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Terpiłowska S, Pięta E, Roman M, Paluszkiewicz C, Kwiatek WM. Spectroscopic imaging to assess biochemical alterations in liver carcinoma cells exposed to transition metals. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123228. [PMID: 37579664 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the invaluable role of transition metals in every living organism, it should be remembered that failure to maintain the proper balance and exceed the appropriate dose may have the opposite effect. In the era of such a popular and propagated need for supplementation in the media, one should bear in mind the harmful effects that may become the result of improper and excessive intake of transition metals. This article establishes the feasibility of Raman (RS) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging at the single-cell level to investigate the cellular response to various transition metals. These two non-destructive and perfectly complementary methods allow for in-depth monitoring of changes taking place within the cell under the influence of the agent used. HepG2 liver carcinoma cells were exposed to chromium, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, and nickel at 1 and 2 mM concentrations. Spectroscopic results were further supported by biological evaluation of selected caspases concentration. The caspase- 3, 6, 8, 9, and 12 concentrations were determined with the use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. This study shows the induction of apoptosis in the intrinsic pathway by all studied transition metals. Cellular metabolism alterations are induced by mitochondrial metabolism changes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) metabolism variations. Moreover, nickel induces not only the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis but also the extrinsic pathway of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Terpiłowska
- Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Collegium Medicum, Department of Surgical Medicine with the Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IX Wieków Kielc 19A Av., 25-317 Kielce, Poland.
| | - Ewa Pięta
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Roman
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech M Kwiatek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
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Wang L, Xu Y, Zhao X, Zhu X, He X, Sun A, Zhuang G. Antagonistic effects of N-acetylcysteine on lead-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in chicken embryo fibroblast cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21847. [PMID: 38034812 PMCID: PMC10682149 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal that can have harmful effects on the environment, which has severe cytotoxicity in many animal tissues. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has antioxidant activity, reducing lead-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, but its role in chicken cells is unknown. The current study explored the antagonistic effect of NAC on lead-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF). In this study, CEF was used as a model to measure the cytotoxic effects of lead nitrate at different concentrations, demonstrating a dose-dependent effect on CEF activity. Employing inverted microscopy, the investigation of morphological alterations in CEF cells was conducted. Fluorescence staining methodology enabled the assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels within CEF cells. Moreover, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was utilized to detect the presence of oxidative damage indicators encompassing superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) within CEF cells. Furthermore, the determination of the apoptosis rate of CEF cells was accomplished through the utilization of the Hoechst 33258 staining method in combination with the Annexin V-FITC dual staining method. By using RT-qPCR for detection, lead treatment increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes, caspase-3, and caspase-9, and reduced expression of anti-apoptotic genes, Bcl-2, and BI-1. Reduced antioxidant capacity was shown by increased ROS and MDA levels in CEF cells after lead treatment. The results showed that NAC inhibited the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in lead-treated CEF cells, while NAC had a certain inhibitory effect on the relative expression of Bcl-2 and BI-1 mRNA in lead-induced CEF cells. NAC significantly reduced lead-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis. Overall, our results demonstrate a novel protective effect of NAC against lead-induced injury in chicken cells, providing a theoretical basis for future investigations of drugs that are effective in preventing lead poisoning in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijie Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijun Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
