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Maimaitijiang A, He D, Li D, Li W, Su Z, Fan Z, Li J. Progress in Research of Nanotherapeutics for Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9973. [PMID: 39337463 PMCID: PMC11432649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has been widely applied in oncotherapy. However, the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) has diminished the effectiveness of anticancer drugs against tumor cells. Such resistance often results in tumor recurrence, metastasis, and patient death. Fortunately, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems provide a promising strategy by codelivery of multiple drugs and MDR reversal agents and the skillful, flexible, smart modification of drug targets. Such systems have demonstrated the ability to bypass the ABC transporter biological efflux mechanisms due to drug resistance. Hence, how to deliver drugs and exert potential antitumor effects have been successfully explored, applied, and developed. Furthermore, to overcome multidrug resistance, nanoparticle-based systems have been developed due to their good therapeutic effect, low side effects, and high tumor metastasis inhibition. In view of this, we systematically discuss the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of MDR from nanotherapeutics. Finally, we summarize intriguing ideas and future trends for further research in overcoming MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayitila Maimaitijiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Institute of Materia Medica) & College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Dongze He
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Institute of Materia Medica) & College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Dingyang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Institute of Materia Medica) & College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Wenfang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Institute of Materia Medica) & College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Zhengding Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Institute of Materia Medica) & College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Zhongxiong Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Institute of Materia Medica) & College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Jinyao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Institute of Materia Medica) & College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
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Shchulkin AV, Abalenikhina YV, Kosmachevskaya OV, Topunov AF, Yakusheva EN. Regulation of P-Glycoprotein during Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:215. [PMID: 38397813 PMCID: PMC10885963 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1, MDR1) is an efflux transporter protein that removes molecules from the cells (outflow) into the extracellular space. Pgp plays an important role in pharmacokinetics, ensuring the absorption, distribution, and excretion of drugs and its substrates, as well as in the transport of endogenous molecules (steroid and thyroid hormones). It also contributes to tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of Pgp regulation during oxidative stress. The currently available data suggest that Pgp has a complex variety of regulatory mechanisms under oxidative stress, involving many transcription factors, the main ones being Nrf2 and Nf-kB. These factors often overlap, and some can be activated under certain conditions, such as the deposition of oxidation products, depending on the severity of oxidative stress. In most cases, the expression of Pgp increases due to increased transcription and translation, but under severe oxidative stress, it can also decrease due to the oxidation of amino acids in its molecule. At the same time, Pgp acts as a protector against oxidative stress, eliminating the causative factors and removing its by-products, as well as participating in signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey V. Shchulkin
- Pharmacology Department, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia; (Y.V.A.); (E.N.Y.)
| | - Yulia V. Abalenikhina
- Pharmacology Department, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia; (Y.V.A.); (E.N.Y.)
| | - Olga V. Kosmachevskaya
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (A.F.T.)
| | - Alexey F. Topunov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.V.K.); (A.F.T.)
| | - Elena N. Yakusheva
- Pharmacology Department, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia; (Y.V.A.); (E.N.Y.)
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Barreiro S, Silva B, Long S, Pinto M, Remião F, Sousa E, Silva R. Fiscalin Derivatives as Potential Neuroprotective Agents. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071456. [PMID: 35890350 PMCID: PMC9320635 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) share common molecular/cellular mechanisms that contribute to their progression and pathogenesis. In this sense, we are here proposing new neuroprotection strategies by using marine-derived compounds as fiscalins. This work aims to evaluate the protective effects of fiscalin derivatives towards 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)- and iron (III)-induced cytotoxicity in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, an in vitro disease model to study ND; and on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transport activity, an efflux pump of drugs and neurotoxins. SH-SY5Y cells were simultaneously exposed to MPP+ or iron (III), and noncytotoxic concentrations of 18 fiscalin derivatives (0–25 μM), being the cytotoxic effect of both MPP+ and iron (III) evaluated 24 and 48 h after exposure. Fiscalins 1a and 1b showed a significant protective effect against MPP+-induced cytotoxicity and fiscalins 1b, 2b, 4 and 5 showed a protective effect against iron (III)-induced cytotoxicity. Fiscalins 4 and 5 caused a significant P-gp inhibition, while fiscalins 1c, 2a, 2b, 6 and 11 caused a modest increase in P-gp transport activity, thus suggesting a promising source of new P-gp inhibitors and activators, respectively. The obtained results highlight fiscalins with promising neuroprotective effects and with relevance for the synthesis of new derivatives for the treatment/prevention of ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Barreiro
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (B.S.); (F.R.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Requimte, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Bárbara Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (B.S.); (F.R.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Requimte, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Solida Long
- Department of Bioengineering, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Russian Confederation Blvd., Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia;
- CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Madalena Pinto
- CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.P.); (E.S.)
