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Abd El-Ghany WA. Potential Effects of Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) on the Performance, Immunity, Gut Health, Anti-Oxidant Status, Blood Parameters, and Intestinal Microbiota of Poultry: An Updated Comprehensive Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:498. [PMID: 38338142 PMCID: PMC10854602 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics as growth promoters or for the prevention of some poultry diseases has faced global concern and serious criticism. Their addition to poultry feed has shown hazardous effects, including the development of antimicrobial resistance and a potentially harmful effect on human health. To eliminate these threats, there is increasing interest in natural alternatives. Plant derivatives such as garlic (Allium sativum L.) and its derivatives are presently extensively used in the poultry production system. The dietary supplementation of broilers and layers with garlic induced improvement in the production parameters, carcass quality, and intestinal integrity. The modulation of the immune response against some important viral diseases has resulted from the supplementation of poultry with garlic. Moreover, garlic has been shown to modulate gut health through antibacterial and antiparasitic activities. Treatment with garlic can also mitigate oxidative stress and reduce free-radical production. The reduction of cholesterol levels and improvement of some liver and blood parameters were also reported following the dietary inoculation of garlic. This review was designed to investigate the influence of garlic as a dietary additive on the performance, immunity, gut health, anti-oxidant status, blood parameters, and intestinal microbiota of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Abd El-Ghany
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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Alluri R, Kilari EK, Pasala PK, Kopalli SR, Koppula S. Repurposing Diltiazem for Its Neuroprotective Anti-Dementia Role against Intra-Cerebroventricular Streptozotocin-Induced Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease-Type Rat Model. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1688. [PMID: 37629545 PMCID: PMC10455909 DOI: 10.3390/life13081688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neuropsychiatric disorder and a common cause of progressive dementia. Diltiazem (DTZ), the non-dihydropyridine benzothiazepine class of calcium channel blocker (CCB), used clinically in angina and other cardiovascular disorders, has proven neurological benefits. In the present study, the neuroprotective anti-dementia effects of DTZ against intra-cerebroventricular-streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)-induced sporadic AD (SAD)-type rat model was investigated. ICV-STZ-induced cognitive impairments were measured via passive avoidance and Morris water maze tasks. Anti-oxidative enzyme status, pro-inflammatory markers, and amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein expression in rat brain tissues were measured using ELISA kits, Western blotting, and immunostaining techniques. The data revealed that ICV-STZ injection in rats significantly induced cognitive deficits and altered the levels of oxidative and pro-inflammatory markers (p < 0.05~p < 0.001). Treatment with DTZ (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for twenty-one days, 1 h before a single ICV-STZ (3 mg/kg) injection, significantly improved cognitive impairments and ameliorated the ICV-STZ-induced altered nitrite, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, and IL-1β) and anti-oxidative enzyme levels (superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione). Further, DTZ restored the increased Aβ protein expression in ICV-STZ-induced brain tissue. Considering the results obtained, DTZ might have a potential therapeutic role in treating and managing AD and related dementia pathologies due to its anti-dementia activity in SAD-type conditions in rats induced by ICV-STZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Alluri
- Cognitive Science Research Initiative Lab., Department of Pharmacology, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Medak Dist., Narsapur 502313, India
| | - Eswar Kumar Kilari
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Pasala
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur—JNTUA, Anantapur 515721, India
| | - Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 380-701, Republic of Korea
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Shati AA, Eid RA, Zaki MSA, Alqahtani YA, Al-Qahtani SM, Chandramoorthy HC. Lycopene Scavenges Cellular ROS, Modulates Autophagy and Improves Survival through 7SK snRNA Interaction in Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2022; 11. [PMID: 36429045 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chance of survival rate and autophagy of smooth muscle cells under calcium stress were drastically improved with a prolonged inclusion of Lycopene in the media. The results showed an improved viability from 41% to 69% and a reduction in overall autophagic bodies from 7% to 3%, which was well in agreement with the LC3II and III mRNA levels. However, the proliferation was slow compared to the controls. The fall in the major inflammatory marker TNF-α and improved antioxidant enzyme GPx were regarded as significant restoration markers of cell survival. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) were reduced from 8 fold to 3 fold post addition of lycopene for 24 h. Further, the docking studies revealed binding of lycopene molecules with 7SK snRNA at 7.6 kcal/mol docking energy with 300 ns stability under physiological conditions. Together, these results suggest that Lycopene administration during ischemic heart disease might improve the functions of the smooth muscle cells and 7SK snRNA might be involved in the binding of lycopene and its antioxidant protective effects.
