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Jongedijk E, Fifeik M, Arrizabalaga-Larrañaga A, Polzer J, Blokland M, Sterk S. Use of high-resolution mass spectrometry for veterinary drug multi-residue analysis. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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2
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Marlier D. Doping in Racing Pigeons ( Columba livia domestica): A Review and Actual Situation in Belgium, a Leading Country in This Field. Vet Sci 2022; 9:42. [PMID: 35202294 PMCID: PMC8880243 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigeon racing is a sport in which trained homing pigeons (Columba livia domestica) are released between 60 and 1200 km from their loft and then have to return home as quickly as possible. The first race was held in 1818 in Belgium and since then, Belgium has led the world in pigeon breeding. Unfortunately, as in other sports, doping has become a major issue and doping controls have been implemented. This review provides information about pigeon racing, rules from the Royal Federation Colombophile of Belgium, and laws applicable in Belgium as doping control issues cannot be understood without including them as part of pigeon racing. The main pharmacological data concerning corticoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anabolic steroids, pain relievers and narcotic analgesics, bronchodilators and β-agonists, drugs acting on the central nervous system and other performance-enhancing drugs, in addition to methods relevant to doping in pigeons are presented. Moreover, the chosen matrix and analytical methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Marlier
- Bird, Rabbit and Rodent Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, B4000 Liege, Belgium
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3
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Johnson SI, Baer MD, Raugei S. Protonation of Serine in Gas and Condensed and Microsolvated States in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem A 2021; 126:44-52. [PMID: 34941278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Identification of molecules and elucidation of their chemical structure are ubiquitous problems in chemistry. Mass spectrometry (MS) can be used due to its sensitivity and versatility. For detection to occur, analytes must be ionized and transferred to the gas phase. Soft ionization processes such as electrospray ionization are popular; however, resulting microsolvated phases can alter the chemistry of analytes and therefore detection and identification. To understand these processes, we use computational methods to probe the ionization propensity of serine in the gas phase, aqueous microsolvated clusters, and aqueous solution. We show that the tautomeric form of serine is altered by the presence of water, as five water molecules can stabilize the zwitterionic tautomer. Inclusion of cosolutes such as ions can stabilize the zwitterion with as few as one or two water molecules present. We demonstrate that ionization propensity, as measured by gas phase bacisity, can increase by over 100 kJ/mol when placed in a small water-serine cluster, showing the sensitivity of the chemistry of microsolvated analytes. Finally, detailed analysis reveals that small droplets (less than seven water molecules) are extremely sensitive to addition of further water molecules. Beyond this limit, structural and electronic properties change little with droplet size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha I Johnson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Marcel D Baer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Simone Raugei
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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4
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Alternative method’s results for the non targeted determination of xenobiotics in food by means of high resolution and accuracy mass spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-021-00086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe application of a high resolution and accurate mass spectrometry (HRAMS) approach to detect xenobiotics in different food matrices by means of non targeted determination by UHPLC-Orbitrap followed by data processing analysis was described. Three case studies were reported to demonstrate the possibility to identify unexpected substances in different food commodities overcomes targeted method. This innovative approach could lay the foundation for its applicability to routine analysis in the near future giving the possibility to open new horizons to the research of a wide range of xenobiotics.
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McCullagh M, Goscinny S, Palmer M, Ujma J. Investigations into pesticide charge site isomers using conventional IM and cIM systems. Talanta 2021; 234:122604. [PMID: 34364418 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of pesticides are being used around the world necessitating strict regulatory policies to guarantee consumer safety. Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) is a highly sensitive method for pesticide screening, which provides retention time, mass/charge ratios and the relative abundances of characteristic product ions. Variability in the latter necessitates relatively large tolerances (±30%, SANCO/12682/2019, current EU regulation). One cause of this variability may stem from the presence of different charge-site isomers (charge carrier being a proton, sodium cation, potassium cation and alike); each yielding a set of different product ions, of which the relative ratios are influenced by solution and ion source conditions. Consequently, varying relative abundances may be observed for analyte ions produced from calibration standards, chemical residues in food matrices and across different instruments. Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) is a fast, gas phase separation technique which can resolve charge-site isomers based on differences in their collisional cross sections (CCSs). We previously used the IM device embedded in LC-IM-MS geometry to generate a pesticide CCS database and subsequently focussed upon identification of pesticides which form charge-site isomers. Latterly, we applied this approach to screen food commodities for pesticide residues. In some instances, isomer separation was clear, however sometimes broad, unresolved distributions were observed. Using a high-resolution cyclic IM device (cIM) we resolved and determined CCS values of species of indoxacarb, spinosad, fenpyroximate, epoxiconazole, metaflumizone and avermectin. Furthermore, utilising novel cIM functionalities (tandem-IM) we discovered that two spinosyn sodimers can interconvert in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Séverine Goscinny
