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Geng XY, Wang MK, Hou XC, Wang ZF, Wang Y, Zhang DY, Danso B, Wei DB, Shou ZY, Xiao L, Yang JS. Comparative Analysis of Tentacle Extract and Nematocyst Venom: Toxicity, Mechanism, and Potential Intervention in the Giant Jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:362. [PMID: 39195478 DOI: 10.3390/md22080362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai sting can cause local and systemic reactions; however, comparative analysis of the tentacle extract (TE) and nematocyst venom extract (NV), and its toxicity, mechanism, and potential intervention are still limited. This study compared venom from TE and NV for their composition, toxicity, and efficacy in vitro and in vivo used RAW264.7 cells and ICR mice. A total of 239 and 225 toxin proteins were identified in TE and NV by proteomics, respectively. Pathological analysis revealed that TE and NV caused heart and liver damage through apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammation, while TE exhibited higher toxicity ex vivo and in vivo. Biochemical markers indicated TE and NV elevated creatine kinase, lactatedehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase, with the TE group showing a more significant increase. Transcriptomics and Western blotting indicated both venoms increased cytokines expression and MAPK signaling pathways. Additionally, 1 mg/kg PACOCF3 (the phospholipase A2 inhibitor) improved survival from 16.7% to 75% in mice. Our results indicate that different extraction methods impact venom activities, tentacle autolysis preserves toxin proteins and their toxicity, and PACOCF3 is a potential antidote, which establishes a good extraction method of jellyfish venom, expands our understanding of jellyfish toxicity, mechanism, and provides a promising intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Geng
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Ming-Ke Wang
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Hou
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zeng-Fa Wang
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Die-Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Blessing Danso
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dun-Biao Wei
- Unit 92196 of the People's Liberation Army, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Zhao-Yong Shou
- Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ji-Shun Yang
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
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Guo X, Fu Y, Peng J, Fu Y, Dong S, Ding RB, Qi X, Bao J. Emerging anticancer potential and mechanisms of snake venom toxins: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131990. [PMID: 38704067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Animal-derived venom, like snake venom, has been proven to be valuable natural resources for the drug development. Previously, snake venom was mainly investigated in its pharmacological activities in regulating coagulation, vasodilation, and cardiovascular function, and several marketed cardiovascular drugs were successfully developed from snake venom. In recent years, snake venom fractions have been demonstrated with anticancer properties of inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death, restraining proliferation, suppressing angiogenesis, inhibiting cell adhesion and migration, improving immunity, and so on. A number of active anticancer enzymes and peptides have been identified from snake venom toxins, such as L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), metalloproteinases (MPs), three-finger toxins (3FTxs), serine proteinases (SPs), disintegrins, C-type lectin-like proteins (CTLPs), cell-penetrating peptides, cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs). In this review, we focus on summarizing these snake venom-derived anticancer components on their anticancer activities and underlying mechanisms. We will also discuss their potential to be developed as anticancer drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanfeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Junbo Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ren-Bo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Xingzhu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jiaolin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
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Huancahuire-Vega S, Hollanda LM, Gomes-Heleno M, Newball-Noriega EE, Marangoni S. ACP-TX-I and ACP-TX-II, Two Novel Phospholipases A 2 Isolated from Trans-Pecos Copperhead Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster Venom: Biochemical and Functional Characterization. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110661. [PMID: 31739403 PMCID: PMC6891687 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reports the purification and biochemical and functional characterization of ACP-TX-I and ACP-TX-II, two phospholipases A2 (PLA2) from Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster venom. Both PLA2s were highly purified by a single chromatographic step on a C18 reverse phase HPLC column. Various peptide sequences from these two toxins showed similarity to those of other PLA2 toxins from viperid snake venoms. ACP-TX-I belongs to the catalytically inactive K49 PLA2 class, while ACP-TX-II is a D49 PLA2, and is enzymatically active. ACP-TX-I PLA2 is monomeric, which results in markedly diminished myotoxic and inflammatory activities when compared with dimeric K49 PLA2s, confirming the hypothesis that dimeric structure contributes heavily to the profound myotoxicity of the most active viperid K49 PLA2s. ACP-TX-II exhibits the main pharmacological actions reported for this protein family, including in vivo local myotoxicity, edema-forming activity, and in vitro cytotoxicity. ACP-TX-I PLA2 is cytotoxic to A549 lung carcinoma cells, indicating that cytotoxicity to these tumor cells does not require enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomón Huancahuire-Vega
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión (UPeU), Lima 15, Peru;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +51-9-9757-4011
| | - Luciana M. Hollanda
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Universidade Tiradentes (UNIT), Aracaju 49032-490, SE, Brazil;
| | - Mauricio Gomes-Heleno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (M.G.-H.); (S.M.)
