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Natural Products for Cancer Therapy: A Review of Their Mechanism of Actions and Toxicity in the Past Decade. J Trop Med 2022; 2022:5794350. [PMID: 35309872 PMCID: PMC8933079 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5794350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ethnopharmacological information gathered over many centuries and the presence of diverse metabolites have made the medicinal plants as the prime source of drugs. Despite the positive attributes of natural products, there are many questions pertaining to their mechanism of actions and molecular targets that impede their development as therapeutic agents. One of the major challenges in cancer research is the toxicity exerted by investigational agents towards the host. An understanding of their molecular targets, underlying mechanisms can reveal their anticancer efficacy, help in optimal therapeutic dose selection, to mitigate their side effects and toxicity towards the host. The purpose of this review is to collate details on natural products that are recently been investigated extensively in the past decade for their anticancer potential. Besides, critical analysis of their molecular targets and underlying mechanisms on multiple cancer cell lines, an in-depth probe of their toxicological screening on rodent models is outlined as well to observe the prevalence of their toxicity towards host. This review can provide valuable insights for researchers in developing methods, strategies during preclinical and clinical evaluation of anticancer candidates.
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Pradubyat N, Giannoudis A, Elmetwali T, Mahalapbutr P, Palmieri C, Mitrpant C, Ketchart W. 1'-Acetoxychavicol Acetate from Alpinia galanga Represses Proliferation and Invasion, and Induces Apoptosis via HER2-signaling in Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:163-178. [PMID: 33445186 DOI: 10.1055/a-1307-3997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients have a good prognosis, but 30% of these patients will experience recurrence due to the development of resistance through various signaling pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the mode of anticancer effects of 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate, which is isolated from the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga in estrogen receptor positive (MCF7) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressed (MCF7/HER2), and endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF7/LCC2 and MCF7/LCC9). 1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate showed antiproliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion and had higher potency in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressed cell lines. This was associated with down-regulation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, pERK1/2, pAKT, estrogen receptor coactivator, cyclin D1, and MYC proto-oncogene while in vivo and significant reduction in the tumor mass of 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate-treated zebrafish-engrafted breast cancer groups. The anti-invasive effects of 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate were confirmed in vitro by the matrigel invasion assay and with down-regulation of C - X-C chemokine receptor type 4, urokinase plasminogen activator, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor 2 genes. The down-regulation of urokinase plasminogen activator and fibroblast growth factor 2 proteins was also validated by molecular docking analysis. Moreover, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate-treated cells exhibited lower expression levels of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 proteins in addition to enhanced stress-activated kinases/c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 and poly-ADP ribose polymerase cleavage, indicating apoptotic cell induction by 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate. Moreover, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate had higher potency in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressed cell lines regarding its inhibition on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, pAKT, pERK1/2, PSer118, and PSer167-ERα proteins. Our findings suggest 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate mediates its anti-cancer effects via human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalinee Pradubyat
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain
- Overcoming cancer drug resistance research unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Athina Giannoudis
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain
| | - Taha Elmetwali
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Carlo Palmieri
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain
| | - Chalermchai Mitrpant
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wannarasmi Ketchart
- Overcoming cancer drug resistance research unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Sawanny R, Pramanik S, Agarwal U. Role of Phytochemicals in the Treatment of Breast Cancer: Natural Swords Battling Cancer Cells. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394716666210106123255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy among ladies (around 30% of
newly diagnosed patients every year). To date, various modern treatment modalities for breast cancer,
such as radiotherapy, surgical method, hormonal therapy, and chemotherapeutic drug utilisation,
are available. However, adverse drug reactions, therapeutic resistance, metastasis, or cancer reoccurrence
chances remain the primary causes of mortality for breast cancer patients. To overcome
