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Sharma R, Nath PC, Lodh BK, Mukherjee J, Mahata N, Gopikrishna K, Tiwari ON, Bhunia B. Rapid and sensitive approaches for detecting food fraud: A review on prospects and challenges. Food Chem 2024; 454:139817. [PMID: 38805929 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Precise and reliable analytical techniques are required to guarantee food quality in light of the expanding concerns regarding food safety and quality. Because traditional procedures are expensive and time-consuming, quick food control techniques are required to ensure product quality. Various analytical techniques are used to identify and detect food fraud, including spectroscopy, chromatography, DNA barcoding, and inotrope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Due to its quick findings, simplicity of use, high throughput, affordability, and non-destructive evaluations of numerous food matrices, NI spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging are financially preferred in the food business. The applicability of this technology has increased with the development of chemometric techniques and near-infrared spectroscopy-based instruments. The current research also discusses the use of several multivariate analytical techniques in identifying food fraud, such as principal component analysis, partial least squares, cluster analysis, multivariate curve resolutions, and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Sharma
- Bioproducts Processing Research Laboratory (BPRL), Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India; Department of Food Technology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641062, India.
| | - Pinku Chandra Nath
- Bioproducts Processing Research Laboratory (BPRL), Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India.
| | - Bibhab Kumar Lodh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala-799046, India.
| | - Jayanti Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, CMR College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad- 501401, Telangana, India.
| | - Nibedita Mahata
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur-713209.
| | - Konga Gopikrishna
- SEED Division, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Onkar Nath Tiwari
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Biswanath Bhunia
- Bioproducts Processing Research Laboratory (BPRL), Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India.
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2
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Bai Z, Zhao Z, Wang S, Li H, Chen DDY. Ambient mass spectrometry imaging of food natural products by angled direct analysis in real time high-resolution mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2024; 454:139802. [PMID: 38797098 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Direct surface analysis in ambient conditions provides information on the position and chemical composition of an object at the time of investigation. An angled sampling probe is developed in this work for direct analysis in real time (DART) ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. The DART ion source and the interface were modified for improved surface resolution, increased ion transfer efficiency, as well as enabling two-dimensional surface scanning. The angled probe DART-MS system was used for investigating a variety of food samples including fruit peels, ginseng root, plant leaves and sections of radish. Abundant signals and distinct chemical profiles are obtained in seconds, and spatial distribution of different molecules across the sample surfaces can be observed. In addition, the developed system can quickly identify the chemical changes when the surfaces were treated. The method is capable of directly evaluating food sample surfaces with different shapes, hardness, and conditions, without any sample pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiru Bai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhengyan Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Saiting Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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3
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Wang W, Liu T, Wang X, Chen F, Feng X, Zhang F. Fully Integrated Recognition and Enrichment Electrospray Ionization Source for High-Sensitivity Mass Spectrometry Determination of Bioamine. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39178331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
The development of a highly specific recognition electrospray ionization source presents a major challenge for achieving rapid ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) detection of trace harmful substances in complex samples. In this study, we constructed a molecular imprinting nanofiber electrospinning membrane-coated steel substrate (MINMCS) based on the electrospinning strategy. This was designed as a highly specific recognition and enrichment electrospray ionization source module for AMS, where the molecular imprinting nanofiber membrane served as an excellent extraction and enrichment layer. The prepared ionization source demonstrated a sufficient loading capacity for three bioamines (BAs): histamine (HIS), tyramine (TYR), and tryptamine (TRY). With simplified sample pretreatment, this ionization source exhibited sensitivity comparable to that of high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Moreover, the entire analysis process could be completed within 1 min with acceptable recoveries (83.21-101.80%). In brief, this study introduces a new integrated recognition and enrichment electrospray ionization source for the detection of harmful substances such as bioamines, showcasing significant commercial potential for the rapid detection of foodborne harmful compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilai Wang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Fengming Chen
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xuesong Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
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4
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Batista Junior AC, Bernardo RA, Rocha YA, Vaz BG, Chalom MY, Jardim AC, Chaves AR. An Agile and Accurate Approach for N-Nitrosamines Detection and Quantification in Medicines by DART-MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1657-1668. [PMID: 38716699 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
N-nitrosamines (NAs) are prevalent mutagenic impurities in various consumer products. Their discovery in valsartan-containing medicines in 2018 prompted global regulatory agencies to set guidelines on their presence and permissible levels in pharmaceuticals. In order to determine the NAs content in medicines, efficient and sensitive analytical methods have been developed based on mass spectrometry techniques. Direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) has emerged as a prominent ambient ionization technique for pharmaceutical analysis due to its high-throughput capability, simplicity, and minimal sample preparation requirements. Thus, in this study DART-MS was evaluated for the screening and quantification of NAs in medicines. DART-MS analyses were conducted in positive ion mode, for both direct tablet analysis and solution analysis. The analytical performance was evaluated regarding linearity, precision, accuracy, limits of detection, and quantification. The DART-MS proved to be suitable for the determination of NAs in medicines, whether through direct tablet analysis or solution analysis. The analytical performance demonstrated linearity in the range from 1.00 to 200.00 ng mL-1, limits of quantification about 1.00 ng mL-1, precision and accuracy lower than 15%, and no significant matrix effect for six drug-related NAs. In conclusion, the DART-MS technique demonstrated to be an alternative method to determine NAs in medicines, aligning with the principles of green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Alves Bernardo
- Federal University of Goiás, Institute of Chemistry, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Chemistry, Curitiba, Paraná 80060-140, Brazil
| | - Yuri Arrates Rocha
- Federal University of Goiás, Institute of Chemistry, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Federal University of Goiás, Institute of Chemistry, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Marc Yves Chalom
- SENS Advanced Mass Spectrometry, 05319-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Bueschl C, Riquelme G, Zabalegui N, Rey MA, Monge ME. Tidy-Direct-to-MS: An Open-Source Data-Processing Pipeline for Direct Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Experiments. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3208-3216. [PMID: 38833568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Direct-to-Mass Spectrometry and ambient ionization techniques can be used for biochemical fingerprinting in a fast way. Data processing is typically accomplished with vendor-provided software tools. Here, a novel, open-source functionality, entitled Tidy-Direct-to-MS, was developed for data processing of direct-to-MS data sets. It allows for fast and user-friendly processing using different modules for optional sample position detection and separation, mass-to-charge ratio drift detection and correction, consensus spectra calculation, and bracketing across sample positions as well as feature abundance calculation. The tool also provides functionality for the automated comparison of different sets of parameters, thereby assisting the user in the complex task of finding an optimal combination to maximize the total number of detected features while also checking for the detection of user-provided reference features. In addition, Tidy-Direct-to-MS has the capability for data quality review and subsequent data analysis, thereby simplifying the workflow of untargeted ambient MS-based metabolomics studies. Tidy-Direct-to-MS is implemented in the Python programming language as part of the TidyMS library and can thus be easily extended. Capabilities of Tidy-Direct-to-MS are showcased in a data set acquired in a marine metabolomics study reported in MetaboLights (MTBLS1198) using a transmission mode Direct Analysis in Real Time-Mass Spectrometry (TM-DART-MS)-based method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bueschl
