulting from the initial sample processing and the further small amount of lipid released from the intact almond particles during mastication. Particle size distributions measured after mastication in NA, RA and DA showed most of the particles had a size of 1000 µm and above, whereas AB bolus mainly contained small particles (<850 µm). Microstructural analysis of faecal samples from volunteers consuming NA, RA, DA and AB confirmed that some lipid in NA, RA and DA remained encapsulated within the plant tissue throughout digestion, whereas almost complete digestion was observed in the AB sample. We conclude that the structure and particle size of the almond meals are the main factors in regulating lipid bioaccessibility in the gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | | | | | - Terri Grassby
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Roberto Raciti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - David J Baer
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Centre, Building 307B, Room 213, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Metro D, Tardugno R, Papa M, Bisignano C, Manasseri L, Calabrese G, Gervasi T, Dugo G, Cicero N. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a Sicilian student population. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1775-1781. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1402317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Metro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Tardugno
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mattia Papa
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Manasseri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgio Calabrese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Universita’ degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Science4Life s.r.l., A Spin-off of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Science4Life s.r.l., A Spin-off of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Grassby T, Mandalari G, Grundy MML, Edwards CH, Bisignano C, Trombetta D, Smeriglio A, Chessa S, Ray S, Sanderson J, Berry SE, Ellis PR, Waldron KW. In vitro and in vivo modeling of lipid bioaccessibility and digestion from almond muffins: The importance of the cell-wall barrier mechanism. J Funct Foods 2017; 37:263-271. [PMID: 29034005 PMCID: PMC5628021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mechanisms of lipid bioaccessibility from almond muffins. An in vitro dynamic gastric model was used to simulate human digestion. A pilot ileostomy study was performed to define the rate of lipid release. Microstructural analysis proved that some lipid remained encapsulated within matrix. The cell-wall is the main factor regulating the lipid bioaccessibility.
This study compares in vitro and in vivo models of lipid digestion from almond particles within a complex food matrix (muffins) investigating whether the cell-wall barrier regulates the bioaccessibility of nutrients within this matrix. Muffins containing small (AF) or large (AP) particles of almond were digested in triplicate using an in vitro dynamic gastric model (DGM, 1 h) followed by a static duodenal digestion (8 h). AF muffins had 97.1 ± 1.7% of their lipid digested, whereas AP muffins had 57.6 ± 1.1% digested. In vivo digestion of these muffins by an ileostomy volunteer (0–10 h) gave similar results with 96.5% and 56.5% lipid digested, respectively. The AF muffins produced a higher postprandial triacylglycerol iAUC response (by 61%) than the AP muffins. Microstructural analysis showed that some lipid remained encapsulated within the plant tissue throughout digestion. The cell-wall barrier mechanism is the main factor in regulating lipid bioaccessibility from almond particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terri Grassby
- Biopolymers Group, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.,Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Myriam M-L Grundy
- Biopolymers Group, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Cathrina H Edwards
- Biopolymers Group, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Shuvra Ray
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jeremy Sanderson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sarah E Berry
- Biopolymers Group, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Peter R Ellis
- Biopolymers Group, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Paterniti I, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Bisignano C, Gugliandolo E, Carughi A, Esposito E, Mandalari G, Cuzzocrea S. The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential of Pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) In Vitro and In Vivo. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080915. [PMID: 28829406 PMCID: PMC5579708 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have demonstrated the effectiveness of pistachio against oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we investigate if polyphenols extracts from natural raw shelled pistachios (NP) or roasted salted pistachio (RP) kernels have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties at lower doses than reported previously, in both in vitro and in vivo models. The monocyte/macrophage cell line J774 was used to assess the extent of protection by NP and RP pistachios against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Moreover, antioxidant activity of NP and RP was assessed in an in vivo model of paw edema in rats induced by carrageenan (CAR) injection in the paw. Results from the in vitro study demonstrated that pre-treatment with NP (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/mL) and RP (0.01 and 0.1 mg/mL) exerted a significant protection against LPS induced inflammation. Western blot analysis showed NP reduced the degradation of IκB-α, although not significantly, whereas both NP and RP decreased the TNF-α and IL-1β production in a dose-dependent way. A significant reduction of CAR-induced histological paw damage, neutrophil infiltration and nitrotyrosine formation was observed in the rats treated with NP. These data demonstrated that, at lower doses, polyphenols present in pistachios possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This may contribute toward a better understanding of the beneficial health effects associated with consumption of pistachios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Arianna Carughi
- American Pistachio Growers, 9 River Park Pl E, Fresno, CA 93720, USA.
