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Lucci E, Antonelli L, Gherardi M, Fanali C, Fanali S, Scipioni A, Lupattelli P, Gentili A, Chankvetadze B. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the enantioselective multiresidue determination of nine chiral agrochemicals in urine using an enrichment procedure based on graphitized carbon black. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1127-1137. [PMID: 38108844 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Many agrochemicals are chiral molecules, and most of them are marketed as racemates or diastereomeric mixtures. Stereoisomers that are not the active enantiomer have little or no pesticidal activity and can exert serious toxic effects towards non-target organisms. Thus, investigating the possible exposure to different isomers of chiral pesticides is an urgent need. The present work was aimed at developing a new enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of nine chiral pesticides in urine. Two solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedures, based on different carbon-based sorbents (graphitized carbon black (GCB) and buckypaper (BP)), were developed and compared. By using GCB, all analytes were recovered with yields ranging from 60 to 97%, while BP allowed recoveries greater than 54% for all pesticides except those with acid characteristics. Baseline separation was achieved for the enantiomers of all target agrochemicals on a Lux Cellulose-2 column within 24 min under reversed-phase mode. The developed method was then validated according to the FDA guidelines for bioanalytical methods. Besides recovery, the other evaluated parameters were precision (7-15%), limits of detection (0.26-2.21 µg/L), lower limits of quantitation (0.43-3.68 µg/L), linear dynamic range, and sensitivity. Finally, the validated method was applied to verify the occurrence of the pesticide enantiomers in urine samples from occupationally exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lucci
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Monica Gherardi
- INAIL-DiMEILA, Chemical Risk Laboratory, Monte Porzio Catone Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Fanali
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- School in Nanoscience and Advanced Technologies, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anita Scipioni
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Lucci E, Dal Bosco C, Antonelli L, Fanali C, Fanali S, Gentili A, Chankvetadze B. Enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatographic separations to study occurrence and fate of chiral pesticides in soil, water, and agricultural products. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Cao G, Zhang J, Wang W, Wu P, Ru Y, Cai Z. Mass spectrometry analysis of a ubiquitous tire rubber-derived quinone in the environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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4
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Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Composite Membranes for Solid-Phase Extraction of Pesticides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168374. [PMID: 34445079 PMCID: PMC8395051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled to LC/MS/MS analysis is a valid approach for the determination of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in liquid samples. To remove the greatest number of OMPs from environmental matrices, the development of innovative sorbent materials is crucial. Recently, much attention has been paid to inorganic nanosystems such as graphite-derived materials. Graphene oxide has been employed in water-purification processes, including the removal of several micropollutants such as dyes, flame retardants, or pharmaceutical products. Polysaccharides have also been widely used as convenient media for the dispersion of sorbent materials, thanks to their unique properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and low cost. In this work, chitosan-graphene oxide (CS_GO) composite membranes containing different amounts of GO were prepared and used as sorbents for the SPE of pesticides. To improve their dimensional stability in aqueous medium, the CS_GO membranes were surface crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. The composite systems were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, swelling degree, contact angle, and mechanical measurements. As the GO content increased, a decrease in surface homogeneity, an improvement of mechanical properties, and a reduction of thermal stability of the CS-based membranes were observed. The increased dimensional stability in water, together with the presence of high GO amounts, made the prepared composite membranes more efficacious than the ones based just on CS in isolating and preconcentrating different hydrophilic/hydrophobic pollutants.
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Validation and Use of an Accurate, Sensitive Method for Sample Preparation and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Determination of Different Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Dairy Products. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051040. [PMID: 34068704 PMCID: PMC8151977 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances capable of altering the human hormone system and causing various diseases such as infertility and cancer as a result. In this work, a method for determining twenty-three different EDCs including parabens, alkylphenols, phenylphenols, organophosphorus pesticides, bisphenol A and triclosan in dairy products was developed. Samples are conditioned by addition of acetonitrile containing 1% formic acid, centrifugation and clean-up of the extract by continuous solid-phase extraction. EDCs in the extract are derivatised by heating in a microwave oven and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The proposed method features good limits of detection (6-40 ng/kg) and precision (relative standard deviation < 7.6%); also, it is scarcely subject to matrix effects (1-20%). EDC recoveries from spiked samples ranged from 80 to 108%. The method was used to analyse a total of 33 samples of dairy products including cow, sheep and goat milk, yoghourt, milkshakes, cheese, cream, butter and custard. Bisphenol A was the individual contaminant detected in the greatest number of samples, at concentrations from 180 to 4800 ng/kg. 2-Phenylphenol and ethylparaben were found in more than one-half, at concentrations over the range 130-3500 and 89-4300 ng/kg, respectively. In contrast, alkylphenols, organophosphorus pesticides and triclosan were detected in none.
