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Huang CY, Yen YH, Lin CH, Tsai YJ, Lin KC, Lin HP, Hsieh CH. Comparative Efficacy of Fractional CO 2 Laser Combined with Topical Steroid Cream versus Solution for Post-Thyroidectomy Scar Treatment: A Prospective Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1605. [PMID: 39201163 PMCID: PMC11353677 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12161605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Post-thyroidectomy scarring is a common illness impacting patient quality of life. Fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers and topical steroids delivered via laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD) have shown potential for scar treatment. However, ideal steroid formulations (cream vs. solution) when combined with laser therapy remain unclear. METHODS This study included 12 patients receiving fractional CO2 laser on post-thyroidectomy scars. After laser treatment, one scar half received topically applied steroid cream, while the other half received steroid solution. The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) was used to measure the scar conditions at the time prior to the first treatment and one year later by the patients themselves and by the surgeon who did the laser treatment. Scar appearance was photographically assessed at baseline and 6 months post-treatment by four blinded evaluators using scales. RESULTS This study discovered a modest improvement in the appearance of post-thyroidectomy scars when combining fractional CO2 laser treatment with either topical steroid cream or solution. Patients and treating physicians examined the POSAS scores one year after treatment found significant improvements in all aspects of the scar conditions, with high efficacy and satisfaction levels reported by patients. CONCLUSIONS Fractional CO2 laser combined with topical steroid delivery, either cream or solution form, significantly enhanced post-thyroidectomy scar appearance with modest effect and high patient satisfaction. This approach may represent a promising scar management strategy along with current scar treatment for the post-thyroidectomy scar.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ching-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (Y.-H.Y.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-J.T.); (K.-C.L.); (H.-P.L.)
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Khoshbin E, Ghasemi L, Behroozi R, Khosravi Z, Rahmati A, Rezaeisoufi L, Karkehabadi H. Effect of 810 nm Diode Laser Irradiation on the Time of Initiation and Depth of Anesthesia for Endodontic Treatment of Mandibular First Molars with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Clinical Trial. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023; 41:475-482. [PMID: 37738369 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: In endodontic treatments, performing appropriate anesthesia in patients with irreversible pulpitis in mandibular molars may result in pain and severe problems. The irradiation of low-level lasers could be effective in this regard due to its anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. This study aimed to assess the effect of 810 nm diode laser on the time of initiation and depth of anesthesia for endodontic treatment of mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Materials and methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated 60 patients requiring endodontic treatment of mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and pain score ≥114 according to the Heft-Parker visual analog scale (HP-VAS). The teeth were randomized into two groups of diode laser and control. In the diode laser group, 810 nm diode laser with 300 mW power and 15 J/cm2 energy density was irradiated to the buccal surface of tooth crowns for 20 sec at 2 mm distance immediately before anesthesia administration. Laser in off mode was used in the control group. Inferior alveolar nerve block was then performed using 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine. After anesthetic injection, the mandibular first molar and canine teeth (control) were tested by an electric pulp tester every 2 min. Two consecutive negative responses to 80 mA indicated the initiation of anesthesia. HP-VAS forms were filled out by patients to assess their level of pain during the procedure. Data were analyzed by the Student's t and Chi-square tests, and analysis of variance (α = 0.05). Results: No remarkable difference was noted between the laser group and control groups in pain severity or anesthesia onset (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Low-level (810 nm) diode laser did not affect the time of initiation or depth of anesthesia in endodontic treatment of mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Clinical trials registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20181222042076N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Khoshbin
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leila Ghasemi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Rooholah Behroozi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Khosravi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Rahmati
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Loghman Rezaeisoufi