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (B.S.); (F.R.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Requimte, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.P.); (E.S.)
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (B.S.); (F.R.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Requimte, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (R.S.)
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Silva V, Gil-Martins E, Silva B, Rocha-Pereira C, Sousa ME, Remião F, Silva R. Xanthones as P-glycoprotein modulators and their impact on drug bioavailability. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:441-482. [PMID: 33283552 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1861247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an important efflux pump responsible for the extruding of many endogenous and exogenous substances out of the cells. P-gp can be modulated by different molecules - including xanthone derivatives - to surpass the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomenon through P-gp inhibition, or to serve as an antidotal strategy in intoxication scenarios through P-gp induction/activation.Areas covered: This review provides a perspective on P-gp modulators, with particular focus on xanthonic derivatives, highlighting their ability to modulate P-gp expression and/or activity, and the potential impact of these effects on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity of P-gp substrates.Expert opinion: Xanthones, of natural or synthetic origin, are able to modulate P-gp, interfering with its protein synthesis or with its mechanism of action, by decreasing or increasing its efflux capacity. These modulatory effects make the xanthonic scaffold a promising source of new derivatives with therapeutic potential. However, the mechanisms beyond the xanthones-mediated P-gp modulation and the chemical characteristics that make them more potent P-gp inhibitors or inducers/activators are still understudied. Furthermore, a new window of opportunity exists in the neuropathologies field, where xanthonic derivatives with potential to modulate P-gp should be further explored to optimize the prevention/treatment of brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva Gil-Martins
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Rocha-Pereira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Emília Sousa
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Krambeck K, Silva V, Silva R, Fernandes C, Cagide F, Borges F, Santos D, Otero-Espinar F, Lobo JMS, Amaral MH. Design and characterization of Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and Nanostructured lipid carrier-based hydrogels containing Passiflora edulis seeds oil. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120444. [PMID: 33713760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to design and characterize Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and Nanostructured lipid carrier-based hydrogels with Passiflora edulis seeds oil, a by-product from Madeira Island food industry. NLC were prepared by the ultrasonication technique, using passion fruit seeds oil as a liquid lipid and glyceryl distearate as a solid lipid. These NLC were then gelled with Poly (acrylic acid). Long-term stability studies were conducted with NLC and NLC-based hydrogels stored for 12 months. The following tests were performed: morphology, encapsulation efficiency, particle size analysis, polydispersity index analysis, zeta potential, pH measurement, color analysis, viscosity studies, texture analysis, in vitro occlusion test, ex vivo skin penetration study, tyrosinase inhibition activity, in vitro skin permeation experiments and in vitro cytotoxicity studies. The developed NLC had spherical shape and narrow particle sizes distribution with mean sizes in the range of 150 nm and PDI below 0.3, Zeta potential values around -30 mV and high Encapsulation efficiency. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity and skin retention of the nanoparticles was superior to that of the non-encapsulated oil. The developed formulations did not show cytotoxicity towards HaCat cells and presented suitable viscosity and texture properties for skin application, proving to be good candidates as depigmenting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolline Krambeck
- MedTech, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vera Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fernandes
- CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Cagide
- CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Delfim Santos
- MedTech, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Otero-Espinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Manuel Sousa Lobo
- MedTech, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Amaral
- MedTech, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Long S, Resende DISP, Palmeira A, Kijjoa A, Silva AMS, Tiritan ME, Pereira-Terra P, Freitas-Silva J, Barreiro S, Silva R, Remião F, Pinto E, Martins da Costa P, Sousa E, Pinto MMM. New marine-derived indolymethyl pyrazinoquinazoline alkaloids with promising antimicrobial profiles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31187-31204. [PMID: 35520644 PMCID: PMC9056383 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms, the search for novel antimicrobials is urgent. Inspired by marine alkaloids, a series of indolomethyl pyrazino [1,2-b]quinazoline-3,6-diones was prepared using a one-pot microwave-assisted multicomponent polycondensation of amino acids. The compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against a panel of nine bacterial strains and five fungal strains. Compounds 26 and 27 were the most effective against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 reference strain with MIC values of 4 μg mL−1, and a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolate with MIC values of 8 μg mL−1. It was possible to infer that enantiomer (−)-26 was responsible for the antibacterial activity (MIC 4 μg mL−1) while (+)-26 had no activity. Furthermore, compound (−)-26 was able to impair S. aureus biofilm production and no significant cytotoxicity towards differentiated and non-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells was observed. Compounds 26, 28, and 29 showed a weak antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum clinical isolate with MIC 128 μg mL−1 and presented a synergistic effect with fluconazole. Indolomethyl pyrazino [1,2-b]quinazoline-3,6-diones were prepared using a one-pot multicomponent polycondensation of amino acids and were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against a panel of nine bacterial strains and five fungal strains.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Solida Long
