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Khurana N, Sharma SB. Modulation of glucose metabolism-related genes in diabetic rats treated with herbal synthetic anti-diabetic compound (α-HSA): insights from transcriptomic profiling. J Complement Integr Med 2023; 20:721-728. [PMID: 37401762 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Eugenia jambolana is a medicinal plant traditionally used for treating diabetes. The bioactive compound FIIc, which is derived from the fruit pulp of E. jambolana, has been identified and purified as α-HSA. Previous studies have demonstrated that administration of α-HSA for 6 weeks improved glycemic index and dyslipidemia in rats with T2D. This study investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the potential therapeutic effects of α-HSA in experimentally induced diabetic rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: diabetic control, diabetic treated with FIIc, diabetic treated with α-HSA, and diabetic treated with glibenclamide. Over a 6-week experimental period, transcriptomic analysis was conducted on liver, skeletal, and pancreatic tissue samples collected from the rats. RESULTS The study findings revealed significant upregulation of genes associated with glucose metabolism and insulin signaling in the groups treated with FIIc and α-HSA, compared to the diabetic control group. Moreover, pro-inflammatory genes were downregulated in these treatment groups. These results indicate that α-HSA has the potential to modulate key metabolic pathways, improve glucose homeostasis, enhance insulin sensitivity, and alleviate inflammation. CONCLUSIONS This study provides compelling scientific evidence supporting the potential of α-HSA as a therapeutic agent for diabetes treatment. The observed upregulation of genes related to glucose metabolism and insulin signaling, along with the downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes, aligns with the pharmacological activity of α-HSA in controlling glucose homeostasis and improving insulin sensitivity. These findings suggest that α-HSA holds promise as a novel therapeutic approach for managing diabetes and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Khurana
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
| | - Suman Bala Sharma
- Departmen of Biochemistry, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Singh S, Koli P, Bhadoria BK, Agarwal M, Lata S, Ren Y, Du X. Proanthocyanidins Modulate Rumen Enzyme Activities and Protein Utilization In Vitro. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185870. [PMID: 36144604 PMCID: PMC9505871 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the principal leaf protein (rubisco) solubilization and in vitro ruminal enzyme activity in relation to the molecular structure of proanthocyanidins extracted from leaves of Anogeissus pendula and Eugenia jambolana. Six proanthocyanidin fractions were extracted by 50% (v/v) methanol−water followed by 70% (v/v) acetone−water and then distilled water from leaves of A. pendula (AP) and E. jambolana (EJ) to yield EJ−70, EJ−50, EJ−DW, AP−70, AP−50 and AP−DW. Fractions were examined for their molecular structure and their effects on sheep ruminal enzymes and solubilization of rubisco in vitro. All fractions significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the activity of ruminal glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. The fractions AP−50 and EJ−50 significantly inhibited the activity of the R-cellulase enzyme. Most of the fractions inhibited R-glutamate dehydrogenase activity (p < 0.05) by increasing its concentration, while protease activity decreased by up to 58% with increasing incubation time and concentration. The solubilization of rubisco was observed to be comparatively higher in A. pendula (16.60 ± 1.97%) and E. jambolana (15.03 ± 1.06%) than that of wheat straw (8.95 ± 0.95%) and berseem hay (3.04 ± 0.08%). A significant (p < 0.05) increase in protein solubilization was observed when wheat straw and berseem hay were supplemented with A. pendula and E. jambolana leaves at different proportions. The efficiency of microbial protein was significantly (p < 0.05) greater with the supplementation of leaves of A. pendula in comparison to E. jambolana. The overall conclusion is that the proanthocyanidins obtained from E. jambolana exhibited greater inhibitory activities on rumen enzymes, whereas A. pendula recorded higher protein solubilization. Thus, PAs from A. pendula and E. jambolana appear to have the potential to manipulate rumen enzyme activities for efficient utilization of protein and fiber in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Singh
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, India
| | - Pushpendra Koli
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, India
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (X.D.)
| | | | - Manjree Agarwal
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Scientific Service Division, ChemCentre, Cnr Manning Road and Townsing Drive, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Suman Lata
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, India
| | - Yonglin Ren
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Xin Du
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (X.D.)
