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Niu C, Zhang J, Okolo PI. Liver cancer wars: plant-derived polyphenols strike back. Med Oncol 2024; 41:116. [PMID: 38625672 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer currently represents the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The majority of liver cancer arises in the context of chronic inflammation and cirrhosis. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy have been the guideline-recommended treatment options for decades. Despite enormous advances in the field of liver cancer therapy, an effective cure is yet to be found. Plant-derived polyphenols constitute a large family of phytochemicals, with pleiotropic effects and little toxicity. They can drive cellular events and modify multiple signaling pathways which involves initiation, progression and metastasis of liver cancer and play an important role in contributing to anti-liver cancer drug development. The potential of plant-derived polyphenols for treating liver cancer has gained attention from research clinicians and pharmaceutical scientists worldwide in the last decades. This review overviews hepatic carcinogenesis and briefly discusses anti-liver cancer mechanisms associated with plant-derived polyphenols, specifically involving cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metastasis. We focus on plant-derived polyphenols with experiment-based chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties against liver cancer and generalize their basic molecular mechanisms of action. We also discuss potential opportunities and challenges in translating plant-derived polyphenols from preclinical success into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengu Niu
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Rochester General Hospital, 1425 Portland Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14621, USA.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Rainier Springs Behavioral Health Hospital, 2805 NE 129th St, Vancouver, WA, 98686, USA
| | - Patrick I Okolo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, 14621, USA
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Kiran KS, Kameshwar VH, Mudnakudu Nagaraju KK, Nagalambika P, Varadaraju KR, Karthik NA, Dugganaboyana GK, Nanjunda Swamy S, Krishna KL, Kumar JR. Diosmin: A Daboia russelii venom PLA 2s inhibitor- purified, and characterized from Oxalis corniculata L medicinal plant. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116977. [PMID: 37544341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Oxalis corniculata L is a medicinal plant that belongs to the Oxalidaceae family. It is a little, slow-growing plant with a frail appearance typically found in mild temperate and tropical areas like Pakistan and India. This plant also includes many other bioactive substances, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, phlobatannins, and steroids. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Compound diosmin, which is derived from Oxalis corniculata L, on VRV-PL-5 and VRV-PL-8a isolated from Vipera russelli. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extraction, purification, and characterization of bioactive by TLC, HPTLC, FT-IR analysis, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, LC-MS/MS Analysis, NMR, XRD Analysis, In vitro evaluation, Circular dichroism spectroscopy, in vivo, and in silico studies. RESULTS In this study, the extract of Oxalis corniculata was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect against PLA2. The methanolic extract decreased hemolytic activity by about 60% at 1:75 w/w and neutralized the hemolytic activity completely at 1:100 w/w concentration. Diosmin inhibited VRV-PL-5 and VRV-PL-8a in a dose-dependent manner, with the extent of inhibition being about 56% for VRV-PL-5120 μM and VRV-PL-8a by 62% at the same concentration with IC50 concentrations of 87.08 μM for VRV-PL-5 and 82.08 μM for VRV-PL-8a, while at 75 μM. Diosmin inhibited the hemolytic activity of VRV-PL-5 by about 85%, and at the same concentration, VRV-PL-8a inhibited by about 75%. UV-CD spectra at the IC50 concentration of diosmin disrupted the secondary structure of VRV-PL-5 &VRV-PL-8a. In vivo, studies showed decreased myotoxicity and cardiotoxicity of the VRV-PL-5 &VRV-PL-8a, which was seen in the decrease in cytoplasmic markers LDH and CPK levels in the serum when incubated with diosmin. Furthermore, Histopathological studies of Muscles and lungs revealed that diosmin considerably protects against cellular abnormality caused by VRV-PL-5 & VRV-PL-8a. Molecular docking, MM/GBSA, and molecular dynamics simulation studies show that the diosmin is a potent inhibitor for VRV-PL-5 and VRV-PL-8a. CONCLUSION This study shows that diosmin is a potentially effective VRV-PL-5 and VRV-PL-8a.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kiran
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - Vivek Hamse Kameshwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara- 571448, Nagamangala (T), Mandya (D), Karnataka, India; Department of Biotechnology, Adichunchanagiri School of Natural Sciences, ACU-CRI, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara- 571448, Nagamangala (T), Mandya (D), Karnataka, India
| | | | - Prasad Nagalambika
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - Kavitha Raj Varadaraju
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - N Awathade Karthik
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - Guru Kumar Dugganaboyana
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - S Nanjunda Swamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technological University, Mysore, India
| | - K L Krishna
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - J R Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India.