- LQOF - Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Diana I S P Resende
- LQOF - Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal .,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- LQOF - Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal .,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA - Química Orgânica, Produtos Naturais e Agroalimentares, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- LQOF - Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal .,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal.,CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS) Rua Central de Gandra, 1317 4585-116 Gandra PRD Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pereira-Terra
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Joana Freitas-Silva
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Sandra Barreiro
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Eugénia Pinto
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal.,Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Paulo Martins da Costa
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- LQOF - Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal .,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- LQOF - Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal .,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal
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Correia A, Costa CP, Silva V, Silva R, Lobo JMS, Silva AC. Pessaries containing nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for prolonged vaginal delivery of progesterone. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 153:105475. [PMID: 32711115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone (PRG) plays a crucial role in the female reproductive system, being the vaginal route the most adequate for its administration, as this drug has an extensive hepatic first pass effect. Nonetheless, vaginal PRG dosage forms originate immediate drug release and requires repeated administrations, which is unpleasant. Thereby, it is necessary to develop alternative delivery systems for prolonged vaginal release of PRG. The objective of this work was the development of pessaries for the prolonged vaginal delivery of PRG. Studies began with the preparation of an aqueous dispersion of PRG-loaded NLC (NLC_PRG), followed by the evaluation of its biocompatibility in human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCat cells), using three different methods (neutral red uptake, resazurin reduction and sulforhodamine B assays). Finally, the NLC_PRG was incorporated into pessaries, which were further characterized according to the European Pharmacopoeia to assess their suitability to prolong PRG release through the vaginal route. The results showed that, after preparation, 90% of the NLC_PRG had sizes equal or lower than 315.60 ± 0.01 nm, and an EE of 96.42 ± 0.00%. All the assays used to assess the biocompatibility of NLC_PRG showed the absence of cytotoxicity towards HaCaT cells for concentrations up to 10 μg/mL. In all cytotoxicity assays, a cytotoxic effect was only observed for concentrations equal or higher than 25 μg/mL, which provides high confidence in the obtained results. The outcomes of this study suggest the suitability of using pessaries containing PRG-loaded NLC for sustained drug release, which is an innovative therapeutic strategy and constitutes a promising alternative for the vaginal use of PRG. However, further ex vivo and in vivo studies are needed to fully clarify the pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile before reaching the clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Correia
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C P Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - V Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - J M Sousa Lobo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - A C Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), CEBIMED (Biomedical Research Centre), Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.
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8
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Oxygenated xanthones as P-glycoprotein modulators at the intestinal barrier: in vitro and docking studies. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Vilar S, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Uriarte E. In Silico Prediction of P-glycoprotein Binding: Insights from Molecular Docking Studies. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1746-1760. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666171129121924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The P-glycoprotein is an efflux transporter that expels substances out of the
cells and has an important impact on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties
of drugs. The study of the interactions between ligands and the P-glycoprotein has
implications in the design of Central Nervous System drugs and their transport across the
blood-brain barrier. Moreover, since the P-glycoprotein is overexpressed in some types of
cancers, the protein is responsible for expelling the drug therapies from the cells, and
hence, for drug resistance. In this review, we describe different P-glycoprotein binding
sites reported for substrates, inhibitors and modulators, and focus on molecular docking
studies that provide useful information about drugs and P-glycoprotein interactions.
Docking in crystallized structures and homology models showed potential in the detection
of the binding site and key residues responsible for ligand recognition. Moreover, virtual
screening through molecular docking discriminates P-glycoprotein ligands from decoys.