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Riquelme
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Zabalegui
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximilian A Rey
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Monge
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Wang Y. Recent advances in the application of direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) in food analysis. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114488. [PMID: 38823841 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) has evolved as an effective analytical technique for the rapid and accurate analysis of food samples. The current advancements of DART-MS in food analysis are described in this paper. We discussed the DART principles, which include devices, ionization mechanisms, and parameter settings. Numerous applications of DART-MS in the fields of food and food products analysis published during 2018-2023 were reviewed, including contamination detection, food authentication and traceability, and specific analyte analysis in the food matrix. Furthermore, the challenges and limitations of DART-MS, such as matrix effect, isobaric component analysis, cost considerations and accessibility, and compound selectivity and identification, were discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
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7
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Zhang WQ, Tu YD, Liu H, Liu R, Zhang XJ, Jiang L, Huang Y, Xia F. A Single Set of Well-Designed Aptamer Probes for Reliable On-site Qualitative and Ultra-Sensitive Quantitative Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316434. [PMID: 38192021 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Aptamer-based probes are pivotal components in various sensing strategies, owing to their exceptional specificity and versatile programmable structure. Nevertheless, numerous aptamer-based probes usually offer only a single function, limiting their capacity to meet the diverse requirements of multi-faceted sensing systems. Here, we introduced supersandwich DNA probes (SSW-DNA), designed and modified on the outer surface of nanochannels with hydrophobic inner walls, enabling dual functionality: qualitative detection for on-site analysis and quantitative detection for precise analysis. The fragmented DNAs resulting from the target recognition, are subsequently identified through lateral flow assays, enabling robust on-site qualitative detection of microcystin-LR with an impressively low limit of detection (LOD) at 0.01 μg/L. Meanwhile, the nanochannels enable highly sensitive quantification of microcystin-LR through the current analysis, achieving an exceptionally low LOD at 2.5×10-7 μg/L, with a broad dynamic range spanning from 1×10-6 to 1×102 μg/L. Furthermore, the process of target recognition introduces just a single potential error propagation, which reduces the overall risk of errors during the entire qualitative and quantitative detection process. This sensing strategy broadens the scope of applications for aptamer-based composite probes, holding promising implications across diverse fields, such as medical diagnosis, food safety, and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Dan Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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8
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Millbern Z, Trettin A, Wu R, Demmler M, Vinueza NR. Synthetic dyes: A mass spectrometry approach and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:327-344. [PMID: 36353972 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic dyes are found in a wide variety of applications today, including but not limited to textiles, foods, and medicine. The analysis of these molecules is pertinent to several fields such as forensics, environmental monitoring, and quality control, all of which require the sensitivity and selectivity of analysis provided by mass spectrometry (MS). Recently, there has been an increase in the implementation of MS evaluation of synthetic dyes by various methods, with the majority of research thus far falling under electrospray ionization and moving toward direct ionization methods. This review covers an overview of the chemistry of synthetic dyes needed for the understanding of MS sample preparation and spectral results, current fields of application, ionization methods, and fragmentation trends and works that have been reported in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Millbern
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alison Trettin
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel Wu
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Morgan Demmler
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nelson R Vinueza
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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9
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Subbaraj AK, Deb-Choudhury S, Pavan E, Realini CE. Volatile fingerprints of beef cooking methods using sol-gel-based solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9655. [PMID: 38073203 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The aroma profile of food is a complex mixture of volatile compounds that constitutes a major component of the overall eating experience. The food service industry and chefs therefore constantly seek ways to investigate and thereby enhance the aroma profile. Oven cooking, sous vide and pan fry are three cooking methods of beef commonly practised by chefs. Near real-time analysis of volatile compounds from these three cooking methods will provide insight into respective volatile fingerprints and help improve cooking techniques. METHODS Volatile compounds from three beef cooking methods were captured using an in-house sol-gel based solid phase microextraction (SPME) method and analysed using direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). A volatile organic compound (VOC) standard was used to demonstrate successful implementation of the sol-gel coating technique. Volatile features discriminating the three cooking methods were shortlisted and statistically assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The VOC standard was successfully adsorbed by the sol-gel method and detected by DART-MS. Hierarchical cluster analysis clearly demarcated three beef cooking methods based on their volatile fingerprints. Out of 65 significant features differentiating the cooking methods, 50 were at highest concentrations from pan-fry cooking only, followed by 14 with highest concentrations from oven cooking followed by pan frying. Sous vide followed by pan frying showed lowest concentrations of almost all volatile features. CONCLUSIONS The sol-gel-based solid-phase microextraction technique combined with DART-MS was successful in differentiating beef cooking methods based on their volatile fingerprints. A workflow for rapid assessment of the volatile profile from beef cooking methods was established, providing a baseline to further explore volatile profiles from other key ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind K Subbaraj
- Proteins and Metabolites Team, AgResearch Limited, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Enrique Pavan
- Food Technology and Processing Team, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Carolina E Realini
- Food Technology and Processing Team, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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10
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Ng SIM, Chan MN. Beyond the formation: unveiling the atmospheric transformation of organosulfates via heterogeneous OH oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13919-13938. [PMID: 37933441 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03700b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Organosulfates (OSs), characterized with a sulfate ester group (R-OSO3-), are abundant constituents in secondary organic aerosols. Recent laboratory-based investigations have revealed that OSs can undergo efficient chemical transformation through heterogeneous oxidation by hydroxyl radicals (˙OH, interchangeably termed as OH in this article), which freshly derives functionalized and fragmented OSs. The reaction not only contributes to the presence of structurally transformed OSs in the atmosphere of which sources were unidentified, but it also leads to the formation of inorganic sulfates (e.g., SO42-) with profound implication on the form of aerosol sulfur. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the heterogeneous OH oxidation of OSs based on state-of-the-art designs of experiments, computational approaches, and chemical analytical techniques. Here, we discuss the formation potential of new OSs and SO42-, in light of the influence of diverse OS structures on the relative importance of different reaction pathways. We propose future research directions to advance our mechanistic understanding of these reactions, taking into account aerosol matrix effects, interactions with other atmospheric pollutants, and the incorporation of experimental findings into atmospheric chemical transport models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze In Madeleine Ng