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mokhtar M, Ginestra G, Youcefi F, Filocamo A, Bisignano C, Riazi A. Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Polyphenols and Capsaicinoids Identified in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and Their Possible Mode of Interaction. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:1253-1260. [PMID: 28721659 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial activity of pepper polyphenols and capsaicinoids (Coumarin, caffeic acid, narangin, kaempferol, rutin, quercetin, capsaicin, and dihydrocapsaicin) against 13 pathogen bacteria and three beneficial strains was studied using the disk diffusion and microdilution methods. In general, phenolic compounds had the most important activity with the highest inhibition zones obtained with caffeic acid (3.5-20.5 mm), quercetin (4.75-3.5 mm), and kaempferol (7-14 mm). In the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations, the effects of both quercetin and kaempferol were more important than caffeic acid. The clinical strains Staphylococcus aureus (319, 14, 8, 32, and 550) were more sensitive to quercetin (0.00195-0.0078 mg L-1) whereas kaempferol was more active against the strains S. aureus (ATCC 6538, 26), S. typhimurium ATCC 13311, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (0.0156-0.125 mg L-1). The interaction between these three polyphenols was studied against S. aureus ATCC 6538 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Different modes of interaction were observed (synergism, additive, and indifferent), but no antagonism was obtained. The best combination was quercetin and caffeic acid for S. aureus with fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.37, and kaempferol with quercetin for P. aeruginosa (FICI = 0.31).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Mokhtar
- Laboratory of Beneficial Microorganisms, Functional Food and Health (LMBAFS), Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Abdelhamid Ibn Badis, 27000, Mostaganem, Algeria.
| | - Giovanna Ginestra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Fatma Youcefi
- Laboratory of Beneficial Microorganisms, Functional Food and Health (LMBAFS), Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Abdelhamid Ibn Badis, 27000, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Angela Filocamo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Ali Riazi
- Laboratory of Beneficial Microorganisms, Functional Food and Health (LMBAFS), Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Abdelhamid Ibn Badis, 27000, Mostaganem, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mandalari G, Merali Z, Ryden P, Chessa S, Bisignano C, Barreca D, Bellocco E, Laganà G, Faulks RM, Waldron KW. Durum wheat particle size affects starch and protein digestion in vitro. Eur J Nutr 2016; 57:319-325. [PMID: 27785565 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The term bioaccessibility refers to the proportion of a nutrient released from a complex food matrix during digestion and, therefore, becoming potentially available for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. In the present study, we assessed the starch and protein bioaccessibility from a range of wheat endosperm products differing in particle size. METHODS Five porridge meals (size A, flour, mean particle size 0.11 mm, size B, small, mean particle size 0.38 mm, size C, semolina, mean particle size 1.01 mm, size D, medium, mean particle size 1.44 mm, size E, large, mean particle size 1.95 mm) with theoretically different postprandial glycaemic responses were subjected to oral processing in vitro, followed by simulated gastric and duodenal digestion. RESULTS A significant increase (P < 0.001) in starch degradation was observed in size A (52%) compared with size E (25%). Both sizes C and D gave less, although not significantly, digestible starch (32 and 28%, respectively). The glucose release significantly decreased as the particle size of the meal increased (92.16% detected for size A vs 47.39% for size E). In agreement with starch degradation and glucose release, size A gave the most digestible protein. CONCLUSIONS This data provide further evidence that, by decreasing the size of wheat endosperm, starch release and glycaemic response are enhanced. We also showed that protein bioaccessibility followed a similar trend as for starch digestion. Finally, these results support the hypothesis that different degrees of starch encapsulation elicit different blood glucose responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- The Model Gut, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Sal. Sperone 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Zara Merali
- The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Peter Ryden
- The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Simona Chessa
- The Model Gut, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Sal. Sperone 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Sal. Sperone 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Sal. Sperone 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Laganà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Sal. Sperone 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Richard M Faulks
- The Model Gut, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Keith W Waldron