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, 14, Rue Juliette Wytsman, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Palmer
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, UK
| | - Jakub Ujma
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, UK
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6
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Non-targeted screening workflows for gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis and identification of biomagnifying contaminants in biota samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 413:479-501. [PMID: 33156400 PMCID: PMC7806533 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The health of key species in the Baltic region has been impaired by exposure to anthropogenic hazardous substances (AHSs), which accumulate in organisms and are transferred through food chains. There is, thus, a need for comprehensive characterization of the occurrence and accumulation of AHSs in the ecosystem. In this study, we use a non-target screening (NTS) approach for this purpose. A major challenge in NTS of biological samples is the removal of matrix components such as lipids that may interfere with the detection and identification of compounds of interest. Here, we combine gel permeation chromatography with Florisil® column fractionation to achieve sufficient lipid removal for gas chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis using electron ionization (EI) and electron capture negative ion chemical ionization (ECNI). In addition, we present new data processing workflows designed to systematically find and identify frequently occurring and biomagnifying AHSs, including known, emerging, and new contaminants. Using these workflows, we discovered a wide range of contaminants in tissue samples from blue mussels, fish, and marine mammals, and calculated their biomagnification factors (BMFs). Compounds with BMFs above 1 for herring and at least one marine mammal included legacy chlorinated pollutants (polychlorinated biphenyls, DDTs, chloro-benzenes/cyclohexanes, chlordanes, toxaphenes, dieldrin), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and brominated biphenyls. However, there were also several halogenated natural products (halogenated methoxylated brominated diphenyl ethers, 1′-methyl-1,2′-bipyrroles, 1,1′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyrroles, and the halogenated monoterpene mixed halogenated compound 1) as well as the novel flame retardant Dechlorane 602 and several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, terpenoids, and steroids. The legacy pollutants exhibited the expected biomagnification behavior, demonstrating the utility of the unguided data processing workflow. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Li X, Chi Q, Xia S, Pan Y, Chen Y, Wang K. Untargeted multi-residue method for the simultaneous determination of 141 veterinary drugs and their metabolites in pork by high-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461671. [PMID: 33166891 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, simple and generic analytical method has been developed for the analysis of veterinary drugs in pork by a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS). This method allows for the simultaneous identification, screening and quantitation of 141 veterinary drug residues and metabolites from eighteen different classes. After extraction with acetonitrile/water and clean-up with C18 cartridges, the samples were analyzed by HPLC-Q-TOF MS. Validation of this method consisted of confirmation of identity, selectivity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), lowest limit of quantification (LLOQ), matrix effect, recovery, precision and applicability of the method. Identification of the analytes was based on accurate mass measurements. The characteristic fragments were obtained by collisional experiments for a more reliable identification. The procedure was then applied to real pork samples. Sulfamethazine was detected in one sample and its metabolites were successfully found in one single run. This approach proved to be satisfactory for routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Li
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiuchi Chi
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sujie Xia
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Amelin VG, Bol’shakov DS, Podkolzin IV. Rapid Screening and Determination of Residual Amounts of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Foods by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820070023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Klein DJ, Anthony TG, McKeever KH. Metabolomics in equine sport and exercise. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:140-148. [PMID: 32511844 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
metabolomics is the high-throughput, multiparametric identification and classification of hundreds of low molecular weight metabolites in a biological sample. Ultimately, metabolites are the downstream readouts of cellular signalling, transcriptomic and proteomic changes that can provide a comprehensive view of tissue and organismal phenotype. The popularity of metabolomics in human sport and exercise has been gaining over the past decade and has provided important insights into the energetic demands and mechanistic underpinnings of exercise and training. To the contrary, metabolomics in the field of equine exercise physiology is lagging despite the horse's superior aerobic and muscular capabilities, as well as its prominence in competitive sport. As such, this narrative review aims to describe metabolomics, its routine implementation, the various analytical methods applied and the state of its use in the equine athlete. Sufficient attention will be paid to methodological considerations, as well as gaps in the equine literature, particularly with regard to the skeletal muscle metabolome. Finally, there will be a brief discussion of the future directions and barriers to metabolomics use in the athletic horse. A thorough understanding of the metabolomics changes that occur in the equine athlete with exercise will undoubtedly help to improve horse management and health across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Klein
