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Jia X, Wang Y, Cui J, Li Y, Wu W, Zhang X, Wang J. Ochratoxin A-induced DNA damage triggers G 2 phase arrest via hMLH1-p53-p21 signaling pathway in human gastric epithelium immortalized cells in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2024; 400:S0378-4274(24)01075-0. [PMID: 39117293 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA), as one of the most important and harmful mycotoxins, is classed as possible human carcinogen (group 2B). As we all know, DNA damage may cause genomic instability, cell cycle disorder, activation of DNA damage pathway, and stimulation of DNA repair system. To explore the roles of DNA damage repair protein (hMLH1) on OTA-induced G2 arrest, the DNA damage, chromosome aberration, cell cycle distribution and p53-p21 signaling pathway were evaluatd after different time OTA exposure (6, 12, 24, 48h) in immortalized human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1). Our results demonstrated that OTA exposure could trigger genomic instability, DNA damage and G2 phase arrest of GES-1 cells. At the same time, OTA treatment could increase the expression of hMLH1, and induce phosphorylation of the p53 protein, as well as p21, in response to DNA damage. Finally, inhibition of hMLH1 by siRNA effectively prevented the activation of p53-p21 signaling pathway and rescued the G2 arrest elicited by OTA. This study demonstrated that hMLH1-p53-p21 signaling pathway played an important role in DNA damage and G2 cell cycle arrest the mediated by OTA in GES-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jia
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinfeng Cui
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenxin Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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2
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Zheng WJ, Li WQ, Peng Y, Shao Y, Tang L, Liu CT, Zhang D, Zhang LJ, Li JH, Luo WZ, Yuan ZC, Zhao BR, Mao BG. E2Fs co-participate in cadmium stress response through activation of MSHs during the cell cycle. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1068769. [PMID: 36531377 PMCID: PMC9749859 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1068769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is one of the most common heavy metal contaminants found in agricultural fields. MutSα, MutSβ, and MutSγ are three different MutS-associated protein heterodimer complexes consisting of MSH2/MSH6, MSH2/MSH3, and MSH2/MSH7, respectively. These complexes have different mismatch recognition properties and abilities to support MMR. However, changes in mismatch repair genes (OsMSH2, OsMSH3, OsMSH6, and OsMSH7) of the MutS system in rice, one of the most important food crops, under cadmium stress and their association with E2Fs, the key transcription factors affecting cell cycles, are poorly evaluated. In this study, we systematically categorized six rice E2Fs and confirmed that OsMSHs were the downstream target genes of E2F using dual-luciferase reporter assays. In addition, we constructed four msh mutant rice varieties (msh2, msh3, msh6, and msh7) using the CRISPR-Cas9 technology, exposed these mutant rice seedlings to different concentrations of cadmium (0, 2, and 4 mg/L) and observed changes in their phenotype and transcriptomic profiles using RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. We found that the difference in plant height before and after cadmium stress was more significant in mutant rice seedlings than in wild-type rice seedlings. Transcriptomic profiling and qRT-PCR quantification showed that cadmium stress specifically mobilized cell cycle-related genes ATR, CDKB2;1, MAD2, CycD5;2, CDKA;1, and OsRBR1. Furthermore, we expressed OsE2Fs in yeasts and found that heterologous E2F expression in yeast strains regulated cadmium tolerance by regulating MSHs expression. Further exploration of the underlying mechanisms revealed that cadmium stress may activate the CDKA/CYCD complex, which phosphorylates RBR proteins to release E2F, to regulate downstream MSHs expression and subsequent DNA damage repairment, thereby enhancing the response to cadmium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Zheng
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Wang-Qing Li
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Li Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Ci-Tao Liu
- College of Agricultural, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
- College of Agricultural, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan-Jing Zhang
- College of Agricultural, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji-Huan Li
- College of Agricultural, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wu-Zhong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Bing-Ran Zhao
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
- College of Agricultural, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bi-Gang Mao