- The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mandalari G, Vardakou M, Faulks R, Bisignano C, Martorana M, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D. Food Matrix Effects of Polyphenol Bioaccessibility from Almond Skin during Simulated Human Digestion. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8090568. [PMID: 27649239 PMCID: PMC5037553 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to quantify the rate and extent of polyphenols released in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) from natural (NS) and blanched (BS) almond skins. A dynamic gastric model of digestion which provides a realistic simulation of the human stomach was used. In order to establish the effect of a food matrix on polyphenols bioaccessibility, NS and BS were either digested in water (WT) or incorporated into home-made biscuits (HB), crisp-bread (CB) and full-fat milk (FM). Phenolic acids were the most bioaccessible class (68.5% release from NS and 64.7% from BS). WT increased the release of flavan-3-ols (p < 0.05) and flavonols (p < 0.05) from NS after gastric plus duodenal digestion, whereas CB and HB were better vehicles for BS. FM lowered the % recovery of polyphenols, the free total phenols and the antioxidant status in the digestion medium, indicating that phenolic compounds could bind protein present in the food matrix. The release of bioactives from almond skins could explain the beneficial effects associated with almond consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Sal. Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
- The Model Gut, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Maria Vardakou
- The Model Gut, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Richard Faulks
- The Model Gut, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Sal. Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Maria Martorana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Sal. Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Sal. Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Sal. Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cirmi S, Bisignano C, Mandalari G, Navarra M. Anti-infective potential of Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau (bergamot) derivatives: a systematic review. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1404-11. [PMID: 27218799 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, mainly because of the increase of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Nature is the major source of anti-infective drugs and could represent a font of medicines that may help overcome antibiotic resistance. Recently, the potential antimicrobial effect of certain plant extracts has attracted attention within the scientific community as alternatives to synthetic drugs. Here, we present a systematic review on the anti-infective properties of bergamot derivatives that highlight the activity of bergamot essential oil against bacteria, mycetes and larvae, as well as the anti-Helicobacter pylori effect of bergamot juice and the antimicrobial properties of extracts from bergamot peel. Findings presented herein could be used to develop novel and alternative preventive and therapeutic strategies aimed to overcome antibiotic resistance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santa Cirmi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Filocamo A, Bisignano C, Ferlazzo N, Cirmi S, Mandalari G, Navarra M. In vitro effect of bergamot (Citrus bergamia) juice against cagA-positive and-negative clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori. Altern Ther Health Med 2015. [PMID: 26220068 PMCID: PMC4518649 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma as over half of the world's population is colonized with this gram-negative bacterium. Due to the increasing antibiotic resistance, its eradication rates fails in a great portion of patients. A number of studies showed that molecules largely distributed in commonly consumed fruits and vegetables may have antimicrobial activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of bergamot juice (BJ) against Helicobacter pylori in vitro. The potential therapeutic combination between BJ and the antibiotics amoxicillin (AMX), clarithromycin (CLA) and metronidazole (MTZ) has also been evaluated. Methods The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of BJ, AMX, CLA and MTZ against 2 ATCC and 32 clinical isolates of H. pylori was assayed according to CLSI. The checkerboard method was used to determine the efficacy of the association BJ with the three reference antibiotics. Killing curves were performed on the two cagA-positive ATCC strains of H. pylori (ATCC 43504 and ATCC 49503), on the clinical isolate cagA-positive HP6 strain of H. pylori and on the clinical isolate cagA-negative HP61 strain of H. pylori. Results BJ (2.5 %, v/v) inhibited the growth of 50 % of the H. pylori clinical isolates, whereas 5 % (v/v) inhibited 90 %. AMX was the most effective antibiotic against the reference strains and the clinical isolates, followed by CLA and MTZ. In the combination assays, synergism was observed between BJ and AMX and between BJ and MTZ against both the reference strains and the clinical isolates. Indifference was observed between BJ and CLA. Conclusions BJ was effective in vitro against H. pylori and the genotype status of the clinical strains may have an impact on its susceptibility. The synergistic combination of BJ and antibiotics could be used to prevent or treat resistance.
