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Pingale TD, Gupta GL. Acute and sub-acute toxicity study reveals no dentrimental effect of formononetin in mice upon repeated i.p. dosing. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:688-697. [PMID: 37415263 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2234026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Formononetin is a phytoestrogen which possess different pharmacological activities. The intraperitoneal route permits the identification of target organs involved in toxicity without compromising the molecule's bioavailability. The current study investigated the safety profile of intraperitoneal formononetin in Swiss albino mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS For acute toxicity study, formononetin administered intraperitoneally to mice at the doses of 5, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300 mg/kg for 14 days. For the subacute toxicity study, mice were intraperitoneally administered with formononetin (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) daily for 28 days. RESULTS During the acute study, no deteriorating effect was observed on body weight, food and water intake, no behavioral changes were observed in animals. The lethal dose 50% (LD50) of formononetin was determined to be 103.6 mg/kg of BW, with a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 50 mg/kg of BW. Mortality was observed in the 300 mg/kg dose group and histopathological changes such as a mild degree of diffuse granular degeneration in the liver but for rest all doses did not have any adverse effect. In subacute study, no signs of adverse effects, mortality, no changes in body weight, food and water intake, and hematological and biochemical parameters were observed. Histopathology of subacute study indicates, formononetin did not have any noxious effect on organs. CONCLUSION Formononetin shows mortality at acute dose 300 mg/kg and LD50 at 103.6 mg/kg of BW, with a NOAEL of 50 mg/kg of BW, rest all doses for acute and sub-acute are safe when given intraperitoneally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Dayanand Pingale
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Girdhari Lal Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
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Chung WY, Jadhav S, Hsu PK, Kuan CM. Evaluation of acute and sub-chronic toxicity of bitter melon seed extract in Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1024-1034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Mahdian-Shakib A, Hashemzadeh MS, Anissian A, Oraei M, Mirshafiey A. Evaluation of the acute and 28-day sub-acute intravenous toxicity of α-l-guluronic acid (ALG; G2013) in mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2022; 45:151-160. [PMID: 31533489 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1665679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
α-l-Guluronic acid (ALG; G2013) has been previously introduced as a new anti-inflammatory agent with promising therapeutic effects. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of ALG through intravenous (i.v.) administration in Balb/C mice. ALG was administrated i.v. to the mice with doses of 300, 600, and 1000 mg/kg of body weight to investigate acute toxicity (single dose) and with doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg of body weight to sub-acute toxicity study (daily injections for a period of 28 days). The mortality rate, food and water intake, behavior, body weight, gross necropsy, hematological and biochemical parameters as well as histopathological presentations of the vital organs (kidneys, liver, lungs, spleen, and heart) were examined in treated groups and compared to the healthy controls. The results of both acute and sub-acute studies showed that i.v. administrations of ALG did not affect the investigated parameters in both sexes, indicating that the LD50 of ALG was higher than 1000 mg/kg of body weight. As no difference was observed in toxicity profiles of investigated doses, no-observed-adverse-effect-level for i.v. administration of ALG in the sub-acute study was greater than 100 mg/kg body weight in both female and male mice. According to the finding, i.v. administration of ALG did not lead to any clinical sign in abovementioned doses, suggesting that ALG was well tolerated up to 1000 mg/kg. These pre-clinical findings support the application of ALG in the future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mahdian-Shakib
- Applied Virology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Anissian
- Veterinary Pathology Department, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran
| | - Mona Oraei
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Luna-Dulcey L, Almada da Silva J, Jimenez-Renard V, Caleiras E, Mouron S, Quintela-Fandino M, Cominetti MR. [6]-Gingerol-Derived Semi-Synthetic Compound SSi6 Inhibits Tumor Growth and Metastatic Dissemination in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Xenograft Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122855. [PMID: 34201040 PMCID: PMC8228746 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) represent approximately 15% of all breast cancers and lack the expression of a defined molecular target. This absence makes this subtype of cancer difficult to treat and control. Current chemotherapy drugs cause various side effects and toxicities that can jeopardize the quality of life of patients with TNBC cancer. Therefore, this research focuses on a new semi-synthetic compound derived from [6]-gingerol, where we demonstrate that it does not cause significant toxic effects in vivo and, more importantly, we demonstrate its antitumor and antimetastatic effects using preclinical xenograft models simulating two clinical scenarios of a woman with breast cancer. Abstract Breast cancer metastasis is the most common cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) form a heterogeneous group of tumors that have higher relapse rates and poorer survival compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Thus, this work reports the antitumor and antimetastatic activities of a [6]-gingerol-derived semi-synthetic compound named SSi6 on MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells using xenograft models. SSi6 did not cause toxic effects in vivo as demonstrated by body weight and hematological and histological evaluations. From the orthotopic xenograft model, we demonstrated that SSi6 slows and inhibits the growth of the primary tumor, as well as prevents metastatic spontaneous progression from lymph nodes to the lungs. Moreover, a second xenograft model with resection of the primary tumor showed that SSi6 also blocks the progression of metastases from the lymph nodes to other visceral organs. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SSi6 is a promising compound to be investigated in other preclinical and clinical models to be applied as a complementary therapy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liany Luna-Dulcey
- Laboratory of Biology of Aging (LABEN), Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), CEP 13565-905 São Carlos–SP, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3306-6672; Fax: +55-16-3351-9628
| | - James Almada da Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), CEP 49400-000, Av. Gov. Marcelo Deda, 330–São José, Lagarto–SE, Brazil;
| | - Veronica Jimenez-Renard
- Breast Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), CP 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.-R.); (S.M.); (M.Q.-F.)
