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Roy S, Sarkar T, Upadhye VJ, Chakraborty R. Comprehensive Review on Fruit Seeds: Nutritional, Phytochemical, Nanotechnology, Toxicity, Food Biochemistry, and Biotechnology Perspective. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:4472-4643. [PMID: 37755640 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Fruit seeds are leftovers from a variety of culinary sectors. They are generally unutilized and contribute greatly to global disposals. These seeds not only possess various nutritional attributes but also have many heath-beneficial properties. One way to make use of these seeds is to extract their bioactive components and create fortified food items. Nowadays, researchers are highly interested in creating innovative functional meals and food components from these unconventional resources. The main objective of this manuscript was to determine the usefulness of seed powder from 70 highly consumed fruits, including Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Banana, Blackberry, Blackcurrant, Blueberry, Cherry, Common plum, Cranberry, Gooseberry, Jackfruit, Jamun, Kiwi, Lemon, Mahua, Mango, Melon, Olive, Orange, and many more have been presented. The nutritional attributes, phytochemical composition, health advantages, nanotechnology applications, and toxicity of these fruit seeds have been fully depicted. This study also goes into in-depth detailing on creating useful food items out of these seeds, such as bakery goods, milk products, cereal-based goods, and meat products. It also identifies enzymes purified from these seeds along with their biochemical applications and any research openings in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Roy
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Govt. of West Bengal, Malda, 732102, India.
| | | | - Runu Chakraborty
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Hanif A, Ibrahim AH, Ismail S, Al-Rawi SS, Ahmad JN, Hameed M, Mustufa G, Tanwir S. Cytotoxicity against A549 Human Lung Cancer Cell Line via the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Nuclear Condensation Effects of Nepeta paulsenii Briq., a Perennial Herb. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062812. [PMID: 36985784 PMCID: PMC10054104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Nepeta belongs to the largest Lamiaceae family, with 300 species, which are distributed throughout the various regions of Africa, Asia, India, and America. Along with other plant families distinguished by their medicinal and therapeutic values, the Nepeta genus of Lameaceae remains relatively valuable. Hence, the phytochemicals of N. paulsenii Briq. were extracted using different plant parts, i.e., leaves, stem, roots, flowers, and the whole plant by using various solvents (ethanol, water, and ethyl acetate), obtaining 15 fractions. Each extract of dried plant material was analyzed by FT-IR and GC-MS to identify the chemical constituents. The cytotoxicity of each fraction was analyzed by MTT assay and mitochondrial membrane potential and nuclear condensation assays against lung cancer cells. Among the ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts, the flowers showed the best results, with IC50 values of 51.57 μg/mL and 50.58 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, among the water extracts of the various plant segments, the stem showed the best results, with an IC50 value of 123.80 μg/mL. 5-flourouracil was used as the standard drug, providing an IC50 value of 83.62 μg/mL. The Hoechst 33342 stain results indicated apoptotic features, i.e., chromatin dissolution and broken down, fragmented, and crescent-shaped nuclei. The ethanolic extracts of the flowers showed more pronounced apoptotic effects on the cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential indicated that rhodamine 123 fluorescence signals suppressed mitochondrial potential due to the treatment with the extracts. Again, the apoptotic index of the ethanolic extract of the flowers remained the highest. Hence it can be concluded that the flower part of N. paulsenii Briq. was found to be the most active against the A459 human lung cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Hanif
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad H Ibrahim
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, 100mt. St., Near Baz Interaction, Erbil 44001, KRG, Iraq
| | - Sidra Ismail
- Incharge Health Officer, BHU 418 GB, Faisalabad 37150, Pakistan
| | - Sawsan S Al-Rawi
- Biology Education Department, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, 100mt. St., Near Baz Interaction, Erbil 44001, KRG, Iraq
| | - Jam Nazeer Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Hameed
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustufa
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Samina Tanwir