all the potential drawbacks, we need to investigate novel techniques and strategies that are not considered
previously to treat breast cancer effectively with safety and efficacy. For centuries, we
utilise phytochemicals to treat various diseases because of their safety, low-cost, and least or no
side effects. Recently, naturally produced phytochemicals gain immense attention as potential
breast cancer therapeutics because of their ideal characteristics; for instance, they operate via modulating
molecular pathways associated with cancer growth and progression. The primary mechanism
involves inhibition of cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, increasing anti-oxidant
status, initiation of the arrest of the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Remedial viability gets effectively enhanced
when phytochemicals work as adjuvants with chemotherapeutic drugs. This comprehensive
review revolves around the latest chemopreventive, chemotherapeutic, and chemoprotective treatments
with their molecular mechanisms to treat breast cancer by utilising phytochemicals such as
vinca alkaloids, resveratrol, curcumin, paclitaxel, silibinin, quercetin, genistein, and epigallocatechin
gallate. The authors wish to extend the field of phytochemical study for its scientific validity
and its druggability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Sawanny
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201306, India
| | - Sheersha Pramanik
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-600036, India
| | - Unnati Agarwal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Delhi, Grand Trunk Road, Phagwara, Punjab-144001, India
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Sea anemone (Stichodactyla haddoni) induces apoptosis in lung cancer A549 cells: an in vitro evaluation of biological activity of mucus derivatives. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ahmad R, Khan MA, Srivastava A, Gupta A, Srivastava A, Jafri TR, Siddiqui Z, Chaubey S, Khan T, Srivastava AK. Anticancer Potential of Dietary Natural Products: A Comprehensive Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:122-236. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191015103712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nature is a rich source of natural drug-like compounds with minimal side effects. Phytochemicals
better known as “Natural Products” are found abundantly in a number of plants. Since time immemorial, spices
have been widely used in Indian cuisine as flavoring and coloring agents. Most of these spices and condiments
are derived from various biodiversity hotspots in India (which contribute 75% of global spice production) and
form the crux of India’s multidiverse and multicultural cuisine. Apart from their aroma, flavor and taste, these
spices and condiments are known to possess several medicinal properties also. Most of these spices are mentioned
in the Ayurveda, the indigenous system of medicine. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative,
antihypertensive and antidiabetic properties of several of these natural products are well documented in
Ayurveda. These phytoconstituemts are known to act as functional immunoboosters, immunomodulators as well
as anti-inflammatory agents. As anticancer agents, their mechanistic action involves cancer cell death via induction
of apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. The present review provides a comprehensive and collective update
on the potential of 66 commonly used spices as well as their bioactive constituents as anticancer agents. The
review also provides an in-depth update of all major in vitro, in vivo, clinical and pharmacological studies done
on these spices with special emphasis on the potential of these spices and their bioactive constituents as potential
functional foods for prevention, treatment and management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Mohsin A. Khan
- Chancellor, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - A.N. Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Anamika Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Aditi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Tanvir R. Jafri
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Zainab Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Sunaina Chaubey
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Tahmeena Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Dasauli, P.O. Bas-ha, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, UP, India
| | - Arvind K. Srivastava
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
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Kojima-Yuasa A, Matsui-Yuasa I. Pharmacological Effects of 1'-Acetoxychavicol Acetate, a Major Constituent in the Rhizomes of Alpinia galanga and Alpinia conchigera. J Med Food 2020; 23:465-475. [PMID: 32069429 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) is found in the rhizomes or seeds of Alpinia galanga and Alpinia conchigera, which are used as traditional spices in cooking and traditional medicines in Southeast Asia. ACA possesses numerous medicinal properties. Those include anticancer, antiobesity, antiallergy, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, gastroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities. ACA is also observed to exhibit antidementia activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that combining ACA with other substances results in synergistic anticancer effects. The structural factors that regulate the activity of ACA include (1) the acetyl group at position 1', (2) the acetyl group at position 4, and (3) the unsaturated double bond between positions 2' and 3'. ACA induces the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which regulates the signal transduction pathways, and has an important role