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Fernanda da Silva Roberto F, Difante GDS, Vinhas Ítavo LC, Brandão Ferreira Ítavo CC, Rodrigues JG, de Gusmão Pereira M, Augusto de Araújo M, Freire Guidolin DG, Rodrigues da Silva H, Ribeiro NL. Hepatogenic photosensitization in lambs supplemented with different levels of extruded urea in Brachiaria spp. pastures in the Brazilian Cerrado: Case report. Toxicon 2024; 242:107692. [PMID: 38513828 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The aim was to report cases and risk factors for hepatogenous photosensitization in lambs kept on Brachiaria spp. pastures and supplemented with levels of extruded urea (EU). The herd consisted of 69 Texel crossbred lambs with known parentage (fathers and mothers adapted to the consumption of forage of the genus Brachiaria), randomly divided into 5 groups and distributed in individual paddocks for each group. The animals were supplemented with increasing levels of EU (Amireia® 200S): 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 g of EU per 100 kg-1 of body weight (BW). The concentration of protodioscin was estimated in the mixed pastures of Brachiaria spp. (cv. Marandu and cv. Basilisk), structural components (leaf, stem, and dead material), samples of each cultivar, and in the months of December (2018), February, and April (2019). The animals were examined daily, and when behavioral changes were identified, they underwent clinical examinations and anamnesis. Weighing was performed every 14 days, followed by necropsy and serum biochemical analysis, including gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). The highest concentrations of protodioscin (p < 0.0001) were found in the pastures used by animals supplemented without extruded urea (7.07 ± 0.56), in the Basilisk cultivar (11.35 ± 0.06), in the leaf blade components (2.08 ± 0.05), and thatch (2.20 ± 0.00), and in the month of April (7.34 ± 0.29) (the month with the lowest rainfall), respectively. Fourteen (20.29%) cases of photosensitization were observed in lambs, of which six recovered, and eight died. Serum GGT levels ranged from 42.2 to 225 IU/L; however, in animals that died, values ranged from 209.4 to 225 IU/L. The use of levels 12 g and 18 g per 100 kg-1 of body weight of extruded urea may contribute to the lower occurrence of photosensitization, as the animals selected pastures with lower protodioscin content, presenting a smaller number of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gelson Dos Santos Difante
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marislayne de Gusmão Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Augusto de Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diego Gomes Freire Guidolin
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Hitalo Rodrigues da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Santana JCS, Difante GDS, Rodrigues JG, Pereira MDG, Fernandes HJ, Ítavo CCBF, Longhini VZ, Dias AM, Ítavo LCV. Mathematical models for predicting protodioscin in tropical forage grasses. Toxicon 2024; 240:107628. [PMID: 38278421 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Protodioscin is a saponin present in grasses that can lead to losses in animal production. Our hypothesis was that mathematical models can accurately and precisely predict the protodioscin concentration in tropical grasses. We evaluated the ability of four mathematical models to describe the protodioscin concentration in Brachiaria and Panicum cultivars with different regrowth periods. Six cultivars of Panicum: Aruana, Massai, Mombaça, Tanzânia, Tamani, and Zuri; and five of Brachiaria-grass: Marandu, Paiaguás, Piatã, Xaraés and Basilisk. Protodioscin concentration evaluations were carried out at 51, 84, 110, and 111 days of age. Linear, Quadratic, Exponential, and Logarithmic models were evaluated, and the adequacy of the models was verified. The models were compared for accuracy and precision by pairwise mean squared error analysis and the delta Akaike information criterion. The models did not differ from each other in terms of accuracy and precision. The exponential model showed a high ability to explain the observed variability between protodioscin concentration and plant age for Brachiaria grasses. Panicum grasses have constant protodioscin concentration. Mathematical models are capable of predicting the protodioscin concentration in grasses of the genus Brachiaria based on plant age. We recommend Exponential model to predict the concentration of protodioscin in Brachiaria grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gelson Dos Santos Difante
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Marislayne de Gusmão Pereira
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Henrique Jorge Fernandes
- Unidade Universitaria de Aquidauana, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Aquidauana, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Zirondi Longhini
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Menezes Dias
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Campo Grande, Brazil
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Marin RE, Gimeno EJ, Riet-Correa F, Uzal FA. Hepatic and renal lesions in sheep intoxicated with Urochloa hybrid Mulato II in Argentina. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:262-268. [PMID: 38362676 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241228905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