Collapse
|
18
|
Arena A, Bisignano C, Stassi G, Filocamo A, Mandalari G. Almond Skin Inhibits HSV-2 Replication in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Modulating the Cytokine Network. Molecules 2015; 20:8816-22. [PMID: 25988612 PMCID: PMC6272138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20058816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of almond skin extracts on the production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs were either infected or not by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), with and without prior treatment with almond skin extracts. Production of IL-17 induced by HSV-2 was inhibited by natural skins (NS) treatment. NS triggered PBMC in releasing IFN-α, IFN-γ and IL-4 in cellular supernatants. These results may explain the antiviral potential of almond skins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Arena
- Department of Human Pathology, Policlinico Universitario, Via C. Valeria, Messina 98125, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Sal. Sperone 31, Messina 98100, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Stassi
- Department of Human Pathology, Policlinico Universitario, Via C. Valeria, Messina 98125, Italy.
| | - Angela Filocamo
- Department of Drug Science and Products for Health, Vill. SS. Annunziata, Messina 98100, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Drug Science and Products for Health, Vill. SS. Annunziata, Messina 98100, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mandalari G, Rigby NM, Bisignano C, Lo Curto RB, Mulholland F, Su M, Venkatachalam M, Robotham JM, Willison LN, Lapsley K, Roux KH, Sathe SK. Effect of food matrix and processing on release of almond protein during simulated digestion. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
20
|
Costa R, Bisignano C, Filocamo A, Grasso E, Occhiuto F, Spadaro F. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition ofCitrus aurantifolia(Christm.) Swingle essential oil from Italian organic crops. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2014.964428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
21
|
Barreca D, Bellocco E, Laganà G, Ginestra G, Bisignano C. Biochemical and antimicrobial activity of phloretin and its glycosilated derivatives present in apple and kumquat. Food Chem 2014; 160:292-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
22
|
Bisignano C, Filocamo A, Ginestra G, Giofre' SV, Navarra M, Romeo R, Mandalari G. 3,4-DHPEA-EA from Olea Europaea L. is effective against standard and clinical isolates of Staphylococcus sp. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2014; 13:24. [PMID: 24986240 PMCID: PMC4107751 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-13-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present work was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of 3,4-DHPEA-EA (methyl-4-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-3-formyl-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate), a derivate of oleuropein, against a range of Gram-positive bacteria, including ATCC strains, food and clinical isolates. Methods The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 3,4-DHPEA-EA were determined by the broth microdilution method and the Bioscreen C. Results 3,4-DHPEA-EA was effective against ATCC and clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC values between 125 and 250 μg/ml) and ATCC and clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC values between 7.81 and 62.5 μg/ml). No significant differences were observed between the two solvents (methanol and DMSO) used to dissolve 3,4-DHPEA-EA. Conclusions The results obtained could be used to develop novel therapies for the treatment of skin infections. Further studies need to be performed to elucidate the formation of 3,4-DHPEA-EA by acid hydrolysis of oleuropein in the human stomach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mandalari G, Arcoraci T, Martorana M, Bisignano C, Rizza L, Bonina FP, Trombetta D, Tomaino A. Antioxidant and photoprotective effects of blanch water, a byproduct of the almond processing industry. Molecules 2013; 18:12426-40. [PMID: 24113641 PMCID: PMC6270328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the antioxidant and photoprotective effect of blanch water (BW), a byproduct of the almond processing industry. The polyphenolic content of a BW extract, the level of proanthocyanidins and the vanillin index determination were determined. The antioxidant activity and the radical scavenging activity of the BW were evaluated by a range of in vitro tests. The in vivo photoprotective effect was investigated using a formulation containing 2% of the BW extract on skin erythema induced by acute UV-B exposure in twelve volunteers. Results confirmed the presence of added-value antioxidant compounds in the industrial BW extract, and the most representative compounds were naringenin-7-O-glucoside and kaempferol-7-O-rutinoside. The proanthocyanidin content was 71.84 ± 5.21 cyanidin equivalents/g of BW extract. The good antiradical activity of the BW extract was demonstrated in both the DPPH• test