| | - Eduardo Caleiras
- Histopathology Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), CP 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Silvana Mouron
- Breast Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), CP 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.-R.); (S.M.); (M.Q.-F.)
| | - Miguel Quintela-Fandino
- Breast Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), CP 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.-R.); (S.M.); (M.Q.-F.)
| | - Marcia R. Cominetti
- Laboratory of Biology of Aging (LABEN), Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), CEP 13565-905 São Carlos–SP, Brazil;
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Comparison of the acute toxicity, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities and chemical composition changes in Rhizoma anemones Raddeanae caused by vinegar processing. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:7. [PMID: 32020868 PMCID: PMC7076870 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the dry rhizome of Anemone raddeana Regel, Rhizoma Anemones Raddeanae (RAR), which belongs to Ranunculaceae, is usually used to treat wind and cold symptoms, hand-foot disease and spasms, joint pain and ulcer pain in China. It is well known that the efficacy of RAR can be distinctly enhanced by processing with vinegar due to the reduced toxicity and side effects. However, the entry of vinegar into liver channels can cause a series of problems. In this paper, the differences in the acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects between RAR and vinegar-processed RAR were compared in detail. The changes in the chemical compositions between RAR and vinegar-processed RAR were investigated, and the mechanism of vinegar processing was also explored. Methods Acute toxicity experiments were used to examine the toxicity of vinegar-processed RAR. A series of studies, such as the writhing reaction, ear swelling experiment, complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced rat foot swelling experiment and cotton granuloma, in experimental mice was conducted to observe the anti-inflammatory effect of vinegar-processed RAR. The inflammatory cytokines of model rats were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time of Flight mass spectrometer Detector (LC-Q-TOF) was used to analyse the chemical compositions of the RARs before and after vinegar processing. Results Neither obvious changes in mice nor death phenomena were observed as the amount of vinegar-processed RAR in crude drug was set at 2.1 g/kg. Vinegar-processed RAR could significantly prolong the latency, reduce the writhing reaction time to reduce the severity of ear swelling and foot swelling, and remarkably inhibit the secretion of Interleukin-1β(IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) proinflammatory cytokines. The content of twelve saponins (e.g., Eleutheroside K) in RAR was decreased after vinegar processing, but six other types (e.g., RDA) were increased. Conclusions These results revealed that vinegar processing could not only improve the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of RAR but also reduce its own toxicity. Trial registration Not applicable.
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Mathematical models applied to thyroid cancer. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:183-189. [PMID: 30771157 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine neoplasia in the world. The use of mathematical models on the development of tumors has yielded numerous results in this field and modeling with differential equations is present in many papers on cancer. In order to know the use of mathematical models with differential equations or similar in the study of thyroid cancer, studies since 2006 to date was reviewed. Systems with ordinary or partial differential equations were the means most frequently adopted by the authors. The models deal with tumor growth, effective half-life of radioiodine applied after thyroidectomy, the treatment with iodine-131, thyroid volume before thyroidectomy, and others. The variables usually employed in the models includes tumor volume, thyroid volume, amount of iodine, thyroglobulin and thyroxine hormone, radioiodine activity, and physical characteristics such as pressure, density, and displacement of the thyroid molecules. In conclusion, the mathematical models used so far with differential equations approach several aspects of thyroid cancer, including participation in methods of execution or follow-up of treatments. With the development of new models, an increase in the current understanding of the detection, evolution, and treatment of diseases is a step that should be considered.
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Saline extract of Pilosocereus gounellei stem has antinociceptive effect in mice without showing acute toxicity and altering motor coordination. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 95:289-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Egorova KS, Ananikov VP. Welche Katalysatormetalle sind harmlos, welche giftig? Vergleich der Toxizitäten von Ni-, Cu-, Fe-, Pd-, Pt-, Rh- und Au-Salzen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia S. Egorova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russland
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russland
- Department of Chemistry; Saint Petersburg State University; Stary Petergof 198504 Russland
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Egorova KS, Ananikov VP. Which Metals are Green for Catalysis? Comparison of the Toxicities of Ni, Cu, Fe, Pd, Pt, Rh, and Au Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12150-62. [PMID: 27532248 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental profiles for the selected metals were compiled on the basis of available data on their biological activities. Analysis of the profiles suggests that the concept of toxic heavy metals and safe nontoxic alternatives based on lighter metals should be re-evaluated. Comparison of the toxicological data indicates that palladium, platinum, and gold compounds, often considered heavy and toxic, may in fact be not so dangerous, whereas complexes of nickel and copper, typically assumed to be green and sustainable alternatives, may possess significant toxicities, which is also greatly affected by the solubility in water and biological fluids. It appears that the development of new catalysts and novel applications should not rely on the existing assumptions concerning toxicity/nontoxicity. Overall, the available experimental data seem insufficient for accurate evaluation of biological activity of these metals and its modulation by the ligands. Without dedicated experimental measurements for particular metal/ligand frameworks, toxicity should not be used as a "selling point" when describing new catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia S Egorova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Stary Petergof, 198504, Russia.
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