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Meakin AS, Darby JR, Holman SL, Wiese MD, Morrison JL. Maternal-placental-fetal drug metabolism is altered by late gestation undernutrition in the pregnant ewe. Life Sci 2022; 298:120521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vizzini A, Bonura A, La Paglia L, Fiannaca A, La Rosa M, Urso A, Mauro M, Vazzana M, Arizza V. Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal 2 and 4 Family Members of Cytochromes P450 (CYP) Involved in LPS Inflammatory Response in Pharynx of Ciona robusta. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011141. [PMID: 34681801 PMCID: PMC8537429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are enzymes responsible for the biotransformation of most endogenous and exogenous agents. The expression of each CYP is influenced by a unique combination of mechanisms and factors including genetic polymorphisms, induction by xenobiotics, and regulation by cytokines and hormones. In recent years, Ciona robusta, one of the closest living relatives of vertebrates, has become a model in various fields of biology, in particular for studying inflammatory response. Using an in vivo LPS exposure strategy, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and qRT-PCR combined with bioinformatics and in silico analyses, compared whole pharynx transcripts from naïve and LPS-exposed C. robusta, and we provide the first view of cytochrome genes expression and miRNA regulation in the inflammatory response induced by LPS in a hematopoietic organ. In C. robusta, cytochromes belonging to 2B,2C, 2J, 2U, 4B and 4F subfamilies were deregulated and miRNA network interactions suggest that different conserved and species-specific miRNAs are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of cytochrome genes and that there could be an interplay between specific miRNAs regulating both inflammation and cytochrome molecules in the inflammatory response in C. robusta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiti Vizzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.M.); (M.V.); (V.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Angela Bonura
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Laura La Paglia
- Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.P.); (A.F.); (M.L.R.); (A.U.)
| | - Antonino Fiannaca
- Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.P.); (A.F.); (M.L.R.); (A.U.)
| | - Massimo La Rosa
- Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.P.); (A.F.); (M.L.R.); (A.U.)
| | - Alfonso Urso
- Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.P.); (A.F.); (M.L.R.); (A.U.)
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.M.); (M.V.); (V.A.)
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.M.); (M.V.); (V.A.)
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.M.); (M.V.); (V.A.)
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Zhao L, Chen F, Zhang Y, Yue L, Guo H, Ye G, Shi F, Lv C, Jing B, Tang H, Yin Z, Fu H, Lin J, Li Y, Wang X. Involvement of P450s and nuclear receptors in the hepatoprotective effect of quercetin on liver injury by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:211-220. [PMID: 32253952 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1742154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Quercetin (Que), a flavonoid, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It has been shown to protect against liver injury induced by various factors. This study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanism of its protective effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced liver damage.Methods: Mice were pretreated with Que for 7 consecutive days and then exposed to LPS. To study the hepatoprotective effect of Que, oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory cytokine levels in liver and serum liver function indexes were examined. Protein and mRNA expression of nuclear orphan receptors and cytochrome P450 enzymes were measured by Western Blotting and qPCR, respectively.Results: Que significantly reduced circulating ALT, AST, ALP, and ameliorated LPS-induced histological alterations. In addition, Que obviously decreased markers of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, Que carried out the hepatoprotective effect via regulation of the expression of nuclear orphan receptors (CAR, PXR) and cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP2D22, CYP3A11).Conclusions: Our findings suggested that Que pretreatment could ameliorate LPS-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yuanli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Ling Yue
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Gang Ye
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Fei Shi
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jing
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Hualin Fu
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jvchun Lin
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yinglun Li
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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Tseilikman V, Dremencov E, Tseilikman O, Pavlovicova M, Lacinova L, Jezova D. Role of glucocorticoid- and monoamine-metabolizing enzymes in stress-related psychopathological processes. Stress 2020; 23:1-12. [PMID: 31322459 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1641080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid signaling is fundamental in healthy stress coping and in the pathophysiology of stress-related diseases, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Glucocorticoids are metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) as well as 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) and 2 (11βHSD2). Acute stress-induced increase in glucocorticoid concentrations stimulates the expression of several CYP sub-types. CYP is primarily responsible for glucocorticoid metabolism and its increased activity can result in decreased circulating glucocorticoids in response to repeated stress stimuli. In addition, repeated stress-induced glucocorticoid release can promote 11βHSD1 activation and 11βHSD2 inhibition, and the 11βHSD2 suppression can lead to apparent