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Wang CL, Li P, Liu B, Ma YQ, Feng JX, Xu YN, Liu L, Li ZH. Decrypting the skeletal toxicity of vertebrates caused by environmental pollutants from an evolutionary perspective: From fish to mammals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119173. [PMID: 38763280 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The rapid development of modern society has led to an increasing severity in the generation of new pollutants and the significant emission of old pollutants, exerting considerable pressure on the ecological environment and posing a serious threat to both biological survival and human health. The skeletal system, as a vital supportive structure and functional unit in organisms, is pivotal in maintaining body shape, safeguarding internal organs, storing minerals, and facilitating blood cell production. Although previous studies have uncovered the toxic effects of pollutants on vertebrate skeletal systems, there is a lack of comprehensive literature reviews in this field. Hence, this paper systematically summarizes the toxic effects and mechanisms of environmental pollutants on the skeletons of vertebrates based on the evolutionary context from fish to mammals. Our findings reveal that current research mainly focuses on fish and mammals, and the identified impact mechanisms mainly involve the regulation of bone signaling pathways, oxidative stress response, endocrine system disorders, and immune system dysfunction. This study aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic understanding of research on skeletal toxicity, while also promoting further research and development in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun-Long Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Yu-Qing Ma
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Jian-Xue Feng
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Ya-Nan Xu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
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Brankovič J, Leskovec J, Šturm S, Cerkvenik-Flajs V, Šterpin S, Osredkar J, Pogorevc E, Antolinc D, Vrecl M. Experimental Exposure to Bisphenol A Has Minimal Effects on Bone Tissue in Growing Rams—A Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172179. [PMID: 36077899 PMCID: PMC9454980 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known synthetic compound that belongs to the group of chemicals that disrupt the endocrine system in humans and animals. Although bones represent a potential target for these compounds, studies investigating BPA-related effects in bones in large farm animals are limited. We exposed young rams aged 9–12 months to BPA through feed for 64 days and investigated the effects of BPA on bone length, mass, microscopic structure, mineral content, strength, and serum bone parameters. We discovered that BPA had no significant effects on most of the parameters studied. Only manganese was decreased, and copper increased in the femurs of the BPA-exposed rams. These results suggest that a 2-month, low-dose exposure to BPA in growing rams did not affect the macro- and microstructure, metabolism, and biomechanical behavior of femur bones; however, it did affect the composition of microelements in bone, which could affect the bone in the long term. Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known synthetic compound that belongs to the group of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Although bone tissue is a target for these compounds, studies on BPA-related effects on bone morphology in farm animals are limited. In this preliminary study, we investigated the effects of short-term dietary BPA exposure on femoral morphology, metabolism, mineral content, and biomechanical behavior in rams aged 9–12 months. Fourteen rams of the Istrian Pramenka breed were randomly divided into a BPA group and a control group (seven rams/group) and exposed to 25 µg BPA/kg bw for 64 days in feed. Blood was collected for determination of bone turnover markers (procollagen N-terminal propeptide, C-terminal telopeptide), and femurs were assessed via computed tomography, histomorphometry, three-point bending test, and mineral analysis. BPA had no significant effects on most of the parameters studied. Only mineral analysis showed decreased manganese (50%; p ≤ 0.05) and increased copper content (25%; p ≤ 0.05) in the femurs of BPA-exposed rams. These results suggest that a 2-month, low-dose exposure to BPA in growing rams did not affect the histomorphology, metabolism, and biomechanical behavior of femurs; however, it affected the composition of microelements, which could affect the histometric and biophysical properties of bone in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Brankovič
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
| | - Jakob Leskovec
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Sabina Šturm
- Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Cerkvenik-Flajs
- Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saša Šterpin
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joško Osredkar
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Estera Pogorevc
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Cesta v Mestni log 47, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Antolinc