- Dental Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamed Karkehabadi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Lee WR, Chou WL, Lin ZC, Sung CT, Lin CY, Fang JY. Laser-assisted nanocarrier delivery to achieve cutaneous siRNA targeting for attenuating psoriasiform dermatitis. J Control Release 2022; 347:590-606. [PMID: 35623494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disorder presenting the excessive expression of interleukin (IL)-6. The topical use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been increasingly discovered for treating skin diseases. A delivery system capable of protecting siRNA while facilitating both skin targeting and cellular entrance is critical for the successful medication of topically-applied siRNA. Herein, we developed a delivery system for siRNA based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and combined this system with an ablative laser to promote skin absorption for topical psoriasis therapy. The siRNA absorption enhancement was compared by two laser modalities: a fractional CO2 laser and a fully-ablative Er:YAG laser. We characterized the effect of the delivery system by the cellular uptake, IL-6 silencing, in vitro skin absorption, cutaneous biodistribution, and in vivo psoriasiform dermatitis in mice. The nanocarriers showed minimal cytotoxicity and facile cellular uptake to knock down the IL-6 expression. The nanoformulation containing a cationic surfactant (Forestall) for ion pairing with siRNA achieved a 66% and 77% IL-6 knockdown efficiency toward keratinocytes and macrophages, respectively. In the Franz cell absorption, the lasers increased the naked siRNA penetration to the receptor compartment by 3.7-5.0-fold but remarkably reduced skin deposition using imiquimod (IMQ)-treated psoriasiform skin as the barrier. The fractional laser facilitated nanoparticle-associated siRNA skin deposition up to 3.3-fold, whereas the transport of the nanocarriers to the receptor was negligible. Qualitatively, the lasers increased nanoparticle delivery in the epidermis with limited effect to elevate the penetration depth. The fractional-mediated nanocarrier delivery dramatically attenuated the erythema and scaly lesions of psoriasiform dermatitis. The histological examination displayed a reduction of epidermal hyperplasia and macrophage infiltration by the combination of laser and nanosystem. The passive and laser-assisted naked siRNA delivery was less effective in mitigating dermatitis. The topical delivery of fractional laser-assisted nanoparticles on mice resulted in a 56% IL-6 knockdown. Our results manifested the benefit of cutaneous siRNA targeting using ablative lasers to deliver nanocarriers for treating psoriatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woan-Ruoh Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ling Chou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Chan Lin
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Calvin T Sung
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Lee WR, Hsiao CY, Huang TH, Sung CT, Wang PW, Cheng WT, Fang JY. Low-fluence laser-facilitated platelet-rich plasma permeation for treating MRSA-infected wound and photoaging of the skin. Int J Pharm 2021; 595:120242. [PMID: 33484919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is rich in cytokines and growth factors and is a novel approach for tissue regeneration. It can be used for skin rejuvenation but the large molecular size of the actives limits its topical application. In this study, low-fluence laser-facilitated PRP was delivered to evaluate its effect on absorption through the skin, infection-induced wound, and photoaging. The PRP permeation enhancement was compared for two ablative lasers: fractional (CO2) laser and fully-ablative (Er:YAG) laser. In the Franz cell experiment, pig skin was treated with lasers with superficial ablation followed by the application of recombinant cytokines, growth factors, or PRP. The transport of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was negligible in intact skin and stratum corneum (SC)-stripped skin. Both lasers significantly elevated skin deposition of IFN-γ and TNF-α from PRP, and fully-ablative laser showed a higher penetration enhancement. A similar tendency was found for vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor. Er:YAG laser-exposed skin displayed 1.8- and 3.9-fold higher skin deposition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 from PRP, respectively. According to the confocal images, both laser interventions led to an extensive and deep distribution of IFN-γ and PDGF-BB in the skin. In the in vivo methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection model, CO2 laser- and Er:YAG laser-assisted PRP delivery reduced bacterial load from 1.8 × 106 to 5.9 × 105 and 1.4 × 104 colony-forming units, respectively. The open wound induced by MRSA was closed by the laser-assisted PRP penetration. In the mouse photoaging model, elastin and collagen deposition were fully restored by combined PRP and full-ablative laser but not by PRP alone and PRP combined with fractional laser. Laser-facilitated PRP delivery even with a low fluence setting can be considered a promising strategy for treating some dermatological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woan-Ruoh Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Calvin T Sung
- School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ting Cheng
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Scarano A, Petrini M, Inchingolo F, Lorusso F, Amuso D. A new technique for the treatment of nasal telangiectasia using atmospheric plasma (voltaic arc dermabrasion): Postoperative pain assessment by thermal infrared imaging. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:2912-2918. [PMID: 32367634 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal telangiectasias are superficial, small vessels in the ala nasi and nasolabial crease with a varying origin. They represent an unaesthetic condition, frustrating patients who frequently request their removal. Microsclerotherapy, electrosurgery, different types of laser therapy, needle-assisted electrocoagulation, and TRASER therapy have been described for treating this condition. AIMS The aim of this study is to describe a novel technique that removes nasal telengectiasias using voltaic arc dermabrasion (VAD). PATIENTS/METHODS Voltaic arc dermabrasion treatment was used to remove nasal telangiectasia in 23 patients. The post-treatment condition was monitored by means of photographic records and the evaluation of erythema, pain score, patient and surgeon satisfaction, and skin temperature. The timing points were 1, 4, 6 days and 1 year after treatment. RESULTS Patients referred a moderate pain during the treatment that ceased at the end of the procedure. Moderate erythema and punctiform fine crusting were present in all patients that lasted until the 6th day after treatment. No other adverse effects were observed. After 1-year, the mean patient and surgeon satisfaction scores were 2.90 and 3.00 ± 0.3, respectively. A single treatment was effective in 85% of the patients and no recurrences were recorded for one year. The skin temperature increased about 18.2 ± 3.2°C during the treatment but returned to basal values in about 20 seconds in most of the patients. CONCLUSION Voltaic arc dermabrasion treatment is a viable, easy to use, and inexpensive tool for successful nasal telangiectasia removal, with minimal post-treatment discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Scarano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Research staff at Zirconia Implant Research Group (Z.I.R.G), International Academy of Ceramic Implantology, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Morena Petrini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico Amuso
