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Topcu A, Saral S, Mercantepe T, Akyildiz K, Tumkaya L, Yilmaz A. The effects of apelin-13 against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:77-87. [PMID: 34894944 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.2011309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is observed in nearly 60% of patients undergoing cisplatin (CP) therapy. The aim of this study was to reveal the potential effects of apelin-13 (AP-13) in the prevention of CP-induced renal toxicity, together with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect mechanisms. Four experimental groups were established. Group 1, the control group, received 0.9% saline solution alone intraperitoneally (IP). Group 2, the CP group, received CP IP at 5 mg/kg once weekly for four weeks for induction of nephrotoxicity. In Group 3, the CP + Apelin-13 (AP-13) group, AP-13 was prepared at 20 nmol kg/d in sterile pyrogen-free saline before injection every day for four weeks and administered IP. CP was administered IP at 5 mg/kg once weekly for four weeks for induction of nephrotoxicity. In Group 4, the AP-13 group, AP-13 was prepared at 20 nmol kg/d in sterile pyrogen-free 0.9% saline before injection every day for four weeks and administered IP. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), thiol (-SH), interleukin-1 beta, cleaved caspase-3, 8-hydroxy 2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κβ/p65) levels were then measured. Increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis as a result of CP application activated the cascade. However, AP-13 administration reduced the oxidative stress increased by CIS with the determined antioxidant effect and reduced the damage by increasing total -SH levels. 8-OHdG and NF-κβ/p65, which were up-regulated by triggering oxidative stress and inflammation, were down-regulated through the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of AP-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Topcu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sinan Saral
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Kerimali Akyildiz
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Health Care Services Vocational School, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Pai HL, Hsieh SMT, Su YS, Sue XY, Chang HH, Lin DPC. Short-Term Hyperuricemia Leads to Structural Retinal Changes That Can be Reversed by Serum Uric Acid Lowering Agents in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:8. [PMID: 36098977 PMCID: PMC9482320 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.10.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Metabolic disorders have been implicated in ocular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Recently, hyperuricemia (HUA) has been proposed as another risk factor for AMD, although no cause-and-effect experimental data have been published. In this study, we investigated whether HUA would initiate AMD or related retinal damages in hyperuricemic mice. Methods HUA was induced in male ICR mice by dietary supplements of uric acid and oxonic acid potassium salt, with or without treatments by allopurinol or benzbromarone for various durations. Serum uric acid and angiotensin II concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at regular intervals. The retinal damages were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunostaining, and TUNEL assay. The cause-and-effect of HUA was compared among the study groups. Results The results showed that the total thickness of photoreceptor inner and outer segments, as well as the thickness of the photoreceptor outer segment alone, were reduced under HUA. Furthermore, HUA elevated serum angiotensin II, which indicated activation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), leading to higher matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression, and glial activation in the ganglion cell layer. HUA also led to the reduction of retinal pigment epithelium gap junction protein connexin-43 and apoptosis. Uric acid lowering agents, allopurinol or benzbromarone, were effective in ameliorating the impairments. Conclusions HUA may pose as a causative factor of retinal injuries. The reduction of serum uric acid may reduce the detrimental effects caused by HUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Liang Pai
- Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sophie Meng-Tien Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Shan Su
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yuan Sue