A flock of 48 sheep in Argentina grazing on a pasture of hybrid Urochloa (formerly Brachiaria) Mulato II (Urochloa ruziziensis × Urochloa decumbens × Urochloa brizantha) developed facial dermatitis, severe jaundice, and weakness after brief physical activity. Blood biochemistry of 3 animals revealed azotemia, elevated aspartate aminotransferase activity, and increased direct, indirect, and total bilirubin concentrations. The urine was markedly turbid and contained large concentrations of bile pigments and protein. At autopsy of 2 animals, there was severe jaundice and subcutaneous submandibular edema. The livers were enlarged, intensely yellow, and had a marked acinar pattern. Gallbladders were distended, and the kidneys were diffusely dark in one animal and yellow-green in the other. Microscopically, there was lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic cholangiohepatitis with abundant crystals in the lumen of bile ducts and in the cytoplasm of macrophages. The proximal and distal convoluted renal tubules had protein casts in their lumens, and crystals were observed in the lumen and epithelial cells. Lectin histochemistry showed strong affinity for Arachis hypogaea agglutinin in hepatic macrophages. In the one sheep that was tested for heavy metals, copper concentrations in the liver and kidney were within the RIs. Despite the immediate change of pasture, morbidity and mortality were 100% within 3 mo. The association between the consumption of this pasture, and the clinical, biochemical, pathology, and lectin histochemistry findings confirmed intoxication with Urochloa hybrid Mulato II. To our knowledge, intoxication by this hybrid of Urochloa has not been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl E Marin
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Eduardo J Gimeno
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific Research, Buenos Aires, CONICET, Argentina
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Francisco A Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, CA, USA
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Petit R, Izambart J, Guillou M, da Silva Almeida JRG, de Oliveira Junior RG, Sol V, Ouk TS, Grougnet R, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Sitarek P, Thiéry V, Picot L. A Review of Phototoxic Plants, Their Phototoxic Metabolites, and Possible Developments as Photosensitizers. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202300494. [PMID: 37983920 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding phototoxic terrestrial plants and their phototoxic and photosensitizing metabolites. Within the 435,000 land plant species, only around 250 vascular plants have been documented as phototoxic or implicated in phototoxic occurrences in humans and animals. This work compiles a comprehensive catalog of these phototoxic plant species, organized alphabetically based on their taxonomic family. The dataset encompasses meticulous details including taxonomy, geographical distribution, vernacular names, and information on the nature and structure of their phototoxic and photosensitizing molecule(s). Subsequently, this study undertook an in-depth investigation into phototoxic molecules, resulting in the compilation of a comprehensive and up-to-date list of phytochemicals exhibiting phototoxic or photosensitizing activity synthesized by terrestrial plants. For each identified molecule, an extensive review was conducted, encompassing discussions on its phototoxic activity, chemical family, occurrence in plant families or species, distribution within different plant tissues and organs, as well as the biogeographical locations of the producer species worldwide. The analysis also includes a thorough discussion on the potential use of these molecules for the development of new photosensitizers that could be used in topical or injectable formulations for antimicrobial and anticancer phototherapy as well as manufacturing of photoactive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Petit
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Curie B10 Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042, La Rochelle, France
| | - Jonathan Izambart
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Curie B10 Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042, La Rochelle, France
| | - Mathieu Guillou
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Curie B10 Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042, La Rochelle, France
| | | | - Raimundo Gonçalves de Oliveira Junior
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Curie B10 Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042, La Rochelle, France
- Franco-Brazilian Network on Natural Products, FB2NP
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Université Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Sol
- Franco-Brazilian Network on Natural Products, FB2NP
- LABCiS, UR 22722, Université de Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Tan-Sothea Ouk
- Franco-Brazilian Network on Natural Products, FB2NP
- LABCiS, UR 22722, Université de Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Raphaël Grougnet
- Franco-Brazilian Network on Natural Products, FB2NP
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Université Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior
- Franco-Brazilian Network on Natural Products, FB2NP
- LANEF, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Valérie Thiéry
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Curie B10 Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042, La Rochelle, France