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Prabhakar P, Pavankumar GS, Raghu SV, Rao S, Prasad K, George T, Baliga MS. Utility of Indian fruits in cancer prevention and treatment: Time to undertake translational and bedside studies. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1543-1560. [PMID: 35652402 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220601151931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization predicts a 70% increase in cancer incidents in developing nations over the next decade, and it will be the second leading cause of death worldwide. Traditional plant-based medicine systems play an important role against various diseases and provide health care to a large section of the population in developing countries. Indigenous fruits and their bioactive compounds with beneficial effects like antioxidant, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory are shown to be useful in preventing the incidence of cancer. India is one of the biodiversity regions and is native to numerous flora and fauna in the world. Of the many fruiting trees indigenous to India, Mango (Mangifera indica), Black plum (Eugenia jambolana or Syzygium jambolana), Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis or Phyllanthus emblica), kokum (Garcinia indica or Brindonia indica), stone apple or bael (Aegle marmelos), Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Karaunda (Carissa carandas) and Phalsa (Grewia asiatica), Monkey Jackfruit (Artocarpus lakoocha) and Elephant apple (Dillenia indica) have been shown to be beneficial in preventing cancer and in the treatment of cancer in validated preclinical models of study. In this review, efforts are also made to collate the fruits' anticancer effects and the important phytochemicals. Efforts are also made at emphasizing the underlying mechanism/s responsible for the beneficial effects in cancer prevention and treatment. These fruits have been a part of the diet, are non-toxic, and easily acceptable for human application. The plants and some of their phytochemicals possess diverse medicinal properties. The authors propose that future studies should be directed at detailed studies with various preclinical models of study with both composite fruit extract/juice and the individual phytochemicals. Additionally, translational studies should be planned with the highly beneficial, well-investigated and pharmacologically multifactorial amla to understand its usefulness as a cancer preventive in the high-risk population and as a supportive agent in cancer survivors. The outcome of both preclinical and clinical studies will be useful for patients, the healthcare fraternity, pharmaceutical, and agro-based sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Prabhakar
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Sheikhpura, Patna, Bihar, 800014, India
| | - Giriyapura Srikantachar Pavankumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, India.,Sri Lakshmi Group of Institution, Magadi Main Road, Sunkadakatte, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Konaje, Karnataka India
| | - Suresh Rao
- Radiation Oncology, c Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Prasad
- Medical Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Thomas George
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Aksoy N, Sen E, Sukmasari S, Özakpınar ÖB, Arıcıoğlu F, Yücel YY, Dumlu MR, Doolaanea AA, AbdulRahman MN, Olgac V, Bozkan P, Ozen B. Investigation of the protective effect of gel incorporating Eugenia jambolana leaf extract on 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis: an animal study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2153-2162. [PMID: 35622166 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to evaluate the possible preventive effect of two concentrations (3 and 5% w/w) of Eugenia jambolana (EJ) extract against 5-FU-induced mucositis. METHOD Sixteen adult rats were separated into four groups: two control and two preventive groups. Animals in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were injected intraperitoneally with 60 mg/kg/day of 5-FU on Day 1 followed by 150 mg/kg/day on Day 5. The rats in Group 4 (negative control) were given physiological saline at the same times and doses. Furthermore, on the fifth day of the study, the cheek and sublingual mucosa were irritated by external superficial scratches using the tip of an 18-G needle, followed by the application 15 µL of 20% acetic acid, after which 3 and 5% EJ w/w gels were applied topically for animals in Groups 2 and 3, respectively. RESULTS The weight and the mucositis scores were recorded. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory markers and biochemical tests were analyzed. Significant differences were found between the study groups in weight loss, clinical mucositis scores, mortality rates, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory parameters. CONCLUSION The preventive effect of 3% gel was significant, with no mortality rate, making it an option for preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Aksoy
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Altınbaş University, Zuhuratbaba, Incirli Cd. No:11-A, 34147, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Emine Sen
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Susi Sukmasari
- Pediatric Dentistry Department and Dental Public Health Department, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Feyze Arıcıoğlu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Yücel Yücel
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Rıdvan Dumlu
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abd Almonem Doolaanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Vakur Olgac
