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Qin Y, Fan X, Gao Y, Wang P, Chang J, Liu C, Wang L, Yin Q. Effects of Physicochemical and Biological Treatment on Structure, Functional and Prebiotic Properties of Dietary Fiber from Corn Straw. Foods 2024; 13:1976. [PMID: 38998482 PMCID: PMC11241159 DOI: 10.3390/foods13131976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Corn straw is one kind of agricultural by-product containing 70-80% insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). In order to develop corn straw dietary fiber, this study was conducted to increase soluble dietary fiber (SDF) yield and improve the structure, functional and prebiotic properties of IDF and SDF from corn straw treated by alkali oxidation treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation and the combination of these methods. The results demonstrated that the yield of SDF was significantly increased from 2.64% to 17.15% after corn straw was treated by alkali oxidation treatment + Aspergillus niger fermentation + cellulase hydrolysis, compared with untreated corn straw. The SDF extracted from corn straw treated by alkali oxidation treatment + Aspergillus niger fermentation + cellulase hydrolysis (F-SDF) exhibited a honeycomb structure, low crystallinity (11.97%), good antioxidant capacity and high capacities of water holding, water solubility and cholesterol absorption and promoted short-chain fatty acids production by chicken cecal microbial fermentation in vitro. F-SDF enhanced the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus proliferations of Lactobacillus plantarum when it was used as a substrate for Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation. It could be concluded that the combined treatments could increase SDF yield from corn straw and improve its functional and prebiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.Q.); (X.F.); (Y.G.); (J.C.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (Q.Y.)
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El-Nekeety AA, Hassan MA, Abdel-Aziem SH, Hassan NS, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Zinc citrate-coated whey protein nanoparticles alleviate kidney damage and the disturbances in inflammatory gene expression in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23495. [PMID: 37577756 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This work was conducted to synthesize whey protein nanoparticles (WPNPs) for the coating of zinc citrate (Zn CITR) at three levels and to study their protective role against CCl4 -induced kidney damage and inflammatory gene expression disorder in rats. Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups and treated orally for 4 weeks as follows; the control group, the group treated twice a week with CCl4 (5 mL/kg b.w), the groups received CCl4 plus WPNPs (300 mg/kg b.w); the group received 50 mg/kg b.w of Zn CITR or the three formulas of Zn CITR-WPNPs at low, medium and high doses (LD, MD, and HD). Blood and kidney samples were collected for different assays and histological analyses. The fabricated particles were semispherical, with an average size of 160 ± 2.7, 180 ± 3.1, and 200 ± 2.6 nm and ζ potential of -126, -93, and -84 mV for ZN CITR-WPNPs (LD), Zn CITR-WPNPs (MD), and ZN CITR-WPNPs (HD), respectively. CCl4 significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) kidney function indices, oxidative stress markers, messenger RNA expression of transforming growth factor-β1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-α and significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) renal superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase along with the histological changes in the kidney tissues. WPNPs, Zn CITR, and Zn CITR loaded WPNPS showed a protective effect against these complications and Zn CITR-WPNPs (LD) was more effective. WPNPs can be used effectively for coating Zn CITR at a level of 7 mg/g WPNPs to be used as a supplement for the protection of the kidney against different toxicants to enhance immunity and avoid harm of excess Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A Hassan
- Food Evaluation and Food Science Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Nabila S Hassan
- Pathology Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Hassaneen NH, Hemeda SA, El Nahas AF, Fadl SE, El-Diasty EM. Ameliorative effects of camel milk and silymarin upon aflatoxin B1 induced hepatic injury in rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15092. [PMID: 37699912 PMCID: PMC10497557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) poses a major risk to both human and animal health because it contaminates food, feed, and grains. These dangerous effects can be mitigated using natural components. The purpose of this study was to examine the ameliorative effects of camel milk and silymarin supplementation upon aflatoxin B1 induced hepatic injury in rats. This improvement was assessed by measuring leukocytic and deferential counts, serum biochemical parameters, and gene expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α), antioxidant gene (NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1)), and base excision repair genes (APE1 and OGG1) in the liver tissue, in addition to liver histopathology. Sixty mature males Wister white rats were used to perform the present study; the rats were distributed in six groups (ten rats/group). The control group (without any treatment) received saline by gavage. The camel milk group received 1 ml of camel milk/kg body weight. The silymarin group received 1 ml of silymarin suspension solution at a dose of 20 mg of silymarin/kg of b.wt. The aflatoxin group received an aflatoxin-contaminated diet at a dose of 1.4 mg of aflatoxin /kg of diet and received saline. The camel milk + aflatoxin group received the same previous oral doses of camel milk and an aflatoxin-contaminated diet at the same time. The silymarin + aflatoxin group received the same previous doses of silymarin orally and an aflatoxin-contaminated diet at the same time. The obtained data indicated the deleterious effect of aflatoxin B1 on the leukocytic count, activity of AST and ALT, serum proteins, ferritin, alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, liver pathology, and the expression of the studied genes. However, these deleterious effects were mitigated by camel milk and silymarin supplementation. Thus, we could conclude that the ingestion of camel milk and silymarin mitigated the negative effects of AFB1 on the hematology, activity of AST and ALT, serum proteins, ferritin, alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, liver pathology, and gene expression in the rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla H Hassaneen
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Shabaan A Hemeda
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer F El Nahas
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sabreen E Fadl
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt.