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
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Elsayed HE, Kamel RA, Ibrahim RR, Abdel-Razek AS, Shaaban MA, Frese M, Sewald N, Ebrahim HY, Moharram FA. Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial, and In Silico Studies of Secondary Metabolites From Aspergillus sp. Isolated From Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. Ex Kunth Leaves. Front Chem 2021; 9:760083. [PMID: 34722462 PMCID: PMC8548774 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.760083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are prolific producers of privileged secondary metabolites with diverse therapeutic potential, although their anticancer and antimicrobial potential still have a room for further investigation. Herein, seven known secondary metabolites namely, arugosin C (1), ergosterol (2), iso-emericellin (3), sterigmatocystin (4), dihydrosterigmatocystin (5), versicolorin B (6), and diorcinol (7) were isolated from the rice culture of Aspergillus sp. retrieved from Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth leaves. Their anticancer and antimicrobial activities were evaluated in MTT and agar well diffusion assays, respectively. The cytotoxicity results showed that metabolite 3 displayed the best viability inhibition on the MCF-7 breast cancer cells with IC50 = 225.21 µM, while 5 on the HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells with IC50 = 161.81 µM. 5 demonstrated a 60% apoptotic mode of cell death which is virtually correlated to its high docking affinity to Hsp90 ATP binding cleft (binding score −8.4 Kcal/mol). On the other side, metabolites 4 and 5 displayed promising antimicrobial activity especially on Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC = 125 μg/ml. The observed effect may be likely related to their excellent in silico inhibition of the bacterial DNA-gyrase kinase domain (binding score −10.28 Kcal/mol). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the promising cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of metabolites 3, 4, and 5 which needs further investigation and renovation to therapeutic leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba E Elsayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Reem A Kamel
- Mansheyat El-Bakry General Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham R Ibrahim
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Abdel-Razek
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egyp
| | - Mohamed A Shaaban
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marcel Frese
- Organic and Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bio-organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Ebrahim
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Moharram
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
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Dabelić S, Kifer D, Jakšić D, Kopjar N, Klarić MŠ. Sterigmatocystin, 5-Methoxysterigmatocistin, and Their Combinations Are Cytotoxic and Genotoxic to A549 and Hepg2 Cells and Provoke Phosphorylation of Chk2, but Not Fancd2 Checkpoint Proteins. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:464. [PMID: 34209435 PMCID: PMC8309960 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterigmatocystin (STC) and 5-methoxysterigmatocystin (5-M-STC) are structurally related mycotoxins with cytotoxic and genotoxic properties. In the present study, we hypothesized that DNA damage induced by non-cytotoxic concentrations of single and combined mycotoxins could alter the phosphorylation of the checkpoint proteins Chk2 and FANCD2 (ELISA) in HepG2 and A549 cells. The cytotoxic potential (MTT test) of single and combined STC and 5-M-STC, the nature of their interaction (additivity, antagonism, or synergy) and DNA damage level (alkaline comet assay) in HepG2 and A549 cells were also investigated. All experiments were performed after 24 h of mycotoxin treatment. 5-M-STC was 10-folds more cytotoxic than STC to both HepG2 and A549 cells. Both mycotoxins are genotoxic to HepG2 and A549 cells by inducing both double and single DNA strand breaks that activate Chk2 (especially in HepG2 cells) but not the FANCD2 protein. STC exerted higher genotoxic potential than 5-M-STC in HepG2 and A549 cells when both toxins were applied individually at the same concentration. Dual combinations of non-cytotoxic mycotoxin concentrations showed additive to antagonizing cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. The absence and low activation of checkpoint proteins during prolonged exposure to non-cytotoxic concentrations of STC and 5-M-STC could support cell proliferation and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Dabelić
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Domagoj Kifer