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Md Sani AN, Mohd Adzahan N, Ismail-Fitry MR. Valorization of malaysian tropical fruit seeds: A review of their nutrition, bioactivity, processing and food application. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kader A, Sinha SN, Ghosh P. Clonal fidelity investigation of micropropagated hardened plants of jackfruit tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) with RAPD markers. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:145. [PMID: 36264523 PMCID: PMC9583975 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Artocarpus heterophyllus is an important tropical agroforestry species that bears multiple applications. However, the population of this species is reduced due to various anthropogenic activities. For this reason, in vitro approach is needed to propagate or conserve this species as in vivo propagation methods face various obstacles. In this respect, the present investigation was undertaken to produce genetically stable jackfruit trees through in vitro technology. In vivo grew shoot tips were harvested on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing several plant growth regulators to achieve this. Results The 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at the concentration of 1.5 mg L-1, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 0.5 mg L-1, and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0.1 mg L-1 in combination on MS media yielded superior shoot response (94.44%), longest shoot length (4.02 cm), and the maximum number of shoots per explant (4.78). They were further multiplied by repeated subculturing on the same media composition and the third subculture resulted in a maximum number of shoots (5.92) with the largest shoot length (5.85 cm). Among the different media screened for rooting, the ¼ MS media yielded 94.44% rooting response, the longest root length (3.78 cm), and the maximum number of roots per shoot (8.44) with 0.1 mg L-1 NAA, 0.5 mg L-1 IBA and 0.1 mg L-1 BAP in combination. Primary hardening showed 88.89% of plant survival under greenhouse conditions after 4 weeks of incubation having a sterilized mixture of garden soil and vermiculite mixture (1:1, w/w). It increased to 90.60% after the secondary hardening process in a vermiculite-soil mixture (2:1; w/w). No polymorphism was detected on random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiling between the mother plant and hardened plants, indicating high genetic stability among the clones. Conclusions This is the first report of the genetic fidelity study of in vitro grown regenerants of A. heterophyllus. This study established a micropropagation protocol for genetically uniform in vitro regeneration of this species to supply plant resources to various industries or conservation of elite germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Kader
- Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
| | | | - Parthadeb Ghosh
- Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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Ghazal F, Farooq S, Wahab AT, Maharjan R, Zafar H, Siddiqui H, Shafi S, Choudhary MI. Identification of quinoline derivatives as growth inhibitors of MDR pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:843-859. [PMID: 35796056 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study was aimed to identify compounds with significant inhibitory potential against multidrug-resistant (MDR), multidrug-sensitive, and clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Materials & methods: Antibacterial activity of the nitroquinoline derivatives was assessed by micro-plate Alamar Blue assay. Results: Nitroquinoline derivatives 9, 11 and 14 showed inhibitory activity against MDR K. pneumoniae. Docking studies of these compounds with topoisomerase IV of K. pneumonia indicated the interactions of these compounds at the active site residues of enzyme near to cofactor (Mg+2). Furthermore, compound 11 was identified as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer. None of the compounds showed hemolytic effect. Conclusion: This study was designed to identify compounds active against MDR K. pneumoniae which causes infections, such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzeen Ghazal
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saba Farooq
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Atia-Tul Wahab
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rukesh Maharjan
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Zafar
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hina Siddiqui
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sara Shafi
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - M I Choudhary
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.,Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Prabhakar P, Pavankumar GS, Raghu SV, Rao S, Prasad K, George T, Baliga MS. Utility of Indian fruits in cancer prevention and treatment: Time to undertake translational and bedside studies. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1543-1560. [PMID: 35652402 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220601151931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization predicts a 70% increase in cancer incidents in developing nations over the next decade, and it will be the second leading cause of death worldwide. Traditional plant-based medicine systems play an important role against various diseases and provide health care to a large section of the population in developing countries. Indigenous fruits and their bioactive compounds with beneficial effects like antioxidant, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory are shown to be useful in preventing the incidence of cancer. India is one of the biodiversity regions and is native to numerous flora and fauna in the world. Of the many fruiting trees indigenous to India, Mango (Mangifera indica), Black plum (Eugenia jambolana or Syzygium jambolana), Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis or Phyllanthus emblica), kokum (Garcinia indica or Brindonia indica), stone apple or bael (Aegle marmelos), Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Karaunda (Carissa carandas) and Phalsa (Grewia asiatica), Monkey Jackfruit (Artocarpus lakoocha) and Elephant apple (Dillenia