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Elmourid A, Elhidan MA, Boussaa S, Laaradia MA, Bouimeja B, Amahmid O, Merzouki M, Touloun O. A Comprehensive Pathophysiologic, Histologic, and Biochemical Analysis of Buthus paris (C. L. Koch, 1839) Venom. Wilderness Environ Med 2024; 35:271-277. [PMID: 38715403 DOI: 10.1177/10806032241249748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Buthus species, including B paris, are classified as one of the most dangerous scorpion genera in Morocco, implicated in several cases of human death. Our objective is to characterize, for the first time, the toxicity and histopathologic and biochemical impacts of B paris venom. METHODS We investigated the experimental pathophysiology of B paris venom by examining histologic changes in vital organs (heart, kidneys, liver, and lungs) and assessing biochemical enzymatic markers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, urea, and creatinine) in mice injected subcutaneously with 2 doses of 400 and 450 mg·kg-1. RESULTS Our results showed that the subcutaneous median lethal dose of B paris venom was around 0.52 mg·kg-1. Histologic findings revealed significant tissue damage in the previously mentioned vital organs, confirmed through biochemical analysis indicating impaired heart and liver functions. Additionally, an increase in urea, creatinine, and glucose levels occurred following B paris venom injection. CONCLUSION Our findings show that B paris venom exhibits a high level of experimental toxicity. These results highlight the potentially lethal nature of this venom and emphasize the potential medical importance of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdessamad Elmourid
- Polyvalent Team of Research and Development (EPVRD), Department of Biology and Geology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - My Abdelmonaim Elhidan
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Samia Boussaa
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques (ISPITS), Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mehdi Ait Laaradia
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques (ISPITS), Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Btissam Bouimeja
- Polyvalent Team of Research and Development (EPVRD), Department of Biology and Geology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Omar Amahmid
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences (Biology/Geology Research Units), Regional Centre for Careers of Education and Training Crmef Marrakech-Safi, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Merzouki
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Oulaid Touloun
- Polyvalent Team of Research and Development (EPVRD), Department of Biology and Geology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
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Elmourid A, Boussaa S, El Hidan MA, Amahmid O, Touloun O. Epidemiological, toxicological and physiopathological characteristics of scorpion stings and their management in Morocco: A literature review. Acta Trop 2023; 239:106812. [PMID: 36596437 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
All around the world, scorpion envenomation represents a public health issue. In Morocco, it represents the first cause of poisoning. The aim of this review is to highlight the epidemiological, toxicological and physiopathological characteristics of scorpion stings and envenomation in Morocco as well as their management. According to the bibliography, the most areas affected by scorpion stings and envenomation are those in the center and south of Morocco. Lethality rate is more important in children than adult. Age, admission class, season, serum venom concentration, and the time elapsed between the scorpion sting and medical intervention are risk factors for a poor prognosis. Until now, we have only known the LD50 of 14 scorpion species from three genera: Androctonus, Buthus and Hottentota, and only 6 species, out of 61 moroccan scorpions, have been assessed for their venom toxicity on mice organs. The venom of harmful moroccan scorpions induces several histopathological changes in the myocardium, brain, liver, pulmonary alveoli, and kidneys in rats, as well as severe consequences in the lungs with intra-alveolar hemorrhage. There was also a significant increase in serum enzyme levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as high levels of plasma albumin, creatine and glucose. In the absence of a specific treatment, the management of scorpion envenomation is based only on symptomatic therapy. We noted a widely use of traditional remedies. Despite the magnitude of the scorpion problem in Morocco, it remains understudied and continues to claim lives, particularly given the lack of an efficient etiological cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdessamad Elmourid
- Polyvalent Team in Research and Development (EPVRD), Department of Biology & Geology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University, Sultan My Slimane, Beni Mellal, 23030, Morocco.
| | - Samia Boussaa
- ISPITS-Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Moulay Abdelmounaim El Hidan
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Omar Amahmid
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, (Biology /Geology Research Units), Regional Centre for Careers of Education and Training Crmef Marrakech-Safi, Marrakesh Morocco
| | - Oulaid Touloun
- Polyvalent Team in Research and Development (EPVRD), Department of Biology & Geology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University, Sultan My Slimane, Beni Mellal, 23030, Morocco
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Darkaoui B, Lafnoune A, Chgoury F, Daoudi K, Chakir S, Mounaji K, Karkouri M, Cadi R, Naoual O. Induced pathophysiological alterations by the venoms of the most dangerous Moroccan scorpions Androctonus mauretanicus and Buthus occitanus: A comparative pathophysiological and toxic-symptoms study. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271211072872. [PMID: 35130762 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211072872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Scorpion envenomation is a serious public health issue. Androctonus mauretanicus (Am) and Buthus occitanus (Bo) are the most dangerous scorpions in Morocco. Despite their medical relevance, no study has yet related their kinetics of symptom apparition and the consequent tissue disorders at the same interval post-injection. This work achieved the first comparative pathophysiological and toxic-symptoms study between the Am and Bo venoms from a biochemical, toxicological and physiopathological standpoint. The activity of venoms and their subletal dose were determined by administration of increasing concentrations of the venoms. 30, 60 and 120 min following the experimental envenomation in mice, the profile of clinical symptoms was underlined and the main organs: brain, heart, lungs, liver and kidneys were removed for histological examination. The Am venom is a rich source of proteins and three-times more toxic than the Bo. The most observed clinical symptoms are neurological and cardiopulmonary. The Am venom caused histopathological alterations at 30, 60, and 120 min which were more important than the Bo. This study highlighted that both venoms exhibited a strong toxicity with variable intensities. Moreover, we showed the presence of correlation between the level of histopathological disorders observed and the intensity of signs appeared at the same time following venom inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Darkaoui
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Physiopathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Lafnoune