| | - Edda E. Newball-Noriega
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión (UPeU), Lima 15, Peru;
| | - Sergio Marangoni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (M.G.-H.); (S.M.)
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Morphine Antidependence of Erythroxylum cuneatum (Miq.) Kurz in Neurotransmission Processes In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3517209. [PMID: 27974903 PMCID: PMC5128720 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3517209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Opiate abuse has been studied to cause adaptive changes observed in the presynaptic release and the mediated-synaptic plasticity proteins. The involvement of neuronal SNARE proteins reveals the role of the neurotransmitter release in expressing the opioid actions. The present study was designed to determine the effect of the alkaloid extract of Erythroxylum cuneatum (E. cuneatum) against chronic morphine and the influences of E. cuneatum on neurotransmission processes observed in vitro. The human neuroblastoma cell line, SK-N-SH, was treated with the morphine, methadone, or E. cuneatum. The cell lysates were collected and tested for α-synuclein, calmodulin, vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP 2), and synaptotagmin 1. The extract of E. cuneatum was observed to upregulate the decreased expression of dependence proteins, namely, α-synuclein and calmodulin. The effects were comparable to methadone and control. The expressions of VAMP 2 and synaptotagmin 1 were normalised by the plant and methadone. The extract of E. cuneatum was postulated to treat dependence symptoms after chronic morphine and improve the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptor (SNARE) protein involved in synaptic vesicle after.
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An Asp49 phospholipase A2 from snake venom induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production via activation of NF-κB, p38MAPK, and PKC in macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:105879. [PMID: 24808633 PMCID: PMC3997854 DOI: 10.1155/2014/105879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are key enzymes for production of lipid mediators. We previously demonstrated that a snake venom sPLA2 named MT-III leads to prostaglandin (PG)E2 biosynthesis in macrophages by inducing the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Herein, we explored the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways leading to these MT-III-induced effects. Results demonstrated that MT-III induced activation of the transcription factor NF-κB in isolated macrophages. By using NF-κB selective inhibitors, the involvement of this factor in MT-III-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production was demonstrated. Moreover, MT-III-induced COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 release were attenuated by pretreatment of macrophages with SB202190, and Ly294002, and H-7-dihydro compounds, indicating the involvement of p38MAPK, PI3K, and PKC pathways, respectively. Consistent with this, MT-III triggered early phosphorylation of p38MAPK, PI3K, and PKC. Furthermore, SB202190, H-7-dihydro, but not Ly294002 treatment, abrogated activation of NF-κB induced by MT-III. Altogether, these results show for the first time that the induction of COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 release, which occur via NF-κB activation induced by the sPLA2-MT-III in macrophages, are modulated by p38MAPK and PKC, but not by PI3K signaling proteins.
