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Din MAU, Wan A, Chu Y, Zhou J, Yan Y, Xu Z. Therapeutic role of extracellular vesicles from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and their wide therapeutic implications in inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammatory disorder. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1406547. [PMID: 39139783 PMCID: PMC11319305 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1406547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The chronic immune-mediated inflammatory condition known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) significantly affects the gastrointestinal system. While the precise etiology of IBD remains elusive, extensive research suggests that a range of pathophysiological pathways and immunopathological mechanisms may significantly contribute as potential factors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown significant potential in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for various medical conditions. However, some MSCs have been found to exhibit tumorigenic characteristics, which limit their potential for medical treatments. The extracellular vesicles (EVs), paracrine factors play a crucial role in the therapeutic benefits conferred by MSCs. The EVs consist of proteins, microRNAs, and lipids, and are instrumental in facilitating intercellular communication. Due to the ease of maintenance, and decreased immunogenicity, tumorigenicity the EVs have become a new and exciting option for whole cell treatment. This review comprehensively assesses recent preclinical research on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC)-derived EVs as a potential IBD therapy. It comprehensively addresses key aspects of various conditions, including diabetes, cancer, dermal injuries, neurological disorders, cardiovascular issues, liver and kidney diseases, and bone-related afflictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azhar Ud Din
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, China
| | | | - Ying Chu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhiliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Kumar MA, Baba SK, Sadida HQ, Marzooqi SA, Jerobin J, Altemani FH, Algehainy N, Alanazi MA, Abou-Samra AB, Kumar R, Al-Shabeeb Akil AS, Macha MA, Mir R, Bhat AA. Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:27. [PMID: 38311623 PMCID: PMC10838959 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted into the extracellular space. They exhibit diverse sizes, contents, and surface markers and are ubiquitously released from cells under normal and pathological conditions. Human serum is a rich source of these EVs, though their isolation from serum proteins and non-EV lipid particles poses challenges. These vesicles transport various cellular components such as proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, DNA, and lipids across distances, influencing numerous physiological and pathological events, including those within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Their pivotal roles in cellular communication make EVs promising candidates for therapeutic agents, drug delivery systems, and disease biomarkers. Especially in cancer diagnostics, EV detection can pave the way for early identification and offers potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, various EV subtypes are emerging as targeted drug delivery tools, highlighting their potential clinical significance. The need for non-invasive biomarkers to monitor biological processes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes remains unfulfilled. Tapping into the unique composition of EVs could unlock advanced diagnostic and therapeutic avenues in the future. In this review, we discuss in detail the roles of EVs across various conditions, including cancers (encompassing head and neck, lung, gastric, breast, and hepatocellular carcinoma), neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, viral infections, autoimmune and renal diseases, emphasizing the potential advancements in molecular diagnostics and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir A Kumar
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Sadaf K Baba
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Al Marzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jayakumar Jerobin
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Faisal H Altemani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseh Algehainy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alanazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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Liu P, Qian Y, Liu X, Zhu X, Zhang X, Lv Y, Xiang J. Immunomodulatory role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in liver fibrosis. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1096402. [PMID: 36685534 PMCID: PMC9848585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1096402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a fibrogenic and inflammatory process that results from hepatocyte injury and is characterized by hepatic architectural distortion and resultant loss of liver function. There is no effective treatment for advanced fibrosis other than liver transplantation, but it is limited by expensive costs, immune rejection, and postoperative complications. With the development of regenerative medicine in recent years, mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) transplantation has become the most promising treatment for liver fibrosis. The underlying mechanisms of MSC anti-fibrotic effects include hepatocyte differentiation, paracrine, and immunomodulation, with immunomodulation playing a central role. This review discusses the immune cells involved in liver fibrosis, the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs, and the immunomodulation mechanisms of MSC-based strategies to attenuate liver fibrosis. Meanwhile, we discuss the current challenges and future directions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Center for Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yerong Qian
- Center for Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xulong Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Center for Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Junxi Xiang, ; Yi Lv,
| | - Junxi Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Junxi Xiang, ; Yi Lv,
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Fagoonee S, Arigoni M, Manco M, Olivero M, Bizzaro F, Magagnotti C, Andolfo A, Miniscalco B, Forni M, Todeschi S, Tolosano E, Bocchietto E, Calogero R, Altruda F. Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Contain Liver-Derived RNA Species as Indicators of Severe Cholestasis-Induced Early Liver Fibrosis in Mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:480-504. [PMID: 34779230 PMCID: PMC8978575 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Biliary diseases represent around 10% of all chronic liver diseases and affect both adults and children. Currently available biochemical tests detect cholestasis but not early liver fibrosis. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide a noninvasive, real-time molecular snapshot of the injured organ. We thus aimed at searching for a panel of EV-based biomarkers for cholestasis-induced early liver fibrosis using mouse models. Results: Progressive and detectable histological evidence of collagen deposition and liver fibrosis was observed from day 8 after bile duct ligation (BDL) in mice. Whole transcriptome and small RNA sequencing analyses of circulating EVs revealed differentially enriched RNA species after BDL versus sham controls. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified a signature that allowed for discrimination between BDL and controls. In particular, 151 microRNAs (miRNAs) enriched in BDL-derived EVs were identified, of which 66 were conserved in humans. The liver was an important source of circulating EVs in BDL animals as evidenced by the enrichment of several hepatic mRNAs, such as Albumin and Haptoglobin. Interestingly, among experimentally validated miRNAs, miR192-5p, miR194-5p, miR22-3p, and miR29a-3p showed similar enrichment patterns also in EVs derived from 3,5-diethoxycarboncyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine-treated (drug-induced severe cholestasis) but not in mice with mild phenotype or non-cholestatic liver fibrosis. Innovation: A panel of mRNAs and miRNAs contained in circulating EVs, when combined, indicates hepatic damage and fibrosis in mice and represents promising biomarkers for human severe cholestasis-induced liver fibrosis. Conclusion: Analysis of EV-based miRNAs, in combination with hepatic injury RNA markers, can detect early cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis in mice. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 480-504.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Fagoonee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Maddalena Arigoni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Manco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Cinzia Magagnotti
- ProMeFa, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- ProMeFa, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Forni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Calogero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Villard A, Boursier J, Andriantsitohaina R. Bacterial and eukaryotic extracellular vesicles and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: new players in the gut-liver axis? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G485-G495. [PMID: 33471632 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00362.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver and intestine communicate in a bidirectional way through the biliary tract, portal vein, and other components of the gut-liver axis. The gut microbiota is one of the major contributors to the production of several proteins and bile acids. Imbalance in the gut bacterial community, called dysbiosis, participates in the development and progression of several chronic liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is currently considered the main chronic liver disease worldwide. Dysbiosis contributes to NAFLD development and progression, notably by a greater translocation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in the blood. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a PAMP that activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), induces liver inflammation, and participates in the development of fibrogenesis. LPS can be transported by bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are spherical structures produced by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells that transfer information to distant cells and may represent new players in NAFLD development and progression. The present review summarizes the role of eukaryotic EVs, either circulating or tissue-derived, in NAFLD features, such as liver inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. Circulating EV levels are dynamic and correlate with disease stage and severity. However, scarce information is available concerning the involvement of bacterial EVs in liver disease. The present review highlights a potential role of bacterial EVs in insulin resistance and liver inflammation, although the mechanism involved has not been elucidated. In addition, because of their distinct signatures, eukaryotic and prokaryotic EVs may also represent a promising NAFLD diagnostic tool as a "liquid biopsy" in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Villard
- INSERM UMR1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Faculté de Santé, Université d'Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,EA 3859, Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité Tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH), Angers, France
| | - Jérôme Boursier
- EA 3859, Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité Tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH), Angers, France
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- INSERM UMR1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Faculté de Santé, Université d'Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
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Wang X, Guo J, Yu P, Guo L, Mao X, Wang J, Miao S, Sun J. The roles of extracellular vesicles in the development, microenvironment, anticancer drug resistance, and therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:35. [PMID: 33478586 PMCID: PMC7819156 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the main malignant tumours affecting human health, mainly due to delayed diagnosis and high invasiveness. Extracellular vehicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles released by cells into the extracellular matrix that carry important signalling molecules and stably and widely exist in various body fluids, such as plasma, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, breast milk, urine, semen, lymphatic fluid, synovial fluid, amniotic fluid, and sputum. EVs transport almost all types of bioactive molecules (DNA, mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, metabolites, and even pharmacological compounds). These "cargoes" can act on recipient cells, reshaping the surrounding microenvironment and altering distant targets, ultimately affecting their biological behaviour. The extensive exploration of EVs has deepened our comprehensive understanding of HNSCC biology. In this review, we not only summarized the effect of HNSCC-derived EVs on the tumour microenvironment but also described the role of microenvironment-derived EVs in HNSCC and discussed how the "mutual dialogue" between the tumour and microenvironment mediates the growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, immune escape, and drug resistance of tumours. Finally, the clinical application of EVS in HNSCC was assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Tumors, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, 150000, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junnan Guo
- The First Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, 150000, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingyang Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Tumors, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, 150000, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lunhua Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Tumors, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, 150000, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xionghui Mao
- Department of Head and Neck Tumors, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, 150000, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junrong Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Tumors, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, 150000, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Susheng Miao
- Department of Head and Neck Tumors, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, 150000, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ji Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Tumors, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, 150000, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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