- Chair for Testing in Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Alarcón S, Esteban J, Roos R, Heikkinen P, Sánchez-Pérez I, Adamsson A, Toppari J, Koskela A, Finnilä MAJ, Tuukkanen J, Herlin M, Hamscher G, Leslie HA, Korkalainen M, Halldin K, Schrenk D, Håkansson H, Viluksela M. Endocrine, metabolic and apical effects of in utero and lactational exposure to non-dioxin-like 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-heptachlorobiphenyl (PCB 180): A postnatal follow-up study in rats. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 102:109-127. [PMID: 33992733 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PCB 180 is a persistent and abundant non-dioxin-like PCB (NDL-PCB). We determined the developmental toxicity profile of ultrapure PCB 180 in developing offspring following in utero and lactational exposure with the focus on endocrine, metabolic and retinoid system alterations. Pregnant rats were given total doses of 0, 10, 30, 100, 300 or 1000 mg PCB 180/kg bw on gestational days 7-10 by oral gavage, and the offspring were sampled on postnatal days (PND) 7, 35 and 84. Decreased serum testosterone and triiodothyronine concentrations on PND 84, altered liver retinoid levels, increased liver weights and induced 7-pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (PROD) activity were the sensitive effects used for margin of exposure (MoE) calculations. Liver weights were increased together with induction of the metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B1, CYP3A1, and CYP1A1. Less sensitive effects included decreased serum estradiol and increased luteinizing hormone levels in females, decreased prostate and seminal vesicle weight and increased pituitary weight in males, increased cortical bone area and thickness of tibial diaphysis in females and decreased cortical bone mineral density in males. Developmental toxicity profiles were partly different in male and female offspring, males being more sensitive to increased liver weight, PROD induction and decreased thyroxine concentrations. MoE assessment indicated that the 95th percentile of current maternal PCB 180 concentrations do not exceed the estimated tolerable human lipid-based PCB 180 concentration. Although PCB 180 is much less potent than dioxin-like compounds, it shares several toxicological targets suggesting a potential for interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Alarcón
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Esteban
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain.
| | - Robert Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Päivi Heikkinen
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 95, Kuopio, FI-70701, Finland
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Annika Adamsson
- Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Antti Koskela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko A J Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Tuukkanen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Herlin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerd Hamscher
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, D-35392, Germany
| | - Heather A Leslie
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, NL-1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Merja Korkalainen
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 95, Kuopio, FI-70701, Finland
| | - Krister Halldin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dieter Schrenk
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, D-67663, Germany
| | - Helen Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matti Viluksela
- School of Pharmacy (Toxicology), Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Brankovič J, Jan J, Fazarinc G, Vrecl M. Bone tissue morphology of rat offspring lactationally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyl 169 and 155. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19016. [PMID: 33149271 PMCID: PMC7642367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous, persistent, organic pollutants also considered endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Our study examined the effects of lactational exposure to nondioxin-like PCB-155 and/or dioxin-like PCB-169 on longitudinal femur growth at the distal epiphyseal growth plate (EGP) in young rats at three different ages [postnatal days (PNDs) 9, 22, and 42]. After delivery, lactating rats were divided into four groups (PCB-169, PCB-155, PCB-155 + 169, and control) and administered PCBs intraperitoneally. The femurs of offspring were used to estimate growth rate (µm/day), and histomorphometric analysis on the distal femur included the thickness of the EGP and zones of proliferation and hypertrophy with calcification. Stereometry was used to determine trabecular bone volume density. In the PCB-169 and PCB-155 + 169 groups, PCB-169 affected longitudinal bone growth in the early postnatal period by interfering with chondrocytes in the EGP zone of proliferation and, to a lesser extent, the zone of hypertrophy. Morphometric alterations in EGP structure diminished until puberty. A slow growth rate persisted in the PCB-169 group until PND 42, while in the PCB-155 group, a fast growth rate between PNDs 9 to 22 was significantly reduced between PNDs 22 to 42. Sterometric assessment showed decreased trabecular bone volume in the PCB-155 + 169 group compared with that in the control on PND 9 and increased in the PCB-169 group compared with that in the PCB-155 group on PND 42. To summarize, studied PCB congeners exerted congener- and age-dependent effects on femur growth rate and its histomorphometric characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Brankovič