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tracy G Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kenneth H McKeever
- Rutgers Equine Science Center, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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10
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Gas chromatography in combination with fast high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Technical overview and perspectives for data visualization. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Goscinny S, McCullagh M, Far J, De Pauw E, Eppe G. Towards the use of ion mobility mass spectrometry derived collision cross section as a screening approach for unambiguous identification of targeted pesticides in food. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33 Suppl 2:34-48. [PMID: 30677180 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mass spectrometry (MS) is the reference method for the screening of ultra-trace residues of pesticides in food because MS offers the required selectivity/sensitivity to gather information and enable the analyst to make informed decisions during the identification process. Here we present and discuss the use of collision cross section (CCS) values in addition to mass accuracy and retention times in a pesticide screening method that integrates all the features offered by coupling ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMS-MS). METHODS All experiments were carried out using UHPLC coupled to a travelling wave ion mobility mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source working in positive mode. An in-house library containing 200 pesticides was built using standard solutions and used as reference for a TWCCS calibration study. Matrix extracts were analyzed to evaluate the performance of different screening workflows based on TWCCS, mass accuracy and retention times. RESULTS The results proved that TWCCS values are very consistent, as the measured values do not differ more than 1% from the in-house reference data library and emphasized the importance of the first low m/z mobility calibration point to guarantee full independence from instrument parameters and calibrant. The screening procedure was simplified to a single step by fully exploiting the content of ion mobility without generating any false detections, either positive or negative, from spiked samples and a previous proficiency test. CONCLUSIONS The screening approach proposed in this study is unconventional and based on large mass accuracy (20 ppm) and retention time windows (0.5 min) to capture, in a first step, a maximum of detected compounds. Compounds of interest are then identified by comparing measured collision cross sections with the measured reference library collision cross sections (with relative error tolerance lower than 2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Goscinny
- Sciensano, 14, rue Juliette Wytsman, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- MolSys Research Unit, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, University of Liège, 3 Allée de la chimie B6C, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Johann Far
- MolSys Research Unit, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, University of Liège, 3 Allée de la chimie B6C, Liège, Belgium
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- MolSys Research Unit, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, University of Liège, 3 Allée de la chimie B6C, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- MolSys Research Unit, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, University of Liège, 3 Allée de la chimie B6C, Liège, Belgium
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Hunt H, Fraser K, Cave NJ, Gartrell BD, Petersen J, Roe WD. Untargeted metabolic profiling of dogs with a suspected toxic mitochondrial myopathy using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Toxicon 2019; 166:46-55. [PMID: 31102596 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
'Go Slow myopathy' (GSM) is a suspected toxic myopathy in dogs that primarily occurs in the North Island of New Zealand, and affected dogs usually have a history of consuming meat, offal or bones from wild pigs (including previously frozen and/or cooked meat). Previous epidemiological and pathological studies on GSM have demonstrated that changes in mitochondrial structure and function are most likely caused by an environmental toxin that dogs are exposed to through the ingestion of wild pig. The disease has clinical, histological and biochemical similarities to poisoning in people and animals from the plant Ageratina altissima (white snakeroot). Aqueous and lipid extracts were prepared from liver samples of 24 clinically normal dogs and 15 dogs with GSM for untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Group-wise comparisons of mass spectral data revealed 38 features that were significantly different (FDR<0.05) between normal dogs and those with GSM in aqueous extracts, and 316 significantly different features in lipid extracts. No definitive cause of the myopathy was identified, but alkaloids derived from several plant species were among the possible identities of features that were more abundant in liver samples from affected dogs compared to normal dogs. Mass spectral data also revealed that dogs with GSM have reduced hepatic phospholipid and sphingolipid concentrations relative to normal dogs. In addition, affected dogs had changes in the abundance of kynurenic acid, various dicarboxylic acids and N-acetylated branch chain amino acids, suggestive of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hunt
