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Fathima A, Bagang N, Kumar N, Dastidar SG, Shenoy S. Role of SIRT1 in Potentially Toxic Trace Elements (Lead, Fluoride, Aluminum and Cadmium) Associated Neurodevelopmental Toxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04116-5. [PMID: 38416341 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The formation of the central nervous system is a meticulously planned and intricate process. Any modification to this process has the potential to disrupt the structure and operation of the brain, which could result in deficiencies in neurological growth. When neurotoxic substances are present during the early stages of development, they can be exceptionally dangerous. Prenatally, the immature brain is extremely vulnerable and is therefore at high risk in pregnant women associated with occupational exposures. Lead, fluoride, aluminum, and cadmium are examples of possibly toxic trace elements that have been identified as an environmental concern in the aetiology of a number of neurological and neurodegenerative illnesses. SIRT1, a member of the sirtuin family has received most attention for its potential neuroprotective properties. SIRT1 is an intriguing therapeutic target since it demonstrates important functions to increase neurogenesis and cellular lifespan by modulating multiple pathways. It promotes axonal extension, neurite growth, and dendritic branching during the development of neurons. Additionally, it contributes to neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, memory development, and neuroprotection. This review summarizes the possible role of SIRT1 signalling pathway in potentially toxic trace elements -induced neurodevelopmental toxicity, highlighting some molecular pathways such as mitochondrial biogenesis, CREB/BDNF and PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Fathima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Newly Bagang
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Industrial area Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Somasish Ghosh Dastidar
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Smita Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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2
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Subramaniam NK, Gagnon N, Makhani K, Kukolj N, Mouradian MH, Giles BH, Srikannan H, Fruh V, Meliker J, Wellenius GA, Mann KK. In vitro and in vivo approaches to assess atherosclerosis following exposure to low-dose mixtures of arsenic and cadmium. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 481:116763. [PMID: 37980961 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, millions of people are co-exposed to arsenic and cadmium. Environmental exposure to both metals is linked with a higher risk of atherosclerosis. While studies have characterized the pro-atherosclerotic effects of arsenic and cadmium as single agents, little is known about the potential effects of metal mixtures, particularly at low doses. Here, we used a combination of in vitro and in vivo models to assess the effects of low-dose metals individually and as mixtures on early events and plaque development associated with atherosclerosis. In vitro, we investigated early pro-atherogenic changes in macrophages and endothelial cells with metal treatments. The combined cytotoxic effects of both metals at low concentrations were dose interactive, specifically, synergistic in macrophages, but antagonistic in endothelial cells. Despite this differential behavior across cell types, the mixtures did not initiate early pro-atherogenic events: neither reactive oxygen species generation in macrophages nor adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells. In vivo, we utilized the well-characterized hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E knock-out (ApoE-/-) mouse model. Previously, we have shown that low concentrations of arsenic (down to 10 ppb) enhance atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. This model has also been used with cadmium to demonstrate pro-atherogenic effects, although at concentrations above human-relevant exposures. In both sexes, there are some small increases in atherosclerotic lesion size, but very few changes in plaque constituents in the ApoE-/- mouse model. Together, these results suggests that low-dose metal mixtures are not significantly more pro-atherogenic than either metal alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivetha K Subramaniam
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Natascha Gagnon
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Kiran Makhani
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Nikola Kukolj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Michael H Mouradian
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Braeden H Giles
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Harinee Srikannan
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Victoria Fruh
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jaymie Meliker
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Center for Climate and Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Koren K Mann
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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3