and in the Reducing Power test. The percentage inhibition of erythema obtained using a formulation of BW was 50.48, value clearly demonstrating an effect against photooxidative damage in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, Messina 98100, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bisignano C, Filocamo A, La Camera E, Zummo S, Fera MT, Mandalari G. Antibacterial activities of almond skins on cagA-positive and-negative clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:103. [PMID: 23659287 PMCID: PMC3654990 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is known to be a gastric pathogen of humans. Eradication regimens for H. pylori infection have some side effects, compliance problems, relapses, and antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the need for alternative therapies for H. pylori infections is of special interest. We have previously shown that polyphenols from almond skins are active against a range of food-borne pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of natural almond skins before and after simulated human digestion and the pure flavonoid compounds epicatechin, naringenin and protocatechuic acid against H. pylori. RESULTS H. pylori strains were isolated from gastric biopsy samples following standard microbiology procedures. Also, cagA and vacA genes were identified using PCR. Susceptibility studies on 34 strains of H. pylori, including two reference strains (ATCC 43504, ATCC 49503), were performed by the standard agar dilution method. CONCLUSIONS Polyphenols from almond skins were effective in vitro against H. pylori, irrespective of genotype status and could therefore be used in combination with antibiotics as a novel strategy for antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bisignano C, Esposito E, Filocamo A, Impellizeri D, Di Paola R, Mandalari G, Cuzzocrea S. Effect of Almond Skins on a Lung Injury Model Elicited by Multirug-Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. EUR J INFLAMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1301100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. Bisignano
- Department of Drug Science and Health Products, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - E. Esposito
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A. Filocamo
- Department of Drug Science and Health Products, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - D. Impellizeri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - R. Di Paola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G. Mandalari
- Department of Drug Science and Health Products, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Model Gut Platform, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - S. Cuzzocrea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Surgery, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bisignano C, Filocamo A, Faulks RM, Mandalari G. In vitro antimicrobial activity of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) polyphenols. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 341:62-7. [PMID: 23350629 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antimicrobial properties of polyphenol-rich fractions derived from raw shelled and roasted salted pistachios. American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), food and clinical isolates, of Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas mirabilis), Gram-positive bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus), the yeasts Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis and the fungus Aspergillus niger were used. Pistachio extracts were active against Gram-positive bacteria with a bactericidal effect observed against L. monocytogenes (ATCC strains and food isolates), S. aureus and MRSA clinical isolates. Extracts from raw shelled pistachios were more active than those from roasted salted pistachios. The bactericidal activity of pistachio extracts could be used to help control the growth of some microorganisms in foods to improve safety and may find application as a topical treatment for S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bisignano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Adawi A, Bisignano C, Genovese T, Filocamo A, Khouri-Assi C, Neville A, Feuerstein GZ, Cuzzocrea S, Neville LF. In vitro and in vivo properties of a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that combats multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:455-64. [PMID: 22735858 PMCID: PMC3573743 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of an anti-bacterial drug in the form of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting an exposed virulence factor, represents an innovative therapeutic strategy. Consequently, a fully human IgG1 mAb (LST-007) targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) flagellin type b was recombinantly expressed and characterized in vitro and in an infection model driven by a multidrug resistant (MDR) PA strain. LST-007 demonstrated a highly specific binding towards whole PA bacteria harboring flagellin type b and its recombinant counterpart, with a K(D) of 