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Janja Jan
- Department of Dental Diseases and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Fazarinc
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Brankovič J, Fazarinc G, Antanasova M, Jevnikar P, Jan J, Anders I, Pavšič Vrtač K, Jakovac Strajn B, Antolinc D, Vrecl M. Lactational exposure to dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl 169 and nondioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl 155: Effects on rat femur growth, biomechanics and mineral composition. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:106-113. [PMID: 31078017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are persistent lipophilic environmental pollutants, has a variety of adverse effects on wildlife and human health, including bone mineralization, growth and mechanical strength. The present study evaluated the effects of lactational exposure to nondioxin-like PCB-155 and dioxin-like PCB-169, individually and in combination, on pubertal rat femur development and its biomechanics. After offspring delivery, Wistar rat mothers were divided into four groups, i.e., PCB-169, PCB-155, PCB-155+169 and control, and were administered PCBs intraperitoneally. Data on bone geometry, biomechanics and mineral composition were obtained by analysis of femurs from 42-day-old offspring by microCT scanning, three-point bending test and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Decreased somatic mass and femur size, i.e., mass, periosteal circumference and cross sectional area, were observed in the PCB-169 and PCB-155 groups. Additionally, lactational exposure to planar PCB-169 resulted in harder and more brittle bones containing higher amounts of minerals. Combined exposure to structurally and functionally different PCBs demonstrated only mild alterations in bone width and mineralization. To conclude, our results demonstrated that alterations, observed on postnatal day 42, were primarily induced by PCB-169, while toxicity from both of the individual congeners may have been reduced in the combined group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Brankovič
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Gregor Fazarinc
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Antanasova
- Department of Prosthodontics and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Jevnikar
- Department of Prosthodontics and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Jan
- Department of Dental Diseases and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ines Anders
- CF Alternative Biomodels and Preclinical Imaging, Department for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, Graz, Austria
| | - Katarina Pavšič Vrtač
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Department of Environment, Animal Nutrition, Welfare and Hygiene, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Breda Jakovac Strajn
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Department of Environment, Animal Nutrition, Welfare and Hygiene, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Antolinc
- Chair for Testing in Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Brankovič J, Jovanovski S, Jevnikar P, Hofmeister A, Reininger-Gutmann B, Jan J, Grošelj M, Osredkar J, Uršič M, Fazarinc G, Pogačnik A, Vrecl M. Alterations in geometry, biomechanics, and mineral composition of juvenile rat femur induced by nonplanar PCB-155 and/or planar PCB-169. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1135-1146. [PMID: 27393578 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to widespread lipophilic and bioaccumulative polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) induces diverse biochemical and toxicological responses in various organs, including the bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in growth rate, geometry, serum, and bone biochemical parameters and biomechanics of juvenile rat femur induced by lactational exposure to nonplanar PCB-155 and planar PCB-169 individually and in combination. Fifteen lactating Wistar rats were divided into four groups (PCB-169, PCB-155, PCB-155+169, and control), and PCBs were administered intraperitoneally at different time points after delivery. Femurs from 22-day-old offspring were analyzed by microCT, three-point bending test and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to obtain data on bone geometry, biomechanics and mineral composition. The serum levels of calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were also determined. Lactational exposure to planar PCB-169 resulted in shorter and thinner femurs, reduced endosteal and periosteal perimeters, smaller total cross-sectional and medullary areas, and lowered serum bone marker levels and calcium levels in the bone, while femur mechanical properties were not significantly altered. The changes observed in the combination exposure (PCB-155+169) group were similar to those observed in the PCB-169 group but were less pronounced. In summary, our results demonstrate that alterations in lactationally exposed offspring were primarily induced by planar PCB-169. The milder outcome in the combined group suggested that the PCB-169-mediated toxic effects on the bone might be reduced by a nonplanar PCB-155 congener. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1135-1146, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Brankovič