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Luo H, Li J, Song B, Zhang B, Li Y, Zhou Z, Chang X. The binary combined toxicity of lithium, lead, and manganese on the proliferation of murine neural stem cells using two different models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:5047-5058. [PMID: 35976582 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As persistent environmental pollutants, more than thirty metals impose a potential global threat to the environment and humans, which has raised scientific concerns. Although the toxic effects of metals had been extensively studied, there is a paucity of information on their mixture toxicity. In this study, we examined the individual and binary combined toxicity of three common metals such as lithium (Li), lead (Pb), and manganese (Mn) on the proliferation of murine neural stem cells (mNSCs), respectively. Li, Pb, and Mn reduced cell proliferation at the concentration of 5.00 mM, 2.50 μM, and 5.00 μM, respectively (all p < 0.050), in a dose-dependent manner of each metal solely on mNSCs with the cytotoxicity rank as Pb > Mn > Li. Furthermore, the interactions of metal mixtures on mNSCs were determined by using response-additivity and dose-additivity models. Pb + Mn mixtures showed a more than additive effect (synergistic) of toxicity in both two methods. In the dose-additivity method, Pb + Li and Li + Mn mixtures exhibited synergistic effects in the compound with a high ratio of Li (25.0% Pb/75.0% Li, 75.0% Li/25.0% Mn), whereas they are antagonistic in the lower or equal ratio of Li (such as 75.0% Pb/25.0% Li, 25.0% Li/75.0% Mn). Besides, the interactions of Li + Mn mixtures showed some discrepancies between different endpoints. In conclusion, our study highlights the complexity of the mixtures' interaction patterns and the possible neuroprotective effect of Li under certain conditions. In the future, more research on different levels of metal mixtures, especially Li metal, is necessary to evaluate their underlying interactions and contribute to establishing risk assessment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Luo
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Rd, 200032, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Li
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Rd, 200032, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Song
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Rd, 200032, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Rd, 200032, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixi Li
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Rd, 200032, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Rd, 200032, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Rd, 200032, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Fasae KD, Abolaji AO. Interactions and toxicity of non-essential heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Hg): lessons from Drosophila melanogaster. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 51:100900. [PMID: 35272079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Some heavy metals are essential in trace amounts, enhancing enzyme functioning and other intracellular molecules. Others are explicitly toxic at low concentrations, increasing the risk of organ-related toxicity. Non-essential metals have similar mechanisms of toxicity to essential metals. These include the modifiable change in oxidation states, interaction with sulfhydryl moieties of proteins and indirect modification of nucleic acids. Ultimately, oxidative stress is generated, and potentiation of damage ensues. The susceptibility, sensitivity, genetic resources, and cellular response of Drosophila melanogaster to heavy metal exposure and toxicity have made this insect appropriate for toxicological studies. In this review, we focus on the toxicological impacts of non-essential metals (Cd, Pb, and Hg) in Drosophila and discuss its cellular and developmental responses to increasing concentrations of these metals. We also suggest current or proposed therapeutic alternatives, as well as dimensions that may improve the studies of non-essential metal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde D Fasae
- Drosophila Laboratory, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Amos O Abolaji
- Drosophila Laboratory, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
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5
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Eze CT, Eze OO, Ugochukwu TE, Amaeze NH, Ogbuene EB, Otitoloju AA. In vitro cytotoxic assessment of e-waste-related chemical pollution in impacted soil matrix. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:209. [PMID: 35194689 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The environmental quality and toxicity of soil from some selected informal e-waste sites in West Africa was assessed on PLHC-1 liver cells. In addition, toxicity mechanisms such as apoptosis, necrosis and necroptosis were analysed in order to determine the effect of the actual chemical mixture present in the e-waste soil matrix. The investigation revealed that although e-waste soil extracts (polar and non-polar) and elutriates were significantly cytotoxic at the tested concentration (16 mg soil EQ/ml), PLHC-1 cell viability was not reduced below 50%. The non-polar extracts were more toxic compared to polar extracts and elutriates. The cytotoxic potency of soil from the informal e-waste-recycling sites ranged in this order: Alaba > Godome-Kouhounou > Agbogblosie. The study revealed that all e-waste soil extracts and elutriates induced significant (P < 0.01) PLHC-1 cell death by apoptosis and necrosis; however, cell death by apoptosis was higher compared to that by necrosis. The results indicated that except for non-polar extracts (N4, B4 and G4) from open burning areas that induced significant (P < 0.01) PLHC-1 cell death by necroptosis, other extracts and elutriates could not cause cell death by necroptosis. The study has demonstrated that soils from the Alaba e-waste site in Lagos could be more toxic than soils from Godome-Kouhounou (Cotonou) and Agbogblosie (Accra) e-waste sites and further highlighted open burning as an informal e-waste-handling method with greater negative impact on soil quality in the e-waste sites. The study emphasizes the urgent need for regulatory agencies to introduce regular residue-monitoring programmes in order to forestall the adverse effects of soil pollution episodes in the e-waste sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuebuka ThankGod Eze
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
- Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria.