We also discuss challenges and limitations of molecular docking simulations applied to
this particular protein. Computational structure-based approaches are very helpful in the
study of novel ligands that interact with the P-glycoprotein and provide insights to understand
the P-glycoprotein molecular mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Vilar
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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10
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Vaz S, Silva R, Amaral MH, Martins E, Sousa Lobo JM, Silva AC. Evaluation of the biocompatibility and skin hydration potential of vitamin E-loaded lipid nanosystems formulations: In vitro and human in vivo studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 179:242-249. [PMID: 30974262 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based nanosystems, such as nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and nanoemulsions (NE) have been described as promising alternatives to conventional formulations for increase skin hydration. Besides, these systems have been used as efficient vehicles for lipophilic molecules that improve skin properties (e.g. vitamin E). In this study, we performed comparative investigations between hydrogels formulations containing vitamin E-loaded NLC (HG-NLCVE) and vitamin E-loaded nanoemulsion (HG-NEVE). The experiments started with particle size measurements, which showed no significant differences between nanoparticles/nanodroplets sizes after incorporation in the hydrogel net (386 nm vs. 397 nm for HG-NLCVE and 402 nm vs. 514 nm for HG-NEVE). Afterwards, in vitro biocompatibility studies in human keratinocytes were carried out, being observed that the lipid-based nanosystems were more cytotoxic for the cells before incorporation in the hydrogel. Finally, the formulations hydration potential and sensory attributes for skin application were evaluated by in vitro occlusion tests and in vivo human experiments. The results showed that the HG-NLCVE exhibited the best occlusive properties, whereas the HG-NEVE performed a faster skin hydration effect. Furthermore, the latter was selected as the most attractive for skin application, although the HG-NLCVE was described as more suitable to obtain a long-lasting effect. This study demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo safety and hydration potential of hydrogels containing vitamin E-loaded lipid-based nanosystems. These results establish a basis to assess the cutaneous use of these systems, despite more in vivo experiments, for longer periods and in more volunteers, are required before commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vaz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology/Centre of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - M H Amaral
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology/Centre of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - E Martins
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - J M Sousa Lobo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology/Centre of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - A C Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology/Centre of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal; FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), CEBIMED (Biomedical Research Centre), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal.
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11
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Pyta K, Janas A, Szukowska M, Pecyna P, Jaworska M, Gajecka M, Bartl F, Przybylski P. Synthesis, docking and antibacterial studies of more potent amine and hydrazone rifamycin congeners than rifampicin. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:96-104. [PMID: 30769243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
New rifamycin congeners (1-33) with incorporated amine and hydrazone substituents leading to lipophilic and/or basic nature and altered rigidity of modified C(3) arm were synthesized and structurally characterized in detail. NMR spectroscopic studies at different temperatures indicate two types of structures of rifamycin congeners that are realized in solution: zwitterionic and non-ionic forms in dependence of the basicity of modified C(3) arm. The presence of rifamycin congeners in these two possible forms has a significant impact on the physico-chemical parameters such as lipophilicity (clogP) and water solubility and different binding mode of the C(3) arm of antibiotic at RNAP binding pocket (molecular target) leading to different antibacterial potency. The highest antibacterial potency against S. aureus (including MRSA and MLSB strains) and S. epidermidis strains, even higher than reference rifampicin (Rif) and rifaximin (Rifx) antibiotics, was found for rifamycin congeners bearing at the C(3) arm relatively rigid and basic substituents (bipiperidine and guanidine groups). These modifications provide favorable docking mode and excellent water solubility resulting in high potency (MICs 0.0078 μg/mL what gives ∼ 8.5 nM), irrespective whether rifamycin congener is a tertiary amine (15) or hydrazone (29). In turn, for a higher antibacterial potency of rifamycin congeners against E. faecalis strain (MICs 0.5 μg/mL that is 0.6 μM) as compared to Rif and Rifx, the most crucial factors are: bulkiness and the lipophilic character of the end of the C(3) rebuilt arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Pyta
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Janas
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Szukowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Pecyna
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcelina Jaworska
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marzena Gajecka
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781, Poznan, Poland; Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Franz Bartl
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Biologie, Biophysikalische Chemie, Invalidenstr. 42, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Piotr Przybylski