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Sašo Jovanovski
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Vodnjanska 17, Skopje, 1000, Macedonia
| | - Peter Jevnikar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Alexander Hofmeister
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Birgit Reininger-Gutmann
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Janja Jan
- Department of Dental Diseases and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Maja Grošelj
- Department of Dental Diseases and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Joško Osredkar
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Njegoševa 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Uršič
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Fazarinc
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Azra Pogačnik
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
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Flöter VL, Galateanu G, Fürst RW, Seidlová-Wuttke D, Wuttke W, Möstl E, Hildebrandt TB, Ulbrich SE. Sex-specific effects of low-dose gestational estradiol-17β exposure on bone development in porcine offspring. Toxicology 2016; 366-367:60-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fukushi JI, Tokunaga S, Nakashima Y, Motomura G, Mitoma C, Uchi H, Furue M, Iwamoto Y. Effects of dioxin-related compounds on bone mineral density in patients affected by the Yusho incident. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 145:25-33. [PMID: 26650575 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to dioxin-related compounds results in many adverse health effects. Several studies have examined the effects of dioxin-related compounds on human bone metabolism with inconsistent results. In Japan in 1968, accidental human exposure to rice oil contaminated with dioxin-related compounds led to the development of Yusho oil disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to dioxin-related compounds was associated with bone mineral density in Yusho patients. In 2010, 262 women and 227 men underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone scans as part of the nationwide Yusho health examination. Serum levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls were measured using high-resolution gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry. When adjusted for prefecture, 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF were significantly positively associated with Z-scores in men. No congeners were positively associated with Z-scores in women. After adjustment for prefecture and body mass index, one congener, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, was negatively associated with Z-scores in women. In contrast, no congeners remained significant in men after adjusting for body mass index. This may suggest that 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD has a negative effect on bone mineral density in women; however, the findings should be interpreted carefully, because no increase in the serum level of this congener was observed in patients with Yusho disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Fukushi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Shoji Tokunaga
- Medical Information Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Maidashi3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Goro Motomura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chikage Mitoma
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yukihide Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Khalil N, Chen A, Lee M, Czerwinski SA, Ebert JR, DeWitt JC, Kannan K. Association of Perfluoroalkyl Substances, Bone Mineral Density, and Osteoporosis in the U.S. Population in NHANES 2009-2010. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:81-7. [PMID: 26058082 PMCID: PMC4710590 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), are detectable in the serum of 95% of the U.S. OBJECTIVE Considering the role of PFASs as endocrine disruptors, we examined their relationships with bone health. METHODS The association between serum PFAS concentration and bone mineral density at total femur (TFBMD), femoral neck (FNBMD), lumbar spine (LSBMD), and physician-diagnosed osteoporosis was assessed in 1,914 participants using data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2009-2010. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 43 years. Men had higher serum PFAS concentrations than women (p < 0.001) except for PFNA. In both sexes, serum PFOS concentrations were inversely associated with FNBMD (p < 0.05). In women, significant negative associations were observed for natural log (ln)-transformed PFOS exposure with TFBMD and FNBMD, and for ln-transformed PFOA exposure with TFBMD (p < 0.05). In postmenopausal women, serum PFOS was negatively associated with TFBMD and FNBMD, and PFNA was negatively associated with TFBMD, FNBMD, and LSBMD (all p < 0.05). With one log unit increase in serum PFOA, PFHxS, and PFNA, osteoporosis prevalence in women increased as follows: [adjusted odds ratios (aORs)] 1.84 (95% CI: 1.17, 2.905), 1.64 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.38), and 1.45 (95% CI: 1.02, 2.05), respectively. In women, the prevalence of osteoporosis was significantly higher in the highest versus the lowest quartiles of PFOA, PFHxS, and PFNA, with aORs of 2.59 (95% CI: 1.01, 6.67), 13.20 (95% CI: 2.72, 64.15), and 3.23 (95% CI: 1.44, 7.21), respectively, based on 77 cases in the study sample. CONCLUSION In a representative sample of the U.S. adult population, serum PFAS concentrations were associated with lower bone mineral density, which varied according to the specific PFAS and bone site assessed. Most associations were limited to women. Osteoporosis in women was also associated with PFAS exposure, based on a small number of cases. CITATION Khalil N, Chen A, Lee M, Czerwinski SA, Ebert JR, DeWitt JC, Kannan K. 2016. Association of perfluoroalkyl substances, bone mineral density, and osteoporosis in the U.S. population in NHANES 2009-2010. Environ Health Perspect 124:81-87; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307909.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Khalil