mineralocorticoid excess. The activation of CYP and 11βHSD1 and the suppression of 11βHSD2 may at least partly contribute to development of the blunted glucocorticoid response to stressors characteristic in high trait anxiety, PTSD, and other stress-related disorders. Glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid-metabolizing enzymes interact closely with other biomolecules such as inflammatory cytokines, monoamines, and some monoamine-metabolizing enzymes, namely the monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) and B (MAO-B). Glucocorticoids boost MAO activity and this decreases monoamine levels and induces oxidative tissue damage which then activates inflammatory cytokines. The inflammatory cytokines suppress CYP expression and activity. This dynamic cross-talk between glucocorticoids, monoamines, and their metabolizing enzymes could be a critical factor in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders.Lay summaryGlucocorticoids, which are produced and released under the control by brain regulatory centers, are fundamental in the stress response. This review emphasizes the importance of glucocorticoid metabolism and particularly the interaction between the brain and the liver as the major metabolic organ in the body. The activity of enzymes involved in glucocorticoid metabolism is proposed to play not only an important role in positive, healthy glucocorticoid effects, but also to contribute to the development and course of stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Tseilikman
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Eliyahu Dremencov
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Olga Tseilikman
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Michaela Pavlovicova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubica Lacinova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Saints Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Tenorio-Borroto E, Castañedo N, García-Mera X, Rivadeneira K, Vázquez Chagoyán JC, Barbabosa Pliego A, Munteanu CR, González-Díaz H. Perturbation Theory Machine Learning Modeling of Immunotoxicity for Drugs Targeting Inflammatory Cytokines and Study of the Antimicrobial G1 Using Cytometric Bead Arrays. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1811-1823. [PMID: 31327231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ChEMBL biological activities prediction for 1-5-bromofur-2-il-2-bromo-2-nitroethene (G1) is a difficult task for cytokine immunotoxicity. The current study presents experimental results for G1 interaction with mouse Th1/Th2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines using a cytometry bead array (CBA). In the in vitro test of CBA, the results show no significant differences between the mean values of the Th1/Th2 cytokines for the samples treated with G1 with respect to the negative control, but there are moderate differences for cytokine values between different periods (24/48 h). The experiments show no significant differences between the mean values of the pro-inflammatory cytokines for the samples treated with G1, regarding the negative control, except for the values of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Interleukin (IL6) between the group treated with G1 and the negative control at 48 h. Differences occur for these cytokines in the periods (24/48 h). The study confirmed that the antimicrobial G1 did not alter the Th1/Th2 cytokines concentration in vitro in different periods, but it can alter TNF and IL6. G1 promotes free radicals production and activates damage processes in macrophages culture. In order to predict all ChEMBL activities for drugs in other experimental conditions, a ChEMBL data set was constructed using 25 biological activities, 1366 assays, 2 assay types, 4 assay organisms, 2 organisms, and 12 cytokine targets. Molecular descriptors calculated with Rcpi and 15 machine learning methods were used to find the best model able to predict if a drug could be active or not against a specific cytokine, in specific experimental conditions. The best model is based on 120 selected molecular descriptors and a deep neural network with area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic of 0.904 and accuracy of 0.832. This model predicted 1384 G1 biological activities against cytokines in all ChEMBL data set experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esvieta Tenorio-Borroto
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain.,Center for Research and Advanced Studies in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicines and Animal Husbandry , Autonomous University of Mexico State (UAEM) , 50200 Toluca , México
| | - Nilo Castañedo
- Chemical Bioactive Center (CBQ) , Central University of Las Villas (UCLV) , 50100 Santa Clara , Cuba
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Kenneth Rivadeneira
- RNASA-IMEDIR, Computer Science Faculty , University of A Coruna (UDC) , 15071 A Coruña , Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Vázquez Chagoyán
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicines and Animal Husbandry , Autonomous University of Mexico State (UAEM) , 50200 Toluca , México
| | - Alberto Barbabosa Pliego
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicines and Animal Husbandry , Autonomous University of Mexico State (UAEM) , 50200 Toluca , México
| | - Cristian R Munteanu
- RNASA-IMEDIR, Computer Science Faculty , University of A Coruna (UDC) , 15071 A Coruña , Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña (INIBIC) , University Hospital Complex of A Coruña (CHUAC) , 15006 A Coruña , Spain
| | - Humbert González-Díaz
- Department of Organic Chemistry II , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , 48940 Leioa , Spain.,IKERBASQUE , Basque Foundation for Science , 48011 Bilbao , Spain