- Institute of Oncology, Department of Tumor Pathology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pırıl Bozkan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bugra Ozen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kudva AK, Raghu SV, Rao S, Venkatesh P, Hegde SK, D'souza RK, Baliga-Rao MP, Simon P, Baliga M. Indian Indigenous Fruits as Radioprotective Agents: Past, Present and Future. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:53-63. [PMID: 34229590 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210706124315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ionising radiation has been an important modality in cancer treatment and its value is immense when surgical intervention is risky or might debilitate/adversely affect the patient. However, the beneficial effect of radiation modality is negated by the damage to the adjacent healthy tissue in the field of radiation. Under these situations, the use of radioprotective compounds that can selectively protect normal tissues against radiation injury is considered very useful. However, research spanning over half a century has shown that there are no ideal radioprotectors available. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) approved amifostine or WR-2721 (Walter Reed-2721) [chemically S-2-(3-aminopropyl-amino) ethyl phosphorothioic acid] is toxic at their optimal concentrations. This has necessitated the need for agents that are safe and easily acceptable to humans. BACKGROUND Dietary agents with beneficial effects like free radical scavenging, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects are recognized as applicable and have been investigated for their radioprotective properties. Studies in these lines have shown that the fruits of Aegle marmelos (stone apple or bael), Emblica officinalis or Phyllanthus emblica(Indian gooseberry/amla), Eugenia jambolana or Syzygium jambolana (black plum / jamun), Mangifera indica (mango) and Grewia asiatica (phalsa or falsa) that are originally reported to be indigenous to India have been investigated for their usefulness as a radioprotective agent. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to summarize beneficial effects of the Indian indigenous fruits stone apple, mango, Indian gooseberry, black plum, and phalsa in mitigating radiation-induced side effects, emphasize the underlying mechanism of action for the beneficial effects and address aspects that merit detail investigations for these fruits to move towards clinical application in the near future. METHODS The authors data mined in Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for publications in the field from 1981 up to July 2020. The focus was on the radioprotection and the mechanism responsible for the beneficial effects, and accordingly, the articles were collated and analyzed. RESULTS This article emphasizes the usefulness of stone apple, mango, Indian gooseberry, black plum, and phalsa as radioprotective agents. From a mechanistic view, reports are suggestive that the beneficial effects are mediated by triggering free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic and anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION For the first time, this review addresses the beneficial effects of mango, Indian gooseberry, black plum, stone apple and phalsa as radioprotective agents. The authors suggest that future studies should be directed at understanding the selective radioprotective effects with tumor-bearing laboratory animals to understand their usefulness as radioprotective drug/s during radiotherapy and as a food supplement to protect people getting exposed to low doses of radiation in occupational settings. Phase I clinical trial studies are also required to ascertain the optimal dose and the schedule to be followed with the standardized extract of these fruits. The most important aspect is that these fruits are a part of the diet, have been consumed since the beginning of mankind, are non-toxic, possess diverse medicinal properties, have easy acceptability all of which will help take research forward and be of benefit to patients, occupational workers, agribased sectors and pharma industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Neurogenetics Lab, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Rao
- Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ponemone Venkatesh
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanath Kumar Hegde
- Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Paul Simon
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjeshwar Baliga
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Sobral-Souza CE, Silva ARP, Leite NF, Rocha JE, Sousa AK, Costa JGM, Menezes IRA, Cunha FAB, Rolim LA, Coutinho HDM. Phytotoxicity reduction of the mercury chloride effect by natural products from Eugenia jambolana Lam.: A new strategy against the toxic metal pollution. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 170:461-467. [PMID: 30553924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant, metal chelating and cytoprotective activity of the Eugenia jambolana Lam. extract, as well as of its flavonoid and tannic fractions, against the action of Mercury Chloride (HgCl2). Flavonoids were quantified and an LC-MS chromatographic analysis was performed to identify secondary metabolites. Fe2+ and Fe3+ chelation tests and antioxidant activity were carried out using the FRAP method. Microbiological tests were performed by microdilution to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). From these results the Minimum Bactericidal (MBC) and Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC) were evaluated. The allelopathy and cytoprotection assays were performed using eukaryotic and prokaryotic models. The results revealed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids in the E. jambolana extract and fractions. The sub-allelopathic concentration (64 μg/mL) was used and the results demonstrated the E. jambolana potential cytoprotective effect against mercury chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestina E Sobral-Souza
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana R P Silva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Nadghia F Leite
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Janaina E Rocha
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Amanda K Sousa
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - José G M Costa
- Laboratório de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Irwin R A Menezes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Química Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco A B Cunha
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Larissa A Rolim
- Central de Análises de Fármacos, Medicamentos e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil.