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Shahine Y, El-Aal SAA, Reda AM, Sheta E, Atia NM, Abdallah OY, Ibrahim SSA. Diosmin nanocrystal gel alleviates imiquimod-induced psoriasis in rats via modulating TLR7,8/NF-κB/micro RNA-31, AKT/mTOR/P70S6K milieu, and Tregs/Th17 balance. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1341-1359. [PMID: 37010718 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Diosmin is a flavonoid with promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, it has difficult physicochemical characteristics since its solubility demands a pH level of 12, which has an impact on the drug's bioavailability. The aim of this work is the development and characterization of diosmin nanocrystals using anti-solvent precipitation technique to be used for topical treatment of psoriasis. Results revealed that diosmin nanocrystals stabilized with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC E15) in ratio (diosmin:polymer; 1:1) reached the desired particle size (276.9 ± 16.49 nm); provided promising colloidal properties and possessed high drug release profile. Additionally, in-vivo assessment was carried out to evaluate and compare the activities of diosmin nanocrystal gel using three different doses and diosmin powder gel in alleviating imiquimod-induced psoriasis in rats and investigating their possible anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Herein, 125 mg of 5% imiquimod cream (IMQ) was applied topically for 5 consecutive days on the shaved backs of rats to induce psoriasis. Diosmin nanocrystal gel especially in the highest dose used offered the best anti-inflammatory effect. This was confirmed by causing the most statistically significant reduction in the psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score and the serum inflammatory cytokines levels. Furthermore, it was capable of maintaining the balance between T helper (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) cells. Moreover, it tackled TLR7/8/NF-κB, miRNA-31, AKT/mTOR/P70S6K and elevated the TNFAIP3/A20 (a negative regulator of NF-κB) expression in psoriatic skin tissues. This highlights the role of diosmin nanocrystal gel in tackling imiquimod-induced psoriasis in rats, and thus it could be a novel promising therapy for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Shahine
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sarah A Abd El-Aal
- Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Al Kut, Wasit, 52001, Iraq
| | - Ahmed M Reda
- Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Al Kut, Wasit, 52001, Iraq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Sheta
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nouran M Atia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sherihan Salaheldin Abdelhamid Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria (PUA), Canal El- Mahmoudia Street, Smouha, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Yu J, Hu Y, Sheng M, Gao M, Guo W, Zhang Z, Wang D, Wu X, Li J, Chen Y, Zhao W, Liu C, Cui X, Chen X, Zhao C, Chen H, Xiao J, Chen S, Luo C, Xu L, Gu X, Ma X. Selective PPARγ modulator diosmin improves insulin sensitivity and promotes browning of white fat. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103059. [PMID: 36841479 PMCID: PMC10033317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, glucolipid metabolism, and inflammation. Thiazolidinediones are PPARγ full agonists with potent insulin-sensitizing effects, whereas their oral usage is restricted because of unwanted side effects, including obesity and cardiovascular risks. Here, via virtual screening, microscale thermophoresis analysis, and molecular confirmation, we demonstrate that diosmin, a natural compound of wide and long-term clinical use, is a selective PPARγ modulator that binds to PPARγ and blocks PPARγ phosphorylation with weak transcriptional activity. Local diosmin administration in subcutaneous fat (inguinal white adipose tissue [iWAT]) improved insulin sensitivity and attenuated obesity via enhancing browning of white fat and energy expenditure. Besides, diosmin ameliorated inflammation in WAT and liver and reduced hepatic steatosis. Of note, we determined that iWAT local administration of diosmin did not exhibit obvious side effects. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that iWAT local delivery of diosmin protected mice from diet-induced insulin resistance, obesity, and fatty liver by blocking PPARγ phosphorylation, without apparent side effects, making it a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yepeng Hu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maozheng Sheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiu Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Li
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yantao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caizhi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdi Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuejiang Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinran Ma
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, China.
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Diosmin prophylaxis reduces gentamicin-induced kidney damage in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:63-71. [PMID: 36121447 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Gentamicin is an essential aminoglycoside antibiotic, but it is only used to treat severe bacterial infections due to its high nephrotoxicity in patients. We evaluated the preventive effects of diosmin (as a natural ingredient) on gentamicin-related kidney damage in rats. In this research, 28 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, gentamicin (100 mg/kg (i.p.), daily for 1 week), gentamicin plus diosmin (50 mg/kg, p.o., daily for 2 weeks), and diosmin (50 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 2 weeks). After the final gavage, blood samples were collected for the determination of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. Kidneys are used for biochemical, inflammatory, and histological tests. The concentrations of creatinine, BUN, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) were significantly increased. But, the level of glutathione and activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase decreased during treatment with gentamicin. On the other hand, the concentrations of creatinine, BUN, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, and IL-1β were significantly reduced, and the glutathione level, activities of catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased via co-administration with diosmin. Diosmin had ameliorative impacts against gentamicin-related kidney injury due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Shaaban HH, Hozayen WG, Khaliefa AK, El-Kenawy AE, Ali TM, Ahmed OM. Diosmin and Trolox Have Anti-Arthritic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potencies in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Male Wistar Rats: Roles of NF-κB, iNOS, Nrf2 and MMPs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091721. [PMID: 36139795 PMCID: PMC9495550 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive, autoimmune disease caused by a malfunction of the immune system. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-arthritic effects and suggest the mechanisms of actions of diosmin and trolox in male Wistar rats. Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) was used to establish RA in the animals by subcutaneous injection of 100 µL CFA/rat into plantar region of right hind leg in two consecutive days. Diosmin and/or trolox were administered orally at a dosage of 20 mg/kg/day to CFA-induced arthritic rats for 2 weeks. The normal and arthritic control groups were orally given the same equivalent volume of a vehicle (1% carboxymethyl cellulose) in which treatment agents were dissolved. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein for the detection of the total leukocyte count (TLC) and differential leukocyte count (DLC) in blood and the detection of rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-13 (IL-13), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as markers of oxidative stress and the antioxidant defense system in serum. The right hind ankle regions of three rats from each group were dissected out and fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin for histological examination and the other three were kept at −30 °C for Western blot analysis of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) protein 50 (NF-κB p50), NF-κB p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 (MMP-1), MMP-3, and MMP-9. The CFA injection was deleterious to the ankle joint’s histological architecture, manifesting as infiltration of inflammatory cells into the articular cartilage, hyperplasia of the synovium, and erosion of the cartilage. All these effects were ameliorated by diosmin and/or trolox, with the combined dose being the most effective. The two compounds significantly lowered the elevated serum levels of RF, ACPA, TNF-α, and IL-17, as well as other pro-inflammatory mediators, such as NF-κB p50, NF-κB p65, iNOS, MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9. They also increased the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-13, and the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2. The compounds stimulated higher activities of antioxidants, such as glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, and reduced lipid peroxidation in the serum of arthritic rats. In conclusion, diosmin, trolox, and their combination, which was the most potent, exerted anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by suppressing NF-κB signaling, inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases, and activating Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda H. Shaaban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
| | - Walaa G. Hozayen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
| | - Amal K. Khaliefa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
| | - Ayman E. El-Kenawy
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek M. Ali
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
