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Wu Z, Li H, Li S, Chen G, Tang X, Liu S, Wang Y. Molecular mechanism underlying coencapsulating chrysophanol and hesperidin in octenylsuccinated β-glucan aggregates for improving their corelease and bioaccessibility. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133902. [PMID: 39029835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Chrysophanol and hesperidin are natural nutraceuticals that exhibit synergistic bioactivities, but their hydrophobicity limits their applications, and it is unclear whether coencapsulation can improve their solubility and release behaviors. The objective of this work was to coencapsulate chrysophanol and hesperidin by octenylsuccinated β-glucan aggregates (OSβG-Agg) and to reveal how coencapsulation improves their release and bioaccessibility. Mechanisms underlying the hypothesis of beneficial effects in coloading, corelease and bioaccessibility were revealed. The solubilization of OSβG-Agg was due to hydrogen-bonding among β-glucan moieties of OSβG and hydroxyl groups of chrysophanol and hesperidin and hydrophobic interactions among octenyl chains of OSβG and hydrophobic moieties of chrysophanol and hesperidin. Structural analyses confirmed the hypothesis that chrysophanol molecules were nearly embedded deeper into the interior of hydrophobic domains, and most of hesperidin molecules were incorporated into the exterior of the hydrophobic domains of OSβG-Agg due to the strength of these interactions, but they interacted in OSβG-Agg with a dense and compact structure rather than existing in isolation. The combined effects delayed their release and enhanced their bioaccessibility because of dynamic equilibrium between the favorable interactions and unfavorable structural erosion and relaxation of OSβG-Agg. Overall, OSβG-Agg is effective at codelivering hydrophobic phenolics for functional foods and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Innovative Chinese Medicine and Health Intervention, Chongqing 400065, PR China.
| | - Hong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Market Supervision (Condiment Supervision Technology), Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, PR China
| | - Sheng Li
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Innovative Chinese Medicine and Health Intervention, Chongqing 400065, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Innovative Chinese Medicine and Health Intervention, Chongqing 400065, PR China
| | - Xin Tang
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Innovative Chinese Medicine and Health Intervention, Chongqing 400065, PR China
| | - Simei Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, PR China
| | - Yongde Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Innovative Chinese Medicine and Health Intervention, Chongqing 400065, PR China.
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Ali H, Hasi RY, Islam M, Haque MS, Alkhanani MF, Almalki AH, Haque S, Sayyed RZ, Yeasmin T. Antioxidant, cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of the rhizome of Zingiber zerumbet Linn. in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing Swiss albino mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12150. [PMID: 35840634 PMCID: PMC9287333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to having a long history of traditional uses as a functional food, Zingiber zerumbet was selected here to explore the inherent antioxidant and antineoplastic activities of methanolic extract of its rhizome (MEZZR) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. The rich polyphenol containing MEZZR showed a marked DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide radicals and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity with an IC50 of 3.43 ± 1.25, 11.38 ± 1.39, 23.12 ± 3.39 and 16.47 ± 1.47 µg/ml, respectively, when compared to the standard catechin. In vivo, MEZZR significantly inhibited EAC cell growth, decreased body weight gain, increased life span and restored the altered hematological characteristics of EAC-bearing mice. Moreover, MEZZR induced nuclear condensation and fragmentation, which are notable features of apoptosis as observed by fluorescence microscopy after staining EAC cells of MEZZR-treated mice with Hoechst 33342. Additionally, in vitro, the cell growth inhibition caused by the MEZZR in MTT assay, was remarkably decreased in the presence of caspase-3, -8 and -9 inhibitors. This study thus suggests that MEZZR may possess promising antiproliferative efficacy against EAC cells by inducing cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Rumana Yesmin Hasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Majidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shajedul Haque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mustfa F Alkhanani
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, P. O. Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin, 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atiah H Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.,Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al-Hawiah, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Görükle Campus, 16059, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - R Z Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's S I Patil Arts, G B Patel Science and STKVS Commerce College, Shahada, 425409, India.
