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Huang B, Li X, Zheng Y, Mai Y, Zhang Z. Effects of esketamine on depression-like behavior and dendritic spine plasticity in the prefrontal cortex neurons of spared nerve injury-induced depressed mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13736. [PMID: 38985082 PMCID: PMC11249197 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study utilized the spared nerve injury (SNI) to create a mouse model of depression to investigate the impact of esketamine on depressive-like behaviors, on the expression of PSD-95 and CRMP2 proteins, and on changes in neuronal dendritic spine plasticity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Depressive-like behavioral tests were performed 1 h after esketamine treatment, and the PFC tissues were obtained on the fourth day after completing the behavioral tests. Then, dendritic spine density and morphology in the PFC were measured using Golgi staining, and CRMP2 and PSD-95 proteins were obtained from PFC tissue by western blotting. The results of this study showed that esketamine significantly increased the immobility time in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test. In the open field test, esketamine increased the time spent in the open arms, the time spent in the central area, and the total distance covered. It also increased the protein expression levels of CRMP2 and PSD-95 in addition to the total and mature dendritic spine density of the PFC in SNI-depressed mice. Esketamine can significantly improve depression-like behaviors in SNI-depressed mice and promote an increase in dendritic spine density and maturation in the PFC. These effects may be associated with changes in CRMP2 and PSD-95 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixin Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuling Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Mai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongqi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
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2
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Li J, Xu H, Zhang K, Liu Y, Zeng C, Fu Y, Li Y. Astrocyte-derived exosomes-transported miRNA-26a-5p ameliorates sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice. Transl Res 2024; 268:79-96. [PMID: 38246343 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged sevoflurane anesthesia is the primary factor contributing to the development of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). Recent studies have highlighted neuronal apoptosis and abnormal dendritic structures as crucial features of PND. Astrocytes-derived exosomes (ADEs) have been identified as carriers of microRNAs (miRNAs), playing a vital role in cell-to-cell communication through transmitting genetic material. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms by which miRNAs in ADEs contribute to sevoflurane-induced cognitive deficit are currently unknown. Through a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments, we demonstrated that ADEs contributed to improved neurocognitive outcomes by reducing neuronal apoptosis and promoting dendritic development. Our miRNA microarray analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression level of miR-26a-5p within ADEs. Furthermore, we identified NCAM as the downstream target gene of miR-26a-5p. Subsequent gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to validate the role of the miR-26a-5p/NCAM axis. Finally, we found that the AKT/GSK3-β/CRMP2 signaling pathway was involved in regulating neurons through exosomal miR-26a-5p. Taken together, our findings suggest that the treatment with miR-26a-5p in ADEs can improve neurocognitive outcomes induced by long-term sevoflurane anesthesia, suggesting a promising approach for retarding the progress of PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Brain research center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yafang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Cong Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yanni Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Brain research center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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3
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Alrouji M, Al‐kuraishy HM, Al‐Gareeb AI, Alshammari MS, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Bahaa MM, Batiha GE. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) inhibitors in Parkinson disease. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18412. [PMID: 38842132 PMCID: PMC11154839 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a protein expressed in postmitotic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Cdk5 is activated by p35 and p39 which are neuron regulatory subunits. Cdk5/p35 complex is activated by calpain protease to form Cdk5/p35 which has a neuroprotective effect by regulating the synaptic plasticity and memory functions. However, exaggerated Cdk5 is implicated in different types of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson disease (PD). Therefore, modulation of Cdk5 signalling may mitigate PD neuropathology. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to discuss the critical role of Cdk5 in the pathogenesis of PD, and how Cdk5 inhibitors are effectual in the management of PD. In conclusion, overactivated Cdk5 is involved the development of neurodegeneration, and Cdk5/calpain inhibitors such as statins, metformin, fenofibrates and rosiglitazone can attenuate the progression of PD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alrouji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical SciencesShaqra UniversityShaqraSaudi Arabia