| | - Eman M El-Diasty
- Mycology and Mycotoxins Department, Animal Health Research Institute (ARC), Giza, Egypt
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Boutefaha Z, Diab KA, Gheraibia S, El-Nekeety AA, Belattar N, Hassan ME, Abdel-Aziem SH, Hassan NS, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Screening of the phytochemical constituents of Teucrium polium extract and evaluation of their prophylactic role against the oxidative damage and cytotoxicity of Aflatoxin B 1 in rats. Toxicon 2023; 233:107252. [PMID: 37597789 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is common carcinogen causing acute and chronic hepatocyte injuries. This study aimed to determine the bioactive components of Teucrium polium methanolic extract (TPE) and to evaluate their protective role against AFB1-induced oxidative damage, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in rats. Six groups of male albino rats were treated orally for 4 weeks including the control group, the ِAFB1-treated group (80 μg/kg b.w.), the groups treated with low (LD) or high (HD) dose TPE (50 or 100 mg/kg b.w.), and the groups treated with AFB1 plus TEP (LD) or TPE (HD). Blood and serum samples were collected for different assays. The GC-MS identified 34 compounds, the major compounds were pinene, germacrene D, α-cadinol, α-thujene, epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene, and limonene. Animals that received AFB1 showed significant changes in all indicators of oxidative stress, biochemistry, cytokines, MNPCEs, comet tail formation in bone marrow, mRNA expression of inflammatory-related genes, Nrf2, and iNOS beside histological changes in the liver. TPE at the two doses tested showed insignificant changes in all tested parameters. The extract could normalize most of these parameters and the hepatic structure in AFB1-treated animals in a dose-dependent fashion. therefore, we concluded that TPE supplementation is effective for protection against AFB1 in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineddine Boutefaha
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, Ferhat Abbes University, Setif 1, Algeria
| | - Kawthar A Diab
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara Gheraibia
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, Ferhat Abbes University, Setif 1, Algeria
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noureddine Belattar
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, Ferhat Abbes University, Setif 1, Algeria
| | - Marwa E Hassan
- Toxicology Dept., Research Institute of Medical Entomology, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Nabila S Hassan
- Pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Sallam MF, Ahmed HMS, El-Nekeety AA, Diab KA, Abdel-Aziem SH, Sharaf HA, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Assessment of the Oxidative Damage and Genotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Exploring the Protective Role of Holy Basil Oil Nanoemulsions in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1301-1316. [PMID: 35416606 PMCID: PMC9898350 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the oxidative damage, genotoxicity, and DNA damage in the liver of rats treated with titanium nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) with an average size of 28.0 nm and ξ-potential of - 33.97 mV, and to estimate the protective role of holy basil essential oil nanoemulsion (HBEON). Six groups of Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally for 3 weeks as follows: the control group, HBEO or HBEON-treated groups (5 mg/kg b.w), TiO2-NPs-treated group (50 mg/kg b.w), and the groups treated with TiO2-NPs plus HBEO or HBEON. Samples of blood and tissues were collected for different analyses. The results revealed that 55 compounds were identified in HBEO, and linalool and methyl chavicol were the major compounds (53.9%, 12.63%, respectively). HBEON were semi-round with the average size and ζ-potential of 120 ± 4.5 nm and - 28 ± 1.3 mV, respectively. TiO2-NP administration increased the serum biochemical indices, oxidative stress markers, serum cytokines, DNA fragmentation, and DNA breakages; decreased the antioxidant enzymes; and induced histological alterations in the liver. Co-administration of TiO2-NPs plus HBEO or HBEON improved all the tested parameters and the liver histology, and HBEON was more effective than HBEO. Therefore, HEBON is a promising candidate able to protect against oxidative damage, disturbances in biochemical markers, gene expression, DNA damage, and histological changes resulting from exposure to TiO2-NPs and may be applicable in the food and pharmaceutical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Sallam
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Helmy M S Ahmed
- Toxicology & Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawthar A Diab
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hafiza A Sharaf
- Pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Wang HS, Zhang LF, Liu MX, Gu XJ, Li MF, Zheng CP, Wang K, Xiao D, Zhou M, Li XM, Hu QF, Li YK. Two New CPA-Type Indole Alkaloids from the Tobacco-Derived Fungus Aspergillus versicolor and the Anti-TMV Activity. Chem Nat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-022-03822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Sallam MF, Ahmed HMS, Diab KA, El-Nekeety AA, Abdel-Aziem SH, Sharaf HA, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Improvement of the antioxidant activity of thyme essential oil against biosynthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and disturbances in gene expression in vivo. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127024. [PMID: 35753172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are widely utilized in medicine and industry; however, their safety in biological organisms is still unclear. In this study, we determined the bioactive constitutes of thyme essential oil (TEO) and utilized the nanoemulsion technique to improve its protective efficiency against oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and DNA damage of biosynthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs). METHODS TEO nanoemulsion (TEON) was prepared using whey protein isolate (WPI). Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups and treated orally for 21 days including the control group, TEO, or TEON- treated groups (5 mg/kg b.w), TiO2-NPs-treated group (50 mg/kg b.w) and the groups received TiO2-NPs plus TEO or TEON. Blood and tissues samples were collected for different assays. RESULTS The GC-MS analysis identified 17 bioactive compounds in TEO and thymol and carvacrol were the major compounds. TEON was irregular with average particles size of 230 ± 3.7 nm and ζ-potential of -24.17 mV. However, TiO2-NPs showed a polygonal shape with an average size of 50 ± 2.4 nm and ζ-potential of -30.44 mV. Animals that received TiO2-NPs showed severe disturbances in liver and kidney indices, lipid profile, oxidant/antioxidant indices, inflammatory cytokines, gene expressions, increased DNA damage, and pathological changes in hepatic tissue. Both TEO and TEON showed potential protection against these hazards and TEON was more effective than TEO. CONCLUSION The nanoemulsion of TEO enhances the oil bioactivity, improves its antioxidant characteristics, and protects against oxidative damage and genotoxicity of TiO2-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Sallam
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Helmy M S Ahmed
- Toxicology & Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Kawther A Diab
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hafiza A Sharaf
- Pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Hassan ME, Hassan MA, El-Nekeety AA, Abdel-Aziem SH, Bakeer RM, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Zinc-loaded whey protein nanoparticles alleviate the oxidative damage and enhance the gene expression of inflammatory mediators in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127030. [PMID: 35779434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element required for the function of the immune system. However, Zn fortification of food has faced some challenges, although excess Zn may be induced obesity and other related. This study aimed to use Zn-loaded whey protein nanoparticles (Zn-WPNPs) to enhance the immunomodulatory activity of Zn in rats treated with CCl4. METHODS Zn was loaded to WPNPs at a level of 14 mg/g. Four experimental groups of male albino Wistar rats were treated for 30 days including the control group, CCl4-treated group (0.5 ml/100 g b.w), Zn plus CCl4-treated group (50 mg/kg b.w), and CCl4 plus Zn-WPNPs-treated group (50 mg/kg b.w). Blood and tissue samples were collected for different assays and histological examinations. RESULTS The results revealed that CCl4 disturbs the serum biochemical, hematological, and immune indicators in different organs besides the liver as a target organ. Animals that received CCl4 showed a significant increase in oxidative stress markers, cytokines, and the mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators in the lung and spleen accompanied by a significant decrease in the hepatic and renal antioxidant enzymes along with histological changes in the liver, kidney, spleen, and lung. Zn or Zn-WPNPs could improve these parameters and the histological picture of the tested organs and Zn-WPNPs were more effective than Zn alone. CONCLUSION WPNPs induced synergistic immune-modulating effects which may control Zn release and may be a suitable candidate to enhance the immune system during any pandemic or the exposure to any chemicals that affect the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa E Hassan
- Toxicology Department, Research Institute of Medical Entomology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona A Hassan
- Food Evaluation and Food Science Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Rofanda M Bakeer
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Mansour ST, Hashem AI, Abd‐El‐Maksoud MA, El‐Hussieny M, El‐Makawy AI, Abdel‐Aziem SH, Soliman FM. The synthesis and antineoplastic activities of thiaziridine, sulfidometylphosphonium, and dithiaphosphitane‐sulfide against the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:536-552. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa T. Mansour
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department National Research Centre Giza Dokki Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Hashem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Cairo Abassia Egypt
| | | | - Marwa El‐Hussieny
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department National Research Centre Giza Dokki Egypt
| | | | | | - Fouad M. Soliman
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department National Research Centre Giza Dokki Egypt