indica) have been shown to be beneficial in preventing cancer and in the treatment of cancer in validated preclinical models of study. In this review, efforts are also made to collate the fruits' anticancer effects and the important phytochemicals. Efforts are also made at emphasizing the underlying mechanism/s responsible for the beneficial effects in cancer prevention and treatment. These fruits have been a part of the diet, are non-toxic, and easily acceptable for human application. The plants and some of their phytochemicals possess diverse medicinal properties. The authors propose that future studies should be directed at detailed studies with various preclinical models of study with both composite fruit extract/juice and the individual phytochemicals. Additionally, translational studies should be planned with the highly beneficial, well-investigated and pharmacologically multifactorial amla to understand its usefulness as a cancer preventive in the high-risk population and as a supportive agent in cancer survivors. The outcome of both preclinical and clinical studies will be useful for patients, the healthcare fraternity, pharmaceutical, and agro-based sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Prabhakar
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Sheikhpura, Patna, Bihar, 800014, India
| | - Giriyapura Srikantachar Pavankumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, India.,Sri Lakshmi Group of Institution, Magadi Main Road, Sunkadakatte, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Konaje, Karnataka India
| | - Suresh Rao
- Radiation Oncology, c Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Prasad
- Medical Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Thomas George
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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da Silva Felix RC, Barbosa TN, Marques HP, de Oliveira Rebouças CK, da Silveira Pereira JC, Batista JIL, de Paiva Soares KM, da Silva MDC, Bezerra ACDS. In vitro nematocidal activity of Punica granatum L. against gastrointestinal helminths in goats. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:236-242. [PMID: 35299932 PMCID: PMC8901839 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro ovicidal activity, phytochemistry, and toxicity of a saline extract obtained from peel of Punica granatum L fruits. The ovicidal activity was evaluated by the hatching inhibition of eggs recovered from fecal samples of naturally infected goats; the phytochemical analysis was carried out using the fruit peel; and the toxicity was tested on Artemia salina, using saline extract. The results showed that the ovicidal effect of the tested extract was 99% (25 mg mL-1), 99% (12.5 mg mL-1), 98% (6.25 mg mL-1), and 95% (3.12 mg mL-1), higher than that of the control drug, thiabendazole (83%). The phytochemical analysis showed presence of phenols, anthraquinones, and condensed and hydrolysable tannins in the fruit extract. The toxicity test of the extract of P. granatum showed an LC50 of 6.19 mg mL-1, which indicates a safe use for a concentration of 3.12 mg mL-1, since it was the tested concentration that was below the reliable LC50. The saline extract from peels of P. granatum has ovicidal activity, important secondary metabolites, and absence of toxicity at the lowest concentration tested. However, in vivo tests in experimental models are recommended before performing experiments in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Cristinne da Silva Felix
- grid.412393.e0000 0004 0644 0007Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente, Tecnologia e Sociedade, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
| | - Tallyson Nogueira Barbosa
- grid.412393.e0000 0004 0644 0007Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
| | | | | | | | - João Inácio Lopes Batista
- grid.412393.e0000 0004 0644 0007Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
| | - Karoline Mikaelle de Paiva Soares
- grid.412393.e0000 0004 0644 0007Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
| | - Michele Dalvina Correia da Silva
- grid.412393.e0000 0004 0644 0007Laboratório de Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
| | - Ana Carla Diógenes Suassuna Bezerra
- grid.412393.e0000 0004 0644 0007Laboratório de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Doenças Infecto-Parasitárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
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Gupta A, Marquess AR, Pandey AK, Bishayee A. Jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) in health and disease: a critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6344-6378. [PMID: 35144492 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2031094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Family Moraceae), is a tropical tree, native to India and common in Asia, Africa, and several regions in South America. The fruit is commonly known as jackfruit which is one of the largest edible fruits in the world. Jackfruits comprises a wide range of nutrients, including minerals, carbohydrates, volatile compounds, proteins, and vitamins. The fruit, bark, leaves, and roots are endowed with therapeutic attributes and are utilized in the many traditional medicinal systems for the management of various ailments. Fruit and seeds are commonly used to prepare various food items, including sauce, ice creams, jams, jellies, and marmalades. Due to unique texture, jackfruit is becoming a popular meat substitute. Based on preclinical studies, jackfruit exhibits antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-melanin, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral, anthelmintic, wound-healing, and antineoplastic activities. Clinical studies reveal that the leaves possess antidiabetic action in healthy and insulin-independent diabetic individuals. Despite numerous health benefits, regrettably, jackfruit has not been properly utilized in a marketable scale in areas where it is produced. This review delivers an updated, comprehensive, and critical evaluation on the nutritional value, phytochemical profiling, pharmacological attributes and underlying mechanisms of action to explore the full potential of jackfruit in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alexis R Marquess
