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Wang J, Kong J, Yang Y, Liu Y, Qiu J, Gong X, Zhang L, Li J, Sun F, Cao X. Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion of a Novel COX-2 Inhibitor, Vitacoxib, in Rats. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:884357. [PMID: 35464368 PMCID: PMC9024361 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.884357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to elucidate absorption, tissue distribution, excretion, and metabolism of vitacoxib, a novel selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, in Wistar rats. Vitacoxib was detected in most tissues within 15 min, suggesting that it was well distributed. Moreover, it could cross the intestinal barrier. Vitacoxib was mainly eliminated as two metabolites. Nine proposed metabolites of vitacoxib were found in the plasma, bile, urine, and feces of rats. Two main metabolites, 4-(4-chloro-1-(5-(methyl-sulfonyl) pyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl) phenyl methanol (M1) and 4-(4-chloro-1-(5-(methyl-sulfonyl) pyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl) benzoic acid (M2), were identified in rat feces and urine. Further, the authentic standards of M1 and M2 were synthesized to confirm their structures. The carboxylic acid derivative was the major metabolite of vitacoxib excreted in the urine and feces. Hydroxylation of the aromatic methyl group of vitacoxib and additional oxidation of the hydroxymethyl metabolite to a carboxylic acid metabolite were the proposed metabolic pathways. Vitacoxib displayed a high AUClast (4895.73 ± 604.34 ng·h/ml), long half-life (4.25 ± 0.30 h), slow absorption (Tmax, 5.00 ± 2.00 h), and wide tissue distribution in rats. Our findings provide significant information for the further development and investigation of vitacoxib as an effective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, and highly its potential for use future in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology at Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jingyuan Kong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Qiu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Gong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Orbiepharm Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Feifei Sun
| | - Xingyuan Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Xingyuan Cao
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2
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Lin B, Qi X, Fang L, Zhao L, Zhang R, Jing J, Zhang S, Yang X, Hou Z, Xue P. In vivo acute toxicity and mutagenic analysis of crude saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd husks. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4829-4841. [PMID: 35424398 PMCID: PMC8694558 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10170b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As a functional food factor, quinoa saponins are valuable as additives and in medical care, pharmaceutical development, cosmetics and other fields. However, few studies have investigated the toxicity of saponins. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of crude saponins extracted from quinoa husks. Thus, acute toxicity and excretion experiments were carried out in rats. The Ames test, micronucleus test and mouse sperm aberration test were carried out in mice. Results: In the acute toxicity study, the obtained LD50 was more than 10 g per kg per bw for both sexes, the food intake of all rats decreased over a period of time, and some rats developed diarrhea. In the case of large-dose gavage, the saponin excretion time in rats was approximately four days. When the dosage was 10 mg kg−1, quinoa saponins were hydrolyzed into aglycone within 24 hours and excreted out of the body. The results of the mutagenicity experiment showed that saponins had no mutagenicity in mice. Conclusion: This work has demonstrated that quinoa saponins have limited acute toxicity effects, which provides a theoretical basis for their rational utilization. As a functional food factor, quinoa saponins are valuable as additives and in medical care, pharmaceutical development, cosmetics and other fields.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Lin
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 People's Republic of China +86-536-8462429
| | - Xiao Qi
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 People's Republic of China +86-536-8462429
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 People's Republic of China +86-536-8462429
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 People's Republic of China +86-536-8462429
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 People's Republic of China +86-536-8462429
| | - Jinjin Jing
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 People's Republic of China +86-536-8462429
| | - Shujie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 People's Republic of China +86-536-8462429
| | - Xiushi Yang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohua Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 People's Republic of China +86-536-8462429
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Wang J, Schneider BK, Xiao H, Qiu J, Gong X, Seo YJ, Li J, Mochel JP, Cao X. Non-Linear Mixed-Effects Pharmacokinetic Modeling of the Novel COX-2 Selective Inhibitor Vitacoxib in Cats. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:554033. [PMID: 33102567 PMCID: PMC7546276 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.554033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a non-linear mixed-effects (NLME) model to describe the disposition kinetics of vitacoxib in cats following intravenous (I.V) and oral (P.O) (single and multiple) dosing. Data from six consecutive studies with 16 healthy neutered domestic short hair cats were pooled together to build a pharmacokinetic (PK) model using NLME. Population PK parameters were estimated using the stochastic approximation expectation maximization (SAEM) algorithm implemented in Monolix 2019R2. A two-compartment mammillary disposition model with simultaneous zero- and first-order absorption best described the PK of vitacoxib in plasma after oral dosing. The systemic CL of vitacoxib was found to be low (110 ml/h), with a steady-state volume of distribution (VSS) of 3.42 L in cats. Results from the automated covariate search in Monolix 2019R2 showed that bodyweight had a significant effect on the central volume of distribution of vitacoxib. Lastly, using Monte Carlo simulations, we investigated the time course of several dosages of vitacoxib from 0.01 to 8 mg/kg. Using this simulation set, we found a range of reasonable dosages that produce therapeutic plasma concentrations of vitacoxib for 24 h or more in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology at Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Benjamin K Schneider
- Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology at Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Hongzhi Xiao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Qiu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Gong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yeon-Jung Seo
- Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology at Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Orbiepharm Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology at Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Xingyuan Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
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Li R, Wang J, Zhao J. Solid-state fermentation of ammoniated corn straw to produce feed protein and toxicological assessment of the product. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13895-13901. [PMID: 32036536 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) of ammoniated corn straw was used to produce feed protein, followed by a toxicological assessment of the fermentation product. Results showed that through ammonification at 35 °C for 9 days and the subsequent SSF by the two fungi Penicillium sp. and Torula allii at 30 °C for 5 days, the contents of real protein and crude protein of the corn straw reached 29.66% and 35.41%, respectively. Toxicological assessment in mice showed that there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) for micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (Mn-PCEs) and sperm abnormality between dose groups and the control group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) also showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) between tissues (heart, liver, spleen, stomach, kidney, and brain), which indicates that the fermentation product did not induce toxic effects and is safe to use as ruminant feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riqiang Li
- College of Environmental & Resources Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Jianxing Wang
- College of Environmental & Resources Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jixin Zhao
- College of Environmental & Resources Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
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Wang J, Qiu J, Xiao H, Gong X, Sun P, Li J, Zhang S, Cao X. Pharmacokinetics of three formulations of vitacoxib in horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 43:364-368. [PMID: 32162352 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic properties of three formulations of vitacoxib were investigated in horses. To describe plasma concentrations and characterize the pharmacokinetics, 6 healthy adult Chinese Mongolian horses were administered a single dose of 0.1 mg/kg bodyweight intravenous (i.v.), oral paste, or oral tablet vitacoxib in a 3-way, randomized, parallel design. Blood samples were collected prior to and at various times up to 72 hr postadministration. Plasma vitacoxib concentrations were quantified using UPLC-MS/MS, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis. No complications resulting from the vitacoxib administration were noted on subsequent administrations, and all procedures were tolerated well by the horses throughout the study. The elimination half-life (T1/2λz ) was 4.24 ± 1.98 hr (i.v.), 8.77 ± 0.91 hr (oral paste), and 8.12 ± 4.24 hr (oral tablet), respectively. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) was 28.61 ± 9.29 ng/ml (oral paste) and 19.64 ± 9.26 ng/ml (oral tablet), respectively. Area under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUClast ) was 336 ± 229 ng hr/ml (i.v.), 221 ± 94 ng hr/ml (oral paste), and 203 ± 139 ng hr/ml, respectively. The results showed statistically significant differences between the 2 oral vitacoxib groups in Tmax value. T1/2λz (hr), AUClast (ng hr/ml), and MRT (hr) were significantly different between i.v. and oral groups. The longer half-life observed following oral administration was consistent with the flip-flop phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Beijing, China.,Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology at Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jicheng Qiu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhi Xiao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Gong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Sun
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Orbiepharm Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Suxia Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyuan Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residue and Illegal Additive, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Beijing, China
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6
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Wang J, Xue J, Zhang L, Zhang S, Li J, Cao X. Pharmacokinetics of vitacoxib in rabbits after intravenous and oral administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2019; 42:368-371. [PMID: 30761557 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the pharmacokinetics of vitacoxib in healthy rabbits following administration of 10 mg/kg intravenous (i.v.) and 10 mg/kg oral. Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were randomly allocated to two equally sized treatment groups. Blood samples were collected at predetermined times from 0 to 36 hr after treatment. Plasma drug concentrations were determined using UPLC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic analysis was completed using noncompartmental methods via WinNonlin™ 6.4 software. The mean concentration area under curve (AUClast ) for vitacoxib was determined to be 11.0 ± 4.37 μg hr/ml for i.v. administration and 2.82 ± 0.98 μg hr/ml for oral administration. The elimination half-life (T1/2λz ) was 6.30 ± 2.44 and 6.30 ± 1.19 hr for the i.v. and oral route, respectively. The Cmax (maximum plasma concentration) and Tmax (time to reach the observed maximum (peak) concentration at steady-state) following oral application were 189 ± 83.1 ng/ml and 6.58 ± 3.41 hr, respectively. Mean residence time (MRTlast ) following i.v. injection was 6.91 ± 3.22 and 11.7 ± 2.12 hr after oral administration. The mean bioavailability of oral administration was calculated to be 25.6%. No adverse effects were observed in any rabbit. Further studies characterizing the pharmacodynamics of vitacoxib are required to develop a formulation of vitacoxib for rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology at Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
| | - Jiao Xue
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Suxia Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Orbiepharm Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xingyuan Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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