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Daniela Jakšić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Maja Šegvić Klarić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Zingales V, Fernández-Franzón M, Ruiz MJ. Sterigmatocystin-induced DNA damage triggers cell-cycle arrest via MAPK in human neuroblastoma cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:479-488. [PMID: 34039253 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1916801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sterigmatocystin (STE) is a common mycotoxin found in food and feed. Many studies showed that STE is genotoxic. However, up to now, the potential genotoxicity of STE on human neuronal system remains unknown. In this study, we explored the effect of STE on DNA damage and cell-cycle progression on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to various concentrations of STE (0.78, 1.56 and 3.12 µM) for 24 h. The results indicated that STE exposure induced DNA damage, as evidenced by DNA comet tails formation and increased γH2AX foci. Additionally, genotoxicity was confirmed by micronuclei (MN) analysis. Furthermore, we found that STE exposure led to cell-cycle arrest at the S and the G2/M phase. Considering the important role played by MAPK and p53 signaling pathways in cell-cycle arrest, we explored their potential involvement in STE-induced cell-cycle arrest by using specific inhibitors. The inhibition of JNK and ERK resulted to attenuate S and G2/M arrest, whereas the inhibition of p38 and p53 attenuated only STE-induced S phase arrest. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that STE induced DNA damage and triggered MAPK and p53 pathways activation, resulting in cell-cycle arrest at the S and the G2/M phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zingales
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Fernández-Franzón
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Mutiga SK, Mutuku JM, Koskei V, Gitau JK, Ng’ang’a F, Musyoka J, Chemining’wa GN, Murori R. Multiple Mycotoxins in Kenyan Rice. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13030203. [PMID: 33799626 PMCID: PMC7998506 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple mycotoxins were tested in milled rice samples (n = 200) from traders at different milling points within the Mwea Irrigation Scheme in Kenya. Traders provided the names of the cultivar, village where paddy was cultivated, sampling locality, miller, and month of paddy harvest between 2018 and 2019. Aflatoxin, citrinin, fumonisin, ochratoxin A, diacetoxyscirpenol, T2, HT2, and sterigmatocystin were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). Deoxynivalenol was tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mycotoxins occurred in ranges and frequencies in the following order: sterigmatocystin (0–7 ppb; 74.5%), aflatoxin (0–993 ppb; 55.5%), citrinin (0–9 ppb; 55.5%), ochratoxin A (0–110 ppb; 30%), fumonisin (0–76 ppb; 26%), diacetoxyscirpenol (0–24 ppb; 20.5%), and combined HT2 + T2 (0–62 ppb; 14.5%), and deoxynivalenol was detected in only one sample at 510 ppb. Overall, low amounts of toxins were observed in rice with a low frequency of samples above the regulatory limits for aflatoxin, 13.5%; ochratoxin A, 6%; and HT2 + T2, 0.5%. The maximum co-contamination was for 3.5% samples with six toxins in different combinations. The rice cultivar, paddy environment, time of harvest, and millers influenced the occurrence of different mycotoxins. There is a need to establish integrated approaches for the mitigation of mycotoxin accumulation in the Kenyan rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K. Mutiga
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P.O. BOX 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; (J.M.M.); (F.N.); (J.M.)
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
- Correspondence: (S.K.M.); (R.M.)
| | - J. Musembi Mutuku
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P.O. BOX 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; (J.M.M.); (F.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Vincent Koskei
- National Irrigation Authority (NIA), P.O. Box 210, 10303 Wang’uru, Kenya;
| | - James Kamau Gitau
- Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University of Nairobi, P.O. BOX 29053, 00625 Nairobi, Kenya; (J.K.G.); (G.N.C.)
| | - Fredrick Ng’ang’a
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P.O. BOX 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; (J.M.M.); (F.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Joyce Musyoka
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P.O. BOX 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; (J.M.M.); (F.N.); (J.M.)
| | - George N. Chemining’wa
- Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University of Nairobi, P.O. BOX 29053, 00625 Nairobi, Kenya; (J.K.G.); (G.N.C.)
| | - Rosemary Murori
- International Rice Research Institute, Eastern and Southern African Region Office, P.O. BOX 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
- Correspondence: (S.K.M.); (R.M.)