in the prevention of diseases, including cancer, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Such findings suggest that AMPK has a central role in different pharmacological functions of ACA, and ACA is useful for the prevention of life-threatening diseases. However, more studies should be performed to evaluate the clinical effects of ACA and to better understand its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kojima-Yuasa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Isao Matsui-Yuasa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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Kapinova A, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O, Kello M, Zubor P, Solar P, Pec M. Dietary phytochemicals in breast cancer research: anticancer effects and potential utility for effective chemoprevention. Environ Health Prev Med 2018; 23:36. [PMID: 30092754 PMCID: PMC6085646 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-018-0724-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancerous tissue transformation developing usually over years or even decades of life is a highly complex process involving strong stressors damaging DNA, chronic inflammation, comprehensive interaction between relevant molecular pathways, and cellular cross-talk within the neighboring tissues. Only the minor part of all cancer cases are caused by inborn predisposition; the absolute majority carry a sporadic character based on modifiable risk factors which play a central role in cancer prevention. Amongst most promising candidates for dietary supplements are bioactive phytochemicals demonstrating strong anticancer effects. Abundant evidence has been collected for beneficial effects of flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids, and organosulfur compounds affecting a number of cancer-related pathways. Phytochemicals may positively affect processes of cell signaling, cell cycle regulation, oxidative stress response, and inflammation. They can modulate non-coding RNAs, upregulate tumor suppressive miRNAs, and downregulate oncogenic miRNAs that synergically inhibits cancer cell growth and cancer stem cell self-renewal. Potential clinical utility of the phytochemicals is discussed providing examples for chemoprevention against and therapy for human breast cancer. Expert recommendations are provided in the context of preventive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kapinova
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - P. Kubatka
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - O. Golubnitschaja
- Radiological Clinic, Breast Cancer Research Center, Center for Integrated Oncology, Cologne-Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Kello
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - P. Zubor
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollárova 2, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - P. Solar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - M. Pec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic
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Hong SO, Choi IK, Jeong W, Lee SR, Sung HJ, Hong SS, Seo JH. Ulmus davidiana Nakai induces apoptosis and autophagy on non-small cell lung cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 202:1-11. [PMID: 28284790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ulmus davidiana Nakai (UDN) is frequently used in the treatment of cancer in traditional oriental medicine. Although several reports indicate that UDN has inhibitory effects in some cancers, there has been no report on the inhibitory effects of UDN via both autophagy and apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity induced by UDN in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) H-1299 and H-460 cell lines was evaluated using the 2, 3-Bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide inner salt (XTT) assay and trypan blue exclusion assay. Induction of apoptosis was also investigated using Hoechst staining and annexin-V binding assay and was confirmed with western blot analysis. Induction of autophagy was investigated through observation of autophagy vacuoles under inverted phase-contrast microscopy and was confirmed by observing the formation of autophagy vacuoles under a fluorescence microscope using monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and western blot analysis. The in vivo anti-tumorigenic effect of UDN was investigated in an athymic nude mouse xenograft model using H-1299 NSCLC cells. RESULTS UDN exhibited a marked inhibitory effect on cell growth in H-1299 and H-460 human NSCLC cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. It induced not only apoptosis, but also autophagy in both H-1299 and H-460 cells in a dose-dependent manner. UDN-mediated autophagy led to the accumulation of autophagosome, resulting in apoptosis induction and cell death. CONCLUSIONS From our current knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate that UDN has the potential to induce both autophagy and apoptosis in H-1299 and H-460 human NSCLC cell lines. We suggest that UDN can be considered a potential candidate for lung cancer-specific chemotherapy with efficacy as a cytotoxic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Oh Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedicine Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - In Keun Choi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonsik Jeong
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Ryeon Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jung Sung
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Su Hong
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Seo
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedicine Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea.