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Abhay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
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Clemen-Pascual LM, Macahig RAS, Rojas NRL. Comparative toxicity, phytochemistry, and use of 53 Philippine medicinal plants. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:22-35. [PMID: 34976744 PMCID: PMC8685920 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study compares the toxicity of 53 selected medicinal plants commonly used in the Philippines to treat various diseases. It uses as a benchmark Vitex negundo L., which was approved by the Philippine Food and Drug Administration as an herbal drug for cough and asthma after passing clinical trials for safety and efficacy. The methods were chosen for their simplicity and accessibility even for resource-limited laboratories. Extracts (95 % ethanol) of the medicinal parts of the plants were (1) chemically profiled using qualitative phytochemical tests that detect the presence of key classes of bioactive compounds; and (2) evaluated for toxicity using the brine shrimp (Artemia sp.) lethality assay (BSLA). General phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins in 50 plant extracts, alkaloids in 43, glycosides in 33, flavonoids in 31, steroids in 21, triterpenoids in 20, anthraquinones in 10, and saponins in 8. Extracts from eight plants had LC50 values lower than the potassium dichromate control (approximately 12 μg/mL) and were considered highly toxic; extracts from 21 plants had LC50 values between 12 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL and were considered moderately toxic; extracts from 19 plant extracts, including Vitex negundo and some common vegetables, had LC50 values between 100 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL, and were considered mildly toxic and likely to have reasonable safety margins; five plant extracts, including common vegetables, had LC50 values above 500 μg/mL and were considered essentially nontoxic. No apparent correlation could be found between toxicity and chemical diversity or a specific class of phytochemicals present. Our findings may serve as a guide for herbal drug and nutraceutical development, especially in prioritizing plants for more detailed safety studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia M Clemen-Pascual
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines.,Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Southern Mindanao, North Cotabato, 9407, Philippines
| | - Rene Angelo S Macahig
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
| | - Nina Rosario L Rojas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
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Tramontin D, Cadena-Carrera SE, Assreuy J, Nunes R, Santin JR, Bolzan A, Quadri M. Response surface methodology (RSM) to evaluate both the extraction of triterpenes and sterols from jackfruit seed with supercritical CO 2 and the biological activity of the extracts. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:3303-3313. [PMID: 34366448 PMCID: PMC8292543 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Jackfruit seeds are an underestimate residue having important biological activity such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial effects. However few researches have been done for this material using alternative extraction technologies, so this study aimed to evaluate the extraction of triterpenes and sterols from jackfruit seed by applying high- and low-pressure techniques. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the best conditions of pressure, temperature and CO2 flow rate for extraction with supercritical CO2. The yield and profile of these compounds were compared with the low pressure technique, which was considered as a reference. In vitro biological tests of anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity in L929 and RAW 264.7 cells were also performed. The best extraction conditions in SFE for sterols were 40 °C/20 MPa/4 mL min-1 (0.832 ± 0.007 mgSR g-1 sample) and 40 °C/20 MPa/3 mL min-1 (0.800 ± 0.009 mgSR g-1 sample), for triterpenes were 50 °C/12 MPa/4 mL min-1 (1.501 ± 0.004 mgTT g-1 sample) and 45 °C/9.3 MPa/3.5 mL min-1 (1.485 ± 0.004 mgTT g-1 sample). No cytotoxic activity was detected in L929 cells in the extracts obtained from ethanol up to concentration of 100 μg mL-1 of extract. The Pearson's coefficient indicated that the reduction in cell viability was related to the concentration of triterpenes. Anti-inflammatory assays showed that some extracts could inhibit the inflammatory action induced in RAW 264.7 cells at concentration of 30 μg mL-1 of extract. Our results justify the further exploration of these characteristics to obtain natural products for the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deise Tramontin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Santiago Esmiro Cadena-Carrera