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Physiopathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fatima Chgoury
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khadija Daoudi
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Physiopathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Salma Chakir
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khadija Mounaji
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Physiopathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mehdi Karkouri
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, 107900University Hospital of Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Rachida Cadi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Physiopathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Oukkache Naoual
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
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Mendoza-Tobar LL, Meza-Cabrera IA, Sepúlveda-Arias JC, Guerrero-Vargas JA. Comparison of the Scorpionism Caused by Centruroidesmargaritatus, Tityuspachyurus and Tityus n. sp. aff. metuendus Scorpion Venoms in Colombia. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110757. [PMID: 34822541 PMCID: PMC8625436 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Among other scorpion species, Colombia has two genera of the Buthidae family Centruroides and Tityus, considered to be dangerous to humans. This research shares scientific knowledge aiming to a better understanding about the pathophysiological effects of such venoms. The venom of the three species: Centruroides margaritarus, Tityus pachyurus, and T. n. sp. aff. metuendus with biomedical interest were studied. An initial pre-glycemic sample was taken from ICR mice. They were later intraperitoneally inoculated with doses of 35% and 70% of LD50 of total venom. Poisoning signs were observed during a 6-h period to determine the level of scorpionism. After observation, a second glycemic sample was taken, and a histopathological evaluation of different organs was performed. This work revealed that all three venoms showed considerably notorious histopathological alterations in main organs such as heart and lungs; and inducing multiple organ failure, in relation to the glycemia values, only C. margaritatus and T. n. sp. aff. metuendus showed significant changes through manifestation of hyperglycemia. According to the Colombian scorpionism level; signs were mild to severe affecting the autonomous nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leydy Lorena Mendoza-Tobar
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira 660003, Colombia; (L.L.M.-T.); (J.C.S.-A.)
- Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetológicas y Toxinológicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Bioterio, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán 190002, Colombia
| | | | - Juan C. Sepúlveda-Arias
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira 660003, Colombia; (L.L.M.-T.); (J.C.S.-A.)
| | - Jimmy Alexander Guerrero-Vargas
- Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetológicas y Toxinológicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Bioterio, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán 190002, Colombia
- Correspondence:
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Bakır F, Ozkan O, Alcigir ME, Yagmur EA. The lethality, histological, haematological and biochemical alterations in mice envenomated with Aegaeobuthus nigrocinctus venom. Toxicon 2021; 200:118-126. [PMID: 34302854 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no data regarding the toxicity or the in vivo effects of the venom the Aegaeobuthus nigrocinctus species, since it has not been studied thus far according to the best of our knowledge. In the present study, and for the first time, the median lethal dose, the in vivo toxic effects, the histological changes in some of the vital organs were all determined as well as an assessment was made of the histological, biochemical and haematological changes which were caused by the venom injected in mice. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the scorpion venom for mice was found to be 0.38 mg/kg in terms of body weight. The results of the study show that the A. nigrocintus is a potentially lethal scorpion. The evidence related to the venom indicated that it could cause tissue injury in some vital organs. In conclusion, this scorpion venom could cause significant medical complications, and may lead to death, regarding at-risk patients. Therefore, health professionals should be aware of the various scorpion species in their regions and should follow current medical approaches concerning scorpion envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Bakır
- Lokman Hekim University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Ozkan
- Çankırı Karatekin University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 18100, Çankırı, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Eray Alcigir
- Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ersen Aydın Yagmur
- Manisa Celal Bayar University Alasehir Vocational High School, 45600, Alasehir, Manisa, Turkey
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de Oliveira Yamashita F, Torres-Rêgo M, dos Santos Gomes JA, Félix-Silva J, Ramos Passos JG, de Santis Ferreira L, da Silva-Júnior AA, Zucolotto SM, Fernandes-Pedrosa MDF. Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) fruit juice decreases acute pulmonary edema induced by Tityus serrulatus venom: Potential application for auxiliary treatment of scorpion stings. Toxicon 2020; 179:42-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ait Laaradia M, Oufquir S, El Hidan MA, Marhoume F, Laadraoui J, Bezza K, El Gabbas Z, Aboufatima R, Boumezzough A, Chait A. Assessment of the relationship between the amount of scorpion venom in the central nervous system and the severity of scorpion envenomation in rats. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1573198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ait Laaradia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology Neurobiology and Behavior Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Sara Oufquir
- Laboratory of Pharmacology Neurobiology and Behavior Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | | | - Fatimazahra Marhoume
- Laboratory of Pharmacology Neurobiology and Behavior Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Neurosciences Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Hassan 1er, Settat, Morocco
| | - Jawad Laadraoui
- Laboratory of Pharmacology Neurobiology and Behavior Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Kenza Bezza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology Neurobiology and Behavior Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Zineb El Gabbas
- Laboratory of Pharmacology Neurobiology and Behavior Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Rachida Aboufatima
- Laboratory of Genie Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Béni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Ali Boumezzough
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environment (L2E) Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abderrahman Chait
- Laboratory of Pharmacology Neurobiology and Behavior Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
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Ward MJ, Ellsworth SA, Nystrom GS. A global accounting of medically significant scorpions: Epidemiology, major toxins, and comparative resources in harmless counterparts. Toxicon 2018; 151:137-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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