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Purushothaman A, Nandhakumar E, Shanthi P, Sachidanandam TP. Shemamruthaa, a Herbal Formulation Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells and Inhibits Tumor Progression in Rats. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2015; 21:NP1-NP10. [PMID: 26416955 DOI: 10.1177/2156587215607779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals present in plants are more effective than their individual constituents in preventing cancer through synergetic effects. From this perspective, Shemamruthaa, a herbal formulation was evaluated with a view to potentiate more intense anticancer property. This study investigates the anticancer activity of Shemamruthaa in breast cancer (MDA-MB 231) cell lines and its cancer therapeutic potential in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced breast cancer rats. Results of MTT, trypan blue, and apoptotic marker assays suggested that Shemamruthaa can induce cytotoxicity in cancer cells, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Oral administration of Shemamruthaa effectively suppressed the tumor progression as evidenced by decrease in tumor volume and modulation of oxidant-antioxidant status and resulted in extended life span. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of Shemamruthaa revealed the presence of pyrogallol, 5-hydrxoymethylfurfural, trilinolein, and flavonoids. Finally, we show that Shemamruthaa contains potential anticancer agents acting either singly or in combination against breast cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyakkannu Purushothaman
- Dr ALM Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM P-G Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Elumalai Nandhakumar
- Dr ALM Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM P-G Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Palanivelu Shanthi
- Dr ALM Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Thiruvaiyaru Panchanatham Sachidanandam
- Dr ALM Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM P-G Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
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Misawa T, Dodo K, Ishikawa M, Hashimoto Y, Sagawa M, Kizaki M, Aoyama H. Structure-activity relationships of benzhydrol derivatives based on 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) and their inhibitory activities on multiple myeloma cell growth via inactivation of the NF-κB pathway. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2241-6. [PMID: 25801158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), which was isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiberaceae, exhibits various biological actions, including anti-inflammatory, anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and anti-cancer activities. ACA represents an attractive candidate for the treatment of many cancers. We herein examined the structure-activity relationships of ACA derivatives based on the benzhydrol skeleton in human leukemia cells (HL-60). Our results revealed that the ACA derivatives synthesized (ACA, 1, and 18) had inhibitory effects on the growth of multiple myeloma cells (IM-9 cells) by inactivating the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Misawa
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Dodo
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Minoru Ishikawa
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hashimoto
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Morihiko Sagawa
- Department of Hematology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8550, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kizaki
- Department of Hematology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aoyama
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji-city, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Ramezanpour M, da Silva KB, Sanderson BJS. The effect of sea anemone (H. magnifica) venom on two human breast cancer lines: death by apoptosis. Cytotechnology 2013; 66:845-52. [PMID: 23989939 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Venom from the sea anemone, Heteractis magnifica, has multiple biological effects including, cytotoxic, cytolytic and hemolytic activities. In this study, cytotoxicity induced by H. magnifica venom was investigated using the crystal violet assay on human breast cancer T47D and MCF7 cell lines and normal human breast 184B5 cell line. Apoptosis was also assayed via Annexin V-flourescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide (PI) staining followed by flow cytometric analysis. Cell cycle progression and mitochondria membrane potential were studied via flow cytometry following PI and JC-1 staining respectively. H. magnifica venom induced significant reductions in viable cell numbers and increases in apoptosis in T47D and MCF7 in dose-dependent manners. A significant apoptosis-related increase in the sub G1 peak of the cell cycle in both breast cancer cell lines was also observed. Moreover, treatment by venom cleaved caspase-8, caspase-9, and activated caspase-3. Overall, H. magnifica venom was highly cytotoxic to T47D and MCF7 human breast cancer cells, and the phenomenon could be the killing phenomenon via the death receptor-mediated and the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways. Consequently, H. magnifica venom has potential for the development of a breast cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia,
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Williams M, Tietzel I, Quick QA. 1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate promotes caspase 3-activated glioblastoma cell death by overcoming enhanced cytokine expression. Oncol Lett 2013; 5:1968-1972. [PMID: 23833677 PMCID: PMC3700938 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain consumes ∼20% of the oxygen utilized in the human body, meaning that brain tumors are vulnerable to paradoxical physiological effects from free radical generation. In the present study, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), a naturally derived antioxidant that inhibits xanthine oxidase, was evaluated for its role as an anti-tumorigenic agent in glioblastomas. The study revealed that ACA inhibited glioblastoma cell proliferation as a consequence of promoting apoptotic cell death by enhancing caspase 3 activity. It was also shown that ACA impaired the migratory ability of glioblastoma cells by decreasing their adhesive properties. Additionally, ACA increased the protein expression levels of the pro-survival signaling cytokines, IL-6 and IL-1α, established cell protectors and survival molecules in brain tumors. Together, these results demonstrate that, despite enhanced expression of compensatory signaling molecules that contribute to tumor cell survival, ACA is an effective pro-apoptotic inducing agent in glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Williams