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Bojarski B, Chmurska-Gąsowska M, Gałuszka A, Kozłowska A, Kotula-Balak M, Trela M, Kirpaniova A, Kustra K, Stonawski B, Łapiński S, Arent Z, Lis MW. Effects of embryonic cadmium exposure on erythrocyte indices and morphology in newly hatched Gallus gallus domesticus chicks. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101862. [PMID: 35477133 PMCID: PMC9061636 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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Terpilowska S. Pro- and antioxidant activity of chromium(III), iron(III), molybdenum(III), or nickel(II). Toxicology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819092-0.00011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Bojarski B, Buchko O, Kondera E, Ługowska K, Osikowski A, Trela M, Witeska M, Lis MW. Effects of embryonic exposure to chromium (VI) on blood parameters and liver microstructure of 1-day-old chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 100:366-371. [PMID: 33357701 PMCID: PMC7772708 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) has carcinogenic, nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and neurotoxic effects. Exposure to Cr(VI) can also lead to hematological alterations and blood biochemical changes. The literature on Cr(VI) toxicity concerns mostly adult forms of vertebrates. In this study, an attempt was made to determine the effect on the developing chicken embryo of Cr(VI) in ovo administration. It was observed that chromium affected the hatchability of chicks in a dose-dependent manner. At a dose from 25 to 250 μg per egg, Cr(VI) resulted in a statistically significant reduction of hatchability. Chromium administrated at lower doses (1.56 and 2.5 μg per egg) caused a statistically insignificant increase of hatchability. However, chromium at a level of LD50 (15.6 μg per egg) or 1/10 LD50 (1.56 per egg) did not cause major changes in hematological parameters or plasma biochemical indices in newly hatched chicks. The same doses did not lead to any histopathological changes in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Bojarski
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Oksana Buchko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Adaptation and Ontogenesis of Animals, Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 79034 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Elżbieta Kondera
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ługowska
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Artur Osikowski
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Trela
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Witeska
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Marcin W Lis
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
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Feng W, Li Q, Wang W, Chen Y, Zhang W, Zhao T, Mao G, Wu X, Yang L. Influence of Chronic Toxicity, Lipid Metabolism, Learning and Memory Ability, and Related Enzyme in Sprague-Dawley Rats by Long-Term Chromium Malate Supplementation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:243-257. [PMID: 29797207 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, chromium malate is beneficial for type 2 diabetic rats in control glycometabolism and lipid metabolism. The present study was designed to observe the chronic toxicity, lipid metabolism, learning and memory ability, and related enzymes of chromium malate in rats during the year. The results showed that pathological, toxic, feces, and urine of chromium malate (at daily doses of 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 μg Cr/kg bm) did not change measurably. Chromium malate (at daily doses of 15.0 and 20.0 μg Cr/kg bm) could significantly reduce the levels of total cholesterol (TC), LDL, and triglyceride (TG), and increase the level of HDL in male rats compared to control group and chromium picolinate group. Significant escalating trends of the escape latency and swimming speed (Morris water maze test), and the original platform quadrant stops, residence time, and swimming speed (Space exploration test) in male rats of chromium malate groups were obtained. The SOD, GSH-Px, and TChE activities of chromium malate (at daily doses of 15.0 and 20.0 μg Cr/kg bm) were enhanced significantly in male rats compared with those of the normal control group and chromium picolinate group. Glycometabolism and related enzymes had no significant changes compared to normal control group and chromium picolinate group. These results indicated that long-term chromium malate supplementation did not cause measurable toxicity at daily doses of 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 μg Cr/kg bm and could improve dyslipidemia and learning and memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Environmental health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Environmental health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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Liu Y, Hao P, Zhang X, Zhao X, Liu Y, Liu J. Effects of Excess Cr 3+ on Trace Element Contents in the Brain and Serum in Chicken. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 177:180-186. [PMID: 27761845 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of chromic chloride (CrCl3) on Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn contents in the brain and serum of chicken. Seventy-two chickens were randomly divided into four groups and treated with different doses of CrCl3 via drinking water: 0, 1/8, 1/4, and 1/2 LD50 for 42 days. The contents of the elements were evaluated through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results showed that Cr contents in the brain and serum were higher than those in the control groups, although no significant dose-dependent changes (P > 0.05) in brain of the Cr-treated groups were observed at 42 days. As exposure time was prolonged and CrCl3 dosage was increased, Ca contents increased (P < 0.05). Mg and Cu contents in serum decreased; by contrast, Mg and Cu contents initially increased and then decreased in the brain. Fe and Zn contents in the serum increased; conversely, Fe and Zn contents in the brain decreased. CrCl3 exposure did not significantly affect Mn contents at 14 or 28 days, but significantly decreased (P < 0.05) at 42 days. Therefore, excess Cr3+ intake can disrupt absorption and deposition of other trace elements in the brain and serum; the blood-brain barrier may prevent the accumulation of these elements in the brain exposed to CrCl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Pan Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xiaona Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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