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Fucà E, Costanzo F, Galassi P, Celestini L, Villani A, Valentini D, Vicari S. Emotional and behavioral features associated with subclinical hypothyroidism in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1294908. [PMID: 38379845 PMCID: PMC10878309 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1294908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is particularly frequent in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Despite the amount of evidence suggesting SH is associated with psychopathological symptoms and sleep problems in general population, poor is known about the emotional and behavioral features associated with SH in children with DS. Objective The first aim of the current study was to investigate differences in emotional and behavioral profiles between a group of children with DS exhibiting co-occurring SH and a group of age and BMI-matched children with DS without co-occurring SH. The second aim of the present study was to investigate differences in sleep disturbances between these groups. Methods We included in this retrospective study 98 participants with DS aged 3-18 years with the aim to explore differences in emotional/behavioral problems as well as in sleep difficulties between children with DS with or without co-occurring SH. Results Participants with co-occurring SH exhibited significantly higher scores at several scales of the Conners' Parent Rating Scales Long Version - Revised. However, they did not exhibit more sleep problems than control group. Conclusion These results provide specific indications for psychological and neuropsychiatric evaluation of children with DS with suspected or diagnosed SH, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in clinical care for children and adolescents with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fucà
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Floriana Costanzo
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Galassi
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Celestini
- Pediatric Unit, Pediatric Emergency Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Villani
- Pediatric Unit, Pediatric Emergency Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Diletta Valentini
- Pediatric Unit, Pediatric Emergency Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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de Souza Cardoso J, Baldissarelli J, Reichert KP, Teixeira FC, Pereira Soares MS, Chitolina Schetinger MR, Morsch VM, Farias Martins Filho AO, Duarte Junior HR, Ribeiro Coriolano FH, Spanevello RM, Stefanello FM, Tavares RG. Neuroprotection elicited by resveratrol in a rat model of hypothyroidism: Possible involvement of cholinergic signaling and redox status. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 524:111157. [PMID: 33421531 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Both the cholinergic pathway and oxidative stress are important mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism, a condition characterized by low levels of thyroid hormone that predispose the patient to brain dysfunction. Phenolic compounds have numerous health benefits, including antioxidant activity. This study evaluates the preventive effects of resveratrol in the cholinergic system and redox status in rats with methimazole-induced hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism increases acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and density in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and decreases the α7 and M1 receptor densities in the hippocampus. Hypothyroidism also increases cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), but reduces total thiol content, and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the serum. In the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, hypothyroidism increases the levels of ROS and nitrites. In this study, resveratrol (50 mg/kg) treatment prevents the observed increase in AChE in the cerebral cortex, and increases the protein levels of NeuN, a marker of mature neurons. Resveratrol also prevents changes in serum ROS levels and brain structure, as well as the levels of TBARS, total thiol content, and serum catalase enzyme activity. These collective findings suggest that resveratrol has a high antioxidant capacity and can restore hypothyroidism-triggered alterations related to neurotransmission. Thus, it is a promising agent for the prevention of brain damage resulting from hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane de Souza Cardoso
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jucimara Baldissarelli
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Paula Reichert
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cardoso Teixeira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Morsch
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rejane Giacomelli Tavares
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; CBIOS- Universidade Lusófona de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Singh S, Panda V, S. S, Dande P. Protective effect of a polyherbal bioactive fraction in propylthiouracil-induced thyroid toxicity in ratsby modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:730-742. [PMID: 32579134 PMCID: PMC7301176 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is the most frequent toxic effect of a large variety of chemical compounds. The polyherbal bioactive fraction exhibited a pro-thyroid effect in hypothyroidic rats. The polyherbal fraction restored the propylthiouracil-depleted thyroid hormone levels significantly. The polyherbal fraction may act through multiple mechanisms to exhibit a pro-thyroid effect.