- Master of Techniques of Aesthetic Medicine and Wellness, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Lin YC, Lin CF, Alalaiwe A, Wang PW, Fang YP, Fang JY. UV filter entrapment in mesoporous silica hydrogel for skin protection against UVA with minimization of percutaneous absorption. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 122:185-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ibrahim O, Wenande E, Hogan S, Arndt KA, Haedersdal M, Dover JS. Challenges to laser-assisted drug delivery: Applying theory to clinical practice. Lasers Surg Med 2017; 50:20-27. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Ibrahim
- SkinCare Physicians; Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467
| | - Emily Wenande
- Department of Dermatology; University of Copenhagen; Bispebjerg Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Sara Hogan
- Department of Dermatology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio 04195
| | | | - Merete Haedersdal
- Department of Dermatology; University of Copenhagen; Bispebjerg Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
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Medved F, Wurm A, Held M. Facial microcirculatory and biomechanical skin properties after single high energy (Er):YAG laser application. Lasers Surg Med 2017; 49:891-898. [PMID: 28799650 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Owing to skin aging and the growing demand for skin rejuvenation, minimal invasive aesthetic treatments such as laser procedures are increasingly coming into focus. However, until now, little has been known about the objective effects of these procedures with respect to skin microcirculation or changes in skin elasticity. STUDY DESIGN Facial skin rejuvenation was performed on 32 volunteers using ablative Erbium: YAG laser. Skin microcirculation and skin elasticity have then been evaluated objectively. METHODS Microcirculation (flow, SO2 , velocity, and rHB) has been analyzed before and directly after the laser session by using the O2C device. Skin elasticity has been evaluated by using the Cutometer device (Uf, Ua, Ur, and Ue) before and directly after the laser treatment, as well as 1 week and then 1, 3, and 6 months post treatment. Further, the outcome for the volunteers regarding their satisfactory level after laser treatment was evaluated. RESULTS Twenty volunteers were available for a complete follow-up. Microcirculation displayed statistically significant increase in all values to 2 mm depth. The biomechanical skin parameter of firmness of skin displayed statistically significant improvement in superficial skin layer after 6 months. CONCLUSION Concerning microcirculation and skin elasticity the ablative Erbium: YAG laser treatment revealed similar effects on the skin like a superficial burn injury. In contrast to the determined skin elasticity parameters, firmness of skin objectively revealed a skin tightening effect after 6 months. Along with the important epidermal effect, the suitability of ablative laser treatment for skin rejuvenation has been proved in a long-term follow-up. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:891-898, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Medved
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, BG University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Antonia Wurm
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, BG University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Manuel Held
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, BG University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
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Skin Pretreatment With Conventional Non-Fractional Ablative Lasers Promote the Transdermal Delivery of Tranexamic Acid. Dermatol Surg 2016; 42:867-74. [PMID: 27286416 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laser pretreatment of skin can be used to enable drugs used in dermatology to penetrate the skin to the depth necessary for their effect to take place. OBJECTIVE To compare the permeation of tranexamic acid after conventional non-fractionated ablative Er:YAG and CO2 laser pretreatment in a laser-aided transdermal delivery system. MATERIALS AND METHODS An erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) and a CO2 laser were used to pretreat dorsal porcine skin. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine disruption of the skin surface. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to determine the depth of penetration of a reporter molecule (fluorescein isothiocyanate) into the skin. A Franz diffusion assembly was used to examine fluency-related increases in transdermal delivery of transexamic acid. RESULTS Transdermal delivery of tranexamic acid increased as Er:YAG laser fluency increased. Transdermal delivery was higher when CO2 laser pretreatment was used than when Er:YAG laser pretreatment was used, but a "ceiling effect" was present and increasing the wattage did not cause a further increase in delivery. CO2 laser pretreatment also caused more extensive and deeper skin disruption than Er:YAG laser pretreatment. CONCLUSION For conventional, non-fractionated ablative laser pretreatment, the Er:YAG laser would be an optimal choice to enhance transdermal penetration of transexamic acid.
