1
|
Söylemez T, Yamaç M, Eninanç AB, Yıldız Z. Ochratoxin A biodegradation by Agaricus campestris and statistical optimization of cultural variables. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1221-1231. [PMID: 38440684 PMCID: PMC10908693 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study is to identify the optimum conditions for ochratoxin A (OTA) biodegradation by the supernatant of Agaricus campestris strain. The Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken methods were used to determine optimum OTA degradation conditions of Agaricus campestris under various incubation conditions. The Plackett-Burman method was planned through 16 varied experiments with 15 variants. The three most potent variants, sucrose, yeast extract and wheat bran, were selected using the Box-Behnken methodology. Ochratoxin A biodegradation ratio of 46.67% has been specified in only 1 h under ideal growing conditions. This is the first report on the optimization of OTA biodegradation by Agaricus campestris. When compared to previously published articles, it can be asserted that Agaricus campestris has promise based on its OTA biodegradation ratio in only 1 h of reaction time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuncay Söylemez
- Institut Für Lebensmittelchemie, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universtät Hannover, Callinstraβe 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mustafa Yamaç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Betül Eninanç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Zeki Yıldız
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arimboor R. Metabolites and degradation pathways of microbial detoxification of aflatoxins: a review. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:71-83. [PMID: 38151634 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of aflatoxins using nonpathogenic microbes and their enzymes is emerging as a safe and economical alternative to chemical and physical methods for the detoxification of aflatoxins in food and feeds. Many bacteria and fungi have been identified as aflatoxin degraders. This review is focused on the chemical identification of microbial degradation products and their degradation pathways. The microbial degradations of aflatoxins are initiated by oxidation, hydroxylation, reduction, or elimination reactions mostly catalyzed by various enzymes belonging to the classes of laccase, reductases, and peroxidases. The resulting products with lesser chemical stability further undergo various reactions to form low molecular weight products. Studies on the chemical and biological nature of degraded products of aflatoxins are necessary to ensure the safety of the decontamination process. This review indicated the need for an integrated approach including decontamination studies using culture media and food matrices, proper identification and toxicity profiling of degraded products of aflatoxins, and interactions of microbes and the degradation products with food matrices for developing practical and effective microbial detoxification process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Arimboor
- Spices Board Quality Evaluation Laboratory, SIPCOT, Gummidipoondi, Chennai, 601201, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pigłowski M, Niewczas-Dobrowolska M. Hazards reported on food of plant origin in the Rapid Alert System for Foodand Feed (RASFF) from 1997 to 2021 and their occurrence, prevention and reduction. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:91-104. [PMID: 38166161 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2299679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Between 1997 and 2021 notifications for foods of plant origin covered 44.6% of all notifications in the EU Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). A two-way joining cluster analysis for notifications on plants reported in the RASFF in 1997-2021 was carried out. The following variables were considered: hazard, product category and country of origin in relation to year of notification. In the period studied mainly mycotoxins, pesticide residues and pathogenic micro-organisms were reported. The most frequently notified product categories were nuts and seeds, fruit and vegetables and herbs and spices. The submitted products originated from Asian, African and South-American countries. The study findings were followed by a literature analysis outlining the occurrence and prevention and reduction possibilities of the mentioned hazards, which can be used in these countries. Attention was drawn to the need to carry out controls at EU border inspection posts, monitor and update hazard limits and improve the rapid exchange of information and response to detected hazards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Pigłowski
- Department of Quality Management, Faculty of Management and Quality Science, Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Magdalena Niewczas-Dobrowolska
- Department of Quality Management, Institute of Quality Sciences and Product Management, College of Management and Quality Sciences, Kraków University of Economics, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu X, Zhao F, Wang X, Chen S, Qu J, Sang Y. Prediction and validation of enzymatic degradation of aflatoxin M 1: Genomics and proteomics analysis of Bacillus pumilus E-1-1-1 enzymes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165720. [PMID: 37482353 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are a class of highly toxic mycotoxins. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1, having comparable toxicity, which is more commonly found in milk. In this study, the whole genome sequencing of Bacillus pumilus E-1-1-1 isolated from feces of 38 kinds of animals, having aflatoxin M1 degradation ability was conducted. Bacterial genome sequencing indicated that a total of 3445 sequences were finally annotated on 23 different cluster of orthologous groups (COG) categories. Then, the potential AFM1 degradation proteins were verified by proteomics; the properties of these proteins were further explored, including protein molecular weight, hydrophobicity, secondary structure prediction, and three-dimensional structures. Bacterial genome sequencing combined with proteomics showed that eight genes were the most capable of degrading AFM1 including three catalases, one superoxide dismutase, and four peroxidases to clone. These eight genes with AFM1 degrading capacity were successfully expressed. These results indicated that AFM1 can be degraded by Bacillus pumilus E-1-1-1 protein and the most degrading proteins were oxidoreductases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Road, Baoding, Hebei 071001, PR China
| | - Fangkun Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Road, Baoding, Hebei 071001, PR China.