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6
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Deng ZH, Li N, Jiang HL, Lin JM, Zhao RS. Pretreatment techniques and analytical methods for phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in food and environmental samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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A review on structural elucidation of metabolites of environmental steroid hormones via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Li C, Jin F, Snyder SA. Recent advancements and future trends in analysis of nonylphenol ethoxylates and their degradation product nonylphenol in food and environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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A green solvent holder in electro-mediated microextraction for the extraction of phenols in water. Talanta 2018; 176:558-564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Ma XY, Wang XC, Wang D, Ngo HH, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Dai D. Function of a landscape lake in the reduction of biotoxicity related to trace organic chemicals from reclaimed water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 318:663-670. [PMID: 27475464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The storage of water in a landscape lake can act as a buffer zone between reclaimed water production and reuse, but there is still uncertainty about the variation of water quality and toxic effects during the open-storage process. In this study, long-term sample collection, chemical analyses and biotoxicity assessments were conducted on reclaimed water before and after open storage in a landscape lake. The organic contents, in terms of chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon, were found to be slightly higher in the lake water than that in the reclaimed water, but substantial reduction of the total concentration of 52 trace organic chemicals was obtained and microorganism toxicity, phytotoxicity, aquatic vertebrate toxicity and genotoxicity, were significantly weakened after open storage. Furthermore, the total risk quotient (RQTotal) decreased from 5.12 (potential ecological risk level) in the reclaimed water to 0.18 (negligible ecological risk level) in the lake water. The removal of chlorpyrifos, dichlorphos and tetracycline was identified as the main reason for biotoxicity reduction after open storage. The seminatural environment of the landscape lake would have provided a favorable condition for the decay of toxic trace organic chemicals so that the stored water turned to be safer for further reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Y Ma
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE; Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse; Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE; Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse; Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
| | - Donghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Qiuya Zhang
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE; Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse; Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Yongkun Wang
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE; Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse; Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Dinan Dai
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE; Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse; Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
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11
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Socas-Rodríguez B, Hernández-Borges J, Salazar P, Martín M, Rodríguez-Delgado MÁ. Core–shell polydopamine magnetic nanoparticles as sorbent in micro-dispersive solid-phase extraction for the determination of estrogenic compounds in water samples prior to high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1397:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Wang Y, Yu Y, Deng C, Wang J, Zhang BT. Synthesis of mesoporous MCM-41 supported reduced graphene oxide-Fe catalyst for heterogeneous Fenton degradation of phenol. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20066k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new heterogeneous Fenton catalyst, rGO-Fe/MCM-41, was developed. The incorporation of rGO was benefit for the activity of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences
- Ministry of Education
- School of Environment
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Yange Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences
- Ministry of Education
- School of Environment
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Caolin Deng
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jinggang Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Bo-Tao Zhang
- College of Water Sciences
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
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13
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Mass spectrometric screening and identification of acidic metabolites in fulvic acid fractions of contaminated groundwater. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:3415-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Adamusova H, Bosakova Z, Coufal P, Pacakova V. Analysis of estrogens and estrogen mimics in edible matrices--a review. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:885-905. [PMID: 24488827 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a brief survey of the biological effects of selected endocrine-disrupting compounds that are formed after internal exposure of organisms. Further, the present analytical methods available for the determination of these compounds in foodstuffs are critically evaluated. The attention is primarily devoted to the methods for sample pretreatment, which are the main source of errors and are usually the most time-consuming step of the whole analysis. This review is focused on selected natural and synthetic estrogens, estrogen conjugates, and chemical additives used in the plastic industry that can act as estrogen mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Adamusova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Vuković J, Jurišić Grubešić R, Kremeŕ D, Spaić A. One-step solid-phase UV spectrophotometric method for phenol determination in vaccines: Development and quality assessment. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934813120137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Clifton MS, Wargo JP, Weathers WS, Colón M, Bennett DH, Tulve NS. Quantitative analysis of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides, pyrethroid transformation products, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and bisphenol A in residential surface wipe samples. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1273:1-11. [PMID: 23265991 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Surface wipe sampling is a frequently used technique for measuring persistent pollutants in residential environments. One characteristic of this form of sampling is the need to extract the entire wipe sample to achieve adequate sensitivity and to ensure representativeness. Most surface wipe methods require collection of multiple samples for related chemicals or chemical classes having similar physiochemical properties. In an effort to analyze a broad suite of pollutants collected from a single surface wipe sample, we developed a new method for the analysis of selected organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides, pyrethroid transformation products (TPs), bisphenol A (BPA) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). This is the first time this suite of compounds has been analyzed from a single indoor wipe sample because of the issues uniquely related to these sample types, namely high levels of interfering compounds such as phthalate esters and other residues found in the indoor environment. This new method uses extraction via sonication followed by solvent exchange into hexane, clean-up and liquid/liquid extraction. The extract portion containing insecticides and PBDEs is further purified using solid phase extraction prior to concentration and analysis. The portion containing BPA and TPs is solvent exchanged into ethyl acetate before concentration and derivatization with 99:1 trimethylsilyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-(trimethylsilyl)acetimidate:chlorotrimethylsilane. Wipe extract sub-classes were then analyzed by GC/MS in electron impact mode for insecticides, BPA and TPs while negative chemical ionization mode was employed for PBDEs. Method detection limits were <16.4 pg/cm(2) for all compounds with most being <5 pg/cm². Over 400 samples, including QA/QC samples, were analyzed with mean surrogate recoveries ranging from 76 to 95%. The most frequently detected chemicals from our suite were chlorpyrifos, permethrin, bisphenol A, BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-100. Permethrin (107 pg/cm² on floors and 18 pg/cm² on windows) and bisphenol A (110 pg/cm² on floors and 6.8 pg/cm² on windows) had the highest concentrations measured in the wipe samples. Results from the method evaluation and routine sample analysis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Clifton
- Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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17
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Dendeni M, Cimetiere N, Amrane A, Hamida NB. Impurity profiling of trandolapril under stress testing: Structure elucidation of by-products and development of degradation pathway. Int J Pharm 2012; 438:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Development and optimisation of an on-line solid phase extraction coupled to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methodology for the simultaneous determination of endocrine disrupting compounds in wastewater samples. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1230:66-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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VUKOVIC J, MATSUOKA S, YOSHIMURA K, JURIŠIC GRUBEŠIC R, KREMER D, ŠANTIC N. Development and Validation of a Sensitive and Fast Solid-phase Spectrophotometric Procedure for Phenol Determination in Pharmaceuticals. ANAL SCI 2012; 28:397-402. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.28.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jadranka VUKOVIC
- Department of Analytics and Control of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb
| | - Shiro MATSUOKA
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Niigata University
| | | | - Renata JURIŠIC GRUBEŠIC
- Department of Analytics and Control of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb
| | - Dario KREMER
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany with Fran Kušan Botanical Garden, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb
| | - Nataša ŠANTIC
- Department of Analytics and Control of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb
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LaFleur AD, Schug KA. A review of separation methods for the determination of estrogens and plastics-derived estrogen mimics from aqueous systems. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 696:6-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Oliva-Teles MT, Delerue-Matos C, Nouws HPA, Alvim-Ferraz MCM. Chromatographic Techniques for the Determination of Free Phenol in Foundry Resins. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2010.520383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Application of a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe-based method for the simultaneous extraction of chlorophenols, alkylphenols, nitrophenols and cresols in agricultural soils, analyzed by using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5724-31. [PMID: 20684958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the different physico-chemical properties of phenols, the development of a methodology for the simultaneous extraction and determination of phenolic compounds belonging to several families, such as chlorophenols (CPs), alkylphenols (APs), nitrophenols (NTPs) and cresols is difficult. This study shows the development and validation of a method for the analysis of 13 phenolic compounds (including CPs, APs, NTPs and cresols) in agricultural soils. For this purpose, a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS)-based procedure was developed, validated and applied to the analysis of real samples. A derivatization step prior to the final determination by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to a triple quadrupole analyzer operating in tandem mass spectrometry (QqQ-MS/MS) was performed by using acetic acid anhydride (AAA) and pyridine (Py). The optimized procedure was validated, obtaining average extraction recoveries in the range 69-103% (10microgkg(-1)), 65-98% (50microgkg(-1)), 76-112% (100microgkg(-1)) and 76-112% (300microgkg(-1)), with precision values (expressed as relative standard deviation, RSD)< or =22% (except for 4-chlorophenol) involving intra-day and inter-day studies. Furthermore, 15 real soil samples were analyzed by the proposed method in order to assess its applicability. Some phenolic compounds (e.g. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol or 4-tert-octylphenol) were found in the samples at trace levels (<10microgkg(-1)).
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ZHANG H, ZHU J, FENG YL. On-line Enrichment and Measurement of Four Halogenated Phenols in Water Samples Using Pressure-Assisted Electrokinetic Injection–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2010; 26:1157-62. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.26.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiping ZHU
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Health Canada
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24
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Hu X, Peng J, Huang Y, Yin D, Liu J. Ionic liquids as mobile phase additives for high-performance liquid chromatography separation of phenoxy acid herbicides and phenols. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:4126-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Hollow fiber membrane supported thin liquid film extraction for determination of trace phenoxy acid herbicides and phenols in environmental water samples. Mikrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-009-0256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Determination of alkylphenol ethoxylates and their degradation products in liquid and solid samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Rubio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez-Bendito
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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