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Mustafa S, Akbar M, Khan MA, Sunita K, Parveen S, Pawar JS, Massey S, Agarwal NR, Husain SA. Plant metabolite diosmin as the therapeutic agent in human diseases. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100122. [PMID: 36568270 PMCID: PMC9780066 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived flavonoids have been the focus of research for many years mainly in the last decade owing to their therapeutic properties. So far, about 4000 flavonoids have been identified from plants and diosmin (a flavone glycoside) is one of them. Online databases, previous studies, and reviews have been used to gather information on anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, anti-parasitic, and anti-microbialproperties of diosmin. Effects of diosmin in combination with other flavonoids have been reviewed thoroughly and its administrative routes are also summarized. Additionally, we studied the effect of diosmin on critical protein networks. It exhibits therapeutic effects in diabetes and its associated complications such as neuropathy and dyslipidemia. Combination of diosmin with hesperidin is found to be very effective in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and haemorrhoids. Diosmin is an exquisite therapeutic agent alone as well as in combination with other flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Mustafa
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- DDU Kaushal Kendra, JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mahmood Akbar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Aasif Khan
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Kumari Sunita
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Shabana Parveen
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Jogendra Singh Pawar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Hansen Life Sciences Research Building, Purdue University, 201 S. University Street, 405, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Sheersh Massey
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Nupur Rani Agarwal
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
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Gao Y, Chen H, Liu R, Wu W, Mu H, Han Y, Yang H, Gao H. Ameliorating effects of water bamboo shoot (Zizania latifolia) on acute alcoholism in a mice model and its chemical composition. Food Chem 2022; 378:132122. [PMID: 35033708 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the ameliorative effect of water bamboo shoot (WBS) on acute alcoholism mice was investigated and potential biological compounds were explored. Results showed that extraction methods significantly affected the active substances contents and bioactivities of WBS. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that alkali extract (NE) obtained the highest score, therefore, it was selected for further analysis. Animal experiments showed that NE demonstrated ameliorative effects on acute alcoholism mice as evident by significantly elevated activities of dehydrogenase (alcohol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase), whereas significantly reduced the levels of aminotransferase (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase) in serum. The potential bioactive activity compounds of NE were explored by UPLC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis. Butyl isobutyl phthalate vanillin, ferulic acid methyl ester might be the major compounds in NE on alleviating acute alcoholism. These results indicated that WBS possesses potential ameliorating effect on acute alcoholism.
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Key Words
- 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH): Compound CID: 2,735,032
- 1,4-Dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) Compound CID: 439,153
- 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS): Compound CID: 9,570,474
- Active substance
- Acute alcoholism
- Alcohol dehydrogenase
- Antioxidant activity
- Ascorbic acid: Compound CID: 54,670,067
- Butyl isobutyl phthalate: Compound CID: 28,813
- Ferulic acid methyl ester: Compound CID: 5,357,283
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidoreductase (NAD(+)) Compound CID: 5892
- Salicylic acid: Compound CID: 338
- Water bamboo shoot
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Food Science Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, China National Light Industry, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Hangjun Chen
- Food Science Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, China National Light Industry, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Ruiling Liu
- Food Science Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, China National Light Industry, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Weijie Wu
- Food Science Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, China National Light Industry, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Honglei Mu
- Food Science Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, China National Light Industry, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yanchao Han
- Food Science Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, China National Light Industry, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 32535, China.
| | - Haiyan Gao
- Food Science Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, China National Light Industry, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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9
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Yassin NYS, AbouZid SF, El-Kalaawy AM, Ali TM, Almehmadi MM, Ahmed OM. Silybum marianum total extract, silymarin and silibinin abate hepatocarcinogenesis and hepatocellular carcinoma growth via modulation of the HGF/c-Met, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 145:112409. [PMID: 34781148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been identified as one of the most deadly malignancies with limited therapeutic efficacy worldwide. However, understanding the molecular mechanisms of crosstalk between signaling pathways in HCC and predicting cancer cell responses to targeted therapeutic interventions remain to be challenge. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the anticancerous efficacy of Silybum marianum total extract (STE), silymarin (Sm), and silibinin (Sb) against experimentally-induced HCC in rats. In vitro investigations were also performed and the anticancer effects against HCC cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7) were confirmed. Wistar rats were given diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)/carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and were orally treated with STE (200 mg/kg body weight (bw)), Sm (150 mg/kg bw), and Sb (5 mg/kg bw) every other day from the 1st or 16th week to the 25th week of DEN/AAF/CCl4 injection. Treatment with STE, Sm, and Sb inhibited the growth of cancerous lesions in DEN/AAF/CCl4-treated rats. This inhibition was associated with inhibition of Ki-67 expression and repression of HGF/cMet, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. STE, Sm, and Sb improved liver function biomarkers and tumor markers (AFP, CEA, and CA19.9) and increased total protein and albumin levels in serum. STE, Sm, and Sb treatment was also noted to reduce the hepatic production of lipid peroxides, increase hepatic glutathione content, and induce the activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in DEN/AAF/CCl4-treated rats. These results indicate that STE, Sm, and Sb exert anti-HCC effects through multiple pathways, including suppression of Ki-67 expression and HGF/cMet, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways and enhancement of antioxidant defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Y S Yassin
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sameh F AbouZid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, 3 Cairo-Belbeis Desert Road, P.O. Box 3020 El Salam, 11785 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M El-Kalaawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Ali
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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10
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Alarcón-Sánchez BR, Pérez-Carreón JI, Villa-Treviño S, Arellanes-Robledo J. Molecular alterations that precede the establishment of the hallmarks of cancer: An approach on the prevention of hepatocarcinogenesis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 194:114818. [PMID: 34757033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver injury promotes the molecular alterations that precede the establishment of cancer. Usually, several decades of chronic insults are needed to develop the most common primary liver tumor known as hepatocellular carcinoma. As other cancer types, liver cancer cells are governed by a common set of rules collectively called the hallmarks of cancer. Although those rules have provided a conceptual framework for understanding the complex pathophysiology of established tumors, therapeutic options are still ineffective in advanced stages. Thus, the molecular alterations that precede the establishment of cancer remain an attractive target for therapeutic interventions. Here, we first summarize the chemopreventive interventions targeting the early liver carcinogenesis stages. After an integrative analysis on the plethora of molecular alterations regulated by anticancer agents, we then underline and discuss that two critical processes namely oxidative stress and genetic alterations, play the role of 'dirty work laborer' in the initial cell damage and drive the transformation of preneoplastic into neoplastic cells, respectively; besides, the activation of cellular senescence works as a key mechanism in attempting to prevent the onset and establishment of liver cancer. Whereas the detrimental effects of the binomial made up of oxidative stress and genetic alterations are either eliminated or reduced, senescence activation is promoted by anticancer agents. We argue that collectively, oxidative stress, genetic alterations, and senescence are key events that influence the fate of initiated cells and the establishment of the hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisa Rodope Alarcón-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine - INMEGEN, CDMX, Mexico; Departament of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute - CINVESTAV-IPN, CDMX, Mexico
| | | | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Departament of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute - CINVESTAV-IPN, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine - INMEGEN, CDMX, Mexico; Directorate of Cátedras, National Council of Science and Technology - CONACYT, CDMX, Mexico.