| | - Haydar M. Al‐kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Mohammed S. Alshammari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical SciencesShaqra UniversityShaqraSaudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh UniversityMohaliPunjabIndia
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Research & Development, FunogenAthensGreece
- Department of Research & Development, AFNP MedWienAustria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery IIUniversity Hospital Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Mostafa M. Bahaa
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of PharmacyHorus UniversityNew DamiettaEgypt
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourEgypt
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Xie Y, Zhao J, Li X, Sun J, Yang H. Effects of Cyfluthrin Exposure on Neurobehaviour, Hippocampal Tissue and Synaptic Plasticity in Wistar Rats. TOXICS 2023; 11:999. [PMID: 38133400 PMCID: PMC10748044 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Cyfluthrin (Cy) exposure on neurobehaviour, hippocampal tissue and synaptic plasticity in Wistar rats. First, it was found that high-dose Cy exposure could cause nerve injury, resulting in symptoms such as deficits in learning and memory ability, spatial exploration and autonomic motor function. Moreover, it was found that medium- and high-dose Cy exposure could cause an abnormal release of the neurotransmitter Glu. Second, brain tissue pathology showed that the middle and high doses of Cy caused tissue deformation, reduced the number of hippocampal puramidal cells, caused a disorder of these cells, decreased the number of Nissl bodies, and caused pyknosis of the hippocampal cell nuclear membrane and serious damage to organelles, indicating that exposure to these doses of Cy may cause hippocampal tissue damage in rats. Third, as the exposure dose increased, morphological changes in hippocampal synapses, including blurred synaptic spaces, a decreased number of synaptic vesicles and a decreased number of synapses, became more obvious. Moreover, the expression levels of the key synaptic proteins PSD-95 and SYP also decreased in a dose-dependent manner, indicating obvious synaptic damage. Finally, the study found that medium and high doses of Cy could upregulate the expression of A2AR in the hippocampus and that the expression levels of inflammatory factors and apoptosis-related proteins increased in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the expression of A2AR mRNA was correlated with neurobehavioural indicators and the levels of inflammatory factors, synaptic plasticity-related factors and apoptosis-related factors, suggesting that Cy may cause nerve damage in rats and that this effect is closely related to A2AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Xie
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (Y.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ji Zhao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (Y.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (Y.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (Y.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Huifang Yang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (Y.X.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Niu Y, Cheng Y, Miao Z, Xu J, Jiang H, Yan J. Inhibitory neuron map of sevoflurane induced neurotoxicity model in young primates. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1252782. [PMID: 38026701 PMCID: PMC10643782 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1252782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sevoflurane, one of the most commonly used anesthetic agents in children, may induce neuronal dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Exposure to sevoflurane might induce an imbalance between neural excitation and inhibition which could be a mechanism behind anesthesia-induced cognitive and affective dysfunctions. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods In this study, we used two rhesus macaques in the control group, and one rhesus macaques in the anesthesia group. We employed single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) technology to explore alterations in distinct types of inhibitory neurons involved in the long-term cognitive impairment caused by sevoflurane in young macaques. Results Following sevoflurane treatment, an upregulation was observed in the SST+ inhibitory neuron in the LHX6+ neighborhood in the hippocampus of rhesus macaques. This alteration might impact brain development by influencing interneuron migration and maturation. Additionally, we proposed a novel classification of inhibitory neurons, defined by CNR1 and LHX6 applicable to both humans and macaques. Discussion Our study proposed a novel classification of inhibitory neurons defined by LHX6 and CNR1, relevant in macaques and humans. We also provide evidence that sevoflurane upregulated the SST+ inhibitory neuron in the LHX6+ neighborhood in the hippocampus of rhesus macaques, which may underlie the potential neurotoxic effects induced by general anesthetics. Our results also offer a more reliable approach for studying the structure and function of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jia Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Tao FF, Wang ZY, Wang Y, Lv QR, Cai PP, Min HW, Ge JW, Yin CY, Cheng R. Inhibition of hippocampal cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity ameliorates learning and memory dysfunction in a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 36964998 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Oxygen therapy plays a vital role in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which is the independent risk factor for neurodevelopment deficits in premature infants. However, the effect of hippocampal cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) on BPD-associated neurodevelopment deficits is not fully understood. METHODS Mice were placed in a hyperoxia chamber from postnatal Day 1 to Day 7. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the lung histomorphological characteristics. Learning and memory functions of mice were detected by Morris water maze. TUNEL staining was applied to measure the number of apoptotic cells. The expression of CDK5, apoptosis-related protein, and neuroplasticity-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Golgi staining was used to assess the structure of dendritic spines. RESULTS Hyperoxia-induced BPD mice showed a long-term learning and memory dysfunction, more severe neuronal apoptosis, and a decline of synaptic plasticity. Inhibition of CDK5 overactivation ameliorated cognitive deficits, neuronal apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity disorders in BPD mice. CONCLUSIONS This study first found a vital role of CDK5 in BPD-associated neurodevelopmental disorders. Inhibition of CDK5 overexpression could effectively improve cognitive dysfunctions in BPD mice, which indicated that hippocampal CDK5 may be a new target for prevention and treatment in learning and memory dysfunction of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fei Tao
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Yu Wang
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian-Ru Lv
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Peng Cai
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Jian-Wei Ge
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Yu Yin
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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CircUBE3B High Expression Participates in Sevoflurane-Induced Human Hippocampal Neuron Injury via Targeting miR-326 and Regulating MYD88 Expression. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:16-28. [PMID: 36585543 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The clinical application of Sevoflurane (Sevo) brings about non-negligible neuron injury, leading to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). However, related pathogenesis is complex and not fully established. We aimed to disclose the role of circRNA UBE3B (circUBE3B) in neuron injury induced by Sevo. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by CCK-8 and flow cytometry experiments. Inflammation production was monitored by ELISA. The expression of circUBE3B, miR-326, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) mRNA was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Apoptosis-associated markers and MYD88 protein were quantified by western blot. The putative binding site between miR-326 and circUBE3B or MYD88 was verified by a dual-luciferase reporter experiment, and their binding was validated by a pull-down assay. Sevo treatment weakened cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis and inflammatory response. CircUBE3B expression was elevated in Sevo-treated neurons. Sevo-induced neuron injury was alleviated by circUBE3B downregulation but aggravated by circUBE3B overexpression. MiR-326 was targeted by circUBE3B, and miR-326 inhibition recovered neuron injury that was repressed by circUBE3B absence in Sevo-treated neurons. MiR-326 interacted with MYD88. MiR-326 enrichment attenuated Sevo-induced neuron injury, while these effects were reversed by MYD88 overexpression. CircUBE3B dysregulation was involved in Sevo-induced human hippocampal neuron injury via targeting the miR-326/MYD88 network.
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Wan Y, Wu Z, Li X, Zhao P. Maternal sevoflurane exposure induces neurotoxicity in offspring rats via the CB1R/CDK5/p-tau pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1066713. [PMID: 36703741 PMCID: PMC9871255 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1066713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane is widely used for maternal anesthesia during pregnancy. Sevoflurane exposure of rats at mid-gestation can cause abnormal development of the central nervous system in their offspring. Sevoflurane is known to increase the expression of cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) in the hippocampus. However, the effect of cannabinoid 1 receptor on fetal and offspring rats after maternal anesthesia is still unclear. At gestational day 14, pregnant rats were subjected to 2-h exposure to 3.5% sevoflurane or air. Rats underwent intraperitoneal injection with saline or rimonabant (1 mg/kg) 30 min prior to sevoflurane or air exposure. cannabinoid 1 receptor, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), p35, p25, tau, and p-tau expression in fetal brains was measured at 6, 12, and 24 h post-sevoflurane/air exposure. Neurobehavioral and Morris water maze tests were performed postnatal days 3-33. The expression of cannabinoid 1 receptor/cyclin-dependent kinase 5/p-tau and histopathological staining of brain tissues in offspring rats was observed. We found that a single exposure to sevoflurane upregulated the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and the level of p-tau via cannabinoid 1 receptor. This was accompanied by the diminished number of neurons and dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 regions. Finally, these effects induced lower scores and platform crossing times in behavioral tests. The present study suggests that a single exposure to 3.5% sevoflurane of rats at mid-gestation impairs neurobehavioral abilities and cognitive memory in offspring. cannabinoid 1 receptor is a possible target for the amelioration of postnatal neurobehavioral ability and cognitive memory impairments induced by maternal anesthesia.
