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Novel developments in capillary electrophoresis miniaturization, sampling, detection and portability: An overview of the last decade. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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2
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Yang B, Mai TD, Tran NT, Taverna M. In capillary labeling and online electrophoretic separation of N-glycans from glycoproteins. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3594-3603. [PMID: 35820058 PMCID: PMC9796131 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present a new approach for in-capillary fluorescent labeling of N-glycans prior to their analysis with CE coupled with laser-induced fluorescent detection. This integrated approach allows using a CE capillary as a microreactor to perform several steps required for labeling glycans with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6 trisulfonic acid and at the same time as a separation channel for CE of fluorescently labeled glycans. This could be achieved through careful optimization of all different steps, including sequential injections of fluorescent dye and glycan plugs, mixing by transverse diffusion of laminar flow profiles, incubation in a thermostatic zone, and finally separation and detection with CE. Such a complex sample treatment protocol for glycan labeling that is feasible thus far only in batchwise mode can now be converted into an automated and integrated protocol. Our approach was applied successfully to analyze fluorescently labeled N-linked oligosaccharides released from human immunoglobulin G and rituximab, a monoclonal antibody used for cancer treatment. We demonstrated the superiority of this in-capillary approach over the conventional in-tube protocol, with fourfold less reagent consumption and full automation without remarkable degradation of the glycan separation profile obtained by capillary electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CNRS, Faculté de PharmacieInstitut Galien Paris‐SaclayBâtiment Henri Moissan, 17 Avenue des SciencesOrsay91400France
| | - Thanh Duc Mai
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CNRS, Faculté de PharmacieInstitut Galien Paris‐SaclayBâtiment Henri Moissan, 17 Avenue des SciencesOrsay91400France
| | - Nguyet Thuy Tran
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CNRS, Faculté de PharmacieInstitut Galien Paris‐SaclayBâtiment Henri Moissan, 17 Avenue des SciencesOrsay91400France
| | - Myriam Taverna
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CNRS, Faculté de PharmacieInstitut Galien Paris‐SaclayBâtiment Henri Moissan, 17 Avenue des SciencesOrsay91400France,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)ParisFrance
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Ramos-Payán M, Ocaña-Gonzalez JA, Fernández-Torres RM, Llobera A, Bello-López MÁ. Recent trends in capillary electrophoresis for complex samples analysis: A review. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:111-125. [PMID: 28791719 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CE has been a continuously evolving analytical methodology since its first introduction in the 1980s of the last century. The development of new CE separation procedures, the coupling of these systems to more sensitive and versatile detection systems, and the advances in miniaturization technology have allowed the application of CE to the resolution of new and complex analytical problems, overcoming the traditional disadvantages associated with this method. In the present work, different recent trends in CE and their application to the determination of high complexity samples (as biological fluids, individual cells, etc.) will be reviewed: capillary modification by different types of coatings, microfluidic CE, and online microextraction CE. The main advantages and disadvantages of the different proposed approaches will be discussed with examples of most recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ramos-Payán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan A Ocaña-Gonzalez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Andreu Llobera
- Carl Zeiss Vision GmbH, Technology & Innovation, Aalen, Germany
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Thang LY, See HH, Quirino JP. Multistacking from Two Sample Streams in Nonaqueous Microchip Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9915-9919. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Yien Thang
- Centre
for Sustainable Nanomaterials, IbnuSina Institute for Scientific and
Industrial Research, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Heng See
- Centre
for Sustainable Nanomaterials, IbnuSina Institute for Scientific and
Industrial Research, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Joselito P. Quirino
- Centre
for Sustainable Nanomaterials, IbnuSina Institute for Scientific and
Industrial Research, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences
− Chemistry, University of Tasmania, 7001 Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Felhofer JL, Scida K, Penick M, Willis PA, Garcia CD. Simultaneous solid phase extraction and derivatization of aliphatic primary amines prior to separation and UV-absorbance detection. Talanta 2013; 115:688-93. [PMID: 24054648 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the problem of poor sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis-UV absorbance for the detection of aliphatic amines, a solid phase extraction and derivatization scheme was developed. This work demonstrates successful coupling of amines to a chromophore immobilized on a solid phase and subsequent cleavage and analysis. Although the analysis of many types of amines is relevant for myriad applications, this paper focuses on the derivatization and separation of amines with environmental relevance. This work aims to provide the foundations for future developments of an integrated sample preparation microreactor capable of performing simultaneous derivatization, preconcentration, and sample cleanup for sensitive analysis of primary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Felhofer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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6