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Li W, Wu G, Yang X, Yang J, Hu J. Taurine Prevents AFB1-Induced Renal Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1370:435-444. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rashwan HM, Mohammed HE, El-Nekeety AA, Hamza ZK, Abdel-Aziem SH, Hassan NS, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Bioactive phytochemicals from Salvia officinalis attenuate cadmium-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:68498-68512. [PMID: 34275073 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify the bioactive phytochemicals in Salvia officinalis essential oil, to determine the polyphenols in the aqueous extract (SOE), and to evaluate their protective role against cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in rats. Six groups of female rats were treated orally for 2 weeks including the control group, CdCl2-treated group, SOE-treated groups at low or high dose (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w), and CdCl2 plus SOE-treated groups at the two doses. The GC-MS analysis identified 39 compounds; the main compounds were 9-octadecenamide, eucalyptol, palmitic acid, and oleic acid. However, the HPLC analysis showed 12 polyphenolic compounds and the majority were coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, coffeic acid, catechin, vanillin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and rutin. In the biological study, rats received CdCl2 displayed severe disturbances in liver and kidney indices alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (Alb), total protein (TP), total bilirubin (T. Bil), direct bilirubin (D. Bil), creatinine, uric acid, and urea, lipid profile, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and CEA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), gene expressions, DNA fragmentation, and histological alterations in the liver and kidney tissue. SOE showed a potent antioxidant and mitigated these alterations in serum and tissue. Moreover, the high dose succeeded to normalize most of the tested parameters and histological features. It could be concluded that S. officinalis is a promising source for bioactive compounds with therapeutic benefits against environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan M Rashwan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Arish University, North Sinai, Al-Arish, Egypt
| | - Hagar E Mohammed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Arish University, North Sinai, Al-Arish, Egypt
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab K Hamza
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Nabila S Hassan
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Hamza ZK, Hathout AS, Ostroff G, Soto E, Sabry BA, El-Hashash MA, Hassan NS, Aly SE. Assessment of the protective effect of yeast cell wall β-glucan encapsulating humic acid nanoparticles as an aflatoxin B 1 adsorbent in vivo. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22941. [PMID: 34726330 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the protective effect of encapsulating humic acid-iron complexed nanoparticles (HA-Fe NPs) inside glucanmannan lipid particles (GMLPs) extracted from yeast cell wall against aflatoxin B (AFB1 ) toxicity in vivo. Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally for 2 weeks included the control group, AFB1 treated group (80 µg/kg b.w); GMLP/HA-Fe NPs treated group (0.5 mg/kg b.w), and the group treated with AFB1 plus GMLP/HA-Fe NPs. GMLPs are empty 3-4 micron permeable microspheres that provide an efficient system for the synthesis and encapsulation of AFB1 -absorbing nanoparticles (NPs). Humic acid nanoparticles (HA-NPs) were incorporated inside the GMLP cavity by complexation with ferric chloride. In vivo study revealed that AFB1 significantly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, uric acid, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide. It significantly decreased total protein, high-density lipoprotein, hepatic and renal CAT and glutathione peroxidase content and induced histological changes in the liver and kidney (p ≤ 0.05). The coadministration of the synthesized formulation GMLP/HA-Fe NPs with AFB1 has a protective effect against AFB1 -induced hepato-nephrotoxicity, oxidative stress and histological alterations in the liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab K Hamza
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt.,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amal S Hathout
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Gary Ostroff
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ernesto Soto
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bassem A Sabry
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Maher A El-Hashash
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabila S Hassan
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Soher E Aly
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
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Aflatoxin Biosynthesis, Genetic Regulation, Toxicity, and Control Strategies: A Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080606. [PMID: 34436145 PMCID: PMC8397101 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are highly toxic and cancer-causing compounds, predominantly synthesized by the Aspergillus species. AFs biosynthesis is a lengthy process that requires as minimum as 30 genes grouped inside 75 kilobytes (kB) of gene clusters, which are regulated by specific transcription factors, including aflR, aflS, and some general transcription factors. This paper summarizes the status of research on characterizing structural and regulatory genes associated with AF production and their roles in aflatoxigenic fungi, particularly Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, and enhances the current understanding of AFs that adversely affect humans and animals with a great emphasis on toxicity and preventive methods.