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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12
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Tome ME, Jarvis CK, Schaefer CP, Jacobs LM, Herndon JM, Hunn KC, Arkwright NB, Kellohen KL, Mierau PC, Davis TP. Acute pain alters P-glycoprotein-containing protein complexes in rat cerebral microvessels: Implications for P-glycoprotein trafficking. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:2209-2222. [PMID: 30346224 PMCID: PMC6282220 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18803623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (PgP) is the major drug efflux pump in human cerebral microvessels. PgP prevents pathogens, toxins and therapeutic drugs from entering the CNS. Understanding the molecular regulation of PgP activity will suggest novel mechanisms to improve CNS drug delivery. Previously, we found that during peripheral inflammatory pain (PIP) (3 h after λ carrageenan injection in the rat paw), PgP traffics to the cortical microvessel endothelial cell plasma membrane concomitant with increased PgP activity. In the current study, we measured the changes in composition of PgP-containing protein complexes after PIP in rat microvessel isolates. We found that a portion of the PgP is contained in a multi-protein complex that also contains the caveolar proteins CAV1, SDPR, PTRF and PRKCDBP. With PIP, total CAV1 bound to PgP was unchanged; however, phosphorylated CAV1 (Y14P-CAV1) in the complex increased. There were few PgP/CAV1 complexes relative to total PgP and CAV1 in the microvessels suggesting CAV1 bound to PgP is unlikely to affect total PgP activity. However, both PgP and CAV1 trafficked away from the nucleus in response to PIP. These data suggest that P-CAV1 bound to PgP potentially regulates PgP trafficking and contributes to the acute PgP activity increase after a PIP stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Tome
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Chelsea K Jarvis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Leigh M Jacobs
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joseph M Herndon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kristen C Hunn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Peyton C Mierau
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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13
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Liu T, Li Z, Zhang Q, De Amorim Bernstein K, Lozano-Calderon S, Choy E, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. Targeting ABCB1 (MDR1) in multi-drug resistant osteosarcoma cells using the CRISPR-Cas9 system to reverse drug resistance. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83502-83513. [PMID: 27835872 PMCID: PMC5347784 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-drug resistance (MDR) remains a significant obstacle to successful chemotherapy treatment for osteosarcoma patients. One of the central causes of MDR is the overexpression of the membrane bound drug transporter protein P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which is the protein product of the MDR gene ABCB1. Though several methods have been reported to reverse MDR in vitro and in vivo when combined with anticancer drugs, they have yet to be proven useful in the clinical setting. Results The meta-analysis demonstrated that a high level of P-gp may predict poor survival in patients with osteosarcoma. The expression of P-gp can be efficiently blocked by the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated Cas9 system (CRISPR-Cas9). Inhibition of ABCB1 was associated with reversing drug resistance in osteosarcoma MDR cell lines (KHOSR2 and U-2OSR2) to doxorubicin. Materials and Methods We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between P-gp expression and survival in patients with osteosarcoma. Then we adopted the CRISPR-Cas9, a robust and highly efficient novel genome editing tool, to determine its effect on reversing drug resistance by targeting endogenous ABCB1 gene at the DNA level in osteosarcoma MDR cell lines. Conclusion These results suggest that the CRISPR-Cas9 system is a useful tool for the modification of ABCB1 gene, and may be useful in extending the long-term efficacy of chemotherapy by overcoming P-gp-mediated MDR in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China.,Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China
| | - Karen De Amorim Bernstein
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Santiago Lozano-Calderon
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Edwin Choy
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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14
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Yang B, Du S, Lu Y, Jia S, Zhao M, Bai J, Li P, Wu H. Influence of paeoniflorin and menthol on puerarin transport across MDCK and MDCK-MDR1 cells as blood–brain barrier in vitro model. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 70:349-360. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Our objective of this research was (1) to investigate the transport characteristics of puerarin through MDCK-MDR1 and MDCK cells and (2) to evaluate the effects of paeoniflorin and menthol on puerarin transport so as to (3) explore the enhancement mechanism.
Methods
The cytotoxicity of drugs on MDCK and MDCK-MDR1 was evaluated by the MTT assay, and the transport studies were performed in both directions. The membrane fluidity was evaluated by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and the membrane potential was estimated by the accumulation of DiBAC4(3) in the cells.
Key findings
Puerarin showed relatively poor absorption and purely passive diffusion. However, the efflux ratio of puerarin was <2 in MDCK-MDR1 models, which suggested puerarin was not P-gp substrates so as to the P-glycoprotein activity determination of puerarin. With the existence of menthol, the transcellular transport of puerarin increased and puerarin transport significantly increased when co-administrated with paeoniflorin and menthol.