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Topchiy E, Cirstea M, Kong HJ, Boyd JH, Wang Y, Russell JA, Walley KR. Lipopolysaccharide Is Cleared from the Circulation by Hepatocytes via the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155030. [PMID: 27171436 PMCID: PMC4865154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is the leading cause of death in critically ill patients. While decreased Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) function improves clinical outcomes in murine and human sepsis, the mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated. We tested the hypothesis that lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major Gram-negative bacteria endotoxin, is cleared from the circulation by hepatocyte Low Density Lipoprotein Receptors (LDLR)—receptors downregulated by PCSK9. We directly visualized LPS uptake and found that LPS is rapidly taken up by hepatocytes into the cell periphery. Over the course of 4 hours LPS is transported towards the cell center. We next found that clearance of injected LPS from the blood was reduced substantially in Ldlr knockout (Ldlr-/-) mice compared to wild type controls and, simultaneously, hepatic uptake of LPS was also reduced in Ldlr-/- mice. Specifically examining the role of hepatocytes, we further found that primary hepatocytes isolated from Ldlr-/- mice had greatly decreased LPS uptake. In the HepG2 immortalized human hepatocyte cell line, LDLR silencing similarly resulted in decreased LPS uptake. PCSK9 treatment reduces LDLR density on hepatocytes and, therefore, was another independent strategy to test our hypothesis. Incubation with PCSK9 reduced LPS uptake by hepatocytes. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that hepatocytes clear LPS from the circulation via the LDLR and PCSK9 regulates LPS clearance from the circulation during sepsis by downregulation of hepatic LDLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Topchiy
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mihai Cirstea
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - HyeJin Julia Kong
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John H Boyd
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yingjin Wang
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - James A Russell
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Keith R Walley
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Bo QL, Chen YH, Yu Z, Fu L, Zhou Y, Zhang GB, Wang H, Zhang ZH, Xu DX. Rosiglitazone pretreatment protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced fetal demise through inhibiting placental inflammation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 423:51-9. [PMID: 26773728 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ is highly expressed in human and rodent placentas. Nevertheless, its function remains obscure. The present study investigated the effects of rosiglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, on LPS-induced fetal death. All pregnant mice except controls were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (150 μg/kg) daily from gestational day (GD)15 to GD17. As expected, maternal LPS injection caused placental inflammation and resulted in 63.6% fetal death in dams that completed the pregnancy. Interestingly, LPS-induced fetal mortality was reduced to 16.0% when pregnant mice were pretreated with RSG. Additional experiment showed that rosiglitazone pretreatment inhibited LPS-induced expressions of tumor necrosis factor (Tnf)-α, interleukin (Il)-1β, Il-6, macrophage inflammatory protein (Mip)-2 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (Kc) in mouse placenta. Although rosiglitazone had little effect on LPS-evoked elevation of IL-10 in amniotic fluid, it alleviated LPS-evoked release of TNF-α and MIP-2 in amniotic fluid. Further analysis showed that pretreatment with rosiglitazone, which activated placental PPAR-γ signaling, simultaneously suppressed LPS-evoked nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation and blocked nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and p50 subunits in trophoblast giant cells of the labyrinth layer. These results provide a mechanistic explanation for PPAR-γ-mediated anti-inflammatory activity in the placentas. Overall, the present study provides additional evidence for roles of PPAR-γ as an important regulator of placental inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Li Bo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Gui-Bin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Guo Y, Hu B, Xie Y, Billiar TR, Sperry JL, Huang M, Xie W. Regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes by local and systemic liver injuries. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 12:245-51. [PMID: 26751558 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2016.1139574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug metabolism and disposition are critical in maintaining the chemical and functional homeostasis of xenobiotics/drugs and endobiotics. The liver plays an essential role in drug metabolism and disposition due to its abundant expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and transporters. There is growing evidence to suggest that many hepatic and systemic diseases can affect drug metabolism and disposition by regulating the expression and/or activity of DMEs and transporters in the liver. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the recent progress on the regulation of DMEs by local and systemic liver injuries. Liver ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) and sepsis are used as examples of local and systemic injury, respectively. The reciprocal effect of the expression and activity of DMEs on animals' sensitivity to local and systemic liver injuries is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Local and systemic liver injuries have a major effect on the expression and activity of DMEs in the liver. Understanding the disease effect on DMEs is clinically important due to the concern of disease-drug interactions. Future studies are necessary to understand the mechanism by which liver injury regulates DMEs. Human studies are also urgently needed in order to determine whether the results in animals can be replicated in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- a Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.,b Department of Pathology , Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Bingfang Hu
- a Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.,c Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yang Xie