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Early Life Exposure to Aflatoxin B1 in Rats: Alterations in Lipids, Hormones, and DNA Methylation among the Offspring. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020589. [PMID: 33445757 PMCID: PMC7828191 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are toxic compounds produced by molds of the Aspergillus species that contaminate food primarily in tropical countries. The most toxic aflatoxin, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in these countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, aflatoxin contamination is common, and perinatal AFB1 exposure has been linked to the early onset of HCC. Epigenetic programming, including changes to DNA methylation, is one mechanism by which early life exposures can lead to adult disease. This study aims to elucidate whether perinatal AFB1 exposure alters markers of offspring health including weight, lipid, and hormone profiles as well as epigenetic regulation that may later influence cancer risk. Pregnant rats were exposed to two doses of AFB1 (low 0.5 and high 5 mg/kg) before conception, throughout pregnancy, and while weaning and compared to an unexposed group. Offspring from each group were followed to 3 weeks or 3 months of age, and their blood and liver samples were collected. Body weights and lipids were assessed at 3 weeks and 3 months while reproductive, gonadotropic, and thyroid hormones were assessed at 3 months. Prenatal AFB1 (high dose) exposure resulted in significant 16.3%, 31.6%, and 7.5% decreases in weight of the offspring at birth, 3 weeks, and 3 months, respectively. Both doses of exposure altered lipid and hormone profiles. Pyrosequencing was used to quantify percent DNA methylation at tumor suppressor gene Tp53 and growth-regulator H19 in DNA from liver and blood. Results were compared between the control and AFB1 exposure groups in 3-week liver samples and 3-week and 3-month blood samples. Relative to controls, Tp53 DNA methylation in both low- and high-dose exposed rats was significantly decreased in liver samples and increased in the blood (p < 0.05 in linear mixed models). H19 methylation was higher in the liver from low- and high-exposed rats and decreased in 3-month blood samples from the high exposure group (p < 0.05). Further research is warranted to determine whether such hormone, lipid, and epigenetic alterations from AFB1 exposure early in life play a role in the development of early-onset HCC.
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Marin DE, Bulgaru CV, Anghel CA, Pistol GC, Dore MI, Palade ML, Taranu I. Grape Seed Waste Counteracts Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity in Piglet Mesenteric Lymph Nodes. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120800. [PMID: 33333857 PMCID: PMC7765275 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin that frequently contaminates cereals and cereal byproducts. This study investigates the effect of AFB1 on the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of piglets and evaluates if a diet containing grape seed meal (GSM) can counteract the negative effect of AFB1 on inflammation and oxidative stress. Twenty-four weaned piglets were fed the following diets: Control, AFB1 group (320 μg AFB1/kg feed), GSM group (8% GSM), and AFB1 + GSM group (8% GSM + 320 μg AFB1/kg feed) for 30 days. AFB1 has an important antioxidative effect by decreasing the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant status. As a result of the exposure to AFB1, an increase of MAP kinases, metalloproteinases, and cytokines, as effectors of an inflammatory response, were observed in the MLNs of intoxicated piglets. GSM induced a reduction of AFB1-induced oxidative stress by increasing the activity of GPx and SOD and by decreasing lipid peroxidation. GSM decreased the inflammatory markers increased by AFB1. These results represent an important and promising way to valorize this waste, which is rich in bioactive compounds, for decreasing AFB1 toxic effects in mesenteric lymph nodes.
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