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Han-Hsin Chang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - David Pei-Cheng Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Şirinyıldız F, Cesur G. Investigation of the Effects of Apelin 13 on Experimental Ulcerative Colitis. MEANDROS MEDICAL AND DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.4274/meandros.galenos.2022.86729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Yuan Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Hong Q, Huang W, Li L, Xie Z, Chen Y, Li X, Meng Y. Apelin-13 Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses and Acute Lung Injury by Regulating PFKFB3-Driven Glycolysis Induced by NOX4-Dependent ROS. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2121-2139. [PMID: 35386222 PMCID: PMC8977227 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s348850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening condition with limited therapeutic options. Macrophage inflammation plays a key role in the development of ALI. Abnormal glycolysis of macrophages contributes to the inflammatory response. However, the role of macrophage glycolysis in ALI still requires investigation. Apelin-13 has been shown to protect against ALI, whereas the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effect of apelin-13 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and ALI via regulation of glycolysis by modulating redox homeostasis in macrophages. Methods Serums from 34 patients with sepsis and 13 healthy volunteers were analyzed. In vivo, the protective effect of apelin-13 against LPS-induced ALI was evaluated using a mouse model of LPS-induced ALI. In vitro, mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMDMs) were pretreated with the antioxidant, NADPH oxidase (NOX) 4 (NOX4) small-interfering RNA (siRNA), the 6-phosphofructo-2 -kinase/fructose- 2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) siRNA, or the PFKFB3 overexpression plasmid before exposure to LPS. Results Serum apelin-13 levels were significantly elevated in patients with sepsis and sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (P<0.0001). In vivo, apelin-13 suppressed LPS-induced ALI and inflammatory cytokine production (P<0.05). Furthermore, apelin-13 reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, NOX4 protein levels, and glycolysis. In vitro, LPS stimulation elevated NOX4 protein levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (P<0.05). These changes resulted in the accumulation of glycolysis in BMDMs. Treatment with antioxidant or NOX4 siRNA inhibited LPS-induced glycolysis and inflammatory cytokine production (P<0.05). Moreover, in vitro experiments revealed that PFKFB3 regulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by modulating glycolysis. In contrast, the action of apelin-13 opposed the effects of LPS. Conclusion In conclusion, apelin-13 protects against LPS-induced inflammatory responses and ALI by regulating PFKFB3-driven glycolysis induced by NOX4-dependent ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaohui Hong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanzhan Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
- Xu Li, Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ying Meng, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 20-62787112, Email
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Alizadeh Pahlavani H. Possible roles of exercise and apelin against pregnancy complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:965167. [PMID: 36093083 PMCID: PMC9452694 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.965167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with the risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and cardiomyopathy. Environmental factors such as active lifestyles and apelin may lead to beneficial changes. In rats, apelin and exercise (45 to 65% VO2max for 6 to 9 weeks) during pregnancy increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) proteins such as Cidea, Elovl3, UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC-1α in males and females fetuses, while white adipose tissue (WAT) is reduced. In humans and animals, apelin and exercise stimulate the expression of the glucose transporters (GLUT1/2/4) in the muscle and adipose tissue through the PI3K/Akt and AMPK pathways. Hence, exercise and apelin may are known as regulators of energy metabolism and be anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. In mice, exercise also creates a short-term hypoxic environment in the pregnant mother, activating HIF-1, VEGF, and VEGFR, and increasing angiogenesis. Exercise and apelin also increase vasodilation, angiogenesis, and suppression of inflammation through the L-arginine/eNOS/NO pathway in humans. Exercise can stimulate the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis in parallel with inhibiting the ACE-Ang II-AT1 pathway. Exercise and apelin seem to prevent preeclampsia through these processes. In rats, moderate-intensity exercise (60 to 70% VO2max for 8 weeks) and apelin/APJ also may prevent pathological hypertrophy in pregnancy by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway, PI3k-Akt-ERK1/2-p70S6K pathway, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Since pre-clinical studies have been more on animal models, future research with scientific guidelines should pay more attention to human specimens. In future research, time factors such as the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy and the intensity and duration of exercise are important variables that should be considered to determine the optimal intensity and duration of exercise.