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11
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Mandlik DS, Mandlik SK. An Overview of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Emphasis on Dietary Products and Herbal Remedies. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1549-1567. [PMID: 34396860 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1965630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The most common principal malignant tumor that accounts for ∼80% of cases of liver cancer across the world is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is a multifacetedillness that is caused by several risk factors and often progresses in the context of underlying cirrhosis. It is tremendously difficult and essential for the screening of novel therapeutic medications to establish HCC preclinical models that are equivalent to clinical diseases settings, i.e., representing the tumor microenvironment of HCC. In the progress of HCC, numerous molecular cascades have been supposed to play a part. Sorafenib is the only drug permitted by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of HCC. Yet because of the increasing resistance to the drug and its toxicity, clinical treatment methods are not completely adequate. Newer treatment therapy options are essential for the management of HCC in patients. Natural compounds can be afforded by the patients with improved results with less toxicity and fewer side effects, among different methods of liver cancer treatment. The treatment and management of HCC with natural drugs and their phytoconstituents are connected to several paths that can prevent the occurrence and progress of HCC in several ways. The present review summarizes the etiology of HCC, molecular pathways, newer therapeutic approaches, natural dietary products, herbal plants and phytoconstituents for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa S Mandlik
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Pune, India
| | - Satish K Mandlik
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Pune, India
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12
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Yu X, Wang R, Lai B, Tan M. Effect of Auricularia auricula fermentation broth on the liver and stomach of mice with acute alcoholism. Food Funct 2021; 12:191-202. [PMID: 33295907 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02688c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the protective effect of Auricularia auricula (A. auricula) fermentation broth on the liver and stomach of mice with acute alcoholism was studied. The A. auricula fermentation broth was prepared by adding Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to A. auricula solution. The changes of physical and chemical indexes during the fermentation of A. auricula were monitored, and the results showed the content of polysaccharides and protein in the two kinds of fermentation broth after the fermentation was completed. Furthermore, the characteristic structures of active substances such as proteins, polysaccharides and phenolics were found in the A. auricula fermentation by structural analysis. Antioxidant activity test results showed that the A. auricula fermentation broth had a strong ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. Cell experiments showed that the fermentation broth of A. auricula could significantly enhance the activity of NRK cells and protect NRK cells from H2O2 damage. Animal experiments showed that the A. auricula fermentation broth had protective effects on the liver and stomach of mice with acute alcoholism, and significantly reduced the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in serum. These results indicated that the A. auricula fermentation broth had protective effects on the liver and stomach of mice with acute alcoholism, and could be used as a potential functional food to prevent liver and stomach damage caused by acute alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, P. R. China. and National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, P. R. China and Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, P. R. China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Ruiying Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, P. R. China. and National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, P. R. China and Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, P. R. China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Bin Lai
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, P. R. China. and National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, P. R. China and Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, P. R. China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, P. R. China. and National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, P. R. China and Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, P. R. China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, P. R. China
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13
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The Alleviative Effect of Vitamin B 2 on Potassium Bromate-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8274261. [PMID: 32802879 PMCID: PMC7415125 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8274261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Potassium bromate (PB) is a food enhancer, water disinfection by-product, and a proven carcinogen. It elicits toxicities in the living organism due to exposure and in a dose-dependent manner. The present study discourses the ameliorative efficacy of riboflavin (RF) in PB-administered rodents. The animals were distributed into five treatment groups: control (group I), PB alone (group II, 150 mg/kg), RF alone (group III, 2 mg/kg), PB+RF1 (group IV, 150 mg/kg + 2 mg/kg), and PB+RF2 (group V, 150 mg/kg + 4 mg/kg). After the round of the treatment, the animals were sacrificed to collect their blood and liver samples for the detailed analysis. Group II depicted perturbed liver functions evidenced by altered serum and toxicity markers along with the disturbed redox balance. Also, these biochemical results were found harmonious with histopathological analysis and comet assay. However, group III showed no noticeable alteration in the same parameters, whereas the combination groups (IV and V) exhibited dose-dependent amelioration in the PB-induced toxicities. Interestingly, RF favored apoptosis concomitant with suppressing the necrosis in the PB-challenged groups, as shown by the activity of caspase-3 and lactate dehydrogenase. Histopathological analysis and comet assay further consolidate these results. Hence, RF has significant alleviative property against PB-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo that can be used in the consumer items containing the toxicant.