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Vora A, Varghese A, Kachwala Y, Bhaskar M, Laddha A, Jamal A, Yadav P. Eugenia jambolana extract reduces the systemic exposure of Sitagliptin and improves conditions associated with diabetes: A pharmacokinetic and a pharmacodynamic herb-drug interaction study. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:364-371. [PMID: 31453133 PMCID: PMC6702134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eugenia jambolana (EJ) is an Indian traditional herb widely used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This herb is globally marketed as single or multi herb formulations. Many diabetes patients consume EJ extract oral hypoglycemic drugs together. This calls for a need to assess risks versus benefit of this co-administration. In present investigation, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of aqueous extract of EJ seeds at the dose of 400 mg/kg are studied with 10 mg/kg of oral hypoglycaemic drug sitagliptin (SITA) by co-administrating them for 28 days in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters of SITA were determined using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and it was found that the combination treatment reduces the systemic exposure of SITA by showing 38.70% reduction in concentration maximum (Cmax) and 22.40% reduction in area under curve (AUC). Despite low levels of SITA, the combination demonstrated a significant reduction in blood glucose level when compared with individual drug and individual extract administered groups during pharmacodynamic study. In addition, the liver function, the kidney function and the lipid parameters were found to be significantly improved and beneficial effects were found with respect to food intake and water intake and urine output in case of combination treatment groups when compared with individual treatment groups. Histopathological examination of pancreatic tissue suggests its significant recovery of having normal acinus with better cell protection in combination treatment. In conclusion, the combination treatment demonstrated reduced systemic exposure of SITA without compromising on its antihyperglycemic activity and improvement in conditions associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vora
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, India
| | - A Varghese
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, India
| | - Y Kachwala
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, India
| | - M Bhaskar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, India
| | - A Laddha
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, India
| | - A Jamal
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India, India
| | - P Yadav
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India, India
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Liu F, Liu C, Liu W, Ding Z, Ma H, Seeram NP, Xu L, Mu Y, Huang X, Li L. New Sesquiterpenoids from Eugenia jambolana Seeds and Their Anti-microbial Activities. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:10214-10222. [PMID: 29140690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Twenty four sesquiterpenoids, 1-24, including 11 new sesquiterpenoids, jambolanins A-K, and two new norsesquiterpenoids, jambolanes A and B, along with six known triterpenoids, were isolated from the seeds of Eugenia jambolana fruit. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and MS spectrometry data analysis. Among the isolates, compound 13 possessed a rare 6,7-seco-guaiene skeleton, and compounds 14 and 15 were norsesquiterpenoids containing a spiro[4.4]nonane skeleton. Antimicrobial assay evaluation revealed that sesquiterpenoids, 4, 5/6, 17, 19, 21, 23, and 24 inhibited the growth of the Gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus. The current study advances scientific knowledge of E. jambolana phytochemicals and suggests that its sesquiterpenoids may contribute, in part, to the anti-infective effects attributed to the edible fruit of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Liu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengbin Liu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanjun Ding
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Ma
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Li Xu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Mu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshi Huang
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Liya Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
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Pereira NLF, Aquino PEA, Júnior JGAS, Cristo JS, Vieira Filho MA, Moura FF, Ferreira NMN, Silva MKN, Nascimento EM, Correia FMA, Cunha FAB, Boligon AA, Coutinho HDM, Ribeiro-Filho J, Matias EFF, Guedes MIF. Antibacterial activity and antibiotic modulating potential of the essential oil obtained from Eugenia jambolana in association with led lights. J Photochem Photobiol B 2017; 174:144-149. [PMID: 28778018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance has risen as an important health problem with impact on the pharmaceutical industry because many antibiotics have become ineffective, which has affected their commercialization. The Brazilian biodiversity is marked by a vast variety of natural products with significant therapeutic potential, which could bring new perspectives in the treatment of infections caused by resistant microorganisms. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the essential oil obtained from Eugenia jambolana (EjEO) using the method of microdilution method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The modulatory effect of this oil on antibiotic activity was determined using both the broth microdilution and gaseous contact methods. The antibacterial effect of the association of the gaseous contact and the use of a LED unit with red and blue lights was also determined. The chemical components of the EjEO were characterized by HPLC, which revealed the presence of α-pinene as a major constituent. The EjEO presented a MIC≥128μg/mL against S. aureus and ≥1024μg/mL against E. coli. The combination of the EjEO with antibiotics presented synergism against E. coli and antagonism against S. aureus. An antagonistic effect was obtained from the association of EjEO with amikacin and erythromycin by the method of gaseous contact. On the other hand, the association of EjEO with ciprofloxacin presented a synergistic effect against S. aureus and E. coli exposed to LED lights. A similar effect was observed in the association of the EjEO with norfloxacin presented synergism against S. aureus in the same conditions. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the essential oil obtained from Eugenia jambolana interfere with the action of antibiotics against bacteria exposed to LED lights. Thus, further researches are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects, which could open new perspectives in the development of new antibacterial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara L F Pereira
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Pedro E A Aquino
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Flávio F Moura
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Maria K N Silva
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Eloiza M Nascimento
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Fabrina M A Correia
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Aline A Boligon
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jaime Ribeiro-Filho
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Edinardo F F Matias
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
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Zhao M, Araújo MM, Dal S, Sigrist S, Bergaentzlé M, Ramanitrahasimbola D, Andrianjara C, Marchioni E. Development and validation of a selective and effective pressurized liquid extraction followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the determination of fructosazine analogues in the ammonia treated extract of Eugenia jambolana Lamarck seeds. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1473:66-75. [PMID: 27771103 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a selective and effective pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) coupled with HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS method for the identification and quantification of three fructosazine analogues (FZAs), fructosazine, 2,6- and 2,5-deoxyfructosazine in Madeglucyl® (MG) which is an ammonia treated extract of Eugenia jambolana Lamarck seeds, and is the world's first anti-diabetic phytodrug. FZAs were extracted from MG by PLE using methanol as extraction solvent. The PLE extract was then analyzed directly by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS without cleanup step. Chromatographic separation of these highly related structures was achieved on a porous graphic carbon (PGC) column. The identification of the target FZAs was confirmed by the similar retention time, similar UV and MS spectra to the corresponding pure standards. The quantification was performed by using an electrospray positive ionization mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The PLE procedure was optimized and overall method was validated in terms of sensitivity, linearity, selectivity and matrix effect, precision, accuracy and recovery, and stability of the target FZAs in the aqueous solution and in the PLE extracts solution of MG. The developed method was proved to be selective, sensitive, precise, accurate for the quantification of FZAs in MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Zhao
- Chimie Analytique des Molécules Bioactives, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (UMR 7178 CNRS/UDS), 74 route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Michel Mozeika Araújo
- Chimie Analytique des Molécules Bioactives, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (UMR 7178 CNRS/UDS), 74 route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Stéphanie Dal
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Boulevard René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Séverine Sigrist
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Boulevard René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Martine Bergaentzlé
- Chimie Analytique des Molécules Bioactives, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (UMR 7178 CNRS/UDS), 74 route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - David Ramanitrahasimbola
- Institut Malgache de Recherches Appliquées, Fondation Albert et Suzanne RAKOTO-RATSIMAMANGA, Lot AVB 76 Avarabohitra Itaosy 102 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Charles Andrianjara
- Institut Malgache de Recherches Appliquées, Fondation Albert et Suzanne RAKOTO-RATSIMAMANGA, Lot AVB 76 Avarabohitra Itaosy 102 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Eric Marchioni
- Chimie Analytique des Molécules Bioactives, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (UMR 7178 CNRS/UDS), 74 route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France.