- Earth System Science Programme, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Man Nin Chan
- Earth System Science Programme, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- The Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Bates TL, Sacks GL. Rapid headspace solid-phase microextraction sheets with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (SPMESH-DART-MS) of derivatized volatile phenols in grape juices and wines. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1275:341577. [PMID: 37524464 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Volatile phenols possess "smoky, spicy" aromas and are routinely measured in grapes, wines and other foodstuffs for quality control. Routine analyses of volatile phenols rely on gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS), but slow throughput of GC-MS can cause challenges during times of surge demand, i.e. following 'smoke taint' events involving forest fires near vineyards. Parallel extraction of headspace volatiles onto sorbent sheets (HS-SPMESH) followed by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) is a rapid alternative to conventional GC-MS approaches. However, HS-SPMESH extraction is poorly suited for lower volatility odorants, including volatile phenols. This work reports development and validation of an HS-SPMESH-DART-MS approach for five volatile phenols (4-ethylphenol, 4-ethylguiacol, guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, and cresols). Prior to HS-SPMESH extraction, volatile phenols were acetylated to facilitate their extraction. A unique feature of this work was the use of d6-Ac2O as a derivatizing agent to overcome issues with isobaric interferences inherent to chromatography-free MS techniques. The use of alkaline conditions during derivatization resulted in cumulative measurement of both free and bound forms of volatile phenols. The validated HS-SPMESH-DART-MS method achieved a throughput of 24 samples in ∼60 min (including derivatization and extraction time) with low limits of detection (<1 μg L-1) and good repeatability (3-6% RSD) in grape and wine matrices. Validation experiments with smoke-tainted grape samples indicated good correlation between total (free + bound) volatile phenols measured by HS-SPMESH-DART-MS and a gold standard GC-MS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L Bates
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 251 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gavin L Sacks
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 251 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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12
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Wang C, Geng X, Gao Y, Zheng C, Guan Y. A 96-well plate UV fluorometer based on micro fluorescence detector array and dynamic zero correction algorithm. Talanta 2023; 265:124922. [PMID: 37451116 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
A 96-well plate UV fluorometer was developed and evaluated. Eight micro fluorescence detectors close to each other were used as detector array for 8 channels. Each detector employed an UV light emitting diode (LED) as light source and a photodiode (PD) with an amplifier circuit as optoelectronic detector. The optical paths of the detectors were designed by ray tracing method to avoid crosstalk between wells. Simultaneously scanning and detecting of 8 channels saves scanning time and improves detection efficiency. The scanning time of the 96-well plate was about 80 s. A dynamic zero correction algorithm was proposed to solve the problem of measurement accuracy reduction caused by the background fluorescence differences between plates and wells under irradiation of UV light. The measurement repeatability (RSD) for 1 μg/L 7-Diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin sample was 2.25%. Compared with the fixed zero correction method, the limit of detection (LOD), measurement repeatability, and average relative error were improved by 3.3, 2.7, and 4.5 times, respectively. The proposed method is robust and can be applied to different analysis systems. The developed fluorometer has great potential in high-throughput rapid detection of food safety and life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanliang Wang
- Department of Instrumentation & Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Composition Detection Technology of Liaoning Province, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuhui Geng
- Department of Instrumentation & Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Composition Detection Technology of Liaoning Province, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Instrumentation & Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Composition Detection Technology of Liaoning Province, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Instrumentation & Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Composition Detection Technology of Liaoning Province, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yafeng Guan
- Department of Instrumentation & Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Composition Detection Technology of Liaoning Province, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China; Institute of Deep-Sea Science & Engineering, CAS, 28 Luhuitou Road, Sanya, 572000, China.
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13
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Lv Y, Shang Y, Li L, Zhang Y, Ma Q. Online hyphenation of in-capillary aptamer-functionalized solid-phase microextraction and extraction nanoelectrospray ionization for miniature mass spectrometry analysis. Analyst 2023; 148:1815-1823. [PMID: 36939082 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00111c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Direct mass spectrometry (MS) analysis is vital to chemical and biological investigations. However, measuring complex samples is challenging due to matrix interference, resulting in compromised MS performance. In this study, an integrated experimental protocol has been developed, combining in-capillary aptamer-functionalized solid-phase microextraction (SPME), extraction nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI), and miniature MS analysis. The established method was applied to analyze caffeine in electronic cigarette liquid and beverage samples as proof-of-concept demonstrations. A custom SPME strip fabricated with caffeine-binding aptamers was prepared with an immobilization density of up to 0.812 nmol cm-2. Critical parameters affecting the effects of extraction, desorption, and ionization were optimized. A novel transition ion ratio-based strategy with enhanced quantitation accuracy was developed. The analytical performance of the proposed method was evaluated under optimized conditions. Acceptable recoveries of 87.5-111.5% with relative standard deviations of 3.1-6.1% and satisfactory sensitivity with limits of detection of 1.5 and 3 ng mL-1 and limits of quantitation of 5 and 10 ng mL-1 were obtained, respectively. The developed approach demonstrates a promising potential for rapid on-site applications with appealing analytical performance and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueguang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Yuhan Shang
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Linsen Li
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China. .,Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
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14
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Online coupling of matrix solid-phase dispersion to direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry for high-throughput analysis of regulated chemicals in consumer products. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340677. [PMID: 36628757 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The current work is the first study on online coupling of matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) to direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) bridging with solid-phase analytical derivatization (SPAD) based on a graphene oxide nanosheets (GONs)-coated cotton swab. Proof-of-concept demonstrations were explored for high-throughput analysis of a diversity of regulated chemicals in consumer products such as textiles, toys, and cosmetics. On-demand sorbent combinations were blended with samples, packed into MSPD columns, and mounted on a homemade 3D-printed rack module for automated sample feeding. To achieve good synergy between MSPD and DART-MS, a cotton swab with a conical tip deposited with GONs was attached to the bottom of the MSPD column. The swabs serve as a solid-phase microextraction probe for convenient enrichment of the eluted analytes from MSPD, thermal desorption of the enriched analytes by DART, and sensitive detection by a hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Furthermore, the utility of an on-swab SPAD strategy was demonstrated for the detection of formaldehyde by use of the derivatizing reagent of dansyl hydrazine, contributing to improved ionization efficiency without compromising the overall coherence of the analytical workflow. The MSPD-DART-MS methodology was systematically optimized and validated, obtaining acceptable recovery (71.7-110.3%), repeatability (11.8-19.3%), and sensitivity (limits of detection and quantitation in the ranges of 6.2-19.5 and 23.7-75.9 μg/kg) for 32 target analytes. The developed protocol streamlined sample extraction, clean-up, desorption, ionization, and detection, highlighting the appealing potential for high-throughput analysis of samples with complex matrices.