- Department of Biology, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70126, USA
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Mahassni SH, Al-Reemi RM. Apoptosis and necrosis of human breast cancer cells by an aqueous extract of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seeds. Saudi J Biol Sci 2013; 20:131-9. [PMID: 23961228 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional treatments for breast cancer are costly and have serious side effects. Non-conventional natural treatments have gained wide acceptance due to their promise of a cure with minimal or no side effects, but little scientific evidence exists. One such common remedy is the seed of the Lepidium sativum plant. Presented here is the first reported use of the aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum seeds on breast cancer cells. The ability of the extract to induce apoptosis and necrosis in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, compared to normal human skin fibroblasts (HFS), was determined by morphological changes in the cells using light microscopy, DNA fragmentation assay, and florescent stains (Annexin V and propidium iodide) using flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. Apoptosis was induced in both cells, and more in MCF-7, when they were treated with 25% and 50% extract, while necrosis was observed mainly after exposure to elevated extract concentrations (75%). DNA fragmentation resulted for both cells, in a time and dose-dependent manner. Both cells, at all extract concentrations, showed no significant differences in the number of living, dead, apoptotic, and necrotic cells. Finally, the results may indicate that apoptotic changes in MCF-7 may be independent of caspase-3, which is involved in apoptosis and is lacking in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Hassan Mahassni
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Ujang ZB, Subramaniam T, Diah MM, Wahid HB, Abdullah BB, Rashid AHBA, Appleton D. Bioguided Fractionation and Purification of Natural Bioactives Obtained from<i>Alpinia conchigera</i> Water Extract with Melanin Inhibition Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jbnb.2013.43033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Batra V, Syed Z, Gill JN, Coburn MA, Adegboyega P, DiGiovanni J, Mathis JM, Shi R, Clifford JL, Kleiner-Hancock HE. Effects of the tropical ginger compound,1'-acetoxychavicol acetate, against tumor promotion in K5.Stat3C transgenic mice. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2012; 31:57. [PMID: 22704648 PMCID: PMC3511812 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-31-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to determine whether a tropical ginger derived compound 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), suppresses skin tumor promotion in K5.Stat3C mice. In a two-week study in which wild-type (WT) and K5.Stat3C mice were co-treated with either vehicle, ACA, galanga extract, or fluocinolone acetonide (FA) and tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA), only the galanga extract and FA suppressed TPA-induced skin hyperproliferation and wet weight. None of these agents were effective at suppressing p-Tyr705Stat3 expression. However, ACA and FA showed promising inhibitory effects against skin tumorigenesis in K5.Stat3C mice. ACA also suppressed phospho-p65 NF-κB activation, suggesting a potential mechanism for its action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Batra
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Zanobia Syed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Jennifer N Gill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Malari A Coburn
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Patrick Adegboyega
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - John DiGiovanni
- School of Human Ecology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - J Michael Mathis
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Runhua Shi
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - John L Clifford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Heather E Kleiner-Hancock
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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Wang JJ, Sanderson BJ, Zhang W. Cytotoxic effect of xanthones from pericarp of the tropical fruit mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) on human melanoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2385-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Baliga MS, Haniadka R, Pereira MM, D'Souza JJ, Pallaty PL, Bhat HP, Popuri S. Update on the chemopreventive effects of ginger and its phytochemicals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011; 51:499-523. [PMID: 21929329 DOI: 10.1080/10408391003698669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae), commonly known as ginger, is one of the most widely used spice and condiment. It is also an integral part of many traditional medicines and has been extensively used in Chinese, Ayurvedic, Tibb-Unani, Srilankan, Arabic, and African traditional medicines, since antiquity, for many unrelated human ailments including common colds, fever, sore throats, vomiting, motion sickness, gastrointestinal complications, indigestion, constipation, arthritis, rheumatism, sprains, muscular aches, pains, cramps, hypertension, dementia, fever, infectious diseases, and helminthiasis. The putative active compounds are nonvolatile pungent principles, namely gingerols, shogaols, paradols, and zingerone. These compounds are some of the extensively studied phytochemicals and account for the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiemetic, and gastroprotective activities. A number of preclinical investigations with a wide variety of assay systems and carcinogens have shown that ginger and its compounds possess chemopreventive and antineoplastic effects. A number of mechanisms have been observed to be involved in the chemopreventive effects of ginger. The cancer preventive activities of ginger are supposed to be mainly due to free radical scavenging, antioxidant pathways, alteration of gene expressions, and induction of apoptosis, all of which contribute towards decrease in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression. This review provides concise information from preclinical studies with both cell culture models and relevant animal studies by focusing on the mechanisms responsible for the chemopreventive action. The conclusion describes directions for future research to establish its activity and utility as a human cancer preventive and therapeutic drug. The above-mentioned mechanisms of ginger seem to be promising for cancer prevention; however, further clinical studies are warranted to assess the efficacy and safety of ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga
- Research and Development, Father Muller Medical College, Father Muller Hospital Road, Kankanady, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India.