Conclusions
The enhancing effect of paeoniflorin and menthol may be attributed to the significant enhancement on cell membrane fluidity, the decrease in membrane potential. Immunostaining results indicated that menthol behaved as transport enhancer by disassembly effect on tight junction integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Jia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Bai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyue Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huichao Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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15
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Glycyrrhetinic acid-modified TPGS polymeric micelles for hepatocellular carcinoma-targeted therapy. Int J Pharm 2017; 529:451-464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Gou J, Yao X, Tang H, Zou K, Liu Y, Zuo H, Zhao X, Li Z. Absorption properties and effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and its p-nitro-derivative on P-glycoprotein in Caco-2 cells and rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2960-2967. [PMID: 27348457 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1197284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), isolated from honeybee propolis, has pharmacological applications. A synthesized CAPE derivative, p-nitro-caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE-NO2), showed similar activities with CAPE. The pharmacological activities of CAPE and CAPE-NO2 are related to their absorption properties. OBJECTIVE To understand the pharmacokinetic profiles of CAPE and CAPE-NO2 in rats and investigate the absorption mechanisms and effects on P-glycoprotein in Caco-2 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacokinetic profiles of CAPE and CAPE-NO2 were obtained after oral administration (10 mg/kg) to rats. Transport studies of CAPE and CAPE-NO2 (5, 10, 20 μM) were performed in Caco-2 cell model. P-gp activities were assayed by rhodamine 123 cellular retention. Expression of P-gp was determined after the cells were administrated with CAPE and CAPE-NO2 (5, 20 μM) for 48 and 72 h. RESULTS The AUC(0-t) of CAPE-NO2 (3239.9 ± 352 ng × h/mL) was two-time greater than CAPE (1659.6 ± 152 ng × h/mL) in rats. The Papp values of CAPE and CAPE-NO2 were (4.86 ± 0.90) × 10-6 cm/s and (12.34 ± 1.6) × 10-6 cm/s, respectively. The accumulation of rhodamine 123 was increased by 1.3- to 1.9-fold and 1.4- to 2.3-fold in CAPE and CAPE-NO2 groups after 1 h administration, respectively. However, CAPE and CAPE-NO2 increased the P-gp levels by 2.1- and 1.7-fold, respectively. CONCLUSION The absorption of CAPE-NO2 can be enhanced in rats and Caco-2 cells compared with CAPE. The two compounds are potential inhibitors of P-gp. The increased P-gp levels generated by CAPE and CAPE-NO2 played a role as a defense mechanism by limiting intracellular xenobiotic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gou
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Yao
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Hao Tang
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Kaili Zou
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Yujia Liu
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Hua Zuo
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Zhubo Li
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , P.R. China
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17
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Tome ME, Herndon JM, Schaefer CP, Jacobs LM, Zhang Y, Jarvis CK, Davis TP. P-glycoprotein traffics from the nucleus to the plasma membrane in rat brain endothelium during inflammatory pain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1913-1928. [PMID: 27466374 PMCID: PMC5094312 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16661728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (PgP), a drug efflux pump in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells, is a major clinical obstacle for effective central nervous system drug delivery. Identifying PgP regulatory pathways that can be exploited clinically is critical for improving central nervous system drug delivery. We previously found that PgP activity increases in rat brain microvessels concomitant with decreased central nervous system drug delivery in response to acute peripheral inflammatory pain. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that PgP traffics to the luminal plasma membrane of the microvessel endothelial cells from intracellular stores during peripheral inflammatory pain. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we detected PgP in endothelial cell nuclei and in the luminal plasma membrane in control animals. Following peripheral inflammatory pain, luminal PgP staining increased while staining in the nucleus decreased. Biochemical analysis of nuclear PgP content confirmed our visual observations. Peripheral inflammatory pain also increased endothelial cell luminal staining of polymerase 1 and transcript release factor/cavin1 and serum deprivation response protein/cavin2, two caveolar scaffold proteins, without changing caveolin1 or protein kinase C delta binding protein/cavin3 location. Our data (a) indicate that PgP traffics from stores in the nucleus to the endothelial cell luminal membrane in response to peripheral inflammatory pain; (b) provide an explanation for our previous observation that peripheral inflammatory pain inhibits central nervous system drug uptake; and (c) suggest a novel regulatory mechanism for PgP activity in rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Tome
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | | | | | - Leigh M Jacobs
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | | | - Thomas P Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
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18