| | | | | | - Nnamdi Henry Amaeze
- Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Alshammari GM, Al-Qahtani WH, Alshuniaber MA, Yagoub AEA, Al-Khalifah AS, Al-Harbi LN, Alhussain MH, AlSedairy SA, Yahya MA. Quercetin improves the impairment in memory function and attenuates hippocampal damage in cadmium chloride-intoxicated male rats by suppressing acetylcholinesterase and concomitant activation of SIRT1 signaling. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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7
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Ahmed T, Noman M, Rizwan M, Ali S, Shahid MS, Li B. Recent progress on the heavy metals ameliorating potential of engineered nanomaterials in rice paddy: a comprehensive outlook on global food safety with nanotoxicitiy issues. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2672-2686. [PMID: 34554039 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1979931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals (HMs) poses a serious threat to global food safety, soil ecosystem and human health. The rapid industrialization, urbanization and extensive application of agrochemicals on arable land have led to paddy soil pollution worldwide. Rice plants easily accumulate toxic HMs from contaminated agricultural soils, which ultimately accumulated in grains and enters the food chain. Although, physical and chemical remediation techniques have been used for the treatment of HMs-contaminated soils, however, they also have many drawbacks, such as toxicity, capital investment and environmental-associated hazards. Recently, engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have gained substantial attention owing to their promising environmental remediation applications. Numerous studies have revealed the use of ENMs for reclamation of toxic HMs from contaminated environment. This review mainly focuses on HMs toxicity in paddy soils along with potential health risks to humans. It also provides a critical outlook on the recent advances and future perspectives of nanoremediation strategies. Additionally, we will also propose the interacting mechanism of HMs-ENMs to counteract metal-associated phytotoxicities in rice plants to achieve global food security and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq Shahid
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Mechanisms of oxidative stress in methylmercury-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity. Neurotoxicology 2021; 85:33-46. [PMID: 33964343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a long-lasting organic environmental pollutant that poses a great threat to human health. Ingestion of seafood containing MeHg is the most important way by which it comes into contact with human body, where the central nervous system (CNS) is the primary target of MeHg toxicity. During periods of pre-plus postnatal, in particular, the brain of offspring is vulnerable to specific developmental insults that result in abnormal neurobehavioral development, even without symptoms in mothers. While many studies on neurotoxic effects of MeHg on the developing brain have been conducted, the mechanisms of oxidative stress in MeHg-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity is less clear. Hitherto, no single process can explain the many effects observed in MeHg-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity. This review summarizes the possible mechanisms of oxidative stress in MeHg-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity, highlighting modulation of Nrf2/Keap1/Notch1, PI3K/AKT, and PKC/MAPK molecular pathways as well as some preventive drugs, and thus contributes to the discovery of endogenous and exogenous molecules that can counteract MeHg-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity.
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Kim JY, An MJ, Shin GS, Lee HM, Kim MJ, Kim CH, Kim JW. Mercury Chloride but Not Lead Acetate Causes Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Lung Fibroblast MRC5 Cells via Regulation of Cell Cycle Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052494. [PMID: 33801350 PMCID: PMC7958599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are important for various biological systems, but, in excess, they pose a serious risk to human health. Heavy metals are commonly used in consumer and industrial products. Despite the increasing evidence on the adverse effects of heavy metals, the detailed mechanisms underlying their action on lung cancer progression are still poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated whether heavy metals (mercury chloride and lead acetate) affect cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptotic cell death in human lung fibroblast MRC5 cells. The results showed that mercury chloride arrested the sub-G1 and G2/M phases by inducing cyclin B1 expression. In addition, the exposure to mercury chloride increased apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3. However, lead had no cytotoxic effects on human lung fibroblast MRC5 cells at low concentration. These findings demonstrated that mercury chloride affects the cytotoxicity of MRC5 cells by increasing cell cycle progression and apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jung-Woong Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-6682; Fax: +82-2-815-6682
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10
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Kopp B, Sanders P, Alassane-Kpembi I, Fessard V, Zalko D, Le Hégarat L, Audebert M. Synergic toxic effects of food contaminant mixtures in human cells. Mutagenesis 2020; 35:geaa019. [PMID: 32809012 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are exposed to multiple exogenous substances, notably through food consumption. Many of these compounds are suspected to impact human health, and their combination could exacerbate their harmful effects. We previously observed in human cells that, among the six most prevalent food contaminant complex mixtures identified in the French diet, synergistic interactions between component appeared in two mixtures compared with the response with the chemicals alone. In the present study, we demonstrated in human cells that these properties are driven only by two heavy metals in each mixture: tellurium (Te) with cadmium (Cd) and Cd with inorganic arsenic (As), respectively. It appeared that the predicted effects for these binary mixtures using the mathematical model of Chou and Talalay confirmed synergism between these heavy metals. Based on different cell biology experiments (cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenesis and DNA repair inhibition experiments), a detailed mechanistic analysis of these two mixtures suggests that concomitant induction of oxidative DNA damage and decrease of their repair capacity contribute to the synergistic toxic effect of these chemical mixtures. Overall, these results may have broad implications for the fields of environmental toxicology and chemical mixture risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kopp
- Toxalim, INRAE, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Pascal Sanders
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Imourana Alassane-Kpembi
- Toxalim, INRAE, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Valérie Fessard
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Daniel Zalko
- Toxalim, INRAE, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Ludovic Le Hégarat
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Marc Audebert
- Toxalim, INRAE, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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11