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Zingales V, Fernández-Franzón M, Ruiz MJ. Sterigmatocystin: Occurrence, toxicity and molecular mechanisms of action – A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Jakšić D, Ćurtović I, Kifer D, Rašić D, Kopjar N, Micek V, Peraica M, Klarić MŠ. Single-Dose Toxicity of Individual and Combined Sterigmatocystin and 5-Methoxysterigmatocistin in Rat Lungs. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E734. [PMID: 33238460 PMCID: PMC7700161 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterigmatocystin (STC) and 5-methoxysterigmatocystin (5-M-STC) are mycotoxins produced by common damp indoor Aspergilli series Versicolores. Since both STC and 5-M-STC were found in the dust of indoor occupational and living areas, their occupants may be exposed to these mycotoxins, primarily by inhalation. Thus, STC and 5-M-STC were intratracheally instilled in male Wistar rats using doses (0.3 mg STC/kg of lung weight (l.w.); 3.6 mg 5-M-STC/kg l.w.; toxin combination 0.3 + 3.6 mg/kg l.w.) that corresponded to concentrations detected in the dust of damp indoor areas in order to explore cytotoxicity, vascular permeability, immunomodulation and genotoxicity. Single mycotoxins and their combinations insignificantly altered lactate-dehydrogenase activity, albumin, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1α concentrations, as measured by ELISA in bronchioalveolar lavage fluid upon 24 h of treatment. In an alkaline comet assay, both mycotoxins provoked a similar intensity of DNA damage in rat lungs, while in a neutral comet assay, only 5-M-STC evoked significant DNA damage. Hence, naturally occurring concentrations of individual STC may induce DNA damage in rat lungs, in which single DNA strand breaks prevail, while 5-M-STC was more responsible for double-strand breaks. In both versions of the comet assay treatment with STC + 5-M-STC, less DNA damage intensity occurred compared to single mycotoxin treatment, suggesting an antagonistic genotoxic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jakšić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.J.); (I.Ć.); (D.K.)
| | - Ida Ćurtović
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.J.); (I.Ć.); (D.K.)
| | - Domagoj Kifer
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.J.); (I.Ć.); (D.K.)
| | - Dubravka Rašić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.R.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.R.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Vedran Micek
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.R.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Maja Peraica
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.R.); (N.K.); (V.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Maja Šegvić Klarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.J.); (I.Ć.); (D.K.)
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The role of mitochondria in sterigmatocystin-induced apoptosis on SH-SY5Y cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 142:111493. [PMID: 32553934 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles involved in many crucial functions, such as generation of energy (ATP) and initiation of apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of mitochondria in the toxicity induced by sterigmatocystin (STE), a mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus, on SH-SY5Y cells. Our results showed that STE exposure decreased cell viability in a time- and concentration-dependent manner by MTT assay and caused mitochondrial dysfunction, as highlighted by the increase of STE cytotoxicity in cells forced to rely on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, intracellular ATP depletion and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were also observed. Since mitochondria play a pivotal role in apoptosis, the induction of this process in response to STE exposure was decided to study. Our results showed an increase in apoptotic cell population by flow cytometry, further confirmed by the up-regulation of the expression levels of the pro-apoptotic genes Bax and Casp-3 and the down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 by qPCR technique. Taken together, our results provide novel insights in the signalling pathways of the cell death process induced by STE in SH-SY5Y cells, highlighting the key role played by mitochondria in STE toxicity.
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Cui J, Wang J, Huang S, Jiang X, Li Y, Wu W, Zhang X. The G2 phase arrest induced by sterigmatocystin is dependent on hMLH1- ERK/p38-p53 pathway in human esophageal epithelium cells in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 115:205-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Ibuprofen is deleterious for the development of first trimester human fetal ovary ex vivo. Hum Reprod 2018; 33:482-493. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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12
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Cui J, Wang J, Huang S, Jiang X, Li Y, Wu W, Zhang X. Sterigmatocystin induced apoptosis in human pulmonary cells in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:695-699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Zouaoui N, Mallebrera B, Berrada H, Abid-Essefi S, Bacha H, Ruiz MJ. Cytotoxic effects induced by patulin, sterigmatocystin and beauvericin on CHO-K1 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 89:92-103. [PMID: 26802678 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are produced by different genera of fungi; mainly Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. The natural co-occurrence of beauvericin (BEA), patulin (PAT) and sterigmatocystin (STE) has been proved in feed and food commodities. This study investigates the cytotoxicity of individual and combined mycotoxins BEA, PAT and STE. The cytotoxicity on immortalized ovarian cells (CHO-K1) was evaluated using the MTT assay. After 24, 48 and 72 h, the IC50 values were 2.9 μM for PAT and ranged from 10.7 to 2.2 μM and from 25.0 to 12.5 μM for BEA and STE, respectively. Cytotoxic interactions were assayed by the isobologram method, which provides a combination index (CI) value as a quantitative measure of the three mycotoxin interaction's degree. Binary and tertiary combinations showed a dose dependent effect. At low fraction affected, mycotoxin combinations were synergetic; whereas, at higher fraction affected, the combinations showed additive effect. Our results indicate that the co-occurrence of low concentrations of mycotoxin in food may increase their toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhal Zouaoui