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Immortalized endothelial cell lines for in vitro blood–brain barrier models: A systematic review. Brain Res 2016; 1642:532-545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Zhang Y, Qu X, Teng Y, Li Z, Xu L, Liu J, Ma Y, Fan Y, Li C, Liu S, Wang Z, Hu X, Zhang J, Liu Y. Cbl-b inhibits P-gp transporter function by preventing its translocation into caveolae in multiple drug-resistant gastric and breast cancers. Oncotarget 2015; 6:6737-48. [PMID: 25788263 PMCID: PMC4466646 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) requires its efficient localization to caveolae, a subset of lipid rafts, and disruption of caveolae suppresses P-gp transport function. However, the regulatory molecules involved in the translocation of P-gp into caveolae remain unknown. In the present study, we showed that c-Src dependent Caveolin-1 phosphorylation promoted the translocation of P-gp into caveolae, resulting in multidrug resistance in adriamycin resistant gastric cancer SGC7901/Adr and breast cancer MCF-7/Adr cells. In a negative feedback loop, the translocation of Cbl-b from the nucleus to the cytoplasm prevented the localization of P-gp to caveolae resulting in the reversal of MDR through the ubiquitination and degradation of c-Src. Clinical data showed a significant positive relationship between Cbl-b expression and survival in P-gp positive breast cancer patients who received anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Our findings identified a new regulatory mechanism of P-gp transport function in multiple drug-resistant gastric and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuee Teng
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zhi Li
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Ling Xu
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jing Liu
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yanju Ma
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yibo Fan
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Ce Li
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Shizhou Liu
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- 2 Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xuejun Hu
- 3 Department of Medical Respiratory, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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20
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Silva R, Vilas-Boas V, Carmo H, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Carvalho F, de Lourdes Bastos M, Remião F. Modulation of P-glycoprotein efflux pump: induction and activation as a therapeutic strategy. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 149:1-123. [PMID: 25435018 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an ATP-dependent efflux pump encoded by the MDR1 gene in humans, known to mediate multidrug resistance of neoplastic cells to cancer therapy. For several decades, P-gp inhibition has drawn many significant research efforts in an attempt to overcome this phenomenon. However, P-gp is also constitutively expressed in normal human epithelial tissues and, due to its broad substrate specificity, to its cellular polarized expression in many excretory and barrier tissues, and to its great efflux capacity, it can play a crucial role in limiting the absorption and distribution of harmful xenobiotics, by decreasing their intracellular accumulation. Such a defense mechanism can be of particular relevance at the intestinal level, by significantly reducing the intestinal absorption of the xenobiotic and, consequently, avoiding its access to the target organs. In this review, the current knowledge on this important efflux pump is summarized, and a new focus is brought on the therapeutic interest of inducing and/or activating P-gp for limiting the toxicity caused by its substrates. Several in vivo and in vitro studies validating the use of such a therapeutic strategy are discussed. An extensive literature search for reported P-gp inducers/activators and for the experimental models used in their characterization was conducted. Those studies demonstrate that effective antidotal pathways can be achieved by efficiently promoting the P-gp-mediated efflux of deleterious xenobiotics, resulting in a significant reduction in their intracellular levels and, consequently, in a significant reduction of their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vânia Vilas-Boas
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Helena Carmo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; INFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, Advanced Institute of Health Sciences - North (ISCS-N), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal; Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Videira M, Reis RL, Brito MA. Deconstructing breast cancer cell biology and the mechanisms of multidrug resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:312-25. [PMID: 25080053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer complexity constantly challenges the way that clinicians manage breast cancer therapy. Tumor heterogeneity and intratumoral stroma characteristics allow cells with different phenotypes and deregulated apoptotic, proliferative and migration abilities to co-exist contributing to a disappointing therapeutic response. While new approaches are being associated with conventional chemotherapy, such as hormonal therapy or target monoclonal antibodies, recurrence and metastasization are still observed. Membrane transporters are the cell's first line of contact with anticancer drugs having a major role in multidrug resistance events. This structural-based activity enables the cell to be drug-resistant by decreasing drug intracellular concentration through an efflux-transport mechanism, mainly associated with overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins. This review focuses on some of the important structural and biological properties of the malignant cell and tumor microenvironment, addressing the role of the membrane ABC transporters in therapeutic outcomes, and highlighting related molecular pathways that may represent meaningful target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Videira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Rita Leones Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Alexandra Brito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Chen Z, Gong X, Lu Y, Du S, Yang Z, Bai J, Li P, Wu H. Enhancing effect of borneol and muscone on geniposide transport