| | - Tanzima Yeasmin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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AlAhadeb JI. New combination of drugs to combat Escherichia coli DSM1103 QCDSM by reducing antibiotic ciprofloxacin standard dose using response surface methodology. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1815-1821. [PMID: 34776343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial diseases are emerged as a concern for the global health and are responsible for increased mortality among different age groups. It is therefore essential to control the microbial population with novel antimicrobial agents. Antibiotic-phytochemicals mixtures are used for improving the antibacterial efficiency against bacterial pathogens to decrease their microbial resistance development. This study compared the inhibitory potentials of ciprofloxacin antibiotic and phytochemical mixtures of Syzygium aromaticum (clove), Allium sativum (garlic) and Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon) against Escherichia coli DSM1103 QCDSM using Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and Bactericidal inhibitory concentrations (MBCs) methods. OBJECTIVE Inhibitory activity of ciprofloxacin and three oil plant extracts of the selected plants (clove, garlic, cinnamon) were tested against E. coli DSM1103 QCDSM using well diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar plates by studying MIC and MBC tests. The software "Design Expert® 12" Stat-Ease was used to analyze the experimental mixture design. RESULTS A mixture design of twenty mixture combination runs using different concentration levels of ciprofloxacin and the three oil plants extracts were performed against E. coli DSM1103 QCDSM growth. Results revealed that the standard recommended ciprofloxacin dose 5 μg/100 ml may be replaced by the oil extracts of S. aromaticum 4.75 % (v/v), A. sativum 5.0% (v/v), C. verum 5.0%(v/v) and ciprofloxacin 0.25% (w/v) as alternative drugs. CONCLUSION The proposed mixture containing Syzygium aromaticum (clove), Allium sativum (garlic) and Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon) was found to be an effective antimicrobial agent and may signifies the role of traditional knowledge in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher I AlAhadeb
- Department of Biology, College of Education (Majmaah), Majmaah University, P.O. Box 66, AlMajmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
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Protective Effect of Quercetin, a Flavonol against Benzo(a)pyrene-Induced Lung Injury via Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Angiogenesis and Cyclooxygenase-2 Signalling Molecule. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin (Qu) is an important polyphenolic flavonoid which exhibits tremendous antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other health promoting effects. The aim of the current study was to explore the therapeutic role of Qu on benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P]-induced lung injury in rats. B(a)P was given to the rats at dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. for continues 8 weeks through oral gavage. The rats were treated with Qu at dose of 50 mg/kg b.w prior 30 min before the oral administration of B(a)P. The effects of Qu were studied by measuring the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), anti-oxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory cytokines, lung tissues architecture and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β (27.30 vs. 22.80 pg/mL), IL-6 (90.64 vs. 55.49 pg/mL) and TNF-α (56.64 vs. 40.49 pg/mL) increased significantly and antioxidant enzymes decreased significantly in benzopyrene-induced lung injury in comparison to the control group. The treatment with Qu potentially reversed the effects of B(a)P to a great extent, as it led to the enhancement of antioxidant enzymes and decreased proinflammatory cytokines level. A significant surge of VEGF level was noticed in the B(a)P group as compared to the control group, while the Qu treatment groups exhibited less angiogenesis as lower level of VEGF levels, compared with the B(a)P treatment group. The Qu treatment significantly decreased the degrees of histopathological changes and collagen deposition in B(a)P-induced lung injury. The B(a)P-treated group showed higher cytoplasmic expression of COX-2 protein, which significantly decreased in the Qu treatment group. These outcomes recommend an effective role of Qu in the protection of lung injury against B(a)P through the regulation of the inflammatory factors, oxidative stress and the maintenance lung tissue architecture.