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - K Fraser
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - N J Cave
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - B D Gartrell
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J Petersen
- Norvet Services Ltd., Okaihau, New Zealand
| | - W D Roe
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Tejada-Casado C, Hernández-Mesa M, Monteau F, Lara FJ, Olmo-Iruela MD, García-Campaña AM, Le Bizec B, Dervilly-Pinel G. Collision cross section (CCS) as a complementary parameter to characterize human and veterinary drugs. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1043:52-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Amelin VG, Avdeeva NM. Determination of Penicillins G and V in Vegetables and Fruits by Exact Masses of Ions of Protonated Adducts with Methanol by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography‒Time-of-Flight High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481807002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Jakšić SM, Ratajac RD, Prica NB, Apić JB, Ljubojević DB, Žekić Stošić MZ, Živkov Baloš MM. Methods of Determination of Antibiotic Residues in Honey. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934818040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Garg N, Hansson A, Knych HK, Stanley SD, Thevis M, Bondesson U, Hedeland M, Globisch D. Structural elucidation of major selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) metabolites for doping control. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:698-702. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob03030d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Elucidated and validated structure of the major SARM doping drug metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Garg
- Science for Life Laboratory
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Annelie Hansson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Heather K. Knych
- K. L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Veterinary Medicine
- University of California
- Davis
- USA
| | - Scott D. Stanley
- K. L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Veterinary Medicine
- University of California
- Davis
- USA
| | - Mario Thevis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Preventive Doping Research
- German Sport University
- Cologne
- Germany
| | - Ulf Bondesson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Mikael Hedeland
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Daniel Globisch
- Science for Life Laboratory
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
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Chen Q, Pan XD, Huang BF, Han JL. Quantification of 16 β-lactams in chicken muscle by QuEChERS extraction and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS with parallel reaction monitoring. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:525-530. [PMID: 28756171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A method is described for the analysis of 16 β-lactams in chicken muscle by UPLC-quadrupole(Q)-Orbitrap-MS with parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). QuEChERS approach includes clean-up step by sorbent of primary-secondary amine (PSA) and C18 was adopted for sample preparation. Q-Orbitrap with PRM showed high sensitivity with limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.01μgkg-1 to 0.35μgkg-1. The method was further validated by intra- and inter-day test with spiking levels less than MRLs (maximum residue limits, the European Union). Recovery (83-112%) and precision values (RSDs <15%) for all studied analytes were obtained. The result indicates that UPLC-Q-Orbitrap coupled with QuEChERS preparation can serve as a routine quantification method for β-lactam residues in chicken muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Bai-Fen Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Long Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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Livestock metabolomics and the livestock metabolome: A systematic review. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177675. [PMID: 28531195 PMCID: PMC5439675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics uses advanced analytical chemistry techniques to comprehensively measure large numbers of small molecule metabolites in cells, tissues and biofluids. The ability to rapidly detect and quantify hundreds or even thousands of metabolites within a single sample is helping scientists paint a far more complete picture of system-wide metabolism and biology. Metabolomics is also allowing researchers to focus on measuring the end-products of complex, hard-to-decipher genetic, epigenetic and environmental interactions. As a result, metabolomics has become an increasingly popular “omics” approach to assist with the robust phenotypic characterization of humans, crop plants and model organisms. Indeed, metabolomics is now routinely used in biomedical, nutritional and crop research. It is also being increasingly used in livestock research and livestock monitoring. The purpose of this systematic review is to quantitatively and objectively summarize the current status of livestock metabolomics and to identify emerging trends, preferred technologies and important gaps in the field. In conducting this review we also critically assessed the applications of livestock metabolomics in key areas such as animal health assessment, disease diagnosis, bioproduct characterization and biomarker discovery for highly desirable economic traits (i.e., feed efficiency, growth potential and milk production). A secondary goal of this critical review was to compile data on the known composition of the livestock metabolome (for 5 of the most common livestock species namely cattle, sheep, goats, horses and pigs). These data have been made available through an open access, comprehensive livestock metabolome database (LMDB, available at http://www.lmdb.ca). The LMDB should enable livestock researchers and producers to conduct more targeted metabolomic studies and to identify where further metabolome coverage is needed.