- a Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- d Department of Surgery , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Jason L Sperry
- d Department of Surgery , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Min Huang
- c Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wen Xie
- a Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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Nagai K, Yoshida N, Kiyama M, Kasahara K, Yamamura A, Konishi H. Decreased elimination clearance of midazolam by doxorubicin through reductions in the metabolic activity of hepatic CYP3A in rats. Xenobiotica 2015; 45:874-80. [PMID: 26053556 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1027971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
1. We examined the effects of doxorubicin (DOX) on the expression level and metabolic activity of CYP3A in the liver as well as on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam (MDZ), a probe for CYP3A, in rats. Changes in the hepatic status of DOX-treated rats were confirmed. 2. Serum levels of the biomarkers of hepatic impairment were elevated by the DOX treatment, which was consistent with the results obtained from a histopathological evaluation of the liver. 3. No significant difference was observed in the expression of proteins for hepatic CYP3A1 and CYP3A2 between the DOX and control groups. The metabolic production of 1'-hydroxylated and 4'-hydroxylated MDZ by hepatic microsomes was significantly lower in DOX-treated rats than in control rats. 4. The area under the curve (AUC) and the half-life (t1/2) of intravenously administered MDZ were significantly increased, and the total clearance (CLtot) and the elimination rate constant at the terminal phase (ke) were significantly decreased without significant changes in the volume of distribution at a steady state (Vdss). 5. These results indicated that a DOX-induced depression in the metabolic activity, but not expression level of CYP3A contributed to a decrease in the elimination clearance of MDZ, and also that reduced CYP3A function may be associated with the hepatotoxicity of DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhito Nagai
- a Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Osaka Ohtani University , Tondabayashi , Japan
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Zhang C, Xu Y, Gao P, Lu J, Li X, Liu D. Down-regulation of carboxylesterases 1 and 2 plays an important role in prodrug metabolism in immunological liver injury rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 24:153-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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11
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Establishment of metabolism and transport pathways in the rodent and human fetal liver. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:23801-27. [PMID: 24322441 PMCID: PMC3876079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141223801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate fate of drugs and chemicals in the body is largely regulated by hepatic uptake, metabolism, and excretion. The liver acquires the functional ability to metabolize and transport chemicals during the perinatal period of development. Research using livers from fetal and juvenile rodents and humans has begun to reveal the timing, key enzymes and transporters, and regulatory factors that are responsible for the establishment of hepatic phase I and II metabolism as well as transport. The majority of this research has been limited to relative mRNA and protein quantification. However, the recent utilization of novel technology, such as RNA-Sequencing, and the improved availability and refinement of functional activity assays, has begun to provide more definitive information regarding the extent of hepatic drug disposition in the developing fetus. The goals of this review are to provide an overview of the early regulation of the major phase I and II enzymes and transporters in rodent and human livers and to highlight potential mechanisms that control the ontogeny of chemical metabolism and excretion pathways.
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12
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Chen YH, Zhao M, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang H, Huang YY, Wang Z, Zhang ZH, Zhang C, Xu DX. Zinc supplementation during pregnancy protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced fetal growth restriction and demise through its anti-inflammatory effect. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:454-63. [PMID: 22661087 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
LPS is associated with adverse developmental outcomes, including preterm delivery, fetal death, teratogenicity, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Previous reports showed that zinc protected against LPS-induced teratogenicity. In the current study, we investigated the effects of zinc supplementation during pregnancy on LPS-induced preterm delivery, fetal death and IUGR. All pregnant mice except controls were i.p. injected with LPS (75 μg/kg) daily from gestational day (GD) 15 to GD17. Some pregnant mice were administered zinc sulfate through drinking water (75 mg elemental Zn per liter) throughout the pregnancy. As expected, an i.p. injection with LPS daily from GD15 to GD17 resulted in 36.4% (4/11) of dams delivered before GD18. In dams that completed the pregnancy, 63.2% of fetuses were dead. Moreover, LPS significantly reduced fetal weight and crown-rump length. Of interest, zinc supplementation during pregnancy protected mice from LPS-induced preterm delivery and fetal death. In addition, zinc supplementation significantly alleviated LPS-induced IUGR and skeletal development retardation. Further experiments showed that zinc supplementation significantly attenuated LPS-induced expression of placental inflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase-2. Zinc supplementation also significantly attenuated LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling in mononuclear sinusoidal trophoblast giant cells of the labyrinth zone. It inhibited LPS-induced placental AKT phosphorylation as well. In conclusion, zinc supplementation during pregnancy protects against LPS-induced fetal growth restriction and demise through its anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hua Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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13