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14
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Role of Diosmin in protection against the oxidative stress induced damage by gamma-radiation in Wistar albino rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 113:104622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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15
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Fattori V, Rasquel-Oliveira FS, Artero NA, Ferraz CR, Borghi SM, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Diosmin Treats Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Pain and Peritonitis by Blocking NF-κB Activation in Mice. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1018-1026. [PMID: 32083866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacterial infections induce inflammation and pain. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a pathogen-associated molecular pattern and the major constituent of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls. Diosmin is a citrus flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Here we investigated the efficacy of diosmin in a nonsterile model of inflammatory pain and peritonitis induced by LPS. Diosmin reduced in a dose-dependent manner LPS-induced inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia, and neutrophil recruitment to the paw (myeloperoxidase activity). Diosmin also normalized changes in paw weight distribution assessed by static weight bearing as a nonreflexive method of pain measurement. Moreover, treatment with diosmin inhibited LPS-induced peritonitis as observed by a reduction of leukocyte recruitment and oxidative stress. Diosmin reduced LPS-induced total ROS production (DCFDA assay) and superoxide anion production (NBT assay and NBT-positive cells). We also observed a reduction of LPS-induced oxidative stress and cytokine production (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) in the paw. Furthermore, we demonstrated that diosmin inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation in peritoneal exudate. Thus, we demonstrated, using a model of nonsterile inflammation induced by LPS, that diosmin is a promising molecule for the treatment of inflammation and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fattori
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Rasquel-Oliveira
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nayara A Artero
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila R Ferraz
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sergio M Borghi
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departament of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
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16
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Helmy MW, Ghoneim AI, Katary MA, Elmahdy RK. The synergistic anti-proliferative effect of the combination of diosmin and BEZ-235 (dactolisib) on the HCT-116 colorectal cancer cell line occurs through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB axis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2217-2230. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Zheng Y, Zhang R, Shi W, Li L, Liu H, Chen Z, Wu L. Metabolism and pharmacological activities of the natural health-benefiting compound diosmin. Food Funct 2020; 11:8472-8492. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01598a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diosmin is a famous natural flavonoid for treating chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Zheng
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Weimei Shi
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Linfu Li
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Hai Liu
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Zhixi Chen
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Longhuo Wu
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
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18
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Mirzaee S, Mansouri E, Shirani M, Zeinvand-Lorestani M, Khodayar MJ. Diosmin ameliorative effects on oxidative stress and fibrosis in paraquat-induced lung injury in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:36468-36477. [PMID: 31732951 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) induces pulmonary fibrosis, a progressive lung disorder resulting in severe respiratory failure and death. Increased oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, and multiple fibrotic lesions are major features of PQ-induced lung injury. Diosmin (Dio) is a safe drug that is available for clinical use for vascular disorders. Dio exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic activities. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of diosmin on PQ-induced lung injury in mice and the underlying mechanisms involved. Lung injury was induced by PQ (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) in NMRI albino mice and Dio (50 and 100 mg/kg, gavage) was administrated 3 days before PQ and continued for 10 or 24 days. After euthanizing the mice, the biochemical and histopathological markers of lung tissue were determined. PQ significantly increased oxidative stress, inflammatory, and fibrotic markers. PQ increased the level of malonedaldehyde (MDA) and hydroxyproline (HYP) and decreased the level of glutathione (GSH) and catalase activity in the lung. Dio (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly increased GSH levels and catalase activity and decreased HYP content and MDA levels. In addition, Dio reduced histopathological injuries in hematoxylin and eosin-stained and Masson's trichrome-stained sections. These findings suggest that Dio has protective effects against PQ-induced lung injury, which may be due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirus Mirzaee
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Shirani
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Zeinvand-Lorestani
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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19
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Ağır MS, Eraslan G. The effect of diosmin against liver damage caused by cadmium in rats. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12966. [PMID: 31489662 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A total of 40, male Wistar Albino, 2-3-months-old rats were used and divided into four groups. Control group received the vehicle alone, diosmin group received 100 mg/kg.bw diosmin, the cadmium group received 200 ppm cadmium, cadmium plus diosmin group received 200 ppm cadmium, and 100 mg/kg.bw diosmin for 30 days. Some biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase) and oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde [MDA], nitric oxide [NO], superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], gluthatione peroxidase [GSH-Px], and glutathione [GSH]) were analyzed in the samples. Histo-pathological findings were evaluated in the liver. The body weights and liver weights of the animals were measured. The MDA and NO levels and biochemical enzyme activities examined were increased, whereas SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities and GSH levels decreased in cadmium-exposed group. There were also negative changes in body weight, liver weight, and liver tissue histo-phathology. Positive improvements were observed in all these parameters evaluated of the group co-administered cadmium and diosmin. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Cadmium is one of the common environmental pollutants. Diosmin is a type of flavonoid found mainly in citrus fruits. It can also be produced from hesperidine. This compound is used for medical purposes and also has strong antioxidant properties. One of the toxic effects mechanisms of cadmium is oxidative stress and causes liver damage with different pathways. This compound can be used as a supporting agent in addition to the main treatment options against liver damage in case of exposure to possible cadmium. This flavonoid can also be taken with food for prophylactic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Selim Ağır
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Eraslan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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20
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Abdelmoneem MA, Mahmoud M, Zaky A, Helmy MW, Sallam M, Fang JY, Elkhodairy KA, Elzoghby AO. Decorating protein nanospheres with lactoferrin enhances oral COX-2 inhibitor/herbal therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2377-2395. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Lactoferrin (LF)-targeted gliadin nanoparticles (GL-NPs) were developed for targeted oral therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Materials & methods: Celecoxib and diosmin were incorporated in the hydrophobic matrix of GL-NPs whose surface was decorated with LF by electrostatic interaction for binding to asialoglycoprotein receptors overexpressed by liver cancer cells. Results: Targeted GL-NPs showed enhanced cytotoxic activity and increased cellular uptake in liver tumor cells compared with nontargeted NPs. Moreover, they demonstrated superior in vivo antitumor effects including reduction in the expression levels of tumor biomarkers and induction of caspase-mediated apoptosis. Ex vivo imaging of isolated organs exhibited extensive accumulation of NPs in livers more than other organs. Conclusion: LF-targeted GL-NPs could be considered as an efficient nanoplatform for targeted oral drug delivery for liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Abdelmoneem
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Mazen Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
| | - Amira Zaky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhur University, Damanhur 22511, Egypt
| | - Marwa Sallam
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology & Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science & Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kadria A Elkhodairy
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Elzoghby
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technologies, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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21
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Ali FEM, Azouz AA, Bakr AG, Abo-Youssef AM, Hemeida RAM. Hepatoprotective effects of diosmin and/or sildenafil against cholestatic liver cirrhosis: The role of Keap-1/Nrf-2 and P38-MAPK/NF-κB/iNOS signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:294-304. [PMID: 30026087 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Amany A Azouz
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Adel G Bakr
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Amira M Abo-Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A M Hemeida
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
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Dual-targeted casein micelles as green nanomedicine for synergistic phytotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Control Release 2018; 287:78-93. [PMID: 30138716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, green nanomedicines have made transformative difference in cancer therapy researches. Herein, we propose dual-functionalized spray-dried casein micelles (CAS-MCs) for combined delivery of two phytochemicals; berberine (BRB) and diosmin (DSN) as targeted therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The nanomicelles enabled parenteral delivery of the poorly soluble DSN via its encapsulation within their hydrophobic core. Moreover, sustained release of the water soluble BRB was attained by hydrophobic ion pairing with sodium deoxycholate followed by genipin crosslinking of CAS-MCs. Dual-active targeting of MCs, via conjugating both lactobionic acid (LA) and folic acid (FA), resulted in superior cytotoxicity and higher cellular uptake against HepG2 cells compared to single-targeted and non-targeted CAS-MCs. The dual-targeted DSN/BRB-loaded CAS-MCs demonstrated superior in vivo anti-tumor efficacy in HCC bearing mice as revealed by down regulation of cell necrosis markers (NF-κB and TNF-α), inflammatory marker COX2, inhibition of angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis. Histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical Ki67 staining confirmed the superiority of the dual-targeted micelles. Ex-vivo imaging showed preferential liver-specific accumulation of dual-targeted CAS-MCs. Overall, this approach combined the benefits of traditional herbal medicine with nanotechnology via LA/FA-CAS-MCs loaded with BRB and DSN as a promising nanoplatform for targeted HCC therapy.