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The impact of urban particulate pollution on skin barrier function and the subsequent drug absorption. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 78:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Boonchai W, Sathaworawong A, Wongpraparut C, Wanitphakdeedecha R. The sensitization potential of sunscreen after ablative fractional skin resurfacing using modified human repeated insult patch test. J DERMATOL TREAT 2015; 26:485-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2014.998608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hsiao CY, Sung HC, Hu S, Huang CH. Fractional CO 2 Laser Treatment to Enhance Skin Permeation of Tranexamic Acid with Minimal Skin Disruption. Dermatology 2015; 230:269-75. [DOI: 10.1159/000371386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Lee WR, Shen SC, Aljuffali IA, Li YC, Fang JY. Impact of different vehicles for laser-assisted drug permeation via skin: full-surface versus fractional ablation. Pharm Res 2014; 31:382-93. [PMID: 24022680 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess impact of different vehicles for laser-assisted skin drug delivery. We also tried to uncover the mechanisms by which different vehicles affect laser-aided skin permeation. METHODS Full-surface ablative (conventional) and fractional lasers were used to irradiate nude mouse skin. Imiquimod and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) were used as lipophilic and hydrophilic permeants. Vehicles employed included water with 40% polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), propylene glycol (PG), and ethanol. Lipid nanoparticles were also utilized as carriers. RESULTS In vitro permeation profiles showed improvement in imiquimod flux with conventional laser (2.5 J/cm2) producing a 12-, 9-, and 5-fold increase when loading imiquimod in 40% PEG400, PG, and ethanol, respectively, as compared with intact skin. Nanoparticulate delivery by laser produced a 6-fold enhancement in permeation. Fractional laser produced less enhancement of imiquimod delivery than conventional laser. Laser exposure increased follicular imiquimod accumulation from 0.80 to 5.81 μg/cm2. ALA permeation from aqueous buffer, PEG 400, and PG with conventional laser treatment was 641-, 445-, and 104-fold superior to passive control. In vivo skin deposition of topically applied ALA examined by confocal microscopy indicated the same trend as the in vitro experiment, with aqueous buffer showing the greatest proporphyllin IX signaling. Diffusion of cosolvent molecules into ablated skin and drug partitioning from vehicle to skin are two predominant factors controlling laser-assisted delivery. In contrast to conventional laser, lateral drug diffusion was anticipated for fractional laser. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that different drug delivery vehicles substantially influence drug penetration enhanced by lasers.