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Screening of over 100 drugs in horse urine using automated on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry for doping control. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1490:89-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Li XQ, Zhang QH, Yang Z, Li HM, Huang DF. The effects of isotope-labeled analogs on the LC-IDMS measurement by comparison of ESI responses and matrix effect of melamine, 13C3-melamine, 13C3+15N3-melamine, and 15N3-melamine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:3233-3243. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lindholm-Lehto PC, Ahkola HSJ, Knuutinen JS. Procedures of determining organic trace compounds in municipal sewage sludge-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4383-4412. [PMID: 27966086 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is the largest by-product generated during the wastewater treatment process. Since large amounts of sludge are being produced, different ways of disposal have been introduced. One tempting option is to use it as fertilizer in agricultural fields due to its high contents of inorganic nutrients. This, however, can be limited by the amount of trace contaminants in the sewage sludge, containing a variety of microbiological pollutants and pathogens but also inorganic and organic contaminants. The bioavailability and the effects of trace contaminants on the microorganisms of soil are still largely unknown as well as their mixture effects. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the sludge to test its suitability before further use. In this article, a variety of sampling, pretreatment, extraction, and analysis methods have been reviewed. Additionally, different organic trace compounds often found in the sewage sludge and their methods of analysis have been compiled. In addition to traditional Soxhlet extraction, the most common extraction methods of organic contaminants in sludge include ultrasonic extraction (USE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by instrumental analysis based on gas or liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra C Lindholm-Lehto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Heidi S J Ahkola
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Survontie 9 A, FI-40500, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha S Knuutinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Berendsen BJA, Meijer T, Mol HGJ, van Ginkel L, Nielen MWF. A global inter-laboratory study to assess acquisition modes for multi-compound confirmatory analysis of veterinary drugs using liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole, time of flight and orbitrap mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 962:60-72. [PMID: 28231881 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
According to EU legislation a confirmatory method used for residue analysis should be able to confirm the identity of a compound beyond reasonable doubt. To provide an adequate instrumental set-up, Commission Decision 2002/657/EC introduced the concept of "identification points". A second aspect to assure unequivocal confirmation, is the establishment of ion ratio and retention time criteria. Currently, the gold standard for confirmatory analysis of most veterinary drug residues is liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) acquisition mode, isolating one precursor ion and monitoring two a priori selected product ions, yielding 4 identification points. We comprehensively evaluated the use of different low and high resolution LC-MS(/MS) techniques and acquisition modes with respect to the selectivity of 100 veterinary drugs in liver, muscle and urine extracts aiming to critically review the currently established identification points system. A comparison among MS/MS in SRM mode with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in full scan, all ion fragmentation and targeted MS/MS was made based on a unique inter-laboratory study, which comprises 21 laboratories from four different continents and equipment from all major vendors. In total 186 samples were analysed yielding results for 9282 analyte/matrix combinations. It was observed that the false positive rate approximately doubles if no ion ratio criterion is applied indicating that this criterion is important to prevent false positive results. Full scan HRMS analysis, only monitoring the molecular ion and allowing a ±5 ppm mass tolerance is, in general, less selective than low resolution MS/MS using SRM, and thus full scan alone is considered not sufficient for confirmatory analysis. Furthermore, even though the number of data on all ion fragmentation and targeted MS/MS at high resolution was limited, based on the data obtained, it was observed that the acquisition mode as well as the mass resolution needed, very much depend on the matrix and the compound itself. For complex matrix extracts and non-selective compounds (worst-case situation), only targeted MS/MS, monitoring the precursor ion and a single product ion in HR-MS using a maximum of ±5 ppm mass deviation, leads to comparable selectivity and false positive and negative rate as SRM monitoring two product ions in LR-MS. We conclude that the currently applied identification point system as established in commission decision 2002/657/EC should be revised with respect to the allocation of identification points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn J A Berendsen
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Thijs Meijer
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans G J Mol
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leen van Ginkel
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Bidny S, Gago K, Chung P, Albertyn D, Pasin D. Simultaneous Screening and Quantification of Basic, Neutral and Acidic Drugs in Blood Using UPLC-QTOF-MS. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 41:181-195. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkw118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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25
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Han S, Zhou T, Yin B, He P. A sensitive and semi-quantitative method for determination of multi-drug residues in animal body fluids using multiplex dipstick immunoassay. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 927:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Kim J, Suh JH, Cho HD, Kang W, Choi YS, Han SB. Analytical method for fast screening and confirmation of multi-class veterinary drug residues in fish and shrimp by LC-MS/MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:420-32. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1139752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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de Jong J, López P, Mol H, Baeten V, Fernández Pierna JA, Vermeulen P, Vincent U, Boix A, von Holst C, Tomaniova M, Hajslova J, Yang Z, Han L, MacDonald S, Haughey SA, Elliott CT. Analytical strategies for the early quality and safety assurance in the global feed chain. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Guo B, Wang M, Liu Y, Zhou J, Dai H, Huang Z, Shen L, Zhang Q, Chen B. Wide-Scope Screening of Illegal Adulterants in Dietary and Herbal Supplements via Rapid Polarity-Switching and Multistage Accurate Mass Confirmation Using an LC-IT/TOF Hybrid Instrument. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6954-6967. [PMID: 26189662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new analytical strategy was developed that integrates a generic sample preparation into a liquid chromatography-multistage ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-IT(MS(n))/TOF), allowing for large-scale screening and qualitative confirmation of wide-scope illegal adulterants in different food matrices. Samples were pretreated by a fast single-tube multifunction extraction for accurate multistage mass measurement on the hybrid LC-IT/TOF system. A qualitative validation performed for over 500 analyte-matrix pairs showed the method can reduce most of the matrix effects and achieve a lower limit of confirmation at 0.1 mg/kg for 73% of the target compounds. A unique combination of dual-polarity detection, retention time, isotopic profile, and accurate MS(n) spectra enables more comprehensive and precise confirmation, based on the multiparameter matching by automated library searching against the user-created database. Finally, the applicability of this LC-IT(MS(n))/TOF-based screening procedure for discriminating coeluting isobars, identifying nontarget adulterants, and even tentatively elucidating unexpected species in real samples is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meiling Wang