- Center for Global Health, Department of Community Health, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
- Address correspondence to N. Khalil, 3123 Research Blvd., Suite #200, Center for Global Health, Department of Community Health, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45420-4006 USA. Telephone: (937) 258-5559. E-mail:
| | - Aimin Chen
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Miryoung Lee
- Lifespan Health Research Center, Department of Community Health, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Stefan A. Czerwinski
- Lifespan Health Research Center, Department of Community Health, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - James R. Ebert
- The Pediatric Lipid Clinic, Dayton Children’s Hospital, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Jamie C. DeWitt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
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10
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Viluksela M, Heikkinen P, van der Ven LTM, Rendel F, Roos R, Esteban J, Korkalainen M, Lensu S, Miettinen HM, Savolainen K, Sankari S, Lilienthal H, Adamsson A, Toppari J, Herlin M, Finnilä M, Tuukkanen J, Leslie HA, Hamers T, Hamscher G, Al-Anati L, Stenius U, Dervola KS, Bogen IL, Fonnum F, Andersson PL, Schrenk D, Halldin K, Håkansson H. Toxicological profile of ultrapure 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-heptachlorbiphenyl (PCB 180) in adult rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104639. [PMID: 25137063 PMCID: PMC4138103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PCB 180 is a persistent non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (NDL-PCB) abundantly present in food and the environment. Risk characterization of NDL-PCBs is confounded by the presence of highly potent dioxin-like impurities. We used ultrapure PCB 180 to characterize its toxicity profile in a 28-day repeat dose toxicity study in young adult rats extended to cover endocrine and behavioral effects. Using a loading dose/maintenance dose regimen, groups of 5 males and 5 females were given total doses of 0, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 or 1700 mg PCB 180/kg body weight by gavage. Dose-responses were analyzed using benchmark dose modeling based on dose and adipose tissue PCB concentrations. Body weight gain was retarded at 1700 mg/kg during loading dosing, but recovered thereafter. The most sensitive endpoint of toxicity that was used for risk characterization was altered open field behavior in females; i.e. increased activity and distance moved in the inner zone of an open field suggesting altered emotional responses to unfamiliar environment and impaired behavioral inhibition. Other dose-dependent changes included decreased serum thyroid hormones with associated histopathological changes, altered tissue retinoid levels, decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin, decreased follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels in males and increased expression of DNA damage markers in liver of females. Dose-dependent hypertrophy of zona fasciculata cells was observed in adrenals suggesting activation of cortex. There were gender differences in sensitivity and toxicity profiles were partly different in males and females. PCB 180 adipose tissue concentrations were clearly above the general human population levels, but close to the levels in highly exposed populations. The results demonstrate a distinct toxicological profile of PCB 180 with lack of dioxin-like properties required for assignment of WHO toxic equivalency factor. However, PCB 180 shares several toxicological targets with dioxin-like compounds emphasizing the potential for interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Viluksela
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Päivi Heikkinen
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leo T. M. van der Ven
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Filip Rendel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Esteban
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Merja Korkalainen
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna Lensu
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hanna M. Miettinen
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Satu Sankari
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hellmuth Lilienthal
- Center of Toxicology, IPA – Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine, German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Annika Adamsson
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Herlin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikko Finnilä
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Tuukkanen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heather A. Leslie