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Allard-Chamard H, Haroun S, de Brum-Fernandes AJ. Secreted phospholipase A2 type II is present in Paget's disease of bone and modulates osteoclastogenesis, apoptosis and bone resorption of human osteoclasts independently of its catalytic activity in vitro. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 90:39-45. [PMID: 24411720 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the role of secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) in the pathophysiology of human osteoclasts (OCs). METHODS Immunohistochemistry and sPLA2 inhibitors were to determine the localization of sPLA2 and its role in OCs biology. RESULTS sPLA2 is expressed by OCs from healthy fetal bone and OCs from Paget's disease but not in normal bone. Inhibition of sPLA2 greatly reduces in vitro osteoclastogenesis. DISCUSSION The decrease in OCs formed could be attributed to a decline in the viability of CD14(+) OC precursors as well as a reduced viability of mature OCs. Inhibition of sPLA2 strongly decreases bone resorption by OCs independently of actin cytoskeleton remodeling, probably also by reducing OCs viability. CONCLUSION High amounts of this enzyme are present in fetal and Pagetic bone samples. Inhibition of sPLA2in vitro decreases osteoclastogenesis and OC activity and might constitute an interesting pharmacologic target for diseases with high bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Allard-Chamard
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001-12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Sonia Haroun
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001-12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Artur J de Brum-Fernandes
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001-12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4.
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Guo L, Du H, Yan S, Wu X, McKhann GM, Chen JX, Yan SS. Cyclophilin D deficiency rescues axonal mitochondrial transport in Alzheimer's neurons. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54914. [PMID: 23382999 PMCID: PMC3561411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal axonal mitochondrial transport and function is essential for the maintenance of synaptic function. Abnormal mitochondrial motility and mitochondrial dysfunction within axons are critical for amyloid β (Aβ)-induced synaptic stress and the loss of synapses relevant to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms controlling axonal mitochondrial function and transport alterations in AD remain elusive. Here, we report an unexplored role of cyclophilin D (CypD)-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in Aβ-impaired axonal mitochondrial trafficking. Depletion of CypD significantly protects axonal mitochondrial motility and dynamics from Aβ toxicity as shown by increased axonal mitochondrial density and distribution and improved bidirectional transport of axonal mitochondria. Notably, blockade of mPTP by genetic deletion of CypD suppresses Aβ-mediated activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, reverses axonal mitochondrial abnormalities, improves synaptic function, and attenuates loss of synapse, suggesting a role of CypD-dependent signaling in Aβ-induced alterations in axonal mitochondrial trafficking. The potential mechanisms of the protective effects of lacking CypD on Aβ-induced abnormal mitochondrial transport in axon are increased axonal calcium buffer capability, diminished reactive oxygen species (ROS), and suppressing downstream signal transduction P38 activation. These findings provide new insights into CypD-dependent mitochondrial mPTP and signaling on mitochondrial trafficking in axons and synaptic degeneration in an environment enriched for Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Shiqiang Yan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Physicians & Surgeons College of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Guy M. McKhann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Physicians & Surgeons College of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John Xi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shirley ShiDu Yan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
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A comparative study of the effects of venoms from five rear-fanged snake species on the growth of Leishmania major: Identification of a protein with inhibitory activity against the parasite. Toxicon 2011; 58:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chen KC, Kao PH, Lin SR, Chang LS. Upregulation of Fas and FasL in Taiwan cobra phospholipase A2-treated human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells through ROS- and Ca2+-mediated p38 MAPK activation. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:93-102. [PMID: 19009558 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to elucidate the signaling pathway involved in death of human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells induced by Naja naja atra phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)). Upon exposure to PLA(2), p38 MAPK activation, ERK inactivation, ROS generation, increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, and upregulation of Fas and FasL were found in SK-N-SH cells. SB202190 (p38MAPK inhibitor) suppressed upregulation of Fas and FasL. N-Acetylcysteine (ROS scavenger) and BAPTA-AM (Ca(2+) chelator) abrogated p38 MAPK activation and upregulation of Fas and FasL expression, but restored phosphorylation of ERK. Activated ERK was found to attenuate p38 MAPK-mediated upregulation of Fas and FasL. Deprivation of catalytic activity could not diminish PLA(2)-induced cell death and Fas/FasL upregulation. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine was not related to the expression of Fas and FasL. Taken together, our results indicate that PLA(2)-induced cell death is, in part, elicited by upregulation of Fas and FasL, which is regulated by Ca(2+)- and ROS-evoked p38 MAPK activation, and suggest that non-catalytic PLA(2) plays a role for the signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ku-Chung Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University-Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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