1
|
Daachi F, Adi-Bessalem S, Megdad-Lamraoui A, Laraba-Djebari F. Immune-toxicity effects of scorpion venom on the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis during rest and activity phases in a rodent model. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 235:108787. [PMID: 32380264 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Scorpion venom is a complex mixture of peptides and proteins, rich in toxins. Its toxicological effects are related to central disruptions and autonomic disturbances, organ failure, as well as an excessive systemic inflammatory response. Since the role of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is central in the neuroendocrine-immunological axis, the purpose of this study was, therefore, to examine the immunotoxic effect of Androctonus australis hector (Aah) venom on HPA-axis in synchronised-mice model. Taking into account the circadian activity of the HPA-axis, the variations of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone plasma levels, oxidative stress as well as inflammatory markers in cerebral, hypothalamic and adrenal tissue homogenates were investigated during the rest and activity phases of animals. Histopathology study was also performed. Results showed that Aah venom activated the HPA axis. This response seems to be dependent on time of envenomation, as a higher hormone levels were more operative during the active phase than in the rest phase when compared to time-matched control. The local toxicity-effects following Aah envenomation revealed an imbalance in oxidative stress with a higher antioxidant defences in darkness hypothalamic and cerebral tissues. Furthermore, there were significantly higher levels in vascular permeability in hypothalamic and cerebral tissues accompanied by a concomitant increase in immune-cell infiltration and/or activation as shown by expression of CD68 and myeloperoxidase activity during the active phase compared with the rest phase. Overall results suggested that Aah venom had a toxic impact on different HPA-axis areas and the effect varies according to the time of envenomation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fares Daachi
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP32, EL Alia, Bab Ezzouar 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Sonia Adi-Bessalem
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP32, EL Alia, Bab Ezzouar 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Amal Megdad-Lamraoui
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP32, EL Alia, Bab Ezzouar 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP32, EL Alia, Bab Ezzouar 16111, Algiers, Algeria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martin-Eauclaire MF, Adi-Bessalem S, Hammoudi-Triki D, Laraba-Djebari F, Bougis PE. Serotherapy against Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel-Targeting αToxins from Androctonus Scorpion Venom. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11020063. [PMID: 30678116 PMCID: PMC6410273 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their venom lethality towards mammals, scorpions of the Androctonus genus are considered a critical threat to human health in North Africa. Several decades of exploration have led to a comprehensive inventory of their venom components at chemical, pharmacological, and immunological levels. Typically, these venoms contain selective and high affinity ligands for the voltage-gated sodium (Nav) and potassium (Kv) channels that dictate cellular excitability. In the well-studied Androctonus australis and Androctonus mauretanicus venoms, almost all the lethality in mammals is due to the so-called α-toxins. These peptides commonly delay the fast inactivation process of Nav channels, which leads to increased sodium entry and a subsequent cell membrane depolarization. Markedly, their neutralization by specific antisera has been shown to completely inhibit the venom’s lethal activity, because they are not only the most abundant venom peptide but also the most fatal. However, the structural and antigenic polymorphisms in the α-toxin family pose challenges to the design of efficient serotherapies. In this review, we discuss past and present accomplishments to improve serotherapy against Androctonus scorpion stings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Adi-Bessalem
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, BP 32, El-Alia Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Djelila Hammoudi-Triki
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, BP 32, El-Alia Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, BP 32, El-Alia Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Pierre E Bougis
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, UMR 7291, 13003 Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ait Laaradia M, El Hidan MA, Marhoume F, Bouimeja B, Oufquir S, Sokar Z, Boumezzough A, Chait A. Buthus lienhardi venom and pathophysiological effects at the histological, hematological, biochemical and motor skills levels. Toxicon 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
4
|
Saidani C, Béchohra L, Laraba-Djebari F, Hammoudi-Triki D. Kidney inflammation and tissue injury induced by scorpion venom: comparison with a nephrotoxic model. TOXIN REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1446028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chanez Saidani
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Louisa Béchohra
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Djelila Hammoudi-Triki
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Miyamoto JG, Andrade FB, Ferraz CR, Cândido DM, Knysak I, Venancio ÉJ, Verri WA, Landgraf MA, Landgraf RG, Kwasniewski FH. A comparative study of pathophysiological alterations in scorpionism induced by Tityus serrulatus and Tityus bahiensis venoms. Toxicon 2018; 141:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
6
|
Costal-Oliveira F, Guerra-Duarte C, Oliveira MS, Castro KLPD, Lopes-de-Sousa L, Lara A, Gomes ERDM, Bonilla C, Guatimosim S, Melo MM, Chávez-Olórtegui C. Cardiorespiratory alterations in rodents experimentally envenomed with Hadruroides lunatus scorpion venom. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2016; 23:2. [PMID: 27429609 PMCID: PMC4947318 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-016-0076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hadruroides lunatus is the most abundant scorpion species in the Peruvian central coast, where most of the accidents involving humans are registered. In spite of its prevalence, there are only very few studies on H. lunatus envenomation. The aim of the present study was to analyze the cardiorespiratory alterations caused by H. lunatus envenomation in rodents. Methods Wistar rats injected with H. lunatus scorpion venom were submitted to electrocardiography. After euthanasia, rat lungs were collected and histopathologically analyzed. Mouse cardiomyocytes were used to perform immunofluorescence and calcium transient assays. Data were analyzed by ANOVA or Student’s t-test. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results It was observed that H. lunatus venom increased heart rate and caused arrhythmia, thereby impairing the heart functioning. Lungs of envenomed animals showed significant alterations, such as diffuse hemorrhage. In addition, immunofluorescence showed that H. lunatus venom was capable of binding to cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes incubated with H. lunatus venom showed a significant decrease in calcium transient, confirming that H. lunatus venom exerts a toxic effect on heart. Conclusion Our results showed that H. lunatus venom is capable of inducing cardiorespiratory alterations, a typical systemic effect of scorpionism, stressing the importance of medical monitoring in envenomation cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Costal-Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CP: 486 CEP: 31270-901 MG Brazil
| | - Clara Guerra-Duarte
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CP: 486 CEP: 31270-901 MG Brazil
| | - Maira Souza Oliveira
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Karen Larissa Pereira de Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CP: 486 CEP: 31270-901 MG Brazil
| | - Leticia Lopes-de-Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CP: 486 CEP: 31270-901 MG Brazil
| | - Aline Lara
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Enéas Ricardo de Morais Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Cesar Bonilla
- Instituto Nacional de Salud, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos y Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Sílvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Marília Martins Melo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Carlos Chávez-Olórtegui
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CP: 486 CEP: 31270-901 MG Brazil
| |
Collapse
|