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo Hamers
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerd Hamscher
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lauy Al-Anati
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Stenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kine-Susann Dervola
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger-Lise Bogen
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Fonnum
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Dieter Schrenk
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Krister Halldin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helen Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Yachiguchi K, Matsumoto N, Haga Y, Suzuki M, Matsumura C, Tsurukawa M, Okuno T, Nakano T, Kawabe K, Kitamura KI, Toriba A, Hayakawa K, Chowdhury VS, Endo M, Chiba A, Sekiguchi T, Nakano M, Tabuchi Y, Kondo T, Wada S, Mishima H, Hattori A, Suzuki N. Polychlorinated biphenyl (118) activates osteoclasts and induces bone resorption in goldfish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:6365-72. [PMID: 23247518 PMCID: PMC4021165 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the effect of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 118 on fish bone metabolism, we examined osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities, as well as plasma calcium levels, in the scales of PCB (118)-injected goldfish. In addition, effect of PCB (118) on osteoclasts and osteoblasts was investigated in vitro. Immature goldfish, in which the endogenous effects of sex steroids are negligible, were used. PCB (118) was solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide at a concentration of 10 ppm. At 1 and 2 days after PCB (118) injection (100 ng/g body weight), both osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities, and plasma calcium levels were measured. In an in vitro study, then, both osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities as well as each marker mRNA expression were examined. At 2 days, scale osteoclastic activity in PCB (118)-injected goldfish increased significantly, while osteoblastic activity did not change significantly. Corresponding to osteoclastic activity, plasma calcium levels increased significantly at 2 days after PCB (118) administration. Osteoclastic activation also occurred in the marker enzyme activities and mRNA expressions in vitro. Thus, we conclude that PCB (118) disrupts bone metabolism in goldfish both in vivo and in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yachiguchi
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553 Japan
| | - Noriko Matsumoto
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553 Japan
| | - Yuki Haga
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037 Japan
| | - Motoharu Suzuki
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037 Japan
| | - Chisato Matsumura
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037 Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsurukawa
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037 Japan
| | - Toshihiro Okuno
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037 Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037 Japan
| | - Kimi Kawabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Kei-ichiro Kitamura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kodatsuno, Ishikawa 920-0942 Japan
| | - Akira Toriba
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Kazuichi Hayakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Vishwajit S. Chowdhury
- International Education Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
| | - Masato Endo
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477 Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Chiba
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo, 102-8554 Japan
| | - Toshio Sekiguchi
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553 Japan
| | - Masaki Nakano
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Shigehito Wada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mishima
- Department of Human Life Sciences, Kochi Gakuen College, Kochi, 780-0955 Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827 Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553 Japan
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12
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Miller I, Serchi T, Murk AJ, Gutleb AC. The added value of proteomics for toxicological studies. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2014; 17:225-246. [PMID: 24828453 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2014.904730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics has the potential to elucidate complex patterns of toxic action attributed to its unique holistic a posteriori approach. In the case of toxic compounds for which the mechanism of action is not completely understood, a proteomic approach may provide valuable mechanistic insight. This review provides an overview of currently available proteomic techniques, including examples of their application in toxicological in vivo and in vitro studies. Future perspectives for a wider application of state-of-the-art proteomic techniques in the field of toxicology are discussed. The examples concern experiments with dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers as model compounds, as they exhibit a plethora of sublethal effects, of which some mechanisms were revealed via successful proteomic studies. Generally, this review shows the added value of including proteomics in a modern tool box for toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Miller