7.4x10(-10) M. In bioactivity assays, LST-007 or titers of Cmax sera derived from pharmacokinetic studies, markedly attenuated PA motility in an equipotent manner. In vivo, parenteral LST-007 (20 mg/kg) given as a single or double-dosing paradigm post-infection, afforded survival (up to 75% at Day 7) in a lethal model of pneumonia driven by the intratracheal (i.t.) instillation of an LD(80) of the MDR PA isolate. This protective effect was markedly superior to that of imipenem (30% survival at Day 7) and totally devoid with an irrelevant, human isotype mAb. These data lay credence that LST-007 may be a valuable adjunct to the limited list of anti-bacterials that can tackle MDR PA strains, thereby warranting its continued development for eventual clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azmi Adawi
- Lostam BioPharmaceuticals, Nazareth, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Filocamo A, Nueno-Palop C, Bisignano C, Mandalari G, Narbad A. Effect of garlic powder on the growth of commensal bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract. Phytomedicine 2012; 19:707-711. [PMID: 22480662 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is considered one of the best disease-preventive foods. We evaluated in vitro the effect of a commercial garlic powder (GP), at concentrations of 0.1% and 1% (w/v), upon the viability of representative gut bacteria. In pure culture studies, Lactobacillus casei DSMZ 20011 was essentially found to be resistant to GP whereas a rapid killing effect of between 1 and 3 log CFU/ml reduction in cell numbers was observed with Bacteroides ovatus, Bifidobacterium longum DSMZ 20090 and Clostridium nexile A2-232. After 6h incubation, bacterial numbers increased steadily and once the strains became resistant they retained their resistant phenotype upon sub-culturing. A colonic model was also used to evaluate the effect of GP on a mixed bacterial population representing the microbiota of the distal colon. Lactic acid bacteria were found to be more resistant to GP compared to the clostridial members of the gut microbiota. While for most bacteria the antimicrobial effect was transient, the lactobacilli showed a degree of resistance to garlic, indicating that its consumption may favour the growth of these beneficial bacterial species in the gut. Garlic intake has the potential to temporarily modulate the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Filocamo
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Vill. SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mandalari G, Bisignano C, Filocamo A, Chessa S, Saro’ M, Torre G, Faulks R, Dugo P. Bioaccessibility of pistachio polyphenols, carotenoids and tocopherols in the upper gastrointestinal tract. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.124.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Institute of Food ResearchNorwichUnited Kingdom
- University of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pitino I, Randazzo CL, Cross KL, Parker ML, Bisignano C, Wickham MSJ, Mandalari G, Caggia C. Survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains inoculated in cheese matrix during simulated human digestion. Food Microbiol 2012; 31:57-63. [PMID: 22475943 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Survival of probiotic bacteria during transit through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is influenced by a number of environmental variables including stomach acidity, bile salts, digestive enzymes and food matrix. This study assessed survival of seven selected Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains delivered within a model cheese system to the human upper GI tract using a dynamic gastric model (DGM). Good survival rates for all tested strains were recorded during both simulated gastric and duodenal digestion. Strains H12, H25 and N24 demonstrated higher survival capacities during gastric digestion than L. rhamnosus GG strain used as control, with H12 and N24 continuing to grow during duodenal digestion. Strains L. rhamnosus F17, N24 and R61 showed adhesion properties to both HT-29 and Caco-2 cells. The ability to attach to the cheese matrix during digestion was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, also indicating production of extracellular polysaccharides as a response to acid stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iole Pitino