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Exposure to mercury induced early apoptotic signals in human placental BeWo cells through alteration of cell cycle regulation. Mol Cell Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-020-00098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Cao L, Lin C, Gao Y, Sun C, Xu L, Zheng L, Zhang Z. Health risk assessment of trace elements exposure through the soil-plant (maize)-human contamination pathway near a petrochemical industry complex, Northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114414. [PMID: 32244158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The trace elements contamination of agricultural soils near petrochemical industry complexes is a concern due to the risk of accumulating in food systems and subsequently affecting human health. We measured representative trace elements (Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, Zn, Pb, Hg and As) through the soil-plant (maize)-human contamination pathway near a petrochemical industry complexes in an agricultural region from September 20 to 28, 2016. We found that the soil was mildly to moderately polluted by multiple trace elements, which was also confirmed by the contamination factor and enrichment factor values. Cd (enrichment factor = 2.28), Cu (2.75), Zn (1.85) and Pb (1.70) should be given more attention and prioritized over the other trace elements due to their higher potential risks. Furthermore, the trace elements contamination in maize grains was lower than the corresponding limits. The sequence of the transfer coefficient values was Zn > Cd > Cu > Hg > Ni > As > Cr > Pb. Maize grain safety was threatened mainly by Zn, Cd and Cu. There was no risk to humans through soil ingestion, while a potential health risk from maize grain consumption existed. Children were more sensitive than adults to the non-carcinogenic risks of maize grain consumption. Trace element As was found to be the priority metal for risk control. For carcinogenic risk, adults were more sensitive than children; As, Cr and Cd were the priority metals for risk control, with CRmaize values exceeding the risk threshold (1 × 10-4). Overall, strict, intensive monitoring, especially of Cr and Cd, and soil protection measures are needed to prevent any furthertrace elements contamination and to ensure food safety. This study also provides a reference for similar studies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Chenlu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yufu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Caiyun Sun
- Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Liang Zheng
- Jilin Institute of Forestry Investigation and Planning, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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Deepika D, Sharma RP, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. An integrative translational framework for chemical induced neurotoxicity – a systematic review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:424-438. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1763253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Deepika
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d’ Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raju Prasad Sharma
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d’ Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d’ Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d’ Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain
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14
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Lasch A, Lichtenstein D, Marx-Stoelting P, Braeuning A, Alarcan J. Mixture effects of chemicals: The difficulty to choose appropriate mathematical models for appropriate conclusions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113953. [PMID: 31962267 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many different approaches have been proposed to evaluate and predict mixture effects. From a regulatory perspective, several guidance documents have been recently published and provide a strategy for mixture risk assessment based on valuable frameworks to investigate potential synergistic effects. However, some methodological aspects, e.g. for considering mathematical models, are not sufficiently defined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of five main mathematical models for mixture effect interpretation: theoretical additivity (TA), concentration addition (CA), independent action (IA), Chou-Talalay (CT), and a benchmark dose approach (BMD) were tested using a fictional data set depicting scenarios of additivity, synergism and antagonism. The synergism and antagonism scenarios were split in x-axis and y-axis synergism/antagonism, meaning a shift of the curve on x-axis or y-axis. The BMD approach was the only model which showed a perfect correspondence for dose addition. Regarding synergism and antagonism, all approaches correspond well for the x-axis synergism and antagonism with only few exceptions. In contrast, some limitations were observed in the particular scenarios of y-axis synergism and antagonism. Therefore our results show that each model has advantages and disadvantages, and that therefore no single model appears the best one for all kinds of application. We would recommend instead the parallel use of different models to increase confidence in the result of mixture effect evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lasch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dajana Lichtenstein
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jimmy Alarcan
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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Karri V, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. A systems toxicology approach to compare the heavy metal mixtures (Pb, As, MeHg) impact in neurodegenerative diseases. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 139:111257. [PMID: 32179164 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conventional toxicological risk assessment methods mainly working on single chemicals that fail to adequately address the simultaneous exposure and their potential toxicity in humans. We herein investigated the toxic heavy metals lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and methylmercury (MeHg) and their binary mixtures role in neurodegenerative diseases. To characterize the toxicity of metal mixtures at the molecular level, we established a non-animal omics-based organ relevant cell model system. The obtained experimental data was refined by using the statistical and downstream functional analysis. The protein expression information substantiates the previous findings of single metal (Pb, As, and MeHg) induced alterations to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, mRNA splicing, and ubiquitin system dysfunction relation to neurodegenerative diseases. The functional downstream analysis of single and binary mixtures protein data is presented in a comparative manner. The heavy metals mixtures' outcome showed significant differences in the protein expression compared to single metals that indicate metal mixtures exposure is more hazardous than single metal exposure. These results suggest that more comprehensive strategies are needed to improve the mixtures risk assessment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatanaidu Karri
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain; IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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16
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Gao C, Gao L, Duan P, Wu H, Li M. Evaluating combined toxicity of binary heavy metals to the cyanobacterium Microcystis: A theoretical non-linear combined toxicity assessment method. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109809. [PMID: 31654861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical non-linear combined toxicity assessment method is proposed and evaluated using Microcystis aeruginosa as the test organism. The combined toxicity of binary heavy metals was evaluated by comparing the actual inhibitory rates shown from the experiments with the theoretically calculated inhibitory rates. It was identified that the binary mixtures of Cu2++ Cd2+, Cu2++ Cr3+ and Zn2++ Cr3+ had the synergistic effects when the combined concentrations were low, but exhibited the antagonistic effects with the higher combined concentrations. Furthermore, the toxic effect of Pb2+ was not influenced by the addition of Cu2+ when combined concentration was low, but it was enhanced by Cu2+ at the high combined concentration. The binary mixtures of Zn2++ Cd2+, Pb2++ Cr3+, Pb2++ Cd2+, Pb2++ Zn2+, and Cr3++ Cd2+ always presented antagonistic effects, while the synergistic toxicity effect on M. aeruginosa was observed for the binary mixtures of Cu2++ Zn2+ regardless of combined concentration. The proposed assessment method was also validated by the antioxidant enzyme activity, which showed synergistic or antagonistic effects under different binary mixtures of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- South East Water, 101 Wells Street, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia
| | - Pengfei Duan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Haiming Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China.