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15
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Liu M, Wang S, Ge W, Bi W, Chen DDY. Influence of host-guest interactions on analytical performance of direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04539-4. [PMID: 36651975 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To systematically study the influence of host-guest interactions on the analytical performance of direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS), the interactions between cyclodextrins (CDs) and different Sudan dyes were investigated. The results showed that the host-guest interaction between CDs and Sudan dyes did not affect qualitative analysis of the target compounds, but led to a lower signal intensity for Sudan dyes, thus affecting quantitative analysis of the target compounds. The stronger the host-guest interaction, the weaker the signal intensity of target compound on DART-MS. The results also show that both in solution and in solid-phase microextraction (SPME), the addition of organic solvents can weaken the host-guest interaction between CDs and Sudan dyes, thus improving the signal intensity in DART-MS. In SPME, adding organic solvents has a certain practical value and can improve the efficiency of Sudan dye analysis. This study suggests that appropriate sample pretreatment is needed to weaken noncovalent interactions prior to DART-MS analysis to obtain more accurate quantitative results. The data provide some insight into the effects of other noncovalent interactions on the efficiency of DART-MS as an analytical tool, as well as the potential to study intermolecular interactions with DART-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Simin Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wuxia Ge
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wentao Bi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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16
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Boronat Ena MDM, Cowan DA, Abbate V. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry applied to new psychoactive substance analysis. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:3-34. [PMID: 34036620 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade a plethora of drugs with similar effects to controlled psychoactive drugs, like cannabis, amfetamine (amphetamine), or lysergic acid diethylamide, have been synthesized. These drugs can collectively be classified under the term new psychoactive substances (NPS) and are used for recreational purposes. The novelty of the substances, alongside the rapid rate of emergence and structural variability, makes their detection as well as their legal control highly challenging, increasing the demand for rapid and easy-to-use analytical techniques for their detection and identification. Therefore, interest in ambient ionization mass spectrometry applied to NPS has grown in recent years, which is largely because it is relatively fast and simple to use and has a low operating cost. This review aims to provide a critique of the suitability of current ambient ionization techniques for the analysis of NPS in the forensic and clinical toxicology fields. Consideration is given to analytical performance and ease of implementation, including ionization efficiency, selectivity, sensitivity, quantification, analyte chemistry, molecular coverage, validation, and practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Mar Boronat Ena
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, UK
| | - David A Cowan
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, UK
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London, UK
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17
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Ćorković I, Rajchl A, Škorpilová T, Pichler A, Šimunović J, Kopjar M. Evaluation of Chokeberry/Carboxymethylcellulose Hydrogels with the Addition of Disaccharides: DART-TOF/MS and HPLC-DAD Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010448. [PMID: 36613889 PMCID: PMC9820810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the growing awareness of the importance of a healthy diet, the need for the development of novel formulations is also on the rise. Chokeberry products are popular among consumers since they are a rich source of polyphenols that are responsible for antioxidant activity and other positive effects on human health. However, other natural food ingredients, such as disaccharides, can affect their stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of disaccharides addition on the polyphenol composition of chokeberry hydrogels. Hydrogels were prepared from chokeberry juice and 2% of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with the addition of 30%, 40%, or 50% of disaccharides (sucrose or trehalose). Samples were analyzed using DART-TOF/MS. The method was optimized, and the fingerprints of the mass spectra have been statistically processed using PCA analysis. Prepared samples were evaluated for total polyphenols, monomeric anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity (FRAP, CUPRAC, DPPH, ABTS assays) using spectrophotometric methods. Individual polyphenols were evaluated using HPLC-DAD analysis. Results showed the addition of disaccharides to 2% CMC hydrogels caused a decrease of total polyphenols. These findings confirm proper formulation is important to achieve appropriate retention of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Ćorković
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, F. Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleš Rajchl
- Department of Food Preservation, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Škorpilová
- Department of Food Preservation, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anita Pichler
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, F. Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Josip Šimunović
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7624, USA
| | - Mirela Kopjar
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, F. Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-3122-4309
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18
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Lama-Muñoz A, Contreras MDM. Extraction Systems and Analytical Techniques for Food Phenolic Compounds: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:3671. [PMID: 36429261 PMCID: PMC9689915 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are highly valuable food components due to their potential utilisation as natural bioactive and antioxidant molecules for the food, cosmetic, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. For this purpose, the development and optimisation of efficient extraction methods is crucial to obtain phenolic-rich extracts and, for some applications, free of interfering compounds. It should be accompanied with robust analytical tools that enable the standardisation of phenolic-rich extracts for industrial applications. New methodologies based on both novel extraction and/or analysis are also implemented to characterise and elucidate novel chemical structures and to face safety, pharmacology, and toxicity issues related to phenolic compounds at the molecular level. Moreover, in combination with multivariate analysis, the extraction and analysis of phenolic compounds offer tools for plant chemotyping, food traceability and marker selection in omics studies. Therefore, this study reviews extraction techniques applied to recover phenolic compounds from foods and agri-food by-products, including liquid-liquid extraction, solid-liquid extraction assisted by intensification technologies, solid-phase extraction, and combined methods. It also provides an overview of the characterisation techniques, including UV-Vis, infra-red, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and others used in minor applications such as Raman spectroscopy and ion mobility spectrometry, coupled or not to chromatography. Overall, a wide range of methodologies are now available, which can be applied individually and combined to provide complementary results in the roadmap around the study of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lama-Muñoz
- Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María del Mar Contreras
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Centre for Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, Energy and Environment (CEACTEMA), Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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19