across the human nasal epithelial cell monolayer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101414. [PMID: 24992195 PMCID: PMC4081582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Geniposide is widely used in the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke and cerebrovascular diseases for its anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Recent studies demonstrated that geniposide could be absorbed promptly and thoroughly by intranasal administration in mice and basically transported into the brain. Here, we explored its transport mechanism and the effect of borneol and muscone on its transport by human nasal epithelial cell (HNEC) monolayer. The cytotoxicity of geniposide, borneol, muscone and their combinations on HNECs was evaluated by the MTT assay. Transcellular transport of geniposide and the influence of borneol and muscone were studied using the HNEC monolayer. Immunostaining and transepithelial electrical resistance were measured to assess the integrity of the monolayer. The membrane fluidity of HNEC was evaluated by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Geniposide showed relatively poor absorption in the HNEC monolayer and it was not a P-gp substrate. Geniposide transport in both directions significantly increased when co-administrated with increasing concentrations of borneol and muscone. The enhancing effect of borneol and muscone on geniposide transport across the HNEC may be attributed to the significant enhancement on cell membrane fluidity, disassembly effect on tight junction integrity and the process was reversible. These results indicated that intranasal administration has good potential to treat cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Gong
- Reproductive Endocrinology Centre, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jie Bai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyue Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huichao Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Silva R, Sousa E, Carmo H, Palmeira A, Barbosa DJ, Gameiro M, Pinto M, de Lourdes Bastos M, Remião F. Induction and activation of P-glycoprotein by dihydroxylated xanthones protect against the cytotoxicity of the P-glycoprotein substrate paraquat. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:937-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Vilas-Boas V, Silva R, Guedes-de-Pinho P, Carvalho F, Bastos ML, Remião F. RBE4 cells are highly resistant to paraquat-induced cytotoxicity: studies on uptake and efflux mechanisms. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:1023-30. [PMID: 24105845 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Vilas-Boas
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Edifício 3, 4º piso 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - R. Silva
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Edifício 3, 4º piso 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - P. Guedes-de-Pinho
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Edifício 3, 4º piso 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - F. Carvalho
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Edifício 3, 4º piso 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - M. L. Bastos
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Edifício 3, 4º piso 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - F. Remião
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Edifício 3, 4º piso 4050-313 Porto Portugal
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Vilas-Boas V, Silva R, Palmeira A, Sousa E, Ferreira LM, Branco PS, Carvalho F, Bastos MDL, Remião F. Development of novel rifampicin-derived P-glycoprotein activators/inducers. synthesis, in silico analysis and application in the RBE4 cell model, using paraquat as substrate. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74425. [PMID: 23991219 PMCID: PMC3753303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a 170 kDa transmembrane protein involved in the outward transport of many structurally unrelated substrates. P-gp activation/induction may function as an antidotal pathway to prevent the cytotoxicity of these substrates. In the present study we aimed at testing rifampicin (Rif) and three newly synthesized Rif derivatives (a mono-methoxylated derivative, MeORif, a peracetylated derivative, PerAcRif, and a reduced derivative, RedRif) to establish their ability to modulate P-gp expression and activity in a cellular model of the rat’s blood–brain barrier, the RBE4 cell line P-gp expression was assessed by western blot using C219 anti-P-gp antibody. P-gp function was evaluated by flow cytometry measuring the accumulation of rhodamine123. Whenever P-gp activation/induction ability was detected in a tested compound, its antidotal effect was further tested using paraquat as cytotoxicity model. Interactions between Rif or its derivatives and P-gp were also investigated by computational analysis. Rif led to a significant increase in P-gp expression at 72 h and RedRif significantly increased both P-gp expression and activity. No significant differences were observed for the other derivatives. Pre- or simultaneous treatment with RedRif protected cells against paraquat-induced cytotoxicity, an effect reverted by GF120918, a P-gp inhibitor, corroborating the observed P-gp activation ability. Interaction of RedRif with P-gp drug-binding pocket was consistent with an activation mechanism of action, which was confirmed with docking studies. Therefore, RedRif protection against paraquat-induced cytotoxicity in RBE4 cells, through P-gp activation/induction, suggests that it may be useful as an antidote for cytotoxic substrates of P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Vilas-Boas
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (VVB); (FR)
| | - Renata Silva
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CEQUIMED-UP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CEQUIMED-UP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Maria Ferreira
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paula Sério Branco
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (VVB); (FR)
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