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Zhang J, Lin X, Xu J, Tang F, Tan L. CTRP3 protects against uric acid-induced endothelial injury by inhibiting inflammation and oxidase stress in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:174-183. [PMID: 34601891 PMCID: PMC8777481 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211047183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia, which contributes to vascular endothelial damage, plays a key role in multiple cardiovascular diseases. This study was designed to investigate whether C1q/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related protein 3 (CTRP3) has a protective effect on endothelial damage induced by uric acid and its underlying mechanisms. Animal models of hyperuricemia were established in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats through the consumption of 10% fructose water for 12 weeks. Then, the rats were given a single injection of Ad-CTRP3 or Ad-GFP. The animal experiments were ended two weeks later. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were first infected with Ad-CTRP3 or Ad-GFP. Then, the cells were stimulated with 10 mg/dL uric acid for 48 h after pretreatment with or without a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-specific inhibitor. Hyperuricemic rats showed disorganized intimal structures, increased endothelial apoptosis rates, increased inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, which were accompanied by reduced CTRP3 and elevated TLR4 protein levels in the thoracic aorta. In contrast, CTRP3 overexpression decreased TLR4 protein levels and ameliorated inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, thereby improving the morphology and apoptosis of the aortic endothelium in rats with hyperuricemia. Similarly, CTRP3 overexpression decreased TLR4-mediated inflammation, reduced oxidative stress, and rescued endothelial damage induced by uric acid in HUVECs. In conclusion, CTRP3 ameliorates uric acid-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, which in turn protects against endothelial injury, possibly by inhibiting TLR4-mediated inflammation and downregulating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Theater Command General
Hospital of the Chinese PLA, Wuhan 430070, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology,
Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Theater Command General
Hospital of the Chinese PLA, Wuhan 430070, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jinxiu Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Theater Command General
Hospital of the Chinese PLA, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology,
Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Theater Command General
Hospital of the Chinese PLA, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology,
Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Lupin Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Theater Command General
Hospital of the Chinese PLA, Wuhan 430070, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Kutlay Ö, Keskin-Aktan A, Aslan E. Protective effect of Apelin-13 in a cyclophosphamide-induced cardiorenal toxicity model in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 100:314-323. [PMID: 34665971 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide is a chemotherapeutic drug that is widely used in the clinic and can cause multi-organ toxicity. Apelin-13 is an endogenous adipocytokine with antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possibility of apelin-13 being a potential therapeutic agent on cardiac toxicity and nephrotoxicity caused by cyclophosphamide. In this study, a total of 4 groups were formed, including 8 rats in each group. Group 1: The control group was administered only saline (ip). Group 2: Cyclophosphamide, a single dose of 200 mg/kg (ip) on day 7. Group 3: Apelin-13 (15 μg/kg), for 7 days (ip). Group 4: Administering apelin-13 (15 μg/kg) (ip) for 7 days and a single dose of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) (ip) on day 7, the rats were sacrificed on day 8. LDH, cTn1, cK-Mb, AST, ALT, ALP, MDA, creatinine, and BUN were found to be high in the cyclophosphamide group, however, these values were reduced with apelin-13 administration. Antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, GPx, CAT, and GSH decreased in the cyclophosphamide group, apelin-13 increased these enzyme activities. In addition, histopathological examinations also supported the results obtained. The findings of this study showed that apelin-13 has a protective effect against cardiorenal toxicity caused by cyclophosphamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özden Kutlay
- Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, 534521, Department of Physiology, Afyonkarahisar, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey;
| | - Arzu Keskin-Aktan
- Afyonkarahisar University of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine, 563947, Physiology, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, 03200;
| | - Esra Aslan
- Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, 534521, Department of Histology and Embryology, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey;
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Wan T, Fu M, Jiang Y, Jiang W, Li P, Zhou S. Research Progress on Mechanism of Neuroprotective Roles of Apelin-13 in Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:205-217. [PMID: 34518975 PMCID: PMC8436866 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Currently, more than 50 million people live with dementia worldwide, and this number is expected to increase. Some of the typical pathological changes of AD include amyloid plaque, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, secretion of inflammatory mediators, and neuronal apoptosis. Apelin is a neuroprotective peptide that is widely expressed in the body. Among members of apelin family, apelin-13 is the most abundant with a high neuroprotective function. Apelin-13/angiotensin domain type 1 receptor-associated proteins (APJ) system regulates several physiological and pathophysiological cell activities, such as apoptosis, autophagy, synaptic plasticity, and neuroinflammation. It has also been shown to prevent AD development. This article reviews the research progress on the relationship between apelin-13 and AD to provide new ideas for prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China.,Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyuan Fu
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423043, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Peiling Li
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shouhong Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China. .,Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China.