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Švecová M, Volochanskyi O, Dendisová M, Palounek D, Matějka P. Immobilization of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles for micro- and nano-spectroscopic applications: What is the role of used short amino- and thio-linkers and immobilization procedure on the SERS spectra? SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 247:119142. [PMID: 33189978 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of nanoparticles (NPs) is a technique suitable for the preparation of large-scale substrates for surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopy including micro- and nano-spectroscopic applications. The developed immobilization method provides the enhancing properties of the roughened substrate surface to be maintained for techniques like surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, however, at the same time the morphology is not limiting for related near-field (scanning probe) techniques. The study is focused on the comparison of different immobilization procedures of Ag nanoparticles and finding the relationship between preparation procedures leading to convenient surface morphology and the quality of the observed signal of the model analyte (riboflavin) using SERS. Amino-linker (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) and four thio-linkers (cysteine, 3-mercaptopropanoic acid, 2-mercaptoethanol, and 2,2'-oxydiethanthiol) using five immobilization procedures at three different temperatures (23 °C, 40 °C, and 70 °C) were compared. Surface morphology was monitored by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The SERS spectra of riboflavin were evaluated in terms of the intensity and the resolution of individual bands. The spectral dataset was inspected by multivariate statistical methods - principal component analysis and discriminant analysis. The evaluation of spectra and statistical models show the influence of the used linker and AgNPs immobilization procedure on the spectral output. APTMS linker is less suitable; much more appropriate are thio-linkers deposited on an evaporated Au layer on a glass slide. The best spectral parameters were obtained for 2,2'-oxydiethanthiol and 23 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Švecová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Praha 6 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Oleksandr Volochanskyi
- Department of Low-Dimensional Systems, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, Prague 8 18223, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Praha 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Dendisová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Praha 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - David Palounek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Praha 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Matějka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Praha 6 166 28, Czech Republic
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The Bioavailability, Extraction, Biosynthesis and Distribution of Natural Dihydrochalcone: Phloridzin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020962. [PMID: 33478062 PMCID: PMC7835879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phloridzin is an important phytochemical which was first isolated from the bark of apple trees. It is a member of the dihydrochalcones and mainly distributed in the plants of the Malus genus, therefore, the extraction method of phloridzin was similar to those of other phenolic substances. High-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC), resin adsorption technology and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to separate and purify phloridzin. Many studies showed that phloridzin had multiple pharmacological effects, such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycaemic, anticancer and antibacterial activities. Besides, the physiological activities of phloridzin are cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antiobesity, antioxidant and so on. The present review summarizes the biosynthesis, distribution, extraction and bioavailability of the natural compound phloridzin and discusses its applications in food and medicine.
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Antioxidant and Chemopreventive Effect of Aliophen ® Formulation Based on Malts and Hops. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010029. [PMID: 33396660 PMCID: PMC7823394 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and clinical studies evidenced the health effects of moderate consumption of beer, mainly due to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, vitamins, or fibers. To exploit the potential beneficial effect on health and in disease prevention of these compounds, a new beverage based on barley malts and hops named Aliophen® has been designed, through a patented production process, with a high total polyphenolic amount compared to alcohol-free beer and similar to the one present in light and dark beers. In the present study, the antioxidant activity of Aliophen® against low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and its ability to protect erythrocytes from hemolysis have been characterized. Moreover, the chemopreventive effect of Aliophen® against colon cancer has been assessed, employing a mouse model of chemically induced carcinogenesis using azoxymethane (AOM). Data obtained showed that Aliophen at a low dose (3 mg/kg) inhibited the formation of preneoplastic lesions, polyps, and tumors. At higher doses (300 mg/kg) the protective effect was measured in the first phase of the onset of cancer. The antioxidant properties of Aliophen® were also observed in AOM-treated mice where it increased the serum antioxidant capacity. Based on the data presented, Aliophen® can exert promising health effects, including an anticancer capacity presumably associated with its antioxidant properties.