- Franco-Brazilian Network on Natural Products, FB2NP
| | - Laurent Picot
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Curie B10 Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042, La Rochelle, France
- Franco-Brazilian Network on Natural Products, FB2NP
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Effect of Brachiaria decumbens as a novel supplementation on the production performance of broiler chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:386. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kono IS, Faccin TC, Amorim de Lemos GA, Di Santis GW, Bacha FB, Guerreiro YA, de Oliveira Gaspar A, Lee ST, de Castro Guizelini C, Leal CB, Amaral de Lemos RA. Outbreaks of Brachiaria ruziziensis and Brachiaria brizantha intoxications in Brazilian experienced cattle. Toxicon 2022; 219:106931. [PMID: 36167144 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Brachiaria species are some of the most used forage species for raising Brazilian cattle because of their great nutritional value and adaptability to the tropical climate. However, cases of animal intoxication have been described. Animal species, age, genetic resistance, and previous adaptation to the forage can influence the susceptibility to intoxication. Cattle (young or adults), other adult ruminants and animals adapted to consumption (experienced flocks) are considered more resistant. The main clinical presentation is that of hepatogenous photosensitization. Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria ruziziensis are considered less toxic. The aim of this study is to describe three outbreaks of intoxication by B. brizantha and B. ruziziensis in experienced cattle, as well as to compare the concentrations of protodioscin in paddocks with and without clinical cases. It was observed that the two forage species are toxic to all age groups of cattle adapted to their consumption, and the concentrations of protodioscin present in the plant cannot be used as the only criterion for determining the occurrence of intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelli Sayuri Kono
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Campus, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Cargnin Faccin
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Campus, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gisele Augusta Amorim de Lemos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Campus, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Giovana Wingeter Di Santis
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Campus, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flavia Barbieri Bacha
- Centro Universitário da Grande Dourados - Unigran. Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto de Oliveira Gaspar
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Stephen T Lee
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Carolina de Castro Guizelini
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cassia Brito Leal
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antônio Amaral de Lemos
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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Alghirani MM, Chung ELT, Sabri DSM, Tahir MNJM, Kassim NA, Kamalludin MH, Nayan N, Jesse FFA, Sazili AQ, Loh TC. Can Yucca schidigera Be Used to Enhance the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Gut Histomorphology, Cecal Microflora, Carcass Characteristic, and Meat Quality of Commercial Broilers Raised under Tropical Conditions? Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2276. [PMID: 34438734 PMCID: PMC8388359 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to study the effect of Yucca shidigera as a phytobiotic supplementation in enhancing the production performance of commercial broilers reared under tropical environments. A total of 300 male day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated into six treatment groups. Treatment 1 broilers were fed with commercial diets without antibiotics. Treatment 2 broilers were fed with commercial diets added with 100 mg/kg oxytetracycline antibiotic. Treatment 3, 4, 5, and 6 were fed with the same commercial diets added with 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg Y. shidigera, respectively, without antibiotic. Throughout the six weeks study period, body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly for each replicate to calculate the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. In addition, the nutrient digestibility, gut histomorphology, cecal microflora population, carcass characteristics, and meat quality were determined. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the growth performance, apparent ileal nutrient digestibility, gut histomorphology, carcass traits, and meat quality. Overall, T6 broilers supplemented with 100 mg/kg Y. shidigera demonstrated the best production performances as compared to the other treatment broilers. In summary, information from this study will be valuable for the usability of Y. schidigera, which could be developed as a feed additive to replace antibiotics in the poultry sector in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Alghirani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.A.); (D.S.M.S.); (M.N.J.M.T.); (M.H.K.); (N.N.); (A.Q.S.); (T.C.L.)
| | - Eric Lim Teik Chung
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.A.); (D.S.M.S.); (M.N.J.M.T.); (M.H.K.); (N.N.); (A.Q.S.); (T.C.L.)