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Cuba LDF, Salum FG, Guimarães FS, Cherubini K, Borghetti RL, de Figueiredo MAZ. Cannabidiol on 5-FU-induced oral mucositis in mice. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1483-1493. [PMID: 32400905 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, histological, hematological, and oxidative stress effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in mice with induced oral mucositis. METHODS We used 90 mice of the CF-1 strain in which oral mucositis was induced using a protocol with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy. The animals were divided randomly into 10 study groups. Three groups were treated with different doses of CBD (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg), while 2 were control groups (positive control: 5-FU + mechanical trauma + placebo; and negative control: mechanical trauma + placebo), and 2 experimental times were studied (4 and 7 days). All treatments were by intraperitoneal administration. RESULTS In the clinical evaluation, the groups treated with CBD showed less severity of oral lesions compared with the positive control at both experimental times. The intensity of the inflammatory response was also lower in the groups treated with this drug, but there was no statistically significant difference when compared with the positive control. With regard to erythrocyte, leukocyte, and platelet counts and anti-oxidant enzyme activity, the groups treated with CBD showed better results, but only some of these variables showed statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS CBD seems to exert an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity favoring a faster resolution of oral mucositis in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia de Freitas Cuba
- Division of Oral Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Division of Oral Medicine, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Salum
- Division of Oral Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Karen Cherubini
- Division of Oral Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Poorani R, Bhatt AN, Das UN. Modulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution mediators by γ-linolenic acid: an important element in radioprotection against ionizing radiation. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1448-1456. [PMID: 33224346 PMCID: PMC7667419 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.92469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current study explored the radio-protective property of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) in C57BL/6J mice against low linear energy transfer ionizing radiation (IR; X-rays) and its modulatory effect on the production of lipid mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), leukotriene E4 and lipoxin A4 (LXA4) in mice plasma. METHODS The effect of GLA pre-treatment on radiation induced inflammation was assessed by estimating plasma levels of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), TMOP/NO and various anti-oxidant enzymes. RESULTS γ-linolenic acid pre-treated mice exposed to lethal IR dose (7.5 Gy) showed a decrease in plasma levels of HMGB1, PGE2 and LXA4 and a fall in TMOP/NO ratio and improvement in anti-oxidant enzymes: catalase, glutathione transferase and glutathione peroxidase compared to IR mice, suggesting that GLA suppresses IR-induced inflammation and restores the pro- vs. anti-oxidant ratio to near normal, which could explain its radioprotective action. CONCLUSIONS GLA showed radioprotective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangachar Poorani
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi, India
- BioScience Research Centre and Department of Medicine, GVP Hospital and Medical College, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Anant N. Bhatt
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Undurti N. Das
- BioScience Research Centre and Department of Medicine, GVP Hospital and Medical College, Visakhapatnam, India
- UND Life Sciences, Battle Ground, WA, USA
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Nyakudya TT, Isaiah S, Ayeleso A, Ndhlala AR, Mukwevho E, Erlwanger KH. Short-Term Neonatal Oral Administration of Oleanolic Acid Protects against Fructose-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Skeletal Muscles of Suckling Rats. Molecules. 2019;24. [PMID: 30781794 PMCID: PMC6413042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional manipulations in the neonatal period are associated with the development of negative or positive health outcomes later in life. Excessive fructose consumption has been attributed to the increase in the global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the development of oxidative stress. Oleanolic acid (OA) has anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects. We investigated the protective potential of orally administering OA in the neonatal period, to prevent fructose-induced oxidative stress, adverse health outcomes and maturation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in suckling rats. Seven-day old Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 30) were gavaged daily with 10 mL/kg of: distilled water (DW), oleanolic acid (OA; 60 mg/kg), high fructose solution (HF; 20% w/v), or OAHF for 7 days. On day 14, tissue samples were collected to determine clinical health profiles, hepatic lipid content, and activity of anti-oxidant enzymes. Furthermore, biomarkers of oxidative stress and anti-oxidant capacity in the skeletal muscles were assessed. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) morphometry was measured. Rats in all groups grew over the 7-day treatment period. There were no significant differences in the terminal body masses, GIT morphometry, surrogate markers of general health, liver lipid content across all treatment groups (p < 0.05). Neonatal fructose administration decreased the activity of catalase, depleted GSH and increased lipid peroxidation. However, the level of GSH and catalase activity were improved by neonatal OA treatment. Short-term oral OA administration during the critical developmental period protects against fructose-induced oxidative stress without adverse effects on health outcomes associated with MetS or precocious development of the GIT in suckling male and female rats.