| | - Xianghong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Road, Baoding, Hebei 071001, PR China
| | - Shuiping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Road, Baoding, Hebei 071001, PR China
| | - Jingyi Qu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Road, Baoding, Hebei 071001, PR China
| | - Yaxin Sang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Road, Baoding, Hebei 071001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar V, Bahuguna A, Ramalingam S, Dhakal G, Shim JJ, Kim M. Recent technological advances in mechanism, toxicity, and food perspectives of enzyme-mediated aflatoxin degradation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5395-5412. [PMID: 34955062 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2010647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus section Flavi that contaminates a wide variety of food and feed products and is responsible for serious health and economic consequences. Fermented foods are prepared with a wide variety of substrates over a long fermentation time and are thus vulnerable to contamination by aflatoxin-producing fungi, leading to the production of aflatoxin B1. The mitigation and control of aflatoxin is currently a prime focus for developing safe aflatoxin-free food. This review summarizes the role of major aflatoxin-degrading enzymes such as laccase, peroxidase, and lactonase, and microorganisms in the context of their application in food. A putative mechanism of enzyme-mediated aflatoxin degradation and toxicity evaluation of the degraded products are also extensively discussed to evaluate the safety of degradation processes for food applications. The review also describes aflatoxin-degrading microorganisms isolated from fermented products and investigates their applicability in food as aflatoxin preventing agents. Furthermore, a summary of recent technological advancements in protein engineering, nanozymes, in silico and statistical optimization approaches are explored to improve the industrial applicability of aflatoxin-degrading enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashutosh Bahuguna
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Srinivasan Ramalingam
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Dhakal
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Shim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiong J, Zhang X, Zhou H, Lei M, Liu Y, Ye C, Wu W, Wang C, Wu L, Qiu Y. Aflatoxin M1 in pasteurized, ESL and UHT milk products from central China during summer and winter seasons: Prevalence and risk assessment of exposure in different age groups. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Predicted Aflatoxin B 1 Increase in Europe Due to Climate Change: Actions and Reactions at Global Level. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13040292. [PMID: 33924246 PMCID: PMC8074758 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change (CC) is predicted to increase the risk of aflatoxin (AF) contamination in maize, as highlighted by a project supported by EFSA in 2009. We performed a comprehensive literature search using the Scopus search engine to extract peer-reviewed studies citing this study. A total of 224 papers were identified after step I filtering (187 + 37), while step II filtering identified 25 of these papers for quantitative analysis. The unselected papers (199) were categorized as “actions” because they provided a sounding board for the expected impact of CC on AFB1 contamination, without adding new data on the topic. The remaining papers were considered as “reactions” of the scientific community because they went a step further in their data and ideas. Interesting statements taken from the “reactions” could be summarized with the following keywords: Chain and multi-actor approach, intersectoral and multidisciplinary, resilience, human and animal health, and global vision. In addition, fields meriting increased research efforts were summarized as the improvement of predictive modeling; extension to different crops and geographic areas; and the impact of CC on fungi and mycotoxin co-occurrence, both in crops and their value chains, up to consumers.
Collapse
|