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Belardo C, Jebali J, Boccella S, Infantino R, Fusco A, Perrone M, Bonsale R, Manzo I, Iannotta M, Scuteri D, Ferraraccio F, Panarese I, Ferrara G, Guida F, Luongo L, Palazzo E, Srairi-Abid N, Marrakchi N, Maione S. Biphasic Hormetic-like Effect of Lebecetin, a C-type Lectin of Snake Venom, on Formalin-induced Inflammation in Mice. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1391-1405. [PMID: 38073106 PMCID: PMC11092918 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22999231207105743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrins, important extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor proteins, are affected by inflammation and can participate in the maintenance of many painful conditions. Although they are ubiquitous and changeable across all cell types, the roles of these cell adhesion molecules in pathological pain have not been fully explored. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of the subcutaneous injection of lebecetin, a C-type lectin isolated from Macrovipera lebetina snake venom, previously reported to inhibit α5β1 and αv integrin activity, on different components of inflammation induced by the formalin administration in the hind paw of mice. METHODS The formalin-induced nocifensive behavior, edema, and histopathological changes in the hind paw associated with cytokine, iNOS, and COX2 expression, nociceptive-specific neuron activity, and microglial activation analysis in the spinal cord were evaluated in mice receiving vehicle or lebecetin pretreatment. RESULTS Lebecetin inhibited the nocifensive responses in the formalin test, related edema, and cell infiltration in the injected paw in a biphasic, hormetic-like, and dose-dependent way. According to that hormetic trend, a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha and upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the spinal cord were found with the lowest doses of lebecetin. Moreover, COX2 and iNOS expression in serum and spinal cord followed the same biphasic pattern of cytokines. Finally, nociceptive neurons sensitization and activated microglia were normalized in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord by lebecetin. CONCLUSION These findings implicate specific roles of integrins in inflammation and tonic pain, as well as in the related central nervous system sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Belardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Jed Jebali
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosmara Infantino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antimo Fusco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Perrone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Roozbe Bonsale
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Iolanda Manzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Iannotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Damiana Scuteri
- Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Franca Ferraraccio
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Iacopo Panarese
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrara
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Enza Palazzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Naziha Marrakchi
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Institut Pasteur of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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Morjen M, Zakraoui O, Abdelkafi-Koubaa Z, Srairi-Abid N, Marrakchi N, Essafi-Benkhadir K, Jebali J. CC5 and CC8, Two Disintegrin Isoforms from Cerastes cerastes Snake Venom Decreased Inflammation Response In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12427. [PMID: 37569801 PMCID: PMC10418880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with many pathology disorders and the malignant progression of most cancers. Therefore, targeting inflammatory pathways could provide a promising strategy for disease prevention and treatment. In this study, we experimentally investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of CC5 and CC8, two disintegrin isoforms isolated from Cerastes cerastes snake venom, on LPS-stimulated macrophages, both on human THP-1 and mouse RAW264.7 cell adherence and their underlying mechanisms by measuring cytokine release levels and Western blot assay. Equally, both molecules were evaluated on a carrageenan-induced edema rat model. Our findings suggest that CC5 and CC8 were able to reduce adhesion of LPS-stimulated macrophages both on human THP-1 and mouse RAW264.7 cells to fibrinogen and vitronectin through the interaction with the αvβ3 integrin receptor. Moreover, CC5 and CC8 reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated by the NF-κB, MAPK and AKT signaling pathways that lead to decreased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 and increased secretion of IL-10 in LPS-stimulated THP-1 and RAW264.7 cells. Interestingly, both molecules potently exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect in vivo by reducing paw swelling in rats. In light of these results, we can propose the CC5 and CC8 disintegrins as interesting tools to design potential candidates against inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Morjen
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (Z.A.-K.); (N.S.-A.); (N.M.)
| | - Ons Zakraoui
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology, LR16IPT04, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (O.Z.); (K.E.-B.)
| | - Zaineb Abdelkafi-Koubaa
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (Z.A.-K.); (N.S.-A.); (N.M.)
- Research Laboratory of Precision Medicine/Personalized Medicine and Oncology Investigation, LR21SP01, Salah Azaiez Institute, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (Z.A.-K.); (N.S.-A.); (N.M.)
| | - Naziha Marrakchi
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (Z.A.-K.); (N.S.-A.); (N.M.)
- Medicine School of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 15 Djebel Lakhdhar Street, La Rabta, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Khadija Essafi-Benkhadir
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology, LR16IPT04, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (O.Z.); (K.E.-B.)
| | - Jed Jebali
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, LR20IPT01, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (Z.A.-K.); (N.S.-A.); (N.M.)
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Abstract
The deleterious consequences of snake envenomation are due to the extreme protein complexity of snake venoms. Therefore, the identification of their components is crucial for understanding the clinical manifestations of envenomation pathophysiology and for the development of effective antivenoms. In addition, snake venoms are considered as libraries of bioactive molecules that can be used to develop innovative drugs. Numerous separation and analytical techniques are combined to study snake venom composition including chromatographic techniques such as size exclusion and RP-HPLC and electrophoretic techniques. Herein, we present in detail these existing techniques and their applications in snake venom research. In the first part, we discuss the different possible technical combinations that could be used to isolate and purify SV proteins using what is known as bioassay-guided fractionation. In the second part, we describe four different proteomic strategies that could be applied for venomics studies to evaluate whole venom composition, including the mostly used technique: RP-HPLC. Eventually, we show that to date, there is no standard technique used for the separation of all snake venoms. Thus, different combinations might be developed, taking into consideration the main objective of the study, the available resources, and the properties of the target molecules to be isolated.
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