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17
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The mixture toxicity of heavy metals on Photobacterium phosphoreum and its modeling by ion characteristics-based QSAR. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226541. [PMID: 31856252 PMCID: PMC6922345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms are frequently exposed to mixtures of heavy metals because of their persistence in the environment. The mixture toxicity of heavy metals should therefore be evaluated to perform a rational environmental risk assessment for organisms. In this study, we determined the inhibition toxicity of five heavy metals (Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Fe3+ and Cr3+) and their binary mixtures to Photobacterium phosphoreum (P. phosphoreum). We obtained the following results: (1) the order of individual toxicity was Zn2+>Cu2+>Co2+>Cr3+>Fe3+, and (2) different combined effects (additive, synergistic and antagonistic) were observed in the binary mixtures of heavy metals, with toxicity unit (TU) values ranging from 0.15 to 3.50. To predict the mixture toxicity of heavy metals, we derived the ion characteristic parameters of heavy metal mixtures and explored the ion-characteristic-based quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model (R2 = 0.750, Q2 = 0.649). The developed QSAR model indicated that the mixture toxicity of heavy metals is related to the change in ionization potential ((ΔIP)mix), the first hydrolysis constant (log(KOH)mix) and the formation constant value ( logKfmix).
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18
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Melgar MJ, Núñez R, García MÁ. Selenium intake from tuna in Galicia (Spain): Health risk assessment and protective role against exposure to mercury and inorganic arsenic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133716. [PMID: 31756789 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to quantify the selenium contribution from tuna to the Spanish diet and evidence the Se protective role against mercury and inorganic arsenic toxicity. Selenium concentrations in tuna were determined by ICP-MS spectrometry (expressed as mg kg-1), and the risk assessment was evaluated joined to Hg and iAs contrasting criteria of regulatory agencies with those that consider the Se protective role. Differences between Se average concentrations in fresh (1.24) and preserved (1.17) tuna were not statistically significant. In canned tuna species, Se presented higher mean levels in Thunnus albacares (1.28) than Thunnus alalunga (1.01) with statistically significant differences (p = 0.002), and among canned preparations a decreasing sequence was observed in different preparation-packaging media: oil (1.42) > natural (1.01) > pickled (0.92). Statistical study showed Hg-iAs as the only pair significantly correlated in all samples. The HI (sum of individual target hazard quotients -THQs-) on the consumption of tuna in Spain, due to exposure to Se, Hg and iAs, revealed the possibility of risk of adverse chronic effects in the six-year-old children group (1.09). According to the maximum allowable tuna consumption rate in meals/week (CRmw) and the THQs obtained, tuna intake, especially in children, should be moderated. The health benefit values (HBVSe) were positive in all samples, 14.53 and 15.65 in fresh and preserved tuna, respectively, which allows tuna to be considered safe. The benefit-risk value (BRV) evidenced the Se molar excess with respect to Hg that reached a surplus of 14.32% on Se AI in adults. Since iAs reduces the Se bioavailability, applying a new BRV criterion, the aforementioned percentage decreased to 13.49% of Se AI. In conclusion, tuna offers high levels of selenium to counteract adverse effects by the presence of Hg and iAs, and to provide consumers an important source of this essential element safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Julia Melgar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Núñez
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - M Ángeles García
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Dórea JG. Environmental exposure to low-level lead (Pb) co-occurring with other neurotoxicants in early life and neurodevelopment of children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108641. [PMID: 31421445 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a worldwide environmental contaminant that even at low levels influences brain development and affects neurobehavior later in life; nevertheless it is only a small fraction of the neurotoxicant (NT) exposome. Exposure to environmental Pb concurrent with other NT substances is often the norm, but their joint effects are challenging to study during early life. The aim of this review is to integrate studies of Pb-containing NT mixtures during the early life and neurodevelopment outcomes of children. The Pb-containing NT mixtures that have been most studied involve other metals (Mn, Al, Hg, Cd), metalloids (As), halogen (F), and organo-halogen pollutants. Co-occurring Pb-associated exposures during pregnancy and lactation depend on the environmental sources and the metabolism and half-life of the specific NT contaminant; but offspring neurobehavioral outcomes are also influenced by social stressors. Nevertheless, Pb-associated effects from prenatal exposure portend a continued burden on measurable neurodevelopment; they thus favor increased neurological health issues, decrements in neurobehavioral tests and reductions in the quality of life. Neurobehavioral test outcomes measured in the first 1000 days showed Pb-associated negative outcomes were frequently noticed in infants (<6 months). In older (preschool and school) children studies showed more variations in NT mixtures, children's age, and sensitivity and/or specificity of neurobehavioral tests; these variations and choice of statistical model (individual NT stressor or collective effect of mixture) may explain inconsistencies. Multiple exposures to NT mixtures in children diagnosed with 'autism spectrum disorders' (ASD) and 'attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders' (ADHD), strongly suggest a Pb-associated effect. Mixture potency (number or associated NT components and respective concentrations) and time (duration and developmental stage) of exposure often showed a measurable impact on neurodevelopment; however, net effects, reversibility and/or predictability of delays are insufficiently studied and need urgent attention. Nevertheless, neurodevelopment delays can be prevented and/or attenuated if public health policies are implemented to protect the unborn and the young child.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Dórea