- a Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Department for Biomedical Sciences , University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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13
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Krogenæs AK, Ropstad E, Gutleb AC, Hårdnes N, Berg V, Dahl E, Fowler PA. In utero exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of PCB 153 and PCB 118 disrupts fetal testis development in sheep. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:628-649. [PMID: 24754397 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.887426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are environmental pollutants linked to adverse health effects including endocrine disruption and disturbance of reproductive development. This study aimed to determine whether exposure of pregnant sheep to three different mixtures of PCB 153 and PCB 118 affected fetal testis development. Ewes were treated by oral gavage from mating until euthanasia (d 134), producing three groups of fetuses with distinct adipose tissue PCB levels: high PCB 153/low PCB 118 (n = 13), high PCB 118/low PCB 153 (n = 14), and low PCB 153/low PCB 118 (n = 14). Fetal testes and blood samples were collected for investigation of testosterone, testis morphology, and testis proteome. The body weight of the offspring was lower in the high PCB compared to the low PCB group, but there were no significant differences in testis weight between groups when corrected for body weight. PCB exposure did not markedly affect circulating testosterone. There were no significant differences between groups in number of seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cell only tubules, and ratio between relative areas of seminiferous tubules and interstitium. Two-dimensional (2D) gel-based proteomics was used to screen for proteomic alterations in the high exposed groups relative to low PCB 153/low PCB 118 group. Twenty-six significantly altered spots were identified by liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectroscopy (MS)/MS. Changes in protein regulation affected cellular processes as stress response, protein synthesis, and cytoskeleton regulation. The study demonstrates that in utero exposure to different environmental relevant PCB mixtures exerted subtle effects on developing fetal testis proteome but did not significantly disturb testis morphology and testosterone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette K Krogenæs
- a Department of Production Animal Sciences , Norwegian School Veterinary Science , Oslo , Norway
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14
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Kraugerud M, Aleksandersen M, Nyengaard JR, Ostby GC, Gutleb AC, Dahl E, Berg V, Farstad W, Schweder T, Skaare JU, Ropstad E. In utero and lactational exposure to PCB 118 and PCB 153 alter ovarian follicular dynamics and GnRH-induced luteinizing hormone secretion in female lambs. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2012; 27:623-634. [PMID: 21344607 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of in utero and lactational exposure to two structurally different polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners on follicular dynamics and the pituitary-gonadal axis in female lambs were investigated. Pregnant ewes received corn oil, PCB 118, or PCB 153, and offspring was maintained until 60 days postpartum. Ovarian follicles were quantified using stereology. Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured using radioimmunoassay before and after administration of a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analog. PCB 118 exposure increased numbers of transitional, secondary, and the sum of secondary, early antral, and antral (Σsecondary-antral) follicles, PCB 153 exposure only increased the number of primary follicles. GnRH-induced LH levels were significantly elevated in the PCB 153 exposure group. We conclude that PCB 153 and PCB 118 alter follicular dynamics in lambs and modulate the responsiveness of the pituitary gland to GnRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Kraugerud
- Department of Production Animal Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Postboks 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
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15
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An J, Zou W, Zhong Y, Zhang X, Wu M, Yu Z, Ye T. The toxic effects of Aroclor 1254 exposure on the osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 and its molecular mechanism. Toxicology 2012; 295:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Holliday DK, Holliday CM. The effects of the organopollutant PCB 126 on bone density in juvenile diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 109:228-233. [PMID: 22000338 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue with diverse functions including growth, structural support, pH balance and reproduction. These functions may be compromised in the presence of organopollutants that can alter bone properties. We exposed juvenile diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), a ubiquitous anthropogenic organochlorine, and measured organic content, apparent bone