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Nanduri J, Peng Y, Wang N, Khan SA, Semenza GL, Prabhakar NR. DNA methylation in the central and efferent limbs of the chemoreflex requires carotid body neural activity. J Physiol 2018; 596:3087-3100. [PMID: 29148180 PMCID: PMC6068255 DOI: 10.1113/jp274833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The mechanisms underlying long-term (30 days) intermittent hypoxia (LT-IH)-evoked DNA methylation of anti-oxidant enzyme (AOE) gene repression in the carotid body (CB) reflex pathway were examined. LT-IH-treated rats showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the CB reflex pathway. Administration of a ROS scavenger or CB ablation blocked LT-IH-evoked DNA methylation and AOE gene repression in the central and efferent limbs of the CB reflex. LT-IH increased DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) activity through upregulation of Dnmt1 and 3b proteins by ROS-dependent inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) by Akt. A pan-Akt inhibitor prevented LT-IH-induced GSK3β inactivation, elevated Dnmt protein expression and activity, AOE gene methylation, sympathetic activation and hypertension. ABSTRACT Long-term exposure to intermittent hypoxia (LT-IH; 30 days), simulating blood O2 profiles during sleep apnoea, has been shown to repress anti-oxidant enzyme (AOE) gene expression by DNA methylation in the carotid body (CB) reflex pathway, resulting in persistent elevation of plasma catecholamine levels and blood pressure. The present study examined the mechanisms by which LT-IH induces DNA methylation. Adult rats exposed to LT-IH showed elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the CB, nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS) and rostroventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and adrenal medulla (AM), which represent the central and efferent limbs of the CB reflex, respectively. ROS scavenger treatment during the first ten days of IH exposure prevented ROS accumulation, blocked DNA methylation, and normalized AOE gene expression, suggesting that ROS generated during the early stages of IH activate DNA methylation. CB ablation prevented the ROS accumulation, normalized AOE gene expression in the nTS, RVLM, and AM and blocked DNA methylation, suggesting that LT-IH-induced DNA methylation in the central and efferent limbs of the CB reflex is indirect and requires CB neural activity. LT-IH increased DNA methyl transferase (Dnmt) activity through upregulation of Dnmt1 and 3b protein expression due to ROS-dependent inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) by protein kinase B (Akt). Treating rats with the pan-Akt inhibitor GSK690693 blocked the induction of Dnmt activity, Dnmt protein expression, and DNA methylation, leading to normalization of AOE gene expression as well as plasma catecholamine levels and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayasri Nanduri
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Centre for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, Biological Science DivisionThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Ying‐Jie Peng
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Centre for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, Biological Science DivisionThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Centre for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, Biological Science DivisionThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Shakil A. Khan
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Centre for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, Biological Science DivisionThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Gregg L. Semenza
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering; Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Oncology, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry; and McKusick‐Nathans Institute of Genetic MedicineThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Nanduri R. Prabhakar
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Centre for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, Biological Science DivisionThe University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
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Ahmed S, Mundhe N, Borgohain M, Chowdhury L, Kwatra M, Bolshette N, Ahmed A, Lahkar M. Diosmin Modulates the NF-kB Signal Transduction Pathways and Downregulation of Various Oxidative Stress Markers in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy. Inflammation 2017; 39:1783-97. [PMID: 27492452 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia-mediated oxidative stress plays an imperative role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. NF-kB is an important transcription factor in eukaryotes which regulates a diverse array of cellular process, including inflammation, immunological response, apoptosis, growth and development. Increased expression of NF-kB plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases including diabetic nephropathy. Hence, the present study was designed to explore the nephroprotective nature of diosmin by assessing the various biochemical parameters, markers of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine levels in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg body weight). Seventy-two hours after the conformation of diabetes (blood glucose level ≥ 250 mg/dl), the rats were segregated into four groups, each group having six animals. Diabetic rats were treated with diosmin at a dose of 50 mg and 100 mg/kg body weight respectively. After the 28th day of treatment, rats were sacrificed, blood serum, plasma and kidney tissue were collected for various biochemical analysis. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured through ELISA kit. Diosmin treatment produces significant reduction in the blood glucose and plasma insulin level and increases the body weight when compared with diabetic rats. Elevated level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) were significantly restored after 28 days of diosmin treatment. Diosmin treatment group also restores the normal architecture of the kidney tissue which was confirmed by histopathological examination. Moreover, oral administration of diosmin shows a significant normalization in the level of NF-kB, proving its pivotal role in maintaining renal function. The above ameliorative effects were more pronounced with diosmin at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The above results permit us to conclude that treatment with diosmin halts hyperglycaemia-mediated oxidative stress and decline in pro-inflammatory cytokines and thus has beneficial anti-diabetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahabuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India.