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Casey SC, Blumberg B. The steroid and xenobiotic receptor negatively regulates B-1 cell development in the fetal liver. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:916-25. [PMID: 22496360 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) (also known as pregnane X receptor or PXR) is a broad-specificity nuclear hormone receptor that is well known for its role in drug and xenobiotic metabolism. SXR is activated by a wide variety of endobiotics, dietary compounds, pharmaceuticals, and xenobiotic chemicals. SXR is expressed at its highest levels in the liver and intestine yet is found in lower levels in other tissues, where its roles are less understood. We previously demonstrated that SXR(-/-) mice demonstrate elevated nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity and overexpression of NF-κB target genes and that SXR(-/-) mice develop lymphoma derived from B-1 lymphocytes in an age-dependent manner. In this work, we show that fetal livers in SXR(-/-) mice display elevated expression of NF-κB target genes and possess a significantly larger percentage of B-1 progenitor cells in the fetal liver. Furthermore, in utero activation of SXR in wild-type mice reduces the B-1 progenitor populations in the embryonic liver and reduces the size of the B-1 cell compartment in adult animals that were treated in utero. This suggests that activation of SXR during development may permanently alter the immune system of animals exposed in utero, demonstrating a novel role for SXR in the generation of B-1 cell precursors in the fetal liver. These data support our previous findings that SXR functions as a tumor suppressor in B-1 lymphocytes and establish a unique role for SXR as a modulator of developmental hematopoiesis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Casey
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
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14
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Cui JY, Renaud HJ, Klaassen CD. Ontogeny of novel cytochrome P450 gene isoforms during postnatal liver maturation in mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1226-37. [PMID: 22446519 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.042697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ontogeny of the first four families of cytochromes P450 (P450s) (i.e., Cyp1-Cyp4) can affect the biotransformation of drugs and dietary chemicals in liver, resulting in unique pharmacological reactions in children. Because genome-scale investigations have identified many novel P450 isoforms, it is critical to perform a systematic characterization of these P450s during liver development. In this study, livers were collected from C57BL/6 mice 2 days before birth and at various postnatal ages (0-45 days of age). The mRNA levels for 75 P450 isoforms (Cyp1-Cyp4) were quantified with branched DNA assays and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays. More than half of the mouse P450s are conserved in humans, but there are more isoforms in mice. The P450 mRNA levels increased after birth in mouse liver, forming four distinct ontogenic patterns. The majority of P450s form a total of eight genomic clusters, namely, Cyp1a1 and Cyp1a2 genes on chromosome 9 (cluster 1), Cyp2a, Cyp2b, Cyp2f, Cyp2g, and Cyp2t genes on chromosome 7 (cluster 2), Cyp2c genes on chromosome 19 (cluster 3), Cyp2d genes on chromosome 15 (cluster 4), Cyp2j genes on chromosome 4 (cluster 5), Cyp3a genes on chromosome 5 (cluster 6), Cyp4a, Cyp4b, and Cyp4x genes on chromosome 4 (cluster 7), and Cyp4f genes on chromosome 17 (cluster 8). Some P450 isoforms within the same genomic cluster showed similar ontogenic patterns. In conclusion, the present study revealed four patterns of ontogeny for P450s in liver and showed that many P450s within a genomic cluster exhibited similar ontogenic patterns, which suggests that some P450s within a cluster are likely regulated by a common pathway during liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160-7417, USA
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Xin QQ, Yong Huang, Jie Li, Zhang WJ, Tao Yu, Hua Wang, Cheng Zhang, Ye DQ, Fen Huang. Apoptosis contributes to testicular toxicity induced by two isomers of bromopropanes. Toxicol Ind Health 2010; 26:513-24. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233710373083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the different testicular toxicity and the role of apoptosis in the possible mechanism induced by the two isomers of bromopropanes (BPs) in the same dosage. Following the 14-day treatment with a single dose of 1-BP and 2-BP (1 g/kg), male rats were killed and a series of experiments were performed. 1-BP and 2-BP both significantly decreased the epididymal sperm count, while only 2-BP induced an increase in sperms with abnormal heads. Morphological evaluation showed that 1-BP did not cause morphological changes in seminiferous epithelium, but 2-BP treatment resulted in the disappearance of spermatogonia, atrophy of the seminiferous tubules and degeneration of germ cells. 2-BP significantly increased the TUNEL-positive cells and the activation of caspase-3 and decreased the genes and proteins expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and p53. In contrast, there were no significant changes in the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins in 1-BP group, though the TUNEL-positive cells were significantly increased. Taken together, this study indicated that those two isomers both have toxicity in male rats, however, the testicular toxicity and the role of apoptosis in the toxic mechanism induced by 1-BP and 2-BP may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Xin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, China
| | - Wan-Jun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, China,
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