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Piñero MY, Garrido-Delgado R, Bauza R, Arce L, Valcárcel M. Easy sample treatment for the determination of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin residues in raw bovine milk by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2978-86. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocío Garrido-Delgado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry (IQFN); University of Córdoba; Córdoba; Spain
| | - Roberto Bauza
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zulia; Maracaibo; Venezuela
| | - Lourdes Arce
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry (IQFN); University of Córdoba; Córdoba; Spain
| | - Miguel Valcárcel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry (IQFN); University of Córdoba; Córdoba; Spain
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7
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Bakar NBA, Makahleh A, Saad B. In-vial liquid–liquid microextraction-capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of phenolic acids in vegetable oils. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 742:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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8
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Piñero MY, Bauza R, Arce L. Thirty years of capillary electrophoresis in food analysis laboratories: potential applications. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1379-93. [PMID: 21538397 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CE has generated considerable interest in the research community since instruments were introduced by different trading companies in the 1990s. Nowadays, CE is popular due to its simplicity, speed, highly efficient separations and minimal solvent and reagent consumption; it can also be included as a useful technique in the nanotechnology field and it covers a wide range of specific applications in different fields (chemical, pharmaceutical, genetic, clinical, food and environmental). CE has been very well evaluated in research laboratories for several years, and different new approaches to improve sensitivity (one of the main drawbacks of CE) and robustness have been proposed. However, this technique is still not well accepted in routine laboratories for food analysis. Researching in data bases, it is easy to find several electrophoretic methods to determine different groups of analytes and sometimes they are compared in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, precision and applicability with other separation techniques. Although these papers frequently prove the potential of this methodology in spiked samples, it is not common to find a discussion of the well-known complexity of the matrices to extract analytes from the sample and/or to study the interferences in the target analytes. Summarizing, the majority of CE scientific papers focus primarily on the effects upon the separation of the analytes while ignoring their behavior if these analytes are presented in real samples.
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In-line coupling headspace liquid-phase microextraction with capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1203-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Morales-Cid G, Gebefugi I, Kanawati B, Harir M, Hertkorn N, Rosselló-Mora R, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Automated microextraction sample preparation coupled on-line to FT-ICR-MS: application to desalting and concentration of river and marine dissolved organic matter. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:797-807. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Arce L, Nozal L, Simonet B, Valcárcel M, Ríos A. Liquid-phase microextraction techniques for simplifying sample treatment in capillary electrophoresis. Trends Analyt Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2009.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Rodríguez‐Gonzalo E, Ruano‐Miguel L, Carabias‐Martínez R. In‐capillary microextraction using monolithic polymers: Application to preconcentration of carbamate pesticides prior to their separation by MEKC. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1913-22. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Thabano JR, Breadmore MC, Hutchinson JP, Johns C, Haddad PR. Silica nanoparticle-templated methacrylic acid monoliths for in-line solid-phase extraction–capillary electrophoresis of basic analytes. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4933-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Morales-Cid G, Cárdenas S, Simonet BM, Valcárcel M. Fully Automatic Sample Treatment by Integration of Microextraction by Packed Sorbents into Commercial Capillary Electrophoresis−Mass Spectrometry Equipment: Application to the Determination of Fluoroquinolones in Urine. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3188-93. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900234j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Morales-Cid
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus de Rabanales, University of Cordoba, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus de Rabanales, University of Cordoba, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Bartolomé M. Simonet
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus de Rabanales, University of Cordoba, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Miguel Valcárcel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus de Rabanales, University of Cordoba, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain
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Zougagh M, Ríos A. Supercritical fluid extraction as an on-line clean-up technique for determination of riboflavin vitamins in food samples by capillary electrophoresis with fluorimetric detection. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3213-9. [PMID: 18600834 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An automatic method for the separation and determination of riboflavin (RF) vitamins (RF, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide) in food samples (chicken liver, tablet and powder milk) is proposed. The method is based on the on-line coupling of a supercritical fluid extractor (SFE) with a continuous flow-CE system with guided optical fiber fluorimetric detection (CF-CE-FD). The whole SFE-CF-CE-FD arrangement allowed the automatic treatment of food samples (clean-up of the sample followed by the extraction of the analytes), and the direct introduction of a small volume of the extracted plug to the CE-FD system for the determination of RF vitamins. Fluorescence detection introduced an appropriated sensitivity and contributed to avoid interferences of nonfluorescent polar compounds coming from the matrix samples in the extracted plug. Electrophoretic responses were linear within the 0.05-1 microg/g range, whereas the detection limits of RF vitamins were in the 0.036-0.042 microg/g range. The proposed arrangement opens up interesting prospects for the direct determination of polar analytes in complex samples with a good throughput and high level of automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zougagh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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16