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Ali FE, Bakr AG, Abo-youssef AM, Azouz AA, Hemeida RA. Targeting Keap-1/Nrf-2 pathway and cytoglobin as a potential protective mechanism of diosmin and pentoxifylline against cholestatic liver cirrhosis. Life Sci 2018; 207:50-60. [PMID: 29852187 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Effect of diosmin on apoptotic signaling molecules in N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in experimental rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 449:27-37. [PMID: 29479636 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and chemopreventive efficiency of diosmin against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in adult male rats. Rats were classified into four groups as follows: Group I: Control, Group II: NDEA-induced hepatocellular carcinogenic rats, Group III: Cancer-bearing animals treated with diosmin (200 mg/kg/body weight/day) orally for 28 days, Group IV: Control animals treated with diosmin (200 mg/kg/body weight/day) alone for 28 days. The model of NDEA-induced HCC rats elicited significant increases in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increase in anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1) with a concomitant significant decline in liver antioxidant enzymes, pro-apoptotic (Bax and Bad) and caspase-3 &-9 proteins. The oral administration of diosmin as a protective agent normalized the altered levels of AFP, LPO, antioxidant enzymes, pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins as well as caspase-3 and -9 proteins. Transmission electron microscopical studies also revealed that treatment of diosmin has a perspective anti-cancer activity by rearranging hepatic cell structure and its integrity. Results of this study suggest that diosmin may be one of a pharmacological and therapeutic representative against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Barnwal P, Vafa A, Afzal SM, Shahid A, Hasan SK, Alpashree, Sultana S. Benzo(a)pyrene induces lung toxicity and inflammation in mice: prevention by carvacrol. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:752-761. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327117735572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) is an environmental pollutant which causes various lung toxicities. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of carvacrol, a monoterpenic phenol against B(a)P-induced lung toxicity. In this study, Swiss albino mice were pretreated with carvacrol (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) orally for 7 consecutive days before administering oral B(a)P (125 mg/kg). Preventive efficacy of carvacrol was assessed in terms of membrane oxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, histopathological changes, and inflammatory (iNOS, NF-κB, and COX-2) markers. Carvacrol pretreatment in the two doses restored B(a)P-induced lipid peroxidation and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Protein expressions of iNOS, NF-κB, and COX-2 in the lung tissue were found to be upregulated by B(a)P. Carvacrol treatment, however, downregulated their expressions by decreasing the marker of positive stained cells and restored the histopathological architecture of lung tissue. Our results suggest that carvacrol can be used as a protective agent against B(a)P-induced lung toxicity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Barnwal
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - A Vafa
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - SM Afzal
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - A Shahid
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - SK Hasan
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Alpashree
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - S Sultana
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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Diosmin Attenuates Methotrexate-Induced Hepatic, Renal, and Cardiac Injury: A Biochemical and Histopathological Study in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3281670. [PMID: 28819543 PMCID: PMC5551532 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3281670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the beneficial role of diosmin, a biologically active flavonoid, against methotrexate- (MTX-) induced hepatic, renal, and cardiac injuries in mice. Male Swiss albino mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of MTX (at 20 mg/kg, body weight) either alone or in combination with oral diosmin (at 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight, for 10 days). Serum was used to evaluate tissue injury markers, while hepatic, renal, and cardiac tissue samples were obtained for determination of antioxidant activity as well as histopathological examination. Diosmin treatment ameliorated the MTX-induced elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases, urea, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinases as well as plasma proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1-beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). Additionally, both diosmin doses significantly reduced tissue levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide and increased those of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, compared to the MTX-intoxicated group. Histopathological examination showed that diosmin significantly minimized the MTX-induced histological alterations and nearly restored the normal architecture of hepatic, renal, and cardiac tissues. Based on these findings, diosmin may be a promising agent for protection against MTX-induced cytotoxicity in patients with cancer and autoimmune diseases.