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Danial Shah Mohd Sabri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.A.); (D.S.M.S.); (M.N.J.M.T.); (M.H.K.); (N.N.); (A.Q.S.); (T.C.L.)
| | - Muhammad Nasir Jalaluddin Mohd Tahir
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.A.); (D.S.M.S.); (M.N.J.M.T.); (M.H.K.); (N.N.); (A.Q.S.); (T.C.L.)
| | - Nafeesa Abu Kassim
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mamat Hamidi Kamalludin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.A.); (D.S.M.S.); (M.N.J.M.T.); (M.H.K.); (N.N.); (A.Q.S.); (T.C.L.)
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Nazri Nayan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.A.); (D.S.M.S.); (M.N.J.M.T.); (M.H.K.); (N.N.); (A.Q.S.); (T.C.L.)
| | - Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.A.); (D.S.M.S.); (M.N.J.M.T.); (M.H.K.); (N.N.); (A.Q.S.); (T.C.L.)
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.M.A.); (D.S.M.S.); (M.N.J.M.T.); (M.H.K.); (N.N.); (A.Q.S.); (T.C.L.)
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Muniandy KV, Chung ELT, Jaapar MS, Hamdan MHM, Reduan MFH, Salleh A, Jesse FFA. The influence of feeding low and high level of Brachiaria decumbens diets on the hematology, serum biochemistry, and acute phase proteins of sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:372. [PMID: 34173068 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to determine the hematology, serum biochemistry, and acute phase proteins (APPs) responses of both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in sheep fed with low and high levels of Brachiaria decumbens (B. decumbens) diets at different time phases. A total of 30 6-month-old male Dorper cross sheep were randomly divided into three treatment groups consisted of 10 sheep each. Treatment 1 (control) sheep were fed with Pennisetum purpureum and concentrates as the basal diet, whereas Treatments 2 and 3 sheep were fed with low (10%) and high (60%) level of B. decumbens, respectively. The hematology results revealed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the red blood cells, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, white blood cells, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, platelets, and plasma proteins between groups. Except for packed cell volume, there were also significant differences in all hematology parameters at different time phases. All biochemistry parameters except creatinine revealed significant differences among treatment groups. However, there were significant differences in all parameters between time. On the other hand, APPs results showed significant differences in the serum haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in both serum and CSF between groups and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalai Vaani Muniandy
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eric Lim Teik Chung
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mimi Syazwani Jaapar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hazziq Mohd Hamdan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Annas Salleh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Gaspar AO, Guizelini CC, Roberto FC, Difante GS, Brumatti RC, Ítavo CC, Lemos RA, Lee ST. Protodioscin levels in Brachiaria spp. in a sheep production system and a brief review of the literature of Brachiaria spp. poisoning in ruminants. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Plants of the genus Brachiaria, used in several countries as forage, are poisonous to some livestock species. Their toxic principle is protodioscin, and the main form of clinical presentation of the toxicosis is hepatogenous photosensitization. Here we compare protodioscin levels in B. decumbens and B. brizantha and review the literature on the concentrations and methodologies of collection and analysis of the toxic principle in Brachiaria spp. and the risk of contamination of pastures by more toxic species that may facilitate poisoning by plants of this genus in sheep. The experiment was conducted in pastures originally formed by B. brizantha, with many B. decumbens invasion points. The occurrence of cases of poisoning by Brachiaria spp. was the criterion for confirming pasture toxicity. The forage samples were collected at ten random points every 28 days through manual grazing simulation. The samples were analyzed for protodioscin by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with light scattering by evaporation (ELSD) after being dried and crushed. In the flock of 69 sheep, five poisoning cases occurred, three sheep died, and two recovered. The protodioscin levels found in the evaluated pastures ranged from 0.70 to 0.45%; higher levels appeared in B. decumbens (7.09%) compared to 1.04% in B. brizantha. We suggest that Brachiaria spp. should be avoided in pastures where sheep are grazing.
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