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García-Pérez I, Vallejo M, García A, Legido-Quigley C, Barbas C. Metabolic fingerprinting with capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1204:130-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Zacharis CK, Tzanavaras PD. Determination of bisphosphonate active pharmaceutical ingredients in pharmaceuticals and biological material: a review of analytical methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:483-96. [PMID: 18599247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates is a class of chemical compounds finding extensive medical applications against bone disorders including osteoporosis, Pagets' disease, etc. Non-N-containing members include etidronate, clodronate and tiludronate, while N-containing bisphosphonates include active pharmaceutical compounds such as pamidronate, neridronate, olpadronate, alendronate, ibandronate, risedronate and zoledronate. The present study covers 20 years of analytical research on this group of compounds, focusing on bioanalytical and pharmaceutical QC applications. A wide range of analytical techniques is presented and critically discussed including among others liquid and gas phase separations, electrophoretic, electroanalytical, automated and enzymatic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos K Zacharis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Morales-Cid G, Simonet BM, Cárdenas S, Valcárcel M. Electrical field-assisted solid-phase extraction coupled on-line to capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2033-40. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Puig P, Borrull F, Calull M, Aguilar C. Sorbent preconcentration procedures coupled to capillary electrophoresis for environmental and biological applications. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 616:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Capillary electrophoresis analysis of biofluids with a focus on less commonly analyzed matrices. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 866:154-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
The article brings a comprehensive survey of recent developments and applications of high-performance capillary electromigration methods, zone electrophoresis, ITP, IEF, affinity electrophoresis, EKC, and electrochromatography, to analysis, preparation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides. New approaches to the theoretical description and experimental verification of electromigration behavior of peptides and to methodology of their separations, such as sample preparation, adsorption suppression, and detection, are presented. Novel developments in individual CE and CEC modes are shown and several types of their applications to peptide analysis are presented: conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis, purity control, determination in biomatrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid and sequence analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some examples of micropreparative peptide separations are given and capabilities of CE and CEC techniques to provide important physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kasicka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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23
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Recent advances in coupling solid-phase extraction and capillary electrophoresis (SPE–CE). Trends Analyt Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Morales-Cid G, Simonet BM, Cárdenas S, Valcárcel M. On-capillary sample cleanup method for the electrophoretic determination of carbohydrates in juice samples. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1557-63. [PMID: 17447235 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
On many occasions, sample treatment is a critical step in electrophoretic analysis. As an alternative to batch procedures, in this work, a new strategy is presented with a view to develop an on-capillary sample cleanup method. This strategy is based on the partial filling of the capillary with carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotube (c-SWNT). The nanoparticles retain interferences from the matrix allowing the determination and quantification of carbohydrates (viz glucose, maltose and fructose). The precision of the method for the analysis of real samples ranged from 5.3 to 6.4%. The proposed method was compared with a method based on a batch filtration of the juice sample through diatomaceous earth and further electrophoretic determination. This method was also validated in this work. The RSD for this other method ranged from 5.1 to 6%. The results obtained by both methods were statistically comparable demonstrating the accuracy of the proposed methods and their effectiveness. Electrophoretic separation of carbohydrates was achieved using 200 mM borate solution as a buffer at pH 9.5 and applying 15 kV. During separation, the capillary temperature was kept constant at 40 degrees C. For the on-capillary cleanup method, a solution containing 50 mg/L of c-SWNTs prepared in 300 mM borate solution at pH 9.5 was introduced for 60 s into the capillary just before sample introduction. For the electrophoretic analysis of samples cleaned in batch with diatomaceous earth, it is also recommended to introduce into the capillary, just before the sample, a 300 mM borate solution as it enhances the sensitivity and electrophoretic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Morales-Cid
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Marie Curie Building, Campus de Rabanales, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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