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Khairy Abd M, Abu-Bakr H A. Radiosensitizing Efficacy of Diosmin- Hesperidin Complex Against Ehrlich Solid Carcinoma in Mice, A Potential Role of Histone Deacetylase and Pro-angiogenic Chaperones Targeting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH 2017; 13:59-70. [DOI: 10.3923/ijcr.2017.59.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Ahmed S, Mundhe N, Borgohain M, Chowdhury L, Kwatra M, Bolshette N, Ahmed A, Lahkar M. Diosmin Modulates the NF-kB Signal Transduction Pathways and Downregulation of Various Oxidative Stress Markers in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy. Inflammation 2017; 39:1783-97. [PMID: 27492452 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia-mediated oxidative stress plays an imperative role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. NF-kB is an important transcription factor in eukaryotes which regulates a diverse array of cellular process, including inflammation, immunological response, apoptosis, growth and development. Increased expression of NF-kB plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases including diabetic nephropathy. Hence, the present study was designed to explore the nephroprotective nature of diosmin by assessing the various biochemical parameters, markers of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine levels in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg body weight). Seventy-two hours after the conformation of diabetes (blood glucose level ≥ 250 mg/dl), the rats were segregated into four groups, each group having six animals. Diabetic rats were treated with diosmin at a dose of 50 mg and 100 mg/kg body weight respectively. After the 28th day of treatment, rats were sacrificed, blood serum, plasma and kidney tissue were collected for various biochemical analysis. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured through ELISA kit. Diosmin treatment produces significant reduction in the blood glucose and plasma insulin level and increases the body weight when compared with diabetic rats. Elevated level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) were significantly restored after 28 days of diosmin treatment. Diosmin treatment group also restores the normal architecture of the kidney tissue which was confirmed by histopathological examination. Moreover, oral administration of diosmin shows a significant normalization in the level of NF-kB, proving its pivotal role in maintaining renal function. The above ameliorative effects were more pronounced with diosmin at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The above results permit us to conclude that treatment with diosmin halts hyperglycaemia-mediated oxidative stress and decline in pro-inflammatory cytokines and thus has beneficial anti-diabetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahabuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India.
| | - Nitin Mundhe
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Manash Borgohain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Liakat Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Mohit Kwatra
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Nityanand Bolshette
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Anwaruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560074, India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
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Dias-Souza MV, Martins dos Santos R. Phytonutrients of Nutraceutical Importance. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1762-7.ch020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytotherapy re-emerged in the latest years as a healing system accepted and spread worldwide, and different molecules have been investigated due to their benefits to health. Nutraceutical formulations, which allow the intake of phytonutrients (generally in low levels in plant food) in concentrations that are enough to achieve the desired outcomes, represent feasible alternatives to improve general health and to prevent and treat varied diseases. Notwithstanding the incompleteness of an evidence-based clinical use of nutraceuticals, many questions remain unanswered regarding their global effects in humans and animals. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to provide recent evidence on chemical and pharmacological features of the main phytonutrients explored in nutraceutical formulations, focusing antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiproliferative potentials. Also, some insights on drug-phytonutrients interactions will be discussed.
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Evaluation of antioxidant and stabilizing lipid peroxidation nature of Solanum xanthocarpum leaves in experimentally diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:430-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Lewinska A, Adamczyk-Grochala J, Kwasniewicz E, Deregowska A, Wnuk M. Diosmin-induced senescence, apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer cells of different p53 status and ERK activity. Toxicol Lett 2016; 265:117-130. [PMID: 27890807 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Relatively low bioavailability of plant-derived nutraceuticals with anticancer properties may limit their usefulness for prevention and therapy of cancer. In the present study, we have screened for nutraceuticals (n=30) that would act at low micromolar range against phenotypically distinct breast cancer cell lines, namely MCF-7 (ER+, PR+/-, HER2-), MDA-MB-231 (ER-, PR-, HER2-) and SK-BR-3 (ER-, PR-, HER2+), and diosmin, a citrus fruit flavonoid belonging to a flavone subclass, was selected. MCF-7 cell line was found to be the most sensitive to diosmin treatment. Diosmin caused G2/M cell cycle arrest, elevation in p53, p21 and p27 levels and stress-induced premature senescence when used at lower concentrations (5 and 10μM). Diosmin (20μM) also promoted apoptosis that was not observed in normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). Diosmin stimulated oxidative and nitrosative stress, DNA damage and changes in global DNA methylation patterns. The status of p53 (wild type versus mutant) and the levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in a steady state, and diosmin-induced autophagy may reflect diverse response to diosmin treatment in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells, which in turn results in different cell fates. Taken together, diosmin that acts at low micromolar range against breast cancer cells may be considered as a promising candidate for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lewinska
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland.
| | | | - Ewa Kwasniewicz
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Anna Deregowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
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Hasan HF, Abdel-Rafei MK, Galal SM. Diosmin attenuates radiation-induced hepatic fibrosis by boosting PPAR-γ expression and hampering miR-17-5p-activated canonical Wnt-β-catenin signaling. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 95:400-414. [PMID: 28177765 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is one of the major complications from upper right quadrant radiotherapy. MicroRNA-17-5p (miR-17-5p) is hypothesized to act as a regulator of hepatic stellate cell (HSCs) activation by activation of the canonical Wnt-β-catenin pathway. Diosmin (Dios), a citrus bioflavonoid, is known to possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. PURPOSE To explore the molecular mechanisms that underlie radiation-induced liver fibrosis, and to evaluate the possible influence of Dios on the miR-17-5p-Wnt-β-catenin signaling axis during fibrogenesis provoked by irradiation (IRR) in rats. Also, the effect of Dios on hepatic peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) expression as a regulator for HSC activation was considered. METHODS We administered 100 mg·(kg body mass)-1·day-1 (per oral) of Dios were administered to IRR-exposed rats (overall dose of 12 Gy on 6 fractions of 2 Gy each) for 6 successive weeks. RESULTS Data analysis revealed that Dios treatment mitigated oxidative stress, enhanced antioxidant defenses, alleviated hepatic inflammatory responses, abrogated pro-fibrogenic cytokines, and stimulated PPAR-γ expression. Dios treatment repressed the miR-17-5p activated Wnt-β-catenin signaling induced by IRR. Moreover, Dios treatment restored the normal hepatic architecture and reversed pathological alterations induced by IRR. CONCLUSION We hypothesize that the stimulation of PPAR-γ expression and interference with miR-17-5p activated Wnt-β-catenin signaling mediates the antifibrotic properties of Dios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Farouk Hasan
- a Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, PO Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Khairy Abdel-Rafei
- a Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, PO Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Mohamed Galal