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 70919-970, DF, Brazil.
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20
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Alarcan J, Barbé S, Kopp B, Hessel-Pras S, Braeuning A, Lampen A, Le Hégarat L, Fessard V. Combined effects of okadaic acid and pectenotoxin-2, 13-desmethylspirolide C or yessotoxin in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:139-148. [PMID: 31029959 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipophilic phycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by phytoplanktonic species. They accumulate in filtering shellfish and can cause human intoxications. Humans can be exposed to combinations of several phycotoxins. The toxicological effects of phycotoxin mixtures on human health are largely unknown. Published data on phycotoxin co-exposure show that okadaic acid (OA) is simultaneously found with pectenetoxin-2 (PTX-2), 13-desmethylspirolide C (also known as SPX-1), or yessotoxin (YTX). Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of three binary mixtures, OA/PTX-2, OA/SPX-1 and OA/YTX on human intestinal Caco-2 cells. A multi-parametric approach for cytotoxicity determination was applied using a high-content analysis platform, including markers for cell viability, oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage. Mixtures effects were analyzed using two additivity mathematical models. Our assays revealed that OA induced cytotoxicity, DNA strand breaks and interleukin 8 release. PTX-2 slightly induced DNA strand breaks, whereas SPX-1 and YTX did not affect the investigated endpoints. The combination of OA with another toxin resulted in reduced toxicity at low concentrations, suggesting antagonistic effects, but in increased effects at higher concentrations, suggesting additive or synergistic effects. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the cytotoxic effects of binary mixtures of lipophilic phycotoxins could not be predicted by additivity mathematical models. In conclusion, the present data suggest that combined effects of phycotoxins may occur which might have the potential to impact on risk assessment of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Alarcan
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougeres-Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 10B Rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères, France; German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Barbé
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougeres-Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 10B Rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères, France.
| | - Benjamin Kopp
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougeres-Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 10B Rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères, France.
| | - Stefanie Hessel-Pras
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ludovic Le Hégarat
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougeres-Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 10B Rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères, France.
| | - Valérie Fessard
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougeres-Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 10B Rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères, France.
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Gerba CP, Betancourt WQ. Assessing the Occurrence of Waterborne Viruses in Reuse Systems: Analytical Limits and Needs. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030107. [PMID: 31336640 PMCID: PMC6789576 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of waterborne enteric viruses is an essential tool in assessing the risk of waterborne transmission. Cell culture is considered a gold standard for detection of these viruses. However, it is important to recognize the uncertainty and limitations of enteric virus detection in cell culture. Cell culture cannot support replication of all virus types and strains, and numerous factors control the efficacy of specific virus detection assays, including chemical additives, cell culture passage number, and sequential passage of a sample in cell culture. These factors can result in a 2- to 100-fold underestimation of virus infectivity. Molecular methods reduce the time for detection of viruses and are useful for detection of those that do not produce cytopathogenic effects. The usefulness of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to access virus infectivity has been demonstrated for only a limited number of enteric viruses and is limited by an understanding of the mechanism of virus inactivation. All of these issues are important to consider when assessing waterborne infectious viruses and expected goals on virus reductions needed for recycled water. The use of safety factors to account for this may be useful to ensure that the risks in drinking water and recycled water for potable reuse are minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Gerba
- Water and Energy Sustainable Technology (WEST) Center, The University of Arizona, 2959 W. Calle Agua Nueva, Tucson, AZ 85745, USA
| | - Walter Q Betancourt
- Water and Energy Sustainable Technology (WEST) Center, The University of Arizona, 2959 W. Calle Agua Nueva, Tucson, AZ 85745, USA.