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Yang N, Qiu F, Zhu F, Qi L. Therapeutic Potential of Zinc Oxide-Loaded Syringic Acid Against in vitro and in vivo Model of Lung Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8249-8260. [PMID: 33149573 PMCID: PMC7602902 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s272997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lung cancer is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer that leads to a high mortality rate amongst several cancer types and it is a widely recurrent cancer globally. The use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in the formulation of sun cream, food flavors, and colorings due to its varied biological properties. The extensive significance of nanoparticles encourages their production but the approaches are a common challenge in concluding the direct beneficial effect for the disease treatment. Hence, in the present study, zinc oxide-loaded syringic acid (ZnO-SYR) phytochemical was used to elucidate the therapeutic effect against lung cancer. Methods The ZnO-SYR nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, and FT-IR analysis. The characterized ZnO-SYR was tested on in vivo mouse model of lung cancer (benzo(a)pyrene (BAP)) and in vitro A549 cells. Results The results demonstrated the significant restoration of body weight with attenuated serum marker enzymes compared to BAP-treated animals. In addition, cytokine estimation revealed ameliorated levels of TNF-α, interleukins, IL-6, IL-1β with evidenced histological observations in ZnO-SYR-treated mice compared to BAP-induced lung cancer mice. Discussion Furthermore, cytotoxicity analysis demonstrated the altered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), with a profound increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and apoptosis mechanism by ZnO-SYR compared to control cells. The conclusions of the present study put forward an evident confirmation of the protective and beneficial effects of zincoxide-loaded syringic acid against the BAP-induced lung cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China
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Hassan SK, Mousa AM, El-Sammad NM, Abdel-Halim AH, Khalil WK, Elsayed EA, Anwar N, Linscheid MW, Moustafa ES, Hashim AN, Nawwar M. Antitumor activity of Cuphea ignea extract against benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung tumorigenesis in Swiss Albino mice. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:1071-1085. [PMID: 31660294 PMCID: PMC6807375 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has one of the highest mortality rates among various types of cancer and is the most frequent cancer in the world. The incidence of lung cancer is increasing rapidly, in parallel with an increased incidence of smoking. Effective chemoprevention may be an alternative strategy to control the incidence of lung cancer. Thus, the objective of current work was to ascertain the possible preventive and therapeutic efficacies of Cuphea ignea extract in a mouse model of lung tumorigenesis and its cytotoxicity toward the A549 human lung cancer cell line. Lung tumorigenesis was induced by the oral administration of benzo(a)pyrene (50 mg/kg b.w.) twice per week to Swiss albino mice for 4 weeks. Benzo(a)pyrene-treated mice were orally administered C. ignea (300 mg/kg body weight, 5 days/week) for 2 weeks before or 9 weeks after the first benzo(a)pyrene dose, for a total of 21 weeks. At the end of the administration period, various parameters were measured in the serum and lung tissues. The results revealed that the oral administration of benzo(a)pyrene resulted in increases in relative lung weight, serum levels of tumor markers (ADA, AHH, and LDH), and the inflammatory marker NF-κB, and a decreased total antioxidant capacity compared with the control. In addition, decreased levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation, metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-12), and the angiogenic marker VEGF were detected in lung tissues. Moreover, benzo(a)pyrene administration induced the upregulation of PKCα, COX-2, and Bcl-2 expression, with the downregulation of BAX and caspase-3 expression. C. ignea treatment alleviated all alterations in these parameters, which was further confirmed by the histopathological analysis of lung tissues. The findings of the current work provide the first verification of the preventive and therapeutic potentials of C. ignea extract against benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung tumorigenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherien K. Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amria M. Mousa
- Department of Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Wagdy K.B. Khalil
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A. Elsayed
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- Corresponding author at: Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nayera Anwar
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Michael W. Linscheid
- Laboratory of Applied Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eman S. Moustafa
- October University of Modern Sciences and Arts, 6th October City, Egypt
| | - Amani N. Hashim
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Nawwar
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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