- b Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, PO Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Germoush MO. Diosmin Protects Against Cyclophosphamide-induced Liver Injury Through Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.644.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Arab HH, Salama SA, Omar HA, Arafa ESA, Maghrabi IA. Diosmin protects against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats: novel anti-ulcer actions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122417. [PMID: 25821971 PMCID: PMC4378914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption has been commonly associated with gastric mucosal lesions including gastric ulcer. Diosmin (DIO) is a natural citrus flavone with remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory features that underlay its protection against cardiac, hepatic and renal injuries. However, its impact on gastric ulcer has not yet been elucidated. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of DIO against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. Pretreatment with DIO (100 mg/kg p.o.) attenuated the severity of ethanol gastric mucosal damage as evidenced by lowering of ulcer index (UI) scores, area of gastric lesions, histopathologic aberrations and leukocyte invasion. These actions were analogous to those exerted by the reference antiulcer sucralfate. DIO suppressed gastric inflammation by curbing of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels along with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 expression. It also augmented the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels. Meanwhile, DIO halted gastric oxidative stress via inhibition of lipid peroxides with concomitant enhancement of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC). With respect to gastric mucosal apoptosis, DIO suppressed caspase-3 activity and cytochrome C (Cyt C) with enhancement of the anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in favor of cell survival. These favorable actions were associated with upregulation of the gastric cytoprotective prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO). Together, these findings accentuate the gastroprotective actions of DIO in ethanol gastric injury which were mediated via concerted multi-pronged actions, including suppression of gastric inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis besides boosting of the antioxidant and the cytoprotective defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H. Arab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Biochemistry Division and GTMR Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21974, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Samir A. Salama
- Biochemistry Division and GTMR Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21974, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Hany A. Omar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab of Emirates
| | - El-Shaimaa A. Arafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A. Maghrabi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21974, Saudi Arabia
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Yang F, Li J, Zhu J, Wang D, Chen S, Bai X. Hydroxysafflor yellow A inhibits angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma via blocking ERK/MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 754:105-14. [PMID: 25720342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a flavonoid derived and isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Carthamus tinctorius L., possesses anti-tumor activity. However, its effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been investigated. The proliferation and metastasis of HCC are dependent on angiogenesis, which also strongly links with several signal transduction pathways associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis. This study aimed to explore the effect of HSYA on vasculogenesis and to determine its molecular mechanism by investigating the expression of ERK/MAPK (p-c-Raf, c-Raf, p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2) and NF-κB (p65, IκB and p-IκB) signaling pathway in H22 tumor-bearing mice. The results showed that HSYA could considerably suppress tumor growth by inhibiting secretion of angiogenesis factors (vascular endothelial growth factor A, basic fibroblast growth factor) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor1. At the moleculcould block ERK1/2 phosphorylation and then restrain the activation of NF-κB and its nuclear translocation by down-regulating the expression of p65 in the nucleus, up-regulating p65 level in the cytoplasm, inhibiting IκB phosphorylation and cytoplasmic degradation of IκB-α. Finally, we demonstrate that HSYA could suppress mRNA expression levels of cell proliferation-related genes (cyclinD1, c-myc, c-Fos) compared with negative control group. And best of all, HSYA could improve spleen/thymus indexes, which was evaluated as the marker of protective effect on the immune system. Our findings support HSYA as a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yang
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China; Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jingmin Li
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Jinhui Zhu
- Wang Ge Zhuang Central Hospital, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dong Wang
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Shaoshui Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xianyong Bai
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
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Induction of anti-tumor immunity by dendritic cells transduced with FAT10 recombinant adenovirus in mice. Cell Immunol 2014; 293:17-21. [PMID: 25461613 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive and rapidly fatal malignancy representing the common cancer worldwide. The specific cellular gene involved in carcinogenesis has not been fully identified. The ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10, a recently reported to be over-expressed in 90% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) carcinomas, and might be regarded as an ideal target for HCC therapy. In the present study, we utilized DCs transduced with FAT10 recombinant adenovirus to elicit CTLs in vitro. In addition, the Trimera mice were immunized with the transduced DCs to elicit the immune response in vivo. The results demonstrated that transduced DCs could effectively induce specific CTL response against HCC without lysing autologous lymphocytes, but also significantly inhibit the tumor growth and prolong the life span of tumor bearing mice. These results suggest that FAT10 recombinant adenovirus transduced DCs might be a promising therapeutical strategy for treatment of HCC.
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Hasan SK, Khan R, Ali N, Khan AQ, Rehman MU, Tahir M, Lateef A, Nafees S, Mehdi SJ, Rashid S, Shahid A, Sultana S. 18-β Glycyrrhetinic acid alleviates 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:628-41. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327114554045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
2-Acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) is a known hepatic carcinogen which leads to tumour formation in rodents. 18-β Glycyrrhetinic acid (18 β-GA) derived from liquorice plant has various pharmacological properties such as anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, hepatoprotective and antioxidant. This study is designed to elucidate the chemopreventive properties of 18 β-GA against 2-AAF-induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats and evaluated its effect on inflammatory and tumour promotion marker and activities of different oxidative stress enzymes. Administration of 2-AAF at the dose of (50 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) intraperitoneally (i.p.)) for five consecutive days induces hepatic toxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress and hyperproliferation. Pretreatment with 18 β-GA at two different doses (45 and 75 mg kg−1 b.w.) significantly ameliorates 2-AAF-induced increased lipid peroxidation, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, xanthine oxidase activities and activities of phase-II detoxifying enzymes along with the levels of glutathione content. Administration of 18 β-GA also significantly restored the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclooxygenase 2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor κB. Furthermore, histological observations also support the preventive effects of 18 β-GA. Our findings suggest that pretreatment with 18 β-GA showed potential hepatoprotective effects via attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and hyperproliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- SK Hasan
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - R Khan
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - N Ali
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - AQ Khan
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - MU Rehman
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - M Tahir
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - A Lateef
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - S Nafees
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - SJ Mehdi
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - S Rashid
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - A Shahid
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - S Sultana
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
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