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ThankGod Eze C, Michelangeli F, Otitoloju AA. In vitro cyto-toxic assessment of heavy metals and their binary mixtures on mast cell-like, rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:686-693. [PMID: 30802834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the cytotoxicity and mechanisms of cell death induced by salts of Cadmium (Cd2+), Lead (Pb2+), Arsenic (AsO43-) and Chromium (Cr+6) on RBL-2H3 cells (a model mast cell line). In addition, cyto-toxic effect on cell viability was assessed to reveal their nature of interaction in binary mixture. The individual cytotoxic characteristics of these metals on RBL-2H3 cell viability showed a concentration-dependent reduction of cell viability. We observed that concentration-dependent cytotoxic potency on RBL-2H3 cells of these metals range in the following order Cd2+>Cr+6>As O43- > Pb2+ with LC50 values of 0.11 μM, 93.58 μM, 397.9 μM and 485.3 μM respectively. Additive effects were observed with Pb2+ + Cd2+, Pb2+ + AsO43-, Pb2+ + Cr+6 and AsO43- + Cr+6. The study revealed that Pb2+, Cd2+, AsO43- and Cr+6 could induce significant (P < 0.01) cell death by apoptosis in RBL-2H3. Highly significant necrotic cell death was observed with Pb2+ and Cr+6 (P < 0.01) than Cd2+ and AsO43- (P < 0.05). Overall, it can be deduced that several cell death executing pathways may be concomitantly activated on exposure to heavy metals and the predominance of one over others might depend on the type of heavy metal, concentration and the metabolic state of the cell. Eventually, binary mixtures of some of these metals showed less cytotoxicity than would be expected from their individual actions and may depend on the co-exposure of the metal ions and their modes of action.
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Rahman A, Al-Qenaie S, Rao MS, Khan KM, Guillemin GJ. Memantine Is Protective against Cytotoxicity Caused by Lead and Quinolinic Acid in Cultured Rat Embryonic Hippocampal Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1134-1143. [PMID: 30950269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Quinolinic acid (QA) is an excitotoxic metabolite of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism produced in response to inflammation and oxidative stress. Lead (Pb) causes oxidative stress and thus may produce neurotoxicity by increasing QA production. We investigated the in vitro cytotoxic effects of Pb and QA and the protective effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine. Primary cultures of embryonic hippocampal cells from Wistar rats were treated with different concentrations of Pb, QA, and Pb + QA with and without memantine. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry after Annexin-V/propidium iodide staining. The numbers of immunostained neurons (with β3-Tubulin; Tuj1) and astrocytes (with glial fibrillary acidic protein) were counted. Pb at 20 μg/dL (0.97 μM) and QA at 500 nM concentrations showed significant cytotoxic effects, as evidenced by decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, and a decrease in the number of both astrocytes and neurons. The combination of Pb and QA showed significant synergistic apoptotic effects at lower doses. Memantine (500 nM) was largely protective against the cytotoxic effects of both Pb and QA, suggesting that Pb's and QA's cytotoxicity involves NMDA receptor activation. Whereas the neuroprotection by memantine from QA-induced toxicity has been previously reported, this is the first study reporting the protection by memantine against Pb-induced cytotoxicity in cultured hippocampal cells. Protection by memantine against these neurotoxicants in vivo needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rahman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences , Kuwait University , 13060 Kuwait City , Kuwait
| | - Sara Al-Qenaie
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences , Kuwait University , 13060 Kuwait City , Kuwait.,Kuwait Oil Company Hospital , 61008 Ahmadi , Kuwait
| | - Muddanna S Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine , Kuwait University , 13060 Kuwait City , Kuwait
| | - Khalid M Khan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine , Kuwait University , 13060 Kuwait City , Kuwait
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Macquarie Park , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
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Yi Y, Xie B, Zhao T, Li Z, Stom D, Liu H. Effect of external resistance on the sensitivity of microbial fuel cell biosensor for detection of different types of pollutants. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 125:71-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Martínez MÁ, Castro I, Rovira J, Ares S, Rodríguez JM, Cunha SC, Casal S, Fernandes JO, Schuhmacher M, Nadal M. Early-life intake of major trace elements, bisphenol A, tetrabromobisphenol A and fatty acids: Comparing human milk and commercial infant formulas. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 169:246-255. [PMID: 30476748 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the presence of a wide spectrum of major and trace elements (As, Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Sr, Sb, Se, Sn, Pb, V, and Zn), fatty acids, as well as some pollutants like free and total BPA and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), was analysed in human milk (n = 53) and infant formula (n = 50) samples. In addition, the infant exposure to these chemicals was assessed. The content of free BPA and several elements (Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Sn, Sr, and Zn) was higher (p < 0.01) in infant formula samples. Furthermore, human milk contained levels of BPA and elements that, in almost all cases, were well below their respective EFSA and/or WHO thresholds, being also independent of the maternal characteristics (e.g., age, BMI or breastfeeding period). The fatty acid profiling also revealed major differences between human milk and infant formulas, which should be taken in account in the development of new formulas as well as in specific recommendations for the diet of breastfeeding mothers. Anyway, the results of this study reinforce that breastfeeding should be always the first feeding option in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ángeles Martínez