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Zheng XD, Huang Y, Li H. Regulatory role of Apelin-13-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the glucose and lipid metabolism of mouse with gestational diabetes mellitus. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152135. [PMID: 34521048 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory mechanism of Apelin-13-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the glucose and lipid metabolism of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) mouse. METHODS GDM mice models were established and treated with Apelin-13 and/or PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002. Then, the indicators of glucose and lipid metabolism and the levels of inflammatory factors were detected. Besides, the levels of indicators of oxidative stress in the placenta of mice were measured. Western blotting was also carried out to determine the expression of PI3K/AKT pathway-related proteins in all groups. RESULTS In comparison with the Control group, mice in the GDM group presented with the continuous increase in the level of FBG as the time went on, while FINS level decreased evidently. Besides, the fetus alive ratio in the GDM group was much lower with significant increased weight of fetal mouse and weight of placenta; the mice had significant decreased levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and MCP-1, and in the placenta, the levels of SOD, GPx, GSH and CAT were also reduced evidently, with significant downregulation of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT. However, indicators above in the GDM mice treated with Apelin-13 had significant improvement as compared to those in the GDM group, and the improvement was reversed by LY294002 treatment. CONCLUSION Apelin-13, possibly by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, could improve the glucose and lipid metabolism, reduce the damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction, and protect the pancreas islet, thereby improving the pregnancy outcome of GDM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou City 434020, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou City 434020, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou City 434020, Hubei Province, PR China.
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Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Bougea A, Piperi C. Impact of the apelin/APJ axis in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease with therapeutic potential. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2117-2133. [PMID: 34115895 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains elusive. There is still no available disease-modifying strategy against PD, whose management is mainly symptomatic. A growing amount of preclinical evidence shows that a complex interplay between autophagy dysregulation, mitochondrial impairment, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and excessive neuroinflammation underlies PD pathogenesis. Identifying key molecules linking these pathological cellular processes may substantially aid in our deeper understanding of PD pathophysiology and the development of novel effective therapeutic approaches. Emerging preclinical evidence indicates that apelin, an endogenous neuropeptide acting as a ligand of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ, may play a key neuroprotective role in PD pathogenesis, via inhibition of apoptosis and dopaminergic neuronal loss, autophagy enhancement, antioxidant effects, endoplasmic reticulum stress suppression, as well as prevention of synaptic dysregulation in the striatum, excessive neuroinflammation, and glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Underlying signaling pathways involve phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and inositol requiring kinase 1α/XBP1/C/EBP homologous protein. Herein, we discuss the role of apelin/APJ axis and associated molecular mechanisms on the pathogenesis of PD in vitro and in vivo and provide evidence for its challenging therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Anastasia Bougea
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Anti-Apoptotic Effect of Apelin in Human Placenta: Studies on BeWo Cells and Villous Explants from Third-Trimester Human Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052760. [PMID: 33803239 PMCID: PMC7967155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated the expression of apelin and G-protein-coupled receptor APJ in human placenta cell lines as well as its direct action on placenta cell proliferation and endocrinology. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of apelin on placenta apoptosis in BeWo cells and villous explants from the human third trimester of pregnancy. The BeWo cells and villous explants were incubated with apelin (2 and 20 ng/mL) alone or with staurosporine for 24 to 72 h. First, we analysed the dose- and time-dependent effect of apelin on the expression of apoptotic factors on the mRNA level by real-time PCR and on the protein level using Western blot. Next, we checked caspase 3 and 7 activity by Caspase-Glo 3/7, DNA fragmentation by the Cell Death Detection ELISA kit and oxygen consumption by the MitoXpress-Xtra Oxygen Consumption assay. We found that apelin increased the expression of pro-survival and decreased proapoptotic factors on mRNA and protein levels in both BeWo cells and villous explants. Additionally, apelin inhibited caspase 3 and 7 activity and DNA fragmentation in staurosporine-induced apoptosis as also attenuated oxidative stress by increasing extracellular oxygen consumption. The antiapoptotic effect of apelin in BeWo cells was mediated by the APJ receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/2/MAP3/1) and protein kinase B (AKT). The obtained results showed the antiapoptotic effect of apelin on trophoblast cells, suggesting its participation in the development of the placenta.
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Tian X, Zuo Y, Chen S, Wang A, Li H, He Y, Zhang L, An J, Wu S, Luo Y. Associations between changes in serum uric acid and the risk of myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2020; 314:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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