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Tanwar RS, Sharma SB, Prabhu KM. In vivo assessment of antidiabetic and antioxidative activity of natural phytochemical isolated from fruit-pulp of Eugenia jambolana in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Redox Rep 2016; 22:301-307. [PMID: 27654810 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1229892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Eugenia jambolana (E. jambolana) is well known for its antidiabetic potential. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidative effect of an active compound (FIIc) isolated from fruit-pulp of E. jambolana in streptozotocin (45 mg/kg body weight)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS FIIc was isolated from the crude aqueous extract of fruit-pulp by ion-exchange column chromatography and high-performance column chromatography. Detailed UV, NMR, and IR spectra suggested that FIIc is α-hydroxy succinamic acid. FIIc was orally administered to diabetic rats at a dose of 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg body weight (mg/kg bwt.) to determine its effective dose. Thereafter, effective dose was administered to 8 weeks to determine its antidiabetic and antioxidative activity by estimation of glycemic index, lipid profile, key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, and oxidative stress parameters. RESULTS Administration of 15 mg/kg dose daily for 8 weeks led to significant (P < 0.001) fall in fasting blood glucose. Treatment with FIIc (15 mg/kg bwt.) showed significant improvement (P < 0.001) in all the biochemical parameters. DISCUSSION The results demonstrate that FIIc possesses significant antidiabetic and antioxidative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reenu Singh Tanwar
- a Department of Biochemistry , University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital , Delhi , India
| | - Suman Bala Sharma
- a Department of Biochemistry , University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital , Delhi , India
| | - Krishna Madhava Prabhu
- a Department of Biochemistry , University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital , Delhi , India
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Yadav M, Yadav A, Kumar S, Yadav JP. Spatial and seasonal influences on culturable endophytic mycobiota associated with different tissues of Eugenia jambolana Lam. and their antibacterial activity against MDR strains. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:44. [PMID: 26988842 PMCID: PMC4797120 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Present study focuses on diversity and distribution analysis of endophytic fungi associated with different tissues of Eugenia jambolana. The influence of season and geographical location on diversity and distribution of endophytic fungi has been analyzed. Antibacterial activity of isolated fungal species has also been investigated against MDR bacterial strains. RESULT A total of 1896 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from healthy, surface sterilized tissues of leaf, stem and petiole tissues during summer, monsoon and winter season. Out of 24 fungal species isolated, 20 species belong to class Ascomycetes, 2 to Basidiomycetes and 2 to Zygomycetes. Maximum species diversity was in rainy season whereas colonization frequency was in winter. All the diversity indices showed maximum species diversity at site 5 (Yamunanager), rainy among the seasons and leaf among the tissues studied. Aspergillus genus was most frequently isolated. Aspergillus niger and Alternaria alternata were most dominant species. Three way ANOVA results showed that effect of season was highly significant on species diversity in relation to sites and tissues. 60% endophytic fungal extracts showed significant antibacterial activity against one or more than one MDR bacterial strain. CONCLUSION Different fungal species were recovered from different sites but the inter-site comparisons were not significant according to Jaccard similarity coefficient. Diversity of such fungal endophytes indicates that Eugenia jambolana plant acts as an ecosystem facilitating survival of many microbes with impressive antibacterial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manila Yadav
- Department of Genetics, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001 Haryana India
| | - Amita Yadav
- Department of Genetics, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001 Haryana India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Genetics, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001 Haryana India