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Hung CF, Chen WY, Aljuffali IA, Shih HC, Fang JY. The risk of hydroquinone and sunscreen over-absorption via photodamaged skin is not greater in senescent skin as compared to young skin: nude mouse as an animal model. Int J Pharm 2014; 471:135-45. [PMID: 24858384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic aging and photoaging modify skin structure and components, which subsequently change percutaneous absorption of topically applied permeants. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate drug/sunscreen permeation via young and senescent skin irradiated by ultraviolet (UV) light. Both young and senescent nude mice were subjected to UVA (10 J/cm(2)) and/or UVB radiation (175 mJ/cm(2)). Physiological parameters, immunohistology, and immunoblotting were employed to examine the aged skin. Hydroquinone and sunscreen permeation was determined by in vitro Franz cell. In vivo skin absorption was documented using a hydrophilic dye, rhodamine 123 (log P=-0.4), as a permeant. UVA exposure induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) upregulation. Epidermal tight junction (TJ) were degraded by UVA. UVB increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) from 13 to 24 g/m(2)/h. Hyperplasia and inflammation, but not loss of TJ, were also observed in UVB-treated skin. UVA+UVB- and UVA-irradiated skin demonstrated similar changes in histology and biomarkers. UVA+UVB or UVA exposure increased hydroquinone flux five-fold. A negligible alteration of hydroquinone permeation was shown with UVB exposure. Hydroquinone exhibited a lower penetration through senescent skin than young skin. Both UVA and UVB produced enhancement of oxybenzone flux and skin uptake. However, the amount of increase was less than that of hydroquinone delivery. Photoaging did not augment skin absorption of sunscreens with higher lipophilicity, including avobenzone and ZnO. Exposure to UVA generally increased follicular entrance of these permeants, which showed two- to three-fold greater follicular uptake compared to the untreated group. Photoaging had less impact on drug/sunscreen absorption with more lipophilic permeants. Percutaneous absorption did not increase in skin subjected to both intrinsic and extrinsic aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Hsinchuang, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ibrahim A Aljuffali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hui-Chi Shih
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Choi JH, Nam SH, Song YS, Lee HW, Lee HJ, Song K, Hong JW, Kim GC. Treatment with low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma enhances cutaneous delivery of epidermal growth factor by regulating E-cadherin-mediated cell junctions. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:635-43. [PMID: 24728827 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The barrier system of the skin not only defends against antigens and harmful substances, but also hinders the permeation of medicines and cosmetics into the dermis. Several strategies have been developed to enhance the absorption ability of skin, including the use of chemicals and skin ablation devices. However, the cost and inconvenience of these strategies highlights the need for a novel and safe method for increasing skin absorption. In this study, we examined the effect of low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma (LTAPP) on the efficiency of drug penetration through the skin, as well as its mechanism of action. HaCaT human keratinocytes and hairless mice were exposed to LTAPP treatment, and the cellular and tissue gene expression, and morphological changes were monitored. We found that the LTAPP exposure reduced the expression of E-cadherin in skin cells and led to the loss of cell-cell contacts. The exposure of mouse skin to LTAPP also reduced the expression of E-cadherin and prevented intercellular junction formation within the tissue, leading to enhanced absorption of hydrophilic agents, eosin and epidermal growth factor. The reduction in E-cadherin expression and reduced skin barrier function recovered completely within 3 h of LTAPP exposure. Taken together, these data show that LTAPP can induce a temporal decrease in the skin barrier function by regulating E-cadherin-mediated intercellular interactions, leading to the enhanced transdermal delivery of drugs and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hae Choi
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Beomeo-ri, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam, 626-870, South Korea
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16
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Pan TL, Wang PW, Aljuffali IA, Hung YY, Lin CF, Fang JY. Dermal toxicity elicited by phthalates: evaluation of skin absorption, immunohistology, and functional proteomics. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 65:105-14. [PMID: 24384410 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of phthalates is an important concern in the fields of environmental health and toxicology. Dermal exposure via skin care products, soil, and dust is a main route for phthalate delivery. We had explored the effect of topically-applied phthalates on skin absorption and toxicity. Immunohistology, functional proteomics, and Western blotting were employed as methodologies for validating phthalate toxicity. Among 5 phthalates tested, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) showed the highest skin reservoir. Only diethyl phthalate (DEP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) could penetrate across skin. Strat-M(®) membrane could be used as permeation barrier for predicting phthalate penetration through skin. The accumulation of DEHP in hair follicles was ∼15nmol/cm(2), which was significantly greater than DBP and DEP. DBP induced apoptosis of keratinocytes and fibroblasts via caspase-3 activation. This result was confirmed by downregulation of 14-3-3 and immunohistology of TUNEL. On the other hand, the HSP60 overexpression and immunostaining of COX-2 suggested inflammatory response induced by DEP and DEHP. The proteomic profiling verified the role of calcium homeostasis on skin inflammation. Some proteins investigated in this study can be sensitive biomarkers for dermal toxicity of phthalates. These included HSPs, 14-3-3, and cytokeratin. This work provided novel platforms for examining phthalate toxicity on skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ibrahim A Aljuffali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yi-Yun Hung
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Fwu Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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17
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Lin CF, Hwang TL, Al-Suwayeh SA, Huang YL, Hung YY, Fang JY. Maximizing dermal targeting and minimizing transdermal penetration by magnolol/honokiol methoxylation. Int J Pharm 2013; 445:153-62. [PMID: 23380623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnolol and honokiol, predominant active compounds in the family Magnoliaceae, are known to exhibit strong anti-inflammatory activities against dermal disorders. We attempted to modify the structures of magnolol and honokiol by methoxylation to optimize the skin delivery ability. Absorption of these permeants into and through the skin was performed at both an infinite dose and saturated solubility. Superoxide anion and elastase released from human neutrophils were the biomarkers used to examine anti-inflammatory potencies of these permeants. The safety of the permeants was evaluated by keratinocyte viability and in vivo bioengineering techniques. Topical magnolol and honokiol at an infinite dose (7.5 mM) showed skin accumulations of 0.22 and 0.16 nmol/mg, respectively. Methoxylation significantly enhanced their skin absorption. Deposition amounts of dimethylmagnolol and dimethylhonokiol were respectively 15- and 7-fold greater than those of magnolol and honokiol. Contrary to the skin accumulation results, the transdermal penetration across skin decreased following methoxylation. No transdermal delivery occurred for dimethylhonokiol. Skin uptake of 4'-O-methylhonokiol was 2-fold higher than that of 2-O-methylhonokiol, although they are isomers. Methoxylated permeants demonstrated selective absorption into follicles, which showed 3-5-fold higher follicular amounts compared to magnolol and honokiol. The relative order of anti-inflammatory activities was honokiol>2-O-methylmagnolol>dimethylhonokiol>magnolol. The other compounds exhibited negligible or negative responses in activated neutrophils. Magnolol and honokiol induced slight but significant keratinocyte cytotoxicity and stratum corneum disruption. Daily administration of methoxylated permeants, especially dimethylhonokiol, produced no skin irritation for up to 7 days. Methoxylated magnolol and honokiol can be efficient and safe candidates for treating inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwan-Fwu Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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18
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Chen WY, Fang CL, Al-Suwayeh SA, Yang HH, Li YC, Fang JY. Risk assessment of excess drug and sunscreen absorption via skin with ablative fractional laser resurfacing : optimization of the applied dose for postoperative care. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 28:1363-74. [PMID: 23291917 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The ablative fractional laser is a new modality used for surgical resurfacing. It is expected that laser treatment can generally deliver drugs into and across the skin, which is toxicologically relevant. The aim of this study was to establish skin absorption characteristics of antibiotics, sunscreens, and macromolecules via laser-treated skin and during postoperative periods. Nude mice were employed as the animal model. The skin received a single irradiation of a fractional CO2 laser, using fluences of 4-10 mJ with spot densities of 100-400 spots/cm(2). In vitro skin permeation using Franz cells was performed. Levels of skin water loss and erythema were evaluated, and histological examinations with staining by hematoxylin and eosin, cyclooxygenase-2, and claudin-1 were carried out. Significant signs of erythema, edema, and scaling of the skin treated with the fractional laser were evident. Inflammatory infiltration and a reduction in tight junctions were also observed. Laser treatment at 6 mJ increased tetracycline and tretinoin fluxes by 70- and 9-fold, respectively. A higher fluence resulted in a greater tetracycline flux, but lower skin deposition. On the other hand, tretinoin skin deposition increased following an increase in the laser fluence. The fractional laser exhibited a negligible effect on modulating oxybenzone absorption. Dextrans with molecular weights of 4 and 10 kDa showed increased fluxes from 0.05 to 11.05 and 38.54 μg/cm(2)/h, respectively. The optimized drug dose for skin treated with the fractional laser was 1/70-1/60 of the regular dose. The skin histology and drug absorption had recovered to a normal status within 2-3 days. Our findings provide the first report on risk assessment of excessive skin absorption after fractional laser resurfacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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