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
- Yurakuna Food Research Centre, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jamil Assreuy
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Roberta Nunes
- Postgraduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Vale Do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC 88302-202 Brazil
| | - José Roberto Santin
- Postgraduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Vale Do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC 88302-202 Brazil
| | - Ariovaldo Bolzan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Marintho Quadri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
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Chemical Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Cancer Effects of Italian Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. Methanol Leaves Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090826. [PMID: 32899385 PMCID: PMC7556042 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated and compared the chemical composition, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects of four methanol extracts (R1–R4), of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. in two different sites of Southern Italy obtained by maceration or ultrasound-assisted extraction. Extracts of S. rosmarinus collected on the Ionian coast are indicated with the abbreviations R1 (maceration) and R2 (ultrasound-assisted extraction). Extracts of S. rosmarinus collected on the Tyrrhenian coast are indicated with the abbreviations R3 (maceration) and R4 (ultrasound-assisted extraction). The chemical composition was analyzed using High Pressure liquid chromatography–Diod-Array detection–Electrospray ionization–Quadrupole–Mass Spectroscopy (HPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-MS). The antioxidant activity was analyzed by 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching, and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. Antioxidant features were also assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW-264.7 murine macrophages, evaluating Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production; in the same experimental model, the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was investigated. Interestingly, all extracts displayed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. They exhibited significative nitrite production inhibitory activity, whith IC50 values ranging from 3.46 to 5.53 µg/mL, without impairing cell viability. The anti-inflammatory activity was also investigated by Western Blotting and immunofluorescence assay, highlighting the R3 and R4 extracts ability to reduce NF-κB translocation, as well as to disrupt the MAPKs signaling pathway. Extracts exhibited both potential anti-proliferative activity on breast cancer cells, inducing apoptosis, without affecting non-tumorigenic cells, and the ability to inhibit MDA-MB-231 cells’ motility. Finally, the rosemary extracts treatment significantly reduced the power of conditioned media, from MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells to induce nitrite production on RAW 264.7 cells, confirming their promising anti-inflammatory activity.
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Mahdi S, Azzi R, Lahfa FB. Evaluation of in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential and hemolytic effect of phenolic enriched fractions of the aerial part of Salvia officinalis L. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:689-694. [PMID: 32442919 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities is one of the major practical strategies for the control of postprandial hyperglycemia. Salvia officinalis L. is known by its various bioactive compounds and its effective therapeutic properties towards illnesses including diabetes. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory effect of S. officinalis on key digestive enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and to identify its hemolytic effect. METHODS Hydro-methanol decoction extract and fractions of ethyl acetate and n-butanol were investigated for their in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, compared to acarbose as a standard. Furthermore, they were evaluated for their hemolytic effect. RESULTS Phytochemical composition demonstrated the richness of S. officinalis in secondary metabolites. Extract and fractions inhibited the activity of both enzymes. They showed weak hemolytic activity. Quantitative estimation of total phenolic and flavonoids revealed that ethyl acetate fraction contained the highest amount of these compounds (450.51 ± 0.6 μg GAE/mg DE and 352.01 ± 0.78 μg CE/mg of DE, respectively). It showed the best antidiabetic activity tested both by α-amylase and α-glucosidase assays (IC50 = 46.52 ± 2.68 and 104.58 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively). Moreover, this fraction showed the least hemolytic effect (11.58 ± 0.1%). CONCLUSIONS S. officinalis extract and fractions are promising sources of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad Mahdi
- Laboratoire Antibiotiques Antifongiques: Physico-chimie, Synthèse et Activité Biologique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la Terre et de l'univers, Université de Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Rachid Azzi
- Laboratoire Antibiotiques Antifongiques: Physico-chimie, Synthèse et Activité Biologique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la Terre et de l'univers, Université de Tlemcen, Algeria.