| | - Nitin Mundhe
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Manash Borgohain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Liakat Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Mohit Kwatra
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Nityanand Bolshette
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Anwaruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560074, India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
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Nanduri J, Peng YJ, Wang N, Khan SA, Semenza GL, Kumar GK, Prabhakar NR. Epigenetic regulation of redox state mediates persistent cardiorespiratory abnormalities after long-term intermittent hypoxia. J Physiol 2016; 595:63-77. [PMID: 27506145 DOI: 10.1113/jp272346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The effects of short-term (ST; 10 days) and long-term (LT; 30 days) intermittent hypoxia (IH) on blood pressure (BP), breathing and carotid body (CB) chemosensory reflex were examined in adult rats. ST- and LT-IH treated rats exhibited hypertension, irregular breathing with apnoea and augmented the CB chemosensory reflex, with all these responses becoming normalized during recovery from ST- but not from LT-IH. The persistent cardiorespiratory responses to LT-IH were associated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the CB and adrenal medulla, which were a result of DNA methylation-dependent suppression of genes encoding anti-oxidant enzymes (AOEs). Treating rats with decitabine either during LT-IH or during recovery from LT-IH prevented DNA methylation of AOE genes, normalized the expression of AOE genes and ROS levels, reversed the heightened CB chemosensory reflex and hypertension, and also stabilized breathing. ABSTRACT Rodents exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH), simulating blood O2 saturation profiles during obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), have been shown to exhibit a heightened carotid body (CB) chemosensory reflex and hypertension. CB chemosensory reflex activation also results in unstable breathing with apnoeas. However, the effect of chronic IH on breathing is not known. In the present study, we examined the effects of chronic IH on breathing along with blood pressure (BP) and assessed whether the autonomic responses are normalized after recovery from chronic IH. Studies were performed on adult, male, Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to either short-term (ST; 10 days) or long-term (LT, 30 days) IH. Rats exposed to either ST- or LT-IH exhibited hypertension, irregular breathing with apnoeas, an augmented CB chemosensory reflex as indicated by elevated CB neural activity and plasma catecholamine levels, and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the CB and adrenal medulla (AM). All these effects were normalized after recovery from ST-IH but not from LT-IH. Analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying the persistent effects of LT-IH revealed increased DNA methylation of genes encoding anti-oxidant enzymes (AOEs). Treatment with decitabine, a DNA methylation inhibitor, either during LT-IH or during recovery from LT-IH, prevented DNA methylation, normalized the expression of AOE genes, ROS levels, CB chemosensory reflex and BP, and also stabilized breathing. These results suggest that persistent cardiorespiratory abnormalities caused by LT-IH are mediated by epigenetic re-programming of the redox state in the CB chemosensory reflex pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayasri Nanduri
- Institute For Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, Biological Science Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ying-Jie Peng
- Institute For Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, Biological Science Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute For Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, Biological Science Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shakil A Khan
- Institute For Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, Biological Science Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregg L Semenza
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Oncology, Radiation Oncology and Biological Chemistry, and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ganesh K Kumar
- Institute For Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, Biological Science Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nanduri R Prabhakar
- Institute For Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, Biological Science Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Li W, Liu J, Ashraf U, Li G, Li Y, Lu W, Gao L, Han F, Hu J. Exogenous γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Application Improved Early Growth, Net Photosynthesis, and Associated Physio-Biochemical Events in Maize. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:919. [PMID: 27446149 PMCID: PMC4916788 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an endogenous signaling molecule and involved in growth regulations and plant development, however, a little information is available on the consequences of exogenous GABA application on growth, development, and associated physio-biochemical processes in maize. The present study examined the GABA-induced regulations in early growth, net photosynthetic rate, gas exchange, osmoregulation, and enzymatic activities in three maize cultivars, i.e., Yuecainuo 6, Zhengtian 68, and Yuecainuo 2. Two levels of GABA, i.e., 0 mg L(-1) and 50 mg L(-1), in solution form, with total application volume of 100 ml per pot containing 15 maize seedlings were exogenously applied. Results revealed that exogenous GABA application improved seedling growth in terms of seedling length and biomass accumulation in all maize cultivars at both 3 and 7 days after treatment (DAT). It also promoted net photosynthesis and variably affected gas exchange attributes, i.e., stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr), as well as leaves SPAD value. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation [in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA)] under GABA treated maize seedlings were also remained variable; however, osmolyte accumulation (protein and proline) and activities of anti-oxidants enzymes, i.e., super-oxide dismutase and peroxidase were also affected differently at both 3 and 7 DAT in all maize cultivars. Furthermore, enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism, e.g., nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase were improved. These results suggest the involvement of GABA in various physio-metablical mechanisms which might lead to improvement in morphological growth of maize. In future, research is still needed at molecular and genetic levels to unravel the involvement of GABA-mediated regulations in growth and its associated physio-biochemical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Li
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement of Guangdong ProvinceGuangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement of Guangdong ProvinceGuangzhou, China
| | - Umair Ashraf
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Gaoke Li
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement of Guangdong ProvinceGuangzhou, China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement of Guangdong ProvinceGuangzhou, China
| | - Wenjia Lu
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement of Guangdong ProvinceGuangzhou, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement of Guangdong ProvinceGuangzhou, China
| | - Fuguang Han
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement of Guangdong ProvinceGuangzhou, China
| | - Jianguang Hu
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement of Guangdong ProvinceGuangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianguang Hu,
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Dwivedi VK, Chandra M, Misra PC, Misra MK. Effect of vitamin E on platelet enzymatic anti-oxidants in the patients of myocardial infarction. Indian J Clin Biochem 2012; 20:21-5. [PMID: 23105488 DOI: 10.1007/bf02893036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Effect of administration of 600 mg. vitamin E each day, for six days, was observed on activity of some of the anti-oxidant enzymes and levels of malondialdehyde (as an index of free radical mediated damage) in the platelets of patients reperfused after myocardial infarction. It has been found that vitamin E administration significantly lowers the level of malondialdehyde in the patients. Vitamin E administration increases the activities of anti oxidant enzymes (viz. superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and catalase) tested both in the patients and healthy controls. Vitamin E administration causes general stimulation of anti-oxidant enzyme activities both in healthy persons and the patients, however, lowering of lipid per-oxidation upon administration of vitamin E is specific for patients. These findings exhibit beneficial role of vitamin E administration in the management of the patients reperfused after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, 226 007 Lucknow
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Cornejo-Garcia JA, Mayorga C, Torres MJ, Fernandez TD, R-Pena R, Bravo I, Mates JM, Blanca M. Anti-oxidant enzyme activities and expression and oxidative damage in patients with non-immediate reactions to drugs. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 145:287-95. [PMID: 16879248 PMCID: PMC1809670 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions with an immunological basis (ADRIB) may involve activation of other concomitant, non-specific mechanisms, amplifying the specific response and contributing to the severity and duration. One concomitant mechanism could be the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or their detoxification by anti-oxidants, including anti-oxidant enzymes. We analysed the activity of the anti-oxidant enzymes Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPX), as well as certain markers of oxidative damage (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and carbonyl content) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with non-immediate ADRIB using spectrophotometric methods and the anti-oxidant enzymes expression by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. SOD activity and expression were increased in all types of non-immediate reactions (urticaria, maculopapular exanthema and toxic epidermal necrolysis). Regarding oxidative damage, TBARS were increased in urticaria and maculopapular exanthema, and carbonyl groups in all types of reactions. Our observations indicate that oxidative damage occurs in non-immediate reactions. Carbonyl stress and the inadequacy of the anti-oxidant defences are probable causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Cornejo-Garcia
- Research Laboratory for Allergic Diseases, Carlos Haya Hospital, Málaga, Spain
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