- §Hunan Academy of Inspection and Quarantine and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China, Changsha 410004, China
| | | | | | - Hua Dai
- §Hunan Academy of Inspection and Quarantine and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- §Hunan Academy of Inspection and Quarantine and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Lingling Shen
- #Guangzhou Branch, Shimadzu (China) Co., Limited,7FL,T. P. Plaza, 9/109 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Qingsheng Zhang
- ΔNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
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De Dominicis E, Commissati I, Gritti E, Catellani D, Suman M. Quantitative targeted and retrospective data analysis of relevant pesticides, antibiotics and mycotoxins in bakery products by liquid chromatography-single-stage Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1061703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Desorption electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry for the screening of veterinary drugs in cross-contaminated feedstuffs. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:7369-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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31
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Sanchis Y, Coscollà C, Roca M, Yusà V. Target analysis of primary aromatic amines combined with a comprehensive screening of migrating substances in kitchen utensils by liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 138:290-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Kolkman A, Martijn BJ, Vughs D, Baken KA, van Wezel AP. Tracing nitrogenous disinfection byproducts after medium pressure UV water treatment by stable isotope labeling and high resolution mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:4458-4465. [PMID: 25760315 DOI: 10.1021/es506063h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes are important barriers for organic micropollutants (e.g., pharmaceuticals, pesticides) in (drinking) water treatment. Studies indicate that medium pressure (MP) UV/H2O2 treatment leads to a positive response in Ames mutagenicity tests, which is then removed after granulated activated carbon (GAC) filtration. The formed potentially mutagenic substances were hitherto not identified and may result from the reaction of photolysis products of nitrate with (photolysis products of) natural organic material (NOM). In this study we present an innovative approach to trace the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) of MP UV water treatment, based on stable isotope labeled nitrate combined with high resolution mass spectrometry. It was shown that after MP UV treatment of artificial water containing NOM and nitrate, multiple nitrogen containing substances were formed. In total 84 N-DBPs were detected at individual concentrations between 1 to 135 ng/L bentazon-d6 equivalents, with a summed concentration of 1.2 μg/L bentazon-d6 equivalents. The chemical structures of three byproducts were confirmed. Screening for the 84 N-DBPs in water samples from a full-scale drinking water treatment plant based on MP UV/H2O2 treatment showed that 22 of the N-DBPs found in artificial water were also detected in real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Kolkman
- †KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Bram J Martijn
- ‡PWN Water Supply Company North Holland, P.O. Box 2046, 1990 AA, Velserbroek, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Vughs
- †KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten A Baken
- †KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie P van Wezel
- †KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- §Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Berendsen BJA, Wegh RS, Meijer T, Nielen MWF. The assessment of selectivity in different Quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry acquisition modes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:337-346. [PMID: 25391727 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-1021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Selectivity of the confirmation of identity in liquid chromatography (tandem) mass spectrometry using Q-Orbitrap instrumentation was assessed using different acquisition modes based on a representative experimental data set constructed from 108 samples, including six different matrix extracts and containing over 100 analytes each. Single stage full scan, all ion fragmentation, and product ion scanning were applied. By generating reconstructed ion chromatograms using unit mass window in targeted MS(2), selected reaction monitoring (SRM), regularly applied using triple-quadrupole instruments, was mimicked. This facilitated the comparison of single stage full scan, all ion fragmentation, (mimicked) SRM, and product ion scanning applying a mass window down to 1 ppm. Single factor Analysis of Variance was carried out on the variance (s(2)) of the mass error to determine which factors and interactions are significant parameters with respect to selectivity. We conclude that selectivity is related to the target compound (mainly the mass defect), the matrix, sample clean-up, concentration, and mass resolution. Selectivity of the different instrumental configurations was quantified by counting the number of interfering peaks observed in the chromatograms. We conclude that precursor ion selection significantly contributes to selectivity: monitoring of a single product ion at high mass accuracy with a 1 Da precursor ion window proved to be equally selective or better to monitoring two transition products in mimicked SRM. In contrast, monitoring a single fragment in all ion fragmentation mode results in significantly lower selectivity versus mimicked SRM. After a thorough inter-laboratory evaluation study, the results of this study can be used for a critical reassessment of the current identification points system and contribute to the next generation of evidence-based and robust performance criteria in residue analysis and sports doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn J A Berendsen
- RIKILT, Wageningen UR, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands,
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Hernández F, Ibáñez M, Portolés T, Cervera MI, Sancho JV, López FJ. Advancing towards universal screening for organic pollutants in waters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 282:86-95. [PMID: 25204505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental analytical chemists face the challenge of investigating thousands of potential organic pollutants that may be present in the aquatic environment. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) hyphenated to chromatography offers the possibility of detecting a large number of contaminants without pre-selection of analytes due to its accurate-mass full-spectrum acquisition at good sensitivity. Interestingly, large screening can be made even without reference standards, as the valuable information provided by HRMS allows the tentative identification of the compound detected. In this work, hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) MS was combined with both liquid and gas chromatography (using a single instrument) for screening of around 2000 compounds in waters. This was feasible thanks to the use of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source in GC. The screening was qualitatively validated for around 300 compounds at three levels (0.02, 0.1, 0.5μg/L), and screening detection limits were established. Surface, ground water and effluent wastewater samples were analyzed, detecting and identifying a notable number of pesticides and transformation products, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and illicit drugs, among others. This is one of the most universal approaches in terms of comprehensive measurement for broad screening of organic contaminants within a large range of polarity and volatility in waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Hernández
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071 Castellón, Spain.