- DOFATA, Dipartimento di Orto Floro Arboricoltura e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mandalari G, Bisignano C, Genovese T, Mazzon E, Wickham MSJ, Paterniti I, Cuzzocrea S. Natural almond skin reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:915-24. [PMID: 21354356 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of natural almond skin (NS) powder in mice subjected to experimental colitis. Colitis was induced in mice by intracolonic instillation of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). NS powder was administered daily orally (30 mg/kg). Four days after DNBS administration, colon NF-κB and p-JNK activation was increased as well as TNF-α and IL-1β productions. Neutrophil infiltration, by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, in the mucosa was associated with up-regulation of ICAM-1 and P-selectin. Immunohistochemistry for i-NOS, nitrotyrosine and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) showed an intense staining in the inflamed colon. Treatment with NS powder significantly reduced the appearance of diarrhea and body weight loss. This was associated with a significant reduction in colonic MPO activity. NS powder also reduced NF-κB and p-JNK activation, the pro-inflammatory cytokines release, the appearance of i-NOS, nitrotyrosine and PARP in the colon and reduced the up-regulation of ICAM-1 and the expression of P-selectin. The results of this study suggested that administration of NS powder may be beneficial for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, University of Messina, Vill. SS: Annunziata 98168, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Filocamo A, Bisignano C, D'Arrigo M, Ginestra G, Mandalari G, Galati EM. Norfloxacin and ursolic acid: in vitro association and postantibiotic effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 53:193-7. [PMID: 21609344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the effectiveness in vitro of the association between norfloxacin (NOR) and ursolic acid (UA) against Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS AND RESULTS The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), the minimal bactericidal concentrations, the bacterial killing and the postantibiotic effect (PAE) of NOR and UA were determined both singly and in combination. A synergistic interaction was observed against Staph. aureus ATCC 29213: the mean PAEs were 3 h for NOR, -1.2 h for UA (1 × MIC) and 2.0 h for UA (2 × MIC). Synergism was observed with longer PAEs and postantibiotic sub-MIC effects after NOR/UA exposure. UA was also active against clinical isolates and methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus. CONCLUSIONS The application of antimicrobial combinations may address the rising resistance to established classes of both systemic and topical agents. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In vitro interactions between NOR and UA may contribute to the development of novel topical agents for the treatment of skin infections as well as for topical formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Filocamo
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mandalari G, Genovese T, Bisignano C, Mazzon E, Wickham MSJ, Di Paola R, Bisignano G, Cuzzocrea S. Neuroprotective effects of almond skins in experimental spinal cord injury. Clin Nutr 2011; 30:221-33. [PMID: 20864228 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Functional deficits following spinal cord injury (SCI) arise from both mechanical injury and from secondary tissue reactions involving inflammation. Natural almond skins (NS) were tested to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects on an animal model of SCI. METHODS SCI was induced by the application of vascular clips to the dura via a four-level T5-T8 laminectomy. In the present study, to elucidate whether the protective effects of NS are related to the total phenolic content, we also investigated the effect of a blanched (BS) almond skins (industrially obtained by removing bran from the nut) in SCI. NS and BS (30 mg/kg respectively) were administered per os, 1 h and 6 h, after SCI. RESULTS SCI in mice resulted in severe injury characterized by edema, tissue damage, production of inflammatory mediators and apoptosis (measured by Bax, Bcl-2 and Tunel assay). NS treatment, 1 and 6 h after SCI, reduced all parameters of inflammation as neutrophil infiltration, NF-κB activation, PAR formation, iNOS expression and apoptosis. However, treatment with BS did not exert any protective effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NS treatment, reducing the development of inflammation and tissue injury, may be useful in the treatment of SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Mandalari
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, University of Messina, Vill. SS: Annunziata 98168, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mandalari G, Genovese T, Bisignano C, Mazzon E, Di Paola R, Bisignano G, Cuzzocrea S. Almond skin reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.981.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Institute of Food ResearchNorwichUnited Kingdom
- University of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pitino I, Randazzo CL, Mandalari G, Lo Curto A, Faulks RM, Le Marc Y, Bisignano C, Caggia C, Wickham MSJ. Survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Food Microbiol 2010; 27:1121-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2010.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
36
|
Mandalari G, Tomaino A, Rich G, Lo Curto R, Arcoraci T, Martorana M, Bisignano C, Saija A, Parker M, Waldron K, Wickham M. Polyphenol and nutrient release from skin of almonds during simulated human digestion. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
37
|