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Latief N, Anand S, Lingaraju MC, Balaganur V, Pathak NN, Kalra J, Kumar D, Bhadoria BK, Tandan SK. Effect of Trimeric Myricetin Rhamnoside (TMR) in Carrageenan-induced Inflammation and Caecal Ligation and Puncture-induced Lung Oxidative Stress in Mice. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1798-805. [PMID: 26343251 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Eugenia jambolana is used in folklore medicine. Leaves of E. jambolana contain flavonoids as their active constituents which possess in vitro antiinflammatory, antioxidant and the antimicrobial activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects of a flavonoid glucoside, trimeric myricetin rhamnoside (TMR) isolated from leaves of E. jambolana. TMR was studied for antiinflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema and antioxidant activity in lung by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in mice. Results of the present study indicated that TMR significantly attenuated the oedema, myeloperoxidase (MPO), cytokines and prostaglandin levels in the paw after 5 h of carrageenan injection as compared to vehicle control. It also reduced the lung MPO, lipid peroxides, and serum nitrite plus nitrate levels and increased lung reduced glutathione levels 20 h of CLP as compared to vehicle control. Thus the results of this study concluded that the TMR appears to have potential benefits in diseases that are mediated by both inflammation and oxidative stress and support the pharmacological basis of use of E. jambolana plant as traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb Latief
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Shikha Anand
- Division of Plant Animal Relationship, Indian Grassland Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Cholenahalli Lingaraju
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Venkanna Balaganur
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Nitya Nand Pathak
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Jaspreet Kalra
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Brijesh K Bhadoria
- Division of Plant Animal Relationship, Indian Grassland Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Tandan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
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Yadav M, Yadav A, Yadav JP. In vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of endophytic fungi isolated from Eugenia jambolana Lam. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7S1:S256-61. [PMID: 25312132 DOI: 10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60242-X] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (TPC) of ethyl acetate extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from Eugenia jambolana by three different antioxidant assays. METHODS Twenty one different endophytic fungal extracts were screened for presence of various phytochemicals, TPC and in vitro antioxidant activity. TPC was tested by Folin-Ciocalteau reagent based assay. DPPH free radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and reducing power assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. RESULTS Alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenes were the main phytochemicals presents in all 21 endophytes. A significant positive correlation was found between antioxidant activity and TPC in fungal extracts. There is 36% endophytic extracts having high phenolic content exhibited potent antioxidant activity. Chaetomium sp., Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus peyronelii and Aspergillus niger strain showed the highest antioxidant activity ranging from 50% to 80% having 58 mg/g to 60 mg/g GAE total phenolics. Ascorbic acid used as a standard showed 90% reducing potential. CONCLUSIONS The results reveal that metabolites produced by endophytic fungi isolated from Eugenia jambolana can be a potential source of novel natural antioxidant compounds.
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Kosaraju J, Madhunapantula SV, Chinni S, Khatwal RB, Dubala A, Muthureddy Nataraj SK, Basavan D. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition by Pterocarpus marsupium and Eugenia jambolana ameliorates streptozotocin induced Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2014; 267:55-65. [PMID: 24667360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by the loss of normal functions of brain cells and neuronal death, ultimately leading to memory loss. Recent accumulating evidences have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of anti-diabetic agents, such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), providing opportunities to explore and test the DPP-4 inhibitors for treating this fatal disease. Prior studies determining the efficacy of Pterocarpus marsupium (PM, Fabaceae) and Eugenia jambolana (EJ, Myrtaceae) extracts for ameliorating type 2 diabetes have demonstrated the DPP-4 inhibitory properties indicating the possibility of using of these extracts even for the treating AD. Therefore, in the present study, the neuroprotective roles of PM and EJ for ameliorating the streptozotocin (STZ) induced AD have been tested in rat model. Experimentally, PM and EJ extracts, at a dose range of 200 and 400mg/kg, were administered orally to STZ induced AD Wistar rats and cognitive evaluation tests were performed using radial arm maze and hole-board apparatus. Following 30 days of treatment with the extracts, a dose- and time-dependent attenuation of AD pathology, as evidenced by decreasing amyloid beta 42, total tau, phosphorylated tau and neuro-inflammation with an increase in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels was observed. Therefore, PM and EJ extracts contain cognitive enhancers as well as neuroprotective agents against STZ induced AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayasankar Kosaraju
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Tamilnadu 643001, India.