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Zhong L, Ma X, Niu Y, Zhang L, Xue Z, Yan J, Jiang H. Sevoflurane exposure may cause dysplasia of dendritic spines and result in fine motor dysfunction in developing mouse through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1006175. [PMID: 36248658 PMCID: PMC9554089 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1006175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane has become one of the most widely used volatile anesthetics in pediatric surgery. However, sevoflurane exposure may interfere with dendritic development and synaptogenesis, resulting in brain function impairment. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway plays an important role in dendritic development and synaptic plasticity. Here we investigated whether sevoflurane exposure would affect the morphological proportions of dendritic spines in developing mouse and explored the role of the change of plasticity of dendritic spines in sevoflurane-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity. The related signaling pathway was also examined. C57BL/6 mice at postnatal day (PND) 7 were exposed to 2% sevoflurane for 3 h. The PI3k/AKT/mTOR agonist IGF-1 or the mTOR phosphorylation inhibitor KU0063794 was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before sevoflurane or O2 exposure at PND7. Hippocampi were harvested 6 h after sevoflurane exposure. Western blotting was applied to measure the protein expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway phosphorylation. At PND14, brains from all groups were harvested for Golgi staining, and the morphology of dendritic spines of hippocampal neurons was observed by an oil immersion lens. When the mice grew to adolescence (PND48), fine motor function was measured by the Beam walking test. Here we showed that exposure to 2% sevoflurane for 3 h decreased the proportion of thin dendritic spines and increased the proportion of mushroom dendritic spines, but not changed the density of the dendritic spines. Sevoflurane exposure also suppressed the phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in immature mice hippocampi, and eventually led to long-term fine motor dysfunction. Meanwhile, IGF-1 pretreatment could rescue and KU0063794 pretreatment could aggravate the impairment induced by sevoflurane. In conclusion, sevoflurane exposure may cause a change of proportions of the types of dendritic spines through impacting the phosphorylation expression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and eventually led to long-term fine motor dysfunction in developing mouse.
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Sun M, Xie Z, Zhang J, Leng Y. Mechanistic insight into sevoflurane-associated developmental neurotoxicity. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 38:927-943. [PMID: 34766256 PMCID: PMC9750936 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the development of technology, more infants receive general anesthesia for surgery, other interventions, or clinical examination at an early stage after birth. However, whether general anesthetics can affect the function and structure of the developing infant brain remains an important, complex, and controversial issue. Sevoflurane is the most-used anesthetic in infants, but this drug is potentially neurotoxic. Short or single exposure to sevoflurane has a weak effect on cognitive function, while long or repeated exposure to general anesthetics may cause cognitive dysfunction. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which sevoflurane exposure during development may induce long-lasting undesirable effects on the brain. We review neural cell death, neural cell damage, impaired assembly and plasticity of neural circuits, tau phosphorylation, and neuroendocrine effects as important mechanisms for sevoflurane-induced developmental neurotoxicity. More advanced technologies and methods should be applied to determine the underlying mechanism(s) and guide prevention and treatment of sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity. 1. We discuss the mechanisms underlying sevoflurane-induced developmental neurotoxicity from five perspectives: neural cell death, neural cell damage, assembly and plasticity of neural circuits, tau phosphorylation, and neuroendocrine effects.
2. Tau phosphorylation, IL-6, and mitochondrial dysfunction could interact with each other to cause a nerve damage loop.
3. miRNAs and lncRNAs are associated with sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Sun
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China 730000 ,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Center for Clinical Single Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China 450003
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jiaqiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Center for Clinical Single Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China 450003
| | - Yufang Leng
- Day Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China 730000
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Yang YL, Wang LJ, Chang JC, Ho SC, Kuo HC. A National Population Cohort Study Showed That Exposure to General Anesthesia in Early Childhood Is Associated with an Increase in the Risk of Developmental Delay. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8100840. [PMID: 34682104 PMCID: PMC8534755 DOI: 10.3390/children8100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between exposure to general anesthesia (GA) and the risk of cognitive and mental disorders. This study has thus investigated the relationships between exposure to GA before the age of 3 and subsequent cognitive and mental disorders in a national-wide research sample. We obtained our subjects from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan, which was based on the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). Children in the hospital aged less than 3 years old were included if there was GA exposure or not during the period of year 1997 to 2008. Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors were used to estimate the relative magnitude of the risk associated with GA exposure. The cohort contained 2261 subjects with GA and 4522 children without GA as a comparison group. GA exposure group had a higher rate of developmental delay than in the without GA group (hazard ratio 1.46, p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the overall incidence of ADHD, autism and intellectual disability between the GA-exposed group and the comparison cohort. In conclusion, this study reported that children exposed to GA early before the age of three had a small association with increased risk of development delay thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 883, Taiwan;
| | - Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Jung-Chan Chang
- Department of Data Science and Analytics, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Chen Ho
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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