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds (LRSBC), Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Beatriz Mallebrera
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vincent Andrés Estelles, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Houda Berrada
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vincent Andrés Estelles, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds (LRSBC), Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Bacha
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds (LRSBC), Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maria-Jose Ruiz
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vincent Andrés Estelles, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Dong J, Wang Z, Zou P, Zhang G, Dong X, Ling X, Zhang X, Liu J, Ye D, Cao J, Ao L. Induction of DNA damage and G2 cell cycle arrest by diepoxybutane through the activation of the Chk1-dependent pathway in mouse germ cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:518-31. [PMID: 25633853 DOI: 10.1021/tx500489r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
1,2:3,4-Diepoxybutane (DEB) is a major carcinogenic metabolite of 1,3-butadiene (BD), which has been shown to cause DNA strand breaks in cells through its potential genotoxicity. The adverse effect of DEB on male reproductive cells in response to DNA damage has not been thoroughly studied, and the related mechanism is yet to be elucidated. Using mouse spermatocyte-derived GC-2 cells, we demonstrated in the present study that DEB caused the proliferation inhibition and marked cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase but not apoptosis. DEB also induced DNA damage as evidenced by γ-H2AX expression, the comet assay, and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Meanwhile, DEB triggered the Chk1/Cdc25c/Cdc2 signal pathway, which could be abated in the presence of UCN-01 or Chk1 siRNA. GC-2 cells exposed to DEB experienced ROS generation and pretreatment of N-acetyl-l-cysteine, partly attenuated DEB-induced DNA damage, and G2 arrest. Furthermore, measurement of testicular cells showed an increased proportion of tetraploid cells in mice administrated with DEB, alongside the enhanced expression of p-Chk1. Also, the defective reproductive phenotypes, including reduced sperm motility, increased sperm malformation, and histological abnormality of testes, were observed. In conclusion, these results suggest DEB induces DNA damage and G2 cell cycle arrest by activating the Chk1-dependent pathway, while oxidative stress may be associated with eliciting toxicity in male reproductive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Dong
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038, China
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Sterigmatocystin induces G1 arrest in primary human esophageal epithelial cells but induces G2 arrest in immortalized cells: key mechanistic differences in these two models. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:2015-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Impairment of cell cycle progression by sterigmatocystin in human pulmonary cells in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 66:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Mycotoxins' activity at toxic and sub-toxic concentrations: differential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of single and combined administration of sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin A and citrinin on the hepatocellular cancer cell line Hep3B. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:1855-72. [PMID: 24514428 PMCID: PMC3945573 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110201855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Food safety organizations indicate the likelihood of constant human and animal exposure to mycotoxin mixtures as a possible negative public health impact. Risk assessment demonstrates that certain mycotoxins of Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. are toxic and hold a significant genotoxic efficacy at nanomolar concentrations. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential cytogenetic effects of sterigmatocystin (STER), ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CTN) alone or in combination, at pM to μΜ concentrations, on the human hepatocellular cancer cell line Hep3B. MTT reduction, mitotic divisions, cell cycle delays and sister chromatid exchange rates (SCE) were determined as endpoints of metabolic activity, cytotoxicity, cytostaticity, and genotoxicity, respectively. All mycotoxin treatments induce SCE rates from 10-12 M, while their cytotoxic and cytostatic potential varies. In PRI and MI assays, but not at MTT, STER alone or in combination with OTA + CTN appeared cytostatic and cytotoxic, even at 10-12 M, while CTN alone and all other combinations displayed substantial cellular survival inhibition in doses ≥ 10-8 M. Co-administration of STER + OTA or STER + CTN in concentrations ≤ 10-1 M, increased the MI and MTT activity, while it did not affect the PRI. Mycotoxin co-treatments revealed in general similar-to-additive or antagonistic genotoxic and cytotoxic effects. Our results for the first time describe that STER alone or in combination with OTA and/or CTN share a cytotoxic and cytogenetic potential even at picoMolar concentrations on human hepatoma cells in vitro.
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