| | | | - Santhivardhan Chinni
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Tamilnadu 643001, India
| | - Rizwan Basha Khatwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Tamilnadu 643001, India
| | - Anil Dubala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Tamilnadu 643001, India
| | | | - Duraiswamy Basavan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Tamilnadu 643001, India
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Singh D, Jamal F, Pandey PK. Kinetic assessment and effect on developmental physiology of a trypsin inhibitor from Eugenia jambolana (Jambul) seeds on Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2014; 85:94-113. [PMID: 24436204 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A trypsin inhibitor was purified from the seeds of Eugenia jambolana (Jambul) with a fold purification of 14.28 and a yield recovery of 2.8%. Electrophoretic analysis of E. jambolana trypsin inhibitor (EjTI) revealed a molecular weight of approximately 17.4 kDa on 12% denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with or without reduction. EjTI exhibited high stability over a wide range of temperatures (4-80 °C for 30 min) and pH (3.0-10.0) and inhibited trypsin-like activities of the midgut proteinases of fourth instar Helicoverpa armigera larvae by approximately 86%. Feeding assays containing 0.05, 0.15, and 0.45 (% w/w) EjTI on functionally important fourth-instar larvae indicated a dose-dependent downfall in the larval body weight as well as on extent of survival. The nutritional analysis suggests that EjTI exerts toxic effects on H. armigera. Dixon plot analysis revealed competitive inhibition of larval midgut proteinases by EjTI, with an inhibition constant (Ki ) of approximately 3.1 × 10(-9) M. However, inhibitor kinetics using double reciprocal plots for trypsin inhibition demonstrated a mixed inhibition pattern. These observations suggest the potential of E. jambolana trypsin inhibitor protein in insect pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ghosh A, Jana K, Ali KM, De D, Chatterjee K, Ghosh D. Corrective role of Eugenia jambolana on testicular impairment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male albino rat: an approach through genomic and proteomic study. Andrologia 2013; 46:296-307. [PMID: 23521341 DOI: 10.1111/and.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to explore the effect of ethyl acetate fraction of hydro-methanolic (40 : 60) extract of seed of Eugenia jambolana on testicular impairment in diabetic rats. In this respect, biomarkers of oxidative stress, genomics and proteomics in testicular tissue were assessed. Side by side, glycated haemoglobin, serum testosterone, activities of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase in serum, epididymal sperm count including reproductive organosomatic indices were evaluated. Results indicate that a significant recovery (P < 0.05) in the levels of these parameters in fraction-treated diabetic group in comparison with diabetic control. A significant recovery was noted (P < 0.05) in the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 gene towards the control after the treatment of said fraction. Histological study also focused a significant recovery (P < 0.05) in the number of different generation of germ cells at stage VII of spermatogenesis in fraction-treated diabetic group. The said fraction treatment to diabetic rat can recover the activities of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase significantly towards the control (P < 0.05). Finally, it may be concluded that ethyl acetate fraction of seed of E. jambolana has a promiseable remedial effect on diabetes-induced testicular dysfunctions in male rat without inducing any metabolic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghosh
- Department of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science and Management (UGC Innovative Programme Funded Department under Xth-5 Year Plan), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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Ayyanar M, Subash-Babu P. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels: a review of its phytochemical constituents and traditional uses. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012; 2:240-6. [PMID: 23569906 PMCID: PMC3609276 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) (L.) Skeels (jambolan) is one of the widely used medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases in particular diabetes. The present review has been primed to describe the existing data on the information on botany, phytochemical constituents, traditional uses and pharmacological actions of S. cumini (L.) Skeels (jambolan). Electronic database search was conducted with the search terms of Eugenia jambolana, S. cumini, jambolan, common plum and java plum. The plant has been viewed as an antidiabetic plant since it became commercially available several decades ago. During last four decades, numerous folk medicine and scientific reports on the antidiabetic effects of this plant have been cited in the literature. The plant is rich in compounds containing anthocyanins, glucoside, ellagic acid, isoquercetin, kaemferol and myrecetin. The seeds are claimed to contain alkaloid, jambosine, and glycoside jambolin or antimellin, which halts the diastatic conversion of starch into sugar. The vast number of literatures found in the database revealed that the extracts of different parts of jambolan showed significant pharmacological actions. We suggest that there is a need for further investigation to isolate active principles which confer the pharmacological action. Hence identification of such active compounds is useful for producing safer drugs in the treatment of various ailments including diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muniappan Ayyanar
- Department of Botany, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai-600 030, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pandurangan Subash-Babu
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, KSA
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