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Irma Castro
- Dpt. Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Rovira
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Susana Ares
- Department of Neonatology, Universitary Hospital La Paz, P° de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Dpt. Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Cristina Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Casal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose Oliveira Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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Xiang P, Jia Y, Wang K, Li MY, Qin YS, He RW, Gao P, Liu Y, Liu X, Ma LQ. Water extract of indoor dust induces tight junction disruption in normal human corneal epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:301-307. [PMID: 30189392 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In corneal epithelium, tight junctions play a vital role in its barrier function. Human cornea is highly susceptible to damage by dust. Continued daily exposure to dust has been associated with increased risks of corneal injury. Studies demonstrated that water extract of dust induced cytotoxicity in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs); however, its effects on corneal epithelial barrier function are unknown. In this study, we determined the concentrations of heavy metals in water extracts of dust, with office dust having higher concentrations of heavy metals than housedust, and Cu and Zn being highest among metals for both dust. Changes in barrier function and its associated mechanism after exposing HCECs to water extracts of dust at 48 μg/100 μ L for 7 d were evaluated. Water extracts of both dust caused decrease of TEER value (39-73%), down-regulation of gene expression related to tight junction and mucin (0.2-0.8 fold), and loss of ZO-1 immunoreactivity from cellular borders, with office dust having greater potential than housedust to disrupt corneal epithelial barrier function. Our data implied the importance to reduce heavy metals in dust to reduce their adverse impacts on human eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xiang
- Research Center for Soil Contamination and Environment Remediation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Yue Jia
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Research Center for Soil Contamination and Environment Remediation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Meng-Ying Li
- Research Center for Soil Contamination and Environment Remediation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Yi-Shu Qin
- Research Center for Soil Contamination and Environment Remediation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Rui-Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Yungen Liu
- Research Center for Soil Contamination and Environment Remediation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Research Center for Soil Contamination and Environment Remediation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Research Center for Soil Contamination and Environment Remediation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States.
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Dórea JG. Multiple low-level exposures: Hg interactions with co-occurring neurotoxic substances in early life. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1863:129243. [PMID: 30385391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
All chemical forms of Hg can affect neurodevelopment; however, low levels of organic Hg (methylmercury-MeHg and ethylmercury-EtHg in Thimerosal-containing vaccines, hereafter 'TCV') exposures during early life (pregnancy and lactation) co-occur with other environmental neurotoxic substances. These neurotoxicants may act in parallel, synergistically, or antagonistically to Hg. Nevertheless, the risks of neurotoxicity associated with multiple neuro-toxicants depend on type, time, combinations of exposure, and environmental and/or genetic-associated factors. Neurological developmental disorders, delays in cognition and behavioral outcomes associated with multiple exposures (which include Hg) may show transient or lasting outcomes depending on constitutional and/or environmental factors that can interact to neutralize, aggravate or attenuate these effects; often these studies are challenging to interpret. During pregnancy and lactation, fish-MeHg exposure is frequently confounded with the opposing effects of neuroactive nutrients (in fish) that lead to positive, negative, or no effects on neurobehavioral tests. In infancy, exposures to acute binary mixtures (TCV- EtHg and Al-adjuvants in infant immunizations) are associated with increased risks of tics and other developmental disorders. Despite the certitude that promulgates single environmental neurotoxicants, empirical comparisons of combined exposures indicate that Hg-related outcome is uneven. Hg in combination with other neurotoxic mixtures may elevate risks of neurotoxicity, but these risks arise in circumstances that are not yet predictable. Therefore, to achieve the goals of the Minamata treaty and to safeguard the health of children, low levels of mercury exposure (in any chemical form) needs to be further reduced whether the source is environmental (air- and food-borne) or iatrogenic (pediatric TCVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Dórea
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70919-970, DF, Brazil..
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