Arena A, Bisignano C, Stassi G, Mandalari G, Wickham MSJ, Bisignano G. Immunomodulatory and antiviral activity of almond skins. Immunol Lett 2010; 132:18-23. [PMID: 20438761 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The elimination of a viral infection requires a proinflammatory host response (type 1 immunity), characterized by activation of mononuclear cells and production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interferons (IFNs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-12. On the other hand, IL-4 and IL-10 play a role in decreasing the inflammatory response supported by helper T (Th)1 cells. In this study we evaluated the effects of almond skins on the release of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), either infected or not with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Natural (NS) and blanched almond skins (BS) were subjected to simulated gastric and duodenal digestion and used at not cytotoxic concentrations. NS induced a significant decrease in HSV-2 replication, whereas extracts obtained from BS did not significantly influence the viral replication. High levels of cytokines production, such as IFN-alpha (38+/-5.3 pg/ml), IL-12 (215+/-17.1 pg/ml), IFN-gamma (5+/-0.7 IU/ml), TNF-alpha (3940+/-201.0 pg/ml), were detected. Moreover, IL-10 (210+/-12.2 pg/ml) and IL-4 (170+/-21.4 pg/ml), representative of Th2 responses, were found. Our data suggest that almond skins improve the immune surveillance of PBMC towards viral infection, both by triggering the Th1 and Th2 subsets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Arena
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Policlinico Universitario, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mandalari G, Bisignano C, D'Arrigo M, Ginestra G, Arena A, Tomaino A, Wickham MSJ. Antimicrobial potential of polyphenols extracted from almond skins. Lett Appl Microbiol 2010; 51:83-9. [PMID: 20497495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2010.02862.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the antimicrobial properties of flavonoid-rich fractions derived from natural and blanched almond skins, the latter being a by-product from the almond processing industry. METHODS AND RESULTS Almond skin extracts were tested against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Serratia marcescens), Gram-positive bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus hirae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus durans) and the yeast Candida albicans. Almond skin fractions were found to have antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes and Staph. aureus in the range 250-500 microg ml(-1), natural skins showing antimicrobial potential against the Gram-negative Salm. enterica. The interactions between three almond skin flavonoids were also evaluated with isobolograms. CONCLUSIONS Pairwise combinations of protocatechuic acid, naringenin and epicatechin showed both synergistic and indifferent interactions against Salm. enterica and Staph. aureus. Antagonism was observed against L. monocytogenes with all combinations tested. Further studies need to be performed to understand the mechanisms responsible for these interactions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Almond skins are a potential source of natural antimicrobials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Mandalari
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, Messina, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mandalari G, Tomaino A, Arcoraci T, Martorana M, Turco VL, Cacciola F, Rich G, Bisignano C, Saija A, Dugo P, Cross K, Parker M, Waldron K, Wickham MJ. Characterization of polyphenols, lipids and dietary fibre from almond skins (Amygdalus communis L.). J Food Compost Anal 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
40
|
Mandalari G, Faulks RM, Bisignano C, Waldron KW, Narbad A, Wickham MSJ. In vitro evaluation of the prebiotic properties of almond skins (Amygdalus communis L.). FEMS Microbiol Lett 2010; 304:116-22. [PMID: 20146750 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.01898.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated the potential prebiotic effect of natural (NS) and blanched (BS) almond skins, the latter being a byproduct of the almond-processing industry. A full model of the gastrointestinal tract, including in vitro gastric and duodenal digestion, followed by colonic fermentation using mixed faecal bacterial cultures, was used. Both NS and BS significantly increased the population of bifidobacteria and Clostridium coccoides/Eubacterium rectale group, resulting in a prebiotic index (3.2 for BS and 3.3 for NS) that compared well with the commercial prebiotic fructo-oligosaccharides (4.2) at a 24-h incubation. No significant differences in the proportion of gut bacteria groups and in short-chain fatty acid production were detected between NS and BS, showing that polyphenols present in almond skins did not affect bacterial fermentation. In conclusion, we have shown that dietary fibre from almond skins altered the composition of gut bacteria and almond skins resulting from industrial blanching could be used as potential prebiotics.
Collapse
|