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Wang W, Liu T, Wang Y, Mu G, Zhang F, Yang Q, Hou X. Hydrophilic Covalent Organic Frameworks Coated Steel Sheet As a Mass Spectrometric Ionization Source for the Direct Determination of Zearalenone and Its Derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12211-12219. [PMID: 36100997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone has attracted worldwide attention due to its toxic properties and threat to public health. A rapid determination method for zearalenone and its derivatives by hydrophilic covalent organic frameworks coated steel sheet (HCOFCS) combined with ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) was developed. The HCOFCS behaved as both a tip for solid-phase microextraction and a solid substrate for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). To evaluate the HCOFCS-ESI-MS method, five zearalenone and its derivatives in milk samples were determined, including zearalenone (ZEA), α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), β-zearalenol (β-ZEL), α-zearalanol (α-ZAL), and β-zearalanol (β-ZAL). After the extraction procedure, the HCOFCS was directly added with a high voltage for ESI-MS, and the analysis could be completed within 1 min. The developed method showed good linearity in the range 0.1-100 μg/L with a coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.9991. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 and 0.2 to 0.3 μg/L, respectively. The results demonstrated that the HCOFCS combined with ESI-MS can be used for the rapid and sensitive determination of trace ZEA and its derivatives in milk samples with satisfactory recoveries from 80.58% to 109.98% and reproducibility with relative standard deviations (RSDs) no more than 11.18%. Furthermore, HCOFCS showed good reusability, which could reuse at least 10 extraction cycles with satisfactory adsorption performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Wang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Youfa Wang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Guodong Mu
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Qingli Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Xiudan Hou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
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20
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Bates TL, Rafson J, Feng H, Pan BS, Mueller BRJ, Yancey B, Fatigante W, Sacks GL. Optimized Solid-Phase Mesh-Enhanced Sorption from Headspace (SPMESH) for Rapid Sub-ng/kg Measurements of 3-Isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) in Grapes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196195. [PMID: 36234747 PMCID: PMC9573488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parallel extraction of headspace volatiles from multiwell plates using sorbent sheets (HS-SPMESH) followed by direct analysis in real-time high-resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS) can be used as a rapid alternative to solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) for trace level volatile analyses. However, an earlier validation study of SPMESH-DART-MS using 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) in grape juice showed poor correlation between SPMESH-DART-MS and a gold standard SPME-GC-MS around the compound’s odor detection threshold (<10 ng/kg) in grape juice, and lacked sufficient sensitivity to detect IBMP at this concentration in grape homogenate. In this work, we report on the development and validation of an improved SPMESH extraction approach that lowers the limit of detection (LOD < 0.5 ng/kg), and regulates crosstalk between wells (<0.5%) over a calibration range of 0.5−100 ng/kg. The optimized SPMESH-DART-MS method was validated using Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot grape samples harvested from commercial vineyards in the central valley of California (n = 302) and achieved good correlation and agreement with SPME-GC-MS (R2 = 0.84) over the native range of IBMP (<0.5−20 ng/kg). Coupling of SPMESH to a lower resolution triple quadrupole (QqQ)-MS via a new JumpShot-HTS DART source also achieved low ng/kg detection limits, and throughput was improved through positioning stage optimizations which reduced time spent on intra-well SPMESH areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L. Bates
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jessica Rafson
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hui Feng
- E&J Gallo Winery, Modesto, CA 95354, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gavin L. Sacks
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-607-255-2335
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21
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Lin Q, Sun J, Wang Y, Ye M, Cheng H. Rapid determination of aldehydes in food by high-throughput reactive paper spray ionization mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Cody RB. Aperture Size Influences Oxidation in Positive-Ion Nitrogen Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1329-1334. [PMID: 35679328 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) mass spectrometry commonly uses helium as the DART gas. With the looming helium shortage, other gases are being evaluated for DART. Nitrogen is inexpensive and readily available, making it a desirable alternative. However, NO+ reagent ions present in positive-ion nitrogen DART result in extensive oxidation for many compounds. The DART source uses a ceramic insulator cap to protect the operator from electrical shock. The most common cap has an aperture with a 2.5 mm inner diameter, through which the gas exits the DART source. By using a cap with a narrow (0.5 mm) ID, oxidation can be significantly reduced for nitrogen DART. The 0.5 mm cap is hypothesized to reduce back-diffusion of atmospheric oxygen into the DART source, with a reduction in the relative abundance of NO+ and increase in the relative abundance of [(H2O)2 + H]+ as the reactive species responsible for ionization of the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Cody
- JEOL USA Inc 11 Dearborn Road, Peabody, Massachusetts 01960, United States
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23
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Abstract
The extensive use of pesticides represents a risk to human health. Consequently, legal frameworks have been established to ensure food safety, including control programs for pesticide residues. In this context, the performance of analytical methods acquires special relevance. Such methods are expected to be able to determine the largest number of compounds at trace concentration levels in complex food matrices, which represents a great analytical challenge. Technical advances in mass spectrometry (MS) have led to the development of more efficient analytical methods for the determination of pesticides. This review provides an overview of current analytical strategies applied in pesticide analysis, with a special focus on MS methods. Current targeted MS methods allow the simultaneous determination of hundreds of pesticides, whereas non-targeted MS methods are now applicable to the identification of pesticide metabolites and transformation products. New trends in pesticide analysis are also presented, including approaches for the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues and other food contaminants (i.e., mega-methods), or the recent application of techniques such as ion mobility–mass spectrometry (IM–MS) for this purpose.
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24
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Qie M, Li T, Liu CC, Zhao Y. Direct analysis in real time high-resolution mass spectrometry for authenticity assessment of lamb. Food Chem 2022; 390:133143. [PMID: 35567975 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In comparison to more traditional methods of determining food authenticity, such as gas chromatography analysis, the primary advantages of DART-HRMS include its high speed and throughput of analysis. This study used a non-targeted metabolomics method based on real-time high-resolution mass spectrometry combined with chemometric analysis to distinguish lamb samples from four regions. Orthogonal least squares-discriminant analysis revealed a distinct difference between these four lamb regions. The potential markers were chosen based on the variable's importance in projection values, variance, and fold change. A total of 79 markers were identified using the matching chemistry database. These markers differed significantly between lambs in four regions according to heatmap analysis. The linear discriminatory analysis model had an initial classification rate of 100.0% and a cross-validation accuracy of 82.50% on the identified markers. The research demonstrates that DART-HRMS can perform a rapid authentication evaluation of lamb samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Qie
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tiwen Li
- ASPEC Technologies Limited, Beijing 100102, China
| | | | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
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25
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Rapid authentication of Chinese oolong teas using atmospheric solids analysis probe-mass spectrometry (ASAP-MS) combined with supervised pattern recognition models. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Gupta S, Samal N. Application of direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) in forensic science: a comprehensive review. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-022-00276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
As the rate of crime is constantly increasing, the workload on the forensic analyst also piles up. The availability of a limited number of seized samples makes it crucial to directly analyze the sample, thereby preventing wastage in the prior steps of sample preparation. Due to such needs, the forensic community is consistently working on broadening the usage of direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). DART-MS is a relatively new technique for rapid mass spectral analysis. Its use for chemical analysis credits its ability to analyze the sample at atmospheric pressure.