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18
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Gupta SC, Kim JH, Prasad S, Aggarwal BB. Regulation of survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumor cells through modulation of inflammatory pathways by nutraceuticals. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2010; 29:405-34. [PMID: 20737283 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-010-9235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Almost 25 centuries ago, Hippocrates, the father of medicine, proclaimed "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food." Exploring the association between diet and health continues today. For example, we now know that as many as 35% of all cancers can be prevented by dietary changes. Carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving the transformation, survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of the tumor and may take up to 30 years. The pathways associated with this process have been linked to chronic inflammation, a major mediator of tumor progression. The human body consists of about 13 trillion cells, almost all of which are turned over within 100 days, indicating that 70,000 cells undergo apoptosis every minute. Thus, apoptosis/cell death is a normal physiological process, and it is rare that a lack of apoptosis kills the patient. Almost 90% of all deaths due to cancer are linked to metastasis of the tumor. How our diet can prevent cancer is the focus of this review. Specifically, we will discuss how nutraceuticals, such as allicin, apigenin, berberine, butein, caffeic acid, capsaicin, catechin gallate, celastrol, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, fisetin, flavopiridol, gambogic acid, genistein, plumbagin, quercetin, resveratrol, sanguinarine, silibinin, sulforaphane, taxol, gamma-tocotrienol, and zerumbone, derived from spices, legumes, fruits, nuts, and vegetables, can modulate inflammatory pathways and thus affect the survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of the tumor. Various cell signaling pathways that are modulated by these agents will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash C Gupta
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Niyomkam P, Kaewbumrung S, Kaewnpparat S, Panichayupakaranant P. Antibacterial activity of Thai herbal extracts on acne involved microorganism. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2010; 48:375-80. [PMID: 20645714 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903150443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of 18 Thai medicinal plants were investigated for their antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes, Stapylococcus aureus, and S. epidermidis. Thirteen plant extracts were capable of inhibiting the growth of P. acnes and S. epidermidis, while 14 plant extracts exhibited an inhibitory effect on S. aureus. Based on the broth dilution method, the ethyl acetate extract of Alpinia galanga (L.) Wild. (Zingiberaceae) rhizome showed the strongest antibacterial effect against P. acnes, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 156.0 and 312.0 microg/mL, respectively. On the basis of bioassay-guided purification, the ethyl acetate extract was isolated to afford the antibacterial active compound, which was identified as 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (1'-ACA). 1'-ACA had a strong inhibitory effect on P. acnes with MIC and MBC values of 62.0 and 250.0 microg/mL, respectively. Thus, 1'-ACA was used as an indicative marker for standardization of A. galanga extract using high performance liquid chromatography. These results suggest that A. galanga extract could be an interesting agent for further studies on an alternative treatment of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Niyomkam
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Hasima N, Aun LIL, Azmi MN, Aziz AN, Thirthagiri E, Ibrahim H, Awang K. 1'S-1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate: a new chemotherapeutic natural compound against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:935-939. [PMID: 20729047 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants containing active natural compounds have been used as an alternative treatment for cancer patients in many parts of the world especially in Asia (Itharat et al. 2004). In this report, we describe the cytotoxic and apoptotic properties of 1'S-1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate (AEA), an analogue of 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), isolated from the Malaysian ethno-medicinal plant Alpinia conchigera Griff (Zingiberaceae) on human breast cancer cells. Data from MTT cell viability assays indicated that AEA induced both time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity with an IC(50) value of 14.0 μM within 36 h of treatment on MCF-7 cells, but not in HMEC normal control cells. Both annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometric analysis and DNA fragmentation assays confirmed that AEA induced cell death via apoptosis. AEA was also found to induce cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells at the G(0)/G(1) phase with no adverse cell cycle arrest effects on HMEC normal control cells. It was concluded that AEA isolated from the Malaysian tropical ginger represents a potential chemotherapeutic agent against human breast cancer cells with higher cytotoxicity potency than its analogue, ACA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hasima
- Dept. of Genetics & Molecular Biology, (ISB), Faculty of Science, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekututan, Malaysia.