| | - María Ibáñez
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Tania Portolés
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - María I Cervera
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan V Sancho
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Francisco J López
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
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Nováková L, Grand-Guillaume Perrenoud A, Nicoli R, Saugy M, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Ultra high performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry for screening of doping agents. I: Investigation of mobile phase and MS conditions. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 853:637-646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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The development and validation of a rapid method for the determination of antimicrobial agent residues in milk and meat using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole – Orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 102:184-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Emerging Contaminants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63340-8.00010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Abstract
The abuse of unknown designer androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) is considered to be an issue of significant importance, as AAS are the choice of doping preference according to World Anti-doping Agency statistics. In addition, unknown designer AAS are preferred since the World Anti-doping Agency mass spectrometric identification criteria cannot be applied to unknown molecules. Consequently, cheating athletes have a strong motive to use designer AAS in order to both achieve performance enhancement and to escape from testing positive in anti-doping tests. To face the problem, a synergy is required between the anti-doping analytical science and sports anti-doping regulations. This Review examines various aspects of the designer AAS. First, the structural modifications of the already known AAS to create new designer molecules are explained. A list of the designer synthetic and endogenous AAS is then presented. Second, we discuss progress in the detection of designer AAS using: mass spectrometry and bioassays; analytical data processing of the unknown designer AAS; metabolite synthesis; and, long-term storage of urine and blood samples. Finally, the introduction of regulations from sports authorities as preventive measures for long-term storage and reprocessing of samples, initially reported as negatives, is discussed.
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Abdallah H, Arnaudguilhem C, Jaber F, Lobinski R. Multiresidue analysis of 22 sulfonamides and their metabolites in animal tissues using quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction and high resolution mass spectrometry (hybrid linear ion trap-Orbitrap). J Chromatogr A 2014; 1355:61-72. [PMID: 24958033 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) method was developed for a simultaneous multi-residue analysis of 22 sulfonamides (SAs) and their metabolites in edible animal (pig, beef, sheep and chicken) tissues. Sample preparation was optimized on the basis of the "QuEChERS" protocol. The analytes were identified using their LC retention times and accurate mass; the identification was further confirmed by multi-stage high mass accuracy (<5ppm) mass spectrometry. The performance of the method was evaluated according to the EU guidelines for the validation of screening methods for the analysis of veterinary drugs residues. Acceptable values were obtained for: linearity (R(2)<0.99), limit of detection (LOD, 3-26μg/kg), limit of quantification (LOQ, 11-88μg/kg), accuracy (recovery 88-112%), intra- and inter-day precision 1-14 and 1-17%, respectively, decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) around the maximum residue limits (MRL) of SAs (100μg/kg). The method was validated by analysis of a reference material FAPAS-02188 "Pig kidney" with ǀ Z-scoreǀ<0.63. The method was applied to various matrices (kidney, liver, muscle) originated from pig, beef, sheep, and chicken) allowing the simultaneous quantification of target sulfonamides at concentration levels above the MRL/2 and the identification of untargeted compounds such as N(4)-acetyl metabolites using multi-stage high mass accuracy mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abdallah
- CNRSL, Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC), Laboratory for Analysis of Organic Compound (LAOC), Beirut, Lebanon; CNRS/UPPA, Laboratory of Bio-Inorganic Analytical and Environmental Chemistry (LCABIE), UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2, Av. President Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - C Arnaudguilhem
- CNRS/UPPA, Laboratory of Bio-Inorganic Analytical and Environmental Chemistry (LCABIE), UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2, Av. President Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - F Jaber
- CNRSL, Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC), Laboratory for Analysis of Organic Compound (LAOC), Beirut, Lebanon; Laboratory of Analysis of Organic Compounds (509), Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - R Lobinski