Hypothyroidism is the most frequent consequence of the interaction of a large variety of drugs, environmental pollutants and industrial chemicals with the thyroid gland. It is associated with diminished endocrine function which may lead to hyperlipidemia, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, weight gain, and other metabolic disorders. The present study evaluates the pro-thyroid activity of a bioactive fraction from a polyherbal teabag in rats with hypothyroidism induced by propylthiouracil. The teabag was formulated to stimulate synthesis and/or release of T4 and affectthe conversion of T4 to T3. Phytoconstituents of the polyherbal teabag are potent antioxidants that may be responsible for the pro-thyroid activity. The tea-extract (1000 mg) was found to contain 1076 μg of gallic acid and 1131 μg of rutin from HPTLC analysis. Rats received propylthiouracil (8 mg/kg) for the first 15days followed by the polyherbal tea-extract (500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg), the standard drug levothyroxine (0.1 mg/kg), aerobic exercise, and a combination of tea-extract (1000 mg/kg) and aerobic exercise daily along with propylthiouracil for the next 30 days. Finally, rats received their respective treatments alone without propylthiouracil for 15 more days. Lipid profile and levels of glucose, insulin, T3, T4, TSH, cortisol, homocysteine, creatinine, uric acid, malondialdehyde, glucose-6 phosphatase, and endogenous antioxidants were determined. All treatments attenuated significantly the propylthiouracil-elevated TSH, homocysteine, creatinine, uric acid, glucose-6-phosphatase, insulin, and malondialdehyde levels, and restored favorably the propylthiouracil-altered lipid profile, T3, T4, and endogenous antioxidant levels. The polyherbal tea-extract (1000 and 1500 mg/kg) treatment and thecombination treatment of tea-extract (1000 mg/kg) with aerobic exercise displayed significant restoration of the suboptimalthyroid function. This may be due to a favorablemodulation ofthe hypothalamic-pituitary–thyroid and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axes.
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Key Words
- AC, Abdominal circumference
- AE, Aerobic exercise
- Aerobic exercise
- CAT, Catalase;GA- Gallic acid
- GPx, Glutathione peroxidase
- GR, Glutathione reductase
- GSH, Reduced glutathione
- HDL, High-density lipoprotein
- HOMA, IR- Homeostatic model of insulin resistance
- HPTLC, High-performance thin layer chromatography
- Hcy, Homocysteine
- Hypothyroidism
- IR, Insulin resistance
- LDL, Low-density lipoprotein
- LPO, Lipid peroxidation
- MDA, Malondialedhyde
- NIS, Sodium-iodide symporter
- PTU, Propylthiouracil
- Polyherbal
- Propylthiouracil
- Ru, Rutin
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- T1000, Tea-extract 1000 mg/kg
- T1500, Tea-extract 1500 mg/kg
- T3, Triiodothyronine
- T4, thyroxine
- T500, Tea-extract 500 mg/kg
- TAE, T1000 mg/kg + Aerobic exercise
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, Triglycerides
- TSH, Thyroid stimulating hormone
- Thyroid hormones
- VLDL, Very low-density lipoprotein
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prin. K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Jote Joy Building, RambhauSalgaonkar Marg, Cuffe Parade, Colaba, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Vandana Panda
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Prin. K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Jote Joy Building, RambhauSalgaonkar Marg, Cuffe Parade, Colaba, Mumbai, 400005, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sudhamani S.
- Department of Pathology, Dr. D.Y Patil Medical College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Payal Dande
- Department of Pharmacognosy, SVKM’s NMIMS, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management Mukesh Patel Technology Park, Babulde, Mumbai-Agra Highway, Shirpur, India
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Dataset on effects of perinatal exposure to propylthiouracil on serum T4, body weight gain, day of eye opening and brain monoamine contents in offspring mice. Data Brief 2019; 28:104900. [PMID: 31872013 PMCID: PMC6909211 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical growth and brain development need sufficient thyroid hormone (TH). This dataset describes serum T4 level, body weight gain and day of eye opening in offspring mice exposed to the TH synthesis inhibitor propylthiouracil (PTU) from gestational day (GD) 15 to postnatal day (PND) 25. This dataset also describes content of dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), 5-HT, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and their turnover in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens of male offspring mice perinatally exposed to PTU. These data are referred by a research article entitled “Hyperactive behavioral phenotypes and an altered brain monoaminergic state in male offspring mice with perinatal hypothyroidism” [1].
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