| | - Farid Boucif Lahfa
- Laboratoire Antibiotiques Antifongiques: Physico-chimie, Synthèse et Activité Biologique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la Terre et de l'univers, Université de Tlemcen, Algeria
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Heavy metal determination and aquatic toxicity evaluation of textile dyes and effluents using Artemia salina. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Anderson CC, Khatri M, Roede JR. Time-dependent simvastatin administration enhances doxorubicin toxicity in neuroblastoma. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:520-528. [PMID: 32368502 PMCID: PMC7184108 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins have a primary indication for the reduction and management of hypercholesterolemia; however, evidence shows that statins have the ability to increase the toxicity of chemotherapeutics within cancer cells by inducing anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects. More recently, lipophilic statins have shown complex interaction with energy metabolism, specifically acute mitochondrial dysfunction and delayed inhibition of glycolysis. With the goal to demonstrate that statin-mediated enhancement of chemotherapeutics is time-dependent, we hypothesized that the lipophilic statin simvastatin, in conjunction with variable co-exposure of doxorubicin or cisplatin, will enhance the toxicity of these drugs in neuroblastoma. Utilizing human SK-N-AS neuroblastoma cells, we assessed cell proliferation, necrosis, caspase activation, and overall apoptosis of these cells. After determining the toxicity of simvastatin at 48 h post-treatment, 10μM was chosen as the intervention concentration. We found that significant cell death resulted from 1.0μM dose of doxorubicin with 24 h pre-treatment of simvastatin. On the other hand, simvastatin enhancement of cisplatin toxicity was only observed in the co-exposure model. As doxorubicin has strict dosage limits due to its primary off-target toxicity in cardiac muscle, we further compared the effects of this drug combination on rat H9C2 cardiomyoblasts. We found that simvastatin did not enhance doxorubicin toxicity in this cell line. We conclude that simvastatin provides time-dependent sensitization of neuroblastoma cells to doxorubicin toxicity, and our results provide strong argument for the consideration of simvastatin as an adjuvant in doxorubicin-based chemotherapy programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin C Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Meera Khatri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - James R Roede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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Dwitiyanti D, Rachmania RA, Efendi K, Septiani R, Jihadudin P. In Vivo Activities and In Silico Study of Jackfruit Seeds ( Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) on the Reduction of Blood Sugar Levels of Gestational Diabetes Rate Induced by Streptozotocin. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:3819-3826. [PMID: 32127984 PMCID: PMC7048328 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Jackfruit Seeds (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) are plants that are thought to be able to reduce blood sugar levels. AIM: The purpose of this study was to prove the activity of jackfruit seeds in reducing blood glucose levels in gestational diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin and in silico study virtual screening through molecular docking to find out the compounds in jackfruit seeds that have interaction with sulfonylurea receptors. METHODS: The animals used in this study were Sprague Dawley strain pregnant female rats which were divided into six groups, namely the normal control group, negative control, positive control, various dose groups (100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW). After the rat was pregnant, the rats were induced first with streptozotocin so that the rats had hyperglycemia. Blood glucose levels were measured on the 14th day after treatment. The data obtained were statistically tested by one-way ANOVA test followed by the HSD Tukey test. Virtual screening was done using PLANTS 1.2 software. RESULTS: The results showed that all groups of ethanol extract 70% of jackfruit seeds could reduce blood glucose levels. The biggest decrease in blood glucose levels occurred at dose 3 with a dose of 400 mg/kg BW which was 61.73%, comparable to positive control glibenclamide. The results of virtual screening with molecular docking showed that betacarotene epoxide compounds have better affinity than glibenclamide as a comparative compound. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that jackfruit seeds beta-carotene epoxide has the potential to reduce blood sugar levels by inducing insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwitiyanti Dwitiyanti
- Faculty Pharmacy and Science, Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka University (UHAMKA), Islamic Center, Jl. Delima II/IV Perumnas Klender, East Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rizky Arcinthya Rachmania
- Faculty Pharmacy and Science, Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka University (UHAMKA), Islamic Center, Jl. Delima II/IV Perumnas Klender, East Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kriana Efendi
- Faculty Pharmacy and Science, Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka University (UHAMKA), Islamic Center, Jl. Delima II/IV Perumnas Klender, East Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Riri Septiani
- Faculty Pharmacy and Science, Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka University (UHAMKA), Islamic Center, Jl. Delima II/IV Perumnas Klender, East Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Pahlevi Jihadudin
- Faculty Pharmacy and Science, Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka University (UHAMKA), Islamic Center, Jl. Delima II/IV Perumnas Klender, East Jakarta, Indonesia
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