- CNRS/UPPA, Laboratory of Bio-Inorganic Analytical and Environmental Chemistry (LCABIE), UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2, Av. President Angot, 64053 Pau, France; Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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Agrawal K, Ebel JG, Bischoff K. A rapid screen for four corticosteroids in equine synovial fluid. J Anal Toxicol 2014; 38:272-9. [PMID: 24713534 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bku030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most antidoping method development in the equine industry has been for plasma and urine, though there has been recent interest in the analysis of synovial fluid for evidence of doping by intra-articular corticosteroid injection. Published methods for corticosteroid analysis in synovial fluid are primarily singleplex methods, do not screen for all corticosteroids of interest and are not adequately sensitive. The purpose of this study is to develop a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) screening method for the detection of four of the most common intra-articularly administered corticosteroids--betamethasone, methylprednisolone, methylprednisolone acetate and triamcinolone acetonide. Sample preparation consisted of protein precipitation followed by a basified liquid-liquid extraction. LC-MS-MS experiments consisted of a six-min isocratic separation using a Phenomenex Polar-RP stationary phase and a mobile phase consisting of 35% acetonitrile, 5 mM ammonium acetate and 0.1% formic acid in nanopure water. The detection system used was a triple quadrupole mass analyzer with thermospray ionization, and compounds were identified using selective reaction monitoring. The method was validated to the ISO/IEC 17025 standard, and real synovial fluid samples were analyzed to demonstrate the application of the method in an antidoping context. The method was highly selective for the four corticosteroids with limits of detection of 1-3 ng/mL. The extraction efficiency was 50-101%, and the matrix effects were 14-31%. These results indicate that the method is a rapid and sensitive screen for the four corticosteroids in equine synovial fluid, fit for purpose for equine antidoping assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Agrawal
- 1Department of Forensic and Analytical Science, King's College London, London, UK
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42
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Kaklamanos G, Vincent U, von Holst C. Multi-residue method for the detection of veterinary drugs in distillers grains by liquid chromatography–Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1322:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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43
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The latest developments and applications of mass spectrometry in food-safety and quality analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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44
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A generic screening methodology for horse doping control by LC–TOF-MS, GC–HRMS and GC–MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 941:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Jamin EL, Bonvallot N, Tremblay-Franco M, Cravedi JP, Chevrier C, Cordier S, Debrauwer L. Untargeted profiling of pesticide metabolites by LC-HRMS: an exposomics tool for human exposure evaluation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:1149-61. [PMID: 23892877 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to xenobiotics is usually estimated by indirect methods. Biological monitoring has emerged during the last decade to improve assessment of exposure. However, biomonitoring is still an analytical challenge, because the amounts of sample available are often very small yet analysis must be as thorough and sensitive as possible. The purpose of this work was to develop an untargeted "exposomics" approach by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), which was applied to the characterization of pesticide metabolites in urine from pregnant women from a French epidemiological cohort. An upgradable list of pesticides commonly used on different crops, with their metabolites (more than 400 substances) was produced. Raw MS data were then processed to extract signals from these substances. Metabolites were identified by tandem mass spectrometry; putative identifications were validated by comparison with standards and metabolites generated by experiments on animals. Finally, signals of identified compounds were statistically analyzed by use of multivariate methods. This enabled discrimination of exposure groups, defined by indirect methods, on the basis of four metabolites from two fungicides (azoxystrobin, fenpropimorph) used in cereal production. This original approach applied to pesticide exposure can be extended to a variety of contaminant families for upstream evaluation of exposure from food and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilien L Jamin
- INRA, UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027, Toulouse, France,
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Wide-scope analysis of veterinary drug and pesticide residues in animal feed by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:6543-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kaufmann A, Walker S. Post-run target screening strategy for ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap based veterinary drug residue analysis in animal urine. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1292:104-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Thevis M, Thomas A, Pop V, Schänzer W. Ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography–(tandem) mass spectrometry in human sports drug testing: Possibilities and limitations. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1292:38-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Nerin C, Alfaro P, Aznar M, Domeño C. The challenge of identifying non-intentionally added substances from food packaging materials: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 775:14-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bijlsma L, Emke E, Hernández F, de Voogt P. Performance of the linear ion trap Orbitrap mass analyzer for qualitative and quantitative analysis of drugs of abuse and relevant metabolites in sewage water. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 768:102-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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