Main body
This article gives insight into the ionization mechanisms, data analysis tools, and the use of hyphenated techniques like thermal-desorption-DART-MS, infrared-thermal-desorption-DART-MS, Joule-heating thermal-desorption-DART-MS, etc. This review summarizes the applications of DART-MS in the field of Forensic Science reported from 2005 to 2021. The applications include analysis of drugs, warfare agents, gun-shot residues, ink differentiation, and other forensically relevant samples. The paper also presents the relation between the type of DART-MS technique and the ionization mode used for a particular class of compounds.
Conclusion
The review follows that the high-resolution mass-spectrometers or low-resolution mass-spectrometers systems in the positive or negative mode were highly dependent on the type of analyte under investigation. Drugs, inks, dyes, and paints were mainly analyzed using the positive ionization mode in the HRMS technique. The examinations of fire accelerants predominantly used the positive ionization mode in the LRMS technique. Moreover, the limit of detection values obtained from the qualitative screening of street drugs were of ppb level, indicating high sensitivity of DART-MS. Considering the work done in the past years, there are potential future research needs of this technology, especially in forensic science.
Graphical Abstract
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27
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Wang J, Li C, Li P. A Small Footprint and Robust Interface for Solid Phase Microextraction and Mass Spectrometry Based on Vibrating Sharp-Edge Spray Ionization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:304-314. [PMID: 35040644 PMCID: PMC9014482 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Combining solid phase microextraction (SPME) and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis has become increasingly important to many bioanalytical, environmental, and forensic applications due to its simplicity, rapid analysis, and capability of reducing matrix effects for complex samples. To further promote the adoption of SPME-MS based analysis and expand its application scope calls for efficient and convenient interfaces that couple the SPME sample handling with the efficient analyte ionization for MS. Here, we report a novel interface that integrates both the desorption and the ionization steps in one device based on the capillary vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (cVSSI) method. We demonstrated that the cVSSI is capable of nebulizing liquid samples in a pulled-tip glass capillary with a battery powered function generator. The cVSSI device allows the insertion of a SPME probe into the spray capillary for desorption and then direct nebulization of the desorption solvent in situ. With the integrated interface, we have demonstrated rapid MS analysis of drug compounds from serum samples. Quantitative determination of various drug compounds including metoprolol, pindolol, acebutolol, oxprenolol, capecitabine, and irinotecan was achieved with good linearity (R2 = 0.97-0.99) and limit of detection ranging from 0.25 to 0.59 ng/mL without using a high voltage source. Only 3.5 μL of desorption solvent and 3 min desorption time were needed for the present method. Overall, we demonstrated a portable SPME-MS interface featuring high sensitivity, short analysis time, small footprint, and low cost, which makes it an attractive method for many applications requiring sample cleanup including drug compound monitoring, environmental sample analysis, and forensic sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Chong Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Tsagkaris A, Hrbek V, Dzuman Z, Hajslova J. Critical comparison of direct analysis in real time orbitrap mass spectrometry (DART-Orbitrap MS) towards liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for mycotoxin detection in cereal matrices. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Ma H, Yang M, Wang X, Yang B, Zhang F, Zhang F, Li Y, Liu T, He M, Wang Q. Sulfonamide-Selective Ambient Mass Spectrometry Ion Source Obtained by Modification of an Iron Sheet with a Hydrophilic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15425-15433. [PMID: 34898196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We have described a sulfonamide-selective ambient ion source coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for selective extraction and determination of trace sulfonamide antibiotics. It is obtained by modifying an iron sheet with a sulfadiazine-templated hydrophilic molecularly imprinted polymer (SF-HMIP). It behaves as both an online extractor and a MS ion source. Five sulfonamide antibiotics, including sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfisoxazole (SIZ), sulfathiazole (ST), and sulfameter (SMD), were chosen to evaluate SF-HMIP coupled with ESI-MS, which showed good linearity in the range of 0.2-1000 ng/mL with correlation coefficient values (R2) over 0.9946. The limits of detection (LODs) for analysis of pure water and honey were in the range of 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-1.5 ng/mL, respectively. Limits of quantitation (LOQs) for analysis of pure water and honey were in the range of 0.3-0.5 and 1.0-5.0 ng/mL, respectively. The results demonstrated that SF-HMIP combined with ESI-MS could be applied for the direct analysis of five trace sulfonamide compounds in honey and pure water with recoveries ranging from 76 to 129%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyue Ma
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Minli Yang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Bingcheng Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feifang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yinlong Li
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Muyi He
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Selamat J, Rozani NAA, Murugesu S. Application of the Metabolomics Approach in Food Authentication. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247565. [PMID: 34946647 PMCID: PMC8706891 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The authentication of food products is essential for food quality and safety. Authenticity assessments are important to ensure that the ingredients or contents of food products are legitimate and safe to consume. The metabolomics approach is an essential technique that can be utilized for authentication purposes. This study aimed to summarize food authentication through the metabolomics approach, to study the existing analytical methods, instruments, and statistical methods applied in food authentication, and to review some selected food commodities authenticated using metabolomics-based methods. Various databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, etc., were used to obtain previous research works relevant to the objectives. The review highlights the role of the metabolomics approach in food authenticity. The approach is technically implemented to ensure consumer protection through the strict inspection and enforcement of food labeling. Studies have shown that the study of metabolomics can ultimately detect adulterant(s) or ingredients that are added deliberately, thus compromising the authenticity or quality of food products. Overall, this review will provide information on the usefulness of metabolomics and the techniques associated with it in successful food authentication processes, which is currently a gap in research that can be further explored and improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinap Selamat
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +603-97691146
| | | | - Suganya Murugesu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
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Massaro A, Stella R, Negro A, Bragolusi M, Miano B, Arcangeli G, Biancotto G, Piro R, Tata A. New strategies for the differentiation of fresh and frozen/thawed fish: A rapid and accurate non-targeted method by ambient mass spectrometry and data fusion (part A). Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Tobolka A, Škorpilová T, Dvořáková Z, Cusimamani EF, Rajchl A. Determination of capsaicin in hot peppers (Capsicum spp.) by direct analysis in real time (DART) method. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang X, Jiang Q, Li H, Chen DDY. Rapid fingerprint analysis for herbal polysaccharides using direct analysis in real-time ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9139. [PMID: 34087017 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Herbal polysaccharides have various potential medicinal values. Development of reliable analytical method for the fingerprint analysis of polysaccharides is critical for their quality assessment, origin identification, and authenticity evaluation. METHODS Mechanochemical extraction (MCE) was used to extract polysaccharide components from different herbal species. Intact polysaccharides were then directly analyzed by direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). Standard addition method with isotope-labeled internal standard was used to quantify polysaccharide amounts directly from liquid extract. Multivariate data analysis was further conducted for species classification. RESULTS The intact and large polysaccharides were decomposed into small fragment ions less than m/z 350 instantaneously using DART ion source. Different polysaccharides showed distinguished fingerprint DART-MS spectra using both individual and mixed herbal species. The liquid supernatant from MCE was validated to be used as direct sample for DART-MS analysis. Quantitation was successfully achieved for polysaccharide contents in Dendrobium officinale from different locations. CONCLUSIONS A rapid fingerprint protocol in combination of MCE and DART-MS for herbal polysaccharides was developed. The whole process could be accomplished within a few minutes, from raw materials to final spectra, without requirements of pre-digestion and additional sample purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - David D Y Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Emmons RV, Gionfriddo E. Minimizing transient microenvironment-associated variability for analysis of environmental anthropogenic contaminants via ambient ionization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145789. [PMID: 