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CHANG HUI, MI MANTIAN, LING WENHUA, ZHU JUNDONG, ZHANG QIANYONG, WEI NA, ZHOU YONG, TANG YONG, YU XIAOPING, ZHANG TIN, WANG JIAN, YUAN JIALIN. STRUCTURALLY RELATED ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOIDS: INVOLVEMENT OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES GENERATION. J Food Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Min HJ, Nam JW, Yu ES, Hong JH, Seo EK, Hwang ES. Effect of naturally occurring hydroxychavicol acetate on the cytokine production in T helper cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:448-54. [PMID: 19208458 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring phenolic compounds, such as chavicol analogues, have been shown to have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. We have previously isolated two chavicol acetate analogues, acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) and hydroxychavicol acetate (HCA) from the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga. Although the function of ACA has been studied in many systems, the function of HCA has yet to be systemically examined. In this study, we have comparably examined the functions of ACA and HCA on the cytokine production in Th cells. ACA exhibited potent antioxidant activity and increased cell apoptosis; therefore, cytokine production by Th cells was diminished. Although HCA had neither antioxidant activity nor pro-apoptotic function, it was shown to increase IL-2 production and attenuate IFNgamma expression in Th cells. In addition, we demonstrated that HCA suppressed T-bet expression, which is responsible for IL-2 suppression and IFNgamma induction in Th cells and inhibited T-bet-mediated Th1 cell differentiation. Therefore, we suggest that HCA may be beneficial as therapeutics for treating inflammatory immune disorders caused by extravagant activation of Th1-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Min
- College of Pharmacy and Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Brohem C, Sawada T, Massaro R, Almeida R, Rivelli D, Ropke C, da Silva V, de Lima T, Curi R, Barros S, Maria-Engler S. Apoptosis induction by 4-nerolidylcatechol in melanoma cell lines. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:111-9. [PMID: 19059332 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Prince M, Li Y, Childers A, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Kleiner HE. Comparison of citrus coumarins on carcinogen-detoxifying enzymes in Nrf2 knockout mice. Toxicol Lett 2008; 185:180-6. [PMID: 19150646 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring coumarins possess anti-carcinogenic activities in part by inducing carcinogen-detoxifying enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST) and/or NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1). Our goal was to determine whether citrus coumarins induce hepatic GST and/or NQO1 via activation of Nrf2 and the antioxidant response element (ARE). First, HepG2 cells stably transfected with the ARE and a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter were treated with increasing concentrations of coumarins and compared to positive controls. tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and oltipraz increased GFP fluorescence, as did coumarin, limettin, auraptene, imperatorin, and 7,8-benzoflavone, suggesting that they activate the ARE, whereas isopimpinellin did not increase GFP fluorescence. Next, the effects of orally administered coumarins and oltipraz on hepatic GST and NQO1 activities were compared in Nrf2 knockout mice or Nrf2 heterozygous mice exhibiting the wild-type phenotype. Oltipraz, auraptene, imperatorin, isopimpinellin, and auraptene all significantly increased liver cytosolic GST activities in Nrf2 heterozygous mice. This effect was abrogated in Nrf2(-/-) mice dosed with oltipraz, attenuated in mice Nrf2(-/-) mice treated with auraptene and imperatorin, and still significant in Nrf2(-/-) mice treated with isopimpinellin. Of these compounds, only isopimpinellin significantly increased liver cytosolic NQO1 activities, and this effect was not attenuated in Nrf2(-/-) mice. These results strongly suggest that imperatorin and auraptene induce murine liver cytosolic GST activities via the Nrf2/ARE mechanism. Although structurally similar, isopimpinellin did not appear to activate HepG2-ARE-GFP and the Nrf2 knockout mouse study suggests that isopimpinellin may induce GST and NQO1 via additional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misty Prince
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States
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