mineral density (aBMD) using radiography and computed tomography, and quantified bone microstructure using histological preparations of femora. PCB-exposed terrapins were smaller in total size. Skulls of exposed animals had a higher organic content and a skeletal phenotype more typical of younger animals. The femora of exposed individuals had significantly reduced aBMD and significantly more cortical area occupied by non-bone. Because bone is an integral component of physiology, the observed skeletal changes can have far-reaching impacts on feeding and locomotor performance, calcium reserves and ultimately life history traits and reproductive success. Additionally, we caution that measurements of bone morphology, density, and composition from field-collected animals need to account not only for relatedness and age, but also environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn K Holliday
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Appalachian Rural Health Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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17
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Elabbas LE, Herlin M, Finnilä MA, Rendel F, Stern N, Trossvik C, Bowers WJ, Nakai J, Tuukkanen J, Viluksela M, Heimeier RA, Åkesson A, Håkansson H. In utero and lactational exposure to Aroclor 1254 affects bone geometry, mineral density and biomechanical properties of rat offspring. Toxicol Lett 2011; 207:82-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Gutleb AC, Lilienthal H, Erhard HW, Zimmer KE, Skaare JU, Ropstad E. Effects of pre- and postnatal polychlorinated biphenyl exposure on emotional reactivity observed in lambs before weaning. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:1396-1401. [PMID: 21450342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Humans and animals are exposed to PCBs and influences on developmental and endocrine processes are among the most pronounced effects. In the present study it was hypothesised that exposure to PCBs may interfere with sexually dimorphic behaviour. To test this hypothesis, behavioural studies in developmentally exposed sheep were conducted. Ewes were orally administered PCB 153 (98 μg/kg bw day), PCB 118 (49 μg/kg bw day) or corn oil from conception until delivery. However, because of accidental cross-contamination occurring twice causing a mixed exposure scenario in all three groups, the focus of this paper is to compare three distinct groups of lambs with different PCB levels (PCB 153 high-PCB 153 h, PCB 118 high-PCB 118 h, and low combined group-LC) rather than comparing animals exposed to single PCB congeners to those of a control group. Lambs were tested between 2 and 6 weeks of age. When LC males started the light/dark choice test in a dark box, they spent significantly more time in the dark part of the pen than LC females. This gender-related difference was not found in groups exposed to PCBs. A significant inhibitory effect on the activity level of males exposed to stress of confinement was found in the PCB 118 h group. In a high stress situation females from PCB 118 h and males from PCB 153 h were less active than their gender counterparts. The results support the hypothesis that intrauterine exposure to PCBs can alter sexually dimorphic behaviour of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno C Gutleb
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Science, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, POB 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway
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19
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Berg V, Lyche JL, Gutleb AC, Lie E, Skaare JU, Aleksandersen M, Ropstad E. Distribution of PCB 118 and PCB 153 and hydroxylated PCB metabolites (OH-CBs) in maternal, fetal and lamb tissues of sheep exposed during gestation and lactation. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 80:1144-1150. [PMID: 20605042 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to gain knowledge about the disposition of the PCB congeners 118 and 153 in a sheep model where ewes were given oral doses of PCB in two consecutive gestations. The study aimed to investigate how maternal exposure with PCBs affected tissue concentrations in lambs and fetuses and to carry out time trend studies in ewes between gestations, as well as to increase the knowledge on metabolic processes by studying OH-metabolites. The results showed that the fetuses accumulated PCBs in levels and composition comparable to the ewes. The mean fetus/mother ratios of adipose tissue levels ranged from 0.71 to 0.82 for both PCB 118 and PCB 153 in the two exposure groups. Furthermore, the fetal brain/fat ratios ranged from 0.15 to 0.20 for both congeners. Body burden calculations (BB) showed that 16% and 43% of the total PCB 118 and PCB 153, respectively, still remained in ewes, lambs and fetuses after exposure during two gestations. The different accumulation of the two congeners is assumed to be a result of differences in metabolism. The present study demonstrate that high levels of PCB 118 and PCB 153 cross the placenta and accumulate in the fetal adipose tissue and brain thus exposing the fetus during vulnerable periods of extensive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidar Berg
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, POB 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
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