33631588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and quantitative analysis of anthropogenic contaminants in environmental matrices is crucial for regulatory testing and to elucidate the environmental fate of these pollutants. Direct ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) methodologies greatly increase sample throughput, can be adapted for onsite analysis and are often regarded as semi-quantitative by most developed protocols. One of the limitations of AMS, especially for on site analysis applications, is the irreproducibility of the measurements related to the occurrence of transient microenvironments (TME) and variable background interferences. In this work we report an effective strategy to minimize these effects by hyphenating, for the first time, solid phase microextraction (SPME) arrow to mass spectrometry via a thermal desorption unit (TDU) and direct analysis in real time (DART) source. The developed method was optimized for the extraction and analysis of pesticides and pharmaceuticals from surface water. It was demonstrated that the hyphenation of the SPME and TDU-DART resulted in reduced background contamination, indicating the suitability of the method for onsite analysis even in variable and non-ideal environments. Model analytes were quantitated in the low μg/L range with a total analysis time of less than 5 min, linear dynamic ranges (LDR) and interday reproducibility for most compounds being 2.5-500 μg/L and lower than 10%, respectively. The developed approach provides an excellent analytical tool that can be applied for the onsite high-throughput analysis of water samples as well as air and aereosols. Considering the tunability of our extraction process, time-resolved environmental monitoring can be achieved onsite within minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald V Emmons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States; Dr. Nina McClelland Laboratory for Water Chemistry and Environmental Analysis, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
| | - Emanuela Gionfriddo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States; Dr. Nina McClelland Laboratory for Water Chemistry and Environmental Analysis, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States; School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States.
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Angelis ED, Pilolli R, Bejjani A, Guagnano R, Garino C, Arlorio M, Monaci L. Optimization of an Untargeted DART-HRMS Method Envisaging Identification of Potential Markers for Saffron Authenticity Assessment. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061238. [PMID: 34072324 PMCID: PMC8230169 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Saffron is one of the most expensive agricultural products in the world and as such, the most commonly adulterated spice, with undeclared plant-based surrogates or synthetic components simulating color and morphology. Currently, saffron quality is certificated in the international trade market according to specific ISO guidelines, which test aroma, flavor, and color strength. However, it has been demonstrated that specific adulterants such as safflower, marigold, or turmeric up to 20% (w/w) cannot be detected under the prescribed approach; therefore, there is still a need for advanced and sensitive screening methods to cope with this open issue. The current investigation aims to develop a rapid and sensitive untargeted method based on an ambient mass spectrometry ionization source (DART) and an Orbitrap™high-resolution mass analyzer to discriminate pure and adulterated saffron samples with either safflower or turmeric. The metabolic profiles of pure and adulterated model samples prepared at different inclusion levels were acquired. Unsupervised multivariate analysis was carried out based on hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis as first confirmation of the discriminating potential of the metabolic profile acquired under optimized DART-HRMS conditions. In addition, a preliminary selection of potential markers for saffron authenticity was accomplished, identifying compounds able to discriminate the type of adulteration down to a concentration level of 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta De Angelis
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 126/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (E.D.A.); (R.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Rosa Pilolli
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 126/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (E.D.A.); (R.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Alice Bejjani
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research, Riad El Solh 107 2260 Beirut, Lebanon;
| | - Rocco Guagnano
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 126/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (E.D.A.); (R.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Cristiano Garino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”(UPO), Largo Donegani, 2, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.G.); (M.A.)
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), D-14191 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Arlorio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”(UPO), Largo Donegani, 2, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.G.); (M.A.)
| | - Linda Monaci
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 126/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (E.D.A.); (R.P.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0805929343
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Kitanosono T, Kobayashi S. Synthetic Organic "Aquachemistry" that Relies on Neither Cosolvents nor Surfactants. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:739-747. [PMID: 34079894 PMCID: PMC8161484 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing awareness of the underlying power of catalytic reactions in water that is not limited to innate sustainability alone. Some Type III reactions are catalytically accelerated without dissolution of reactants and are occasionally highly selective, as shown by comparison with the corresponding reactions run in organic solvents or under solvent-free conditions. Such catalysts are highly diversified, including hydrophilic, lipophilic, and even solid catalysts. In this Outlook, we highlight the impressive characteristics of illustrative catalysis that is exerted despite the immiscibility of the substrates and reveal the intrinsic benefits of these enigmatic reactions for synthetic organic chemistry, albeit with many details remaining unclear. We hope that this brief introduction to the expanding field of synthetic organic "aquachemistry" will inspire organic chemists to use the platform to invent new transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kitanosono
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shu Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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37
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Damiani T, Dreolin N, Stead S, Dall'Asta C. Critical evaluation of ambient mass spectrometry coupled with chemometrics for the early detection of adulteration scenarios in Origanum vulgare L. Talanta 2021; 227:122116. [PMID: 33714458 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, most of the screening methods in food manufacturing are based on spectroscopic techniques. Ambient Mass Spectrometry is a relatively new field of analytical chemistry which has proven to offer similar speed and ease-of-use when compared to other fingerprinting techniques, alongside the advantages of good selectivity, sensitivity and chemical information. Numerous applications have been explored in food authenticity, based either on the target detection of adulteration markers or, less frequently, on the development of multivariate classification models. The aim of the present work was to evaluate and compare the capabilities of Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) and Atmospheric Solid Analysis Probe (ASAP) Mass Spectrometry (MS) for the high-throughput authenticity screening of commercial herbs and spices products. The gross addition of bulking material to dried Mediterranean oregano was taken as case study. First, a pilot sample set, constituted by authentic dried oregano, olive leaves (a frequently reported adulterant) and mixtures thereof at different levels (i.e. 10, 20, 30 and 50% w/w) was used. Each sample was fingerprinted by both ambient-MS techniques. After appropriate pre-processing, the whole mass spectra were used for the subsequent multivariate data analysis. Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy was adopted as classification algorithm and the model was challenged with both new authentic oregano and in-house prepared blends. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of DART-MS and ASAP-MS used in full scan mode and coupled to chemometric modelling as rapid fingerprinting approach for food authentication. Although both the techniques provided satisfactory results, ASAP-MS clearly showed greater potential, leading to reproducible, diagnostic feature-rich mass spectra. For this reason, ASAP-MS was further tested under a more convoluted scenario, where the training and validation sets were enlarged with additional authentic oregano samples and a wider range of adulterant species, respectively. Overall good results were achieved, with 93% model predictive accuracy, and screening detection capability estimated between 5-20% (w/w) addition, depending on the adulterant considered with the only exception of majorana. Investigation of Q residuals could highlight the statistically-relevant chemical markers which could be tentatively annotated by coupling the ASAP probe with a high resolution mass analyser. The results from the validation study confirmed the great potential of ASAP-MS in combination with chemometrics as fast MS-based screening solution and demonstrated its feasibility for classification model building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tito Damiani
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale Delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Nicola Dreolin
- Waters Corporation, Altrincham Road, SK9 4AX, Wilmslow, United Kingdom.
| | - Sara Stead
- Waters Corporation, Altrincham Road, SK9 4AX, Wilmslow, United Kingdom.
| | - Chiara Dall'Asta
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale Delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
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Koudela M, Schulzova V, Krmela A, Chmelarova H, Hajslova J, Novotny C. Effect of Agroecological Conditions on Biologically Active Compounds and Metabolome in Carrot. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040784. [PMID: 33916284 PMCID: PMC8066420 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrot serves as a source of health-beneficial phytochemicals for human diet whose content is affected by agroecological conditions. The effect of conventional, integrated and organic farming on ascorbic acid (AA) and α,β-carotene levels of new carrot cultivars Cortina F1 and Afalon F1 was investigated and their metabolomic profiles were measured by direct analysis in real time ion source coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer (DART-HRMS). Cortina and Afalon exhibited high levels of AA and total carotenes under all agroecological conditions tested that fluctuated in broad ranges of 215–539 and 173–456 mg AA.kg−1 dry biomass and 1069–2165 and 1683–2165 mg carotene.kg−1 dry biomass, respectively. The ratio of β- to α-carotene in both cultivars was about 1.3. The most important variable for the PCA and the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models for ethyl acetate extracts measured in positive and negative ionization mode was 6-methoxymellein (6-MM). Total carotene content and 6-MM levels were higher in the organic carrot compared to the conventional one and were correlated with a higher level of spontaneous infection. Other important compounds identified were sitosterol, hexose and various organic acids including antioxidant ferulic and coumaric acids. The findings allow comparison of metabolomic profiles and the AA and carotene contents of both cultivars with those of other commercially used carrots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Koudela
- Department of Horticulture, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Vera Schulzova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (A.K.); (H.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Ales Krmela
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (A.K.); (H.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Hana Chmelarova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (A.K.); (H.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (A.K.); (H.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Cenek Novotny
- Department of Horticulture, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +42-029-644-2767
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Zhang X, Ren X, Chingin K. Applications of direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry in food analysis: A review. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9013. [PMID: 33277776 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Direct analysis in real time (DART) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) detection has become one of the most broadly used analytical approaches for the direct molecular characterization of food samples with regard to their chemical quality, safety, origin, and authentication. The major advantages of DART-MS for food analysis include high chemical sensitivity and specificity, high speed and throughput of analysis, simplicity, and the obviation of tedious sample preparation and solvents. METHODS The recent applications of DART coupled with different mass analyzers, including quadrupole, ion trap, Orbitrap, and time of flight, are discussed. In addition, sample pretreatment methods that have been coupled with DART-MS are discussed. RESULTS We summarize the applications of DART-MS in food science and industry published in the period from 2005 to this date. The applications and analytical characteristics are systematically categorized across the three major types of foods: solid foods, liquid foods, and viscous foods. CONCLUSIONS DART-MS has proved its high suitability for the direct, rapid, and high-throughput molecular analysis of very different food samples with minimal or no sample preparation, thus offering a high-speed alternative to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) approaches that are traditionally employed in food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Konstantin Chingin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
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Geballa-Koukoula A, Gerssen A, Nielen MWF. From Smartphone Lateral Flow Immunoassay Screening to Direct MS Analysis: Development and Validation of a Semi-Quantitative Direct Analysis in Real-Time Mass Spectrometric (DART-MS) Approach to the Analysis of Deoxynivalenol. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1861. [PMID: 33800036 PMCID: PMC7962121 DOI: 10.3390/s21051861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In current food safety monitoring, lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are widely used for rapid food contaminant screening. Recent advances include smartphone readouts, offering semi-quantitative analysis of LFIAs with time, location, and data transfer in case of on-site testing. Following the screening, the next step in the EU regulations is confirmation by, e.g., liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In this work, using direct analysis in real time ambient ionization and triple quadrupole MS/MS (DART-QqQ-MS/MS), we achieved rapid confirmation of the identity of the substance(s) causing the LFIA result. In the workflow proposed, an individual performs the (on-site) smartphone LFIA screening, and when the result is suspect, an identification LFIA (ID-LFIA) strip is developed with the same sample extract. The ID-LFIA can be dissociated and rapidly analyzed in a control laboratory with DART-QqQ-MS/MS. The ID-LFIA consists of multiple lines of monoclonal antibodies against the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, acting as a bioaffinity trap. The ID-LFIA/DART-QqQ-MS/MS approach has been developed and validated, along with the screening smartphone LFIA, and has demonstrated its applicability by analyzing incurred and spiked samples. The developed approach has been critically compared with our previous direct electrospray ionization MS method and was found to provide highly complementary information on the total deoxynivalenol contamination in the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadni Geballa-Koukoula
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.); (M.W.F.N.)
| | - Arjen Gerssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.); (M.W.F.N.)
| | - Michel W. F. Nielen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.); (M.W.F.N.)
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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41
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Martins RO, de Araújo GL, de Freitas CS, Silva AR, Simas RC, Vaz BG, Chaves AR. Miniaturized sample preparation techniques and ambient mass spectrometry as approaches for food residue analysis. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1640:461949. [PMID: 33556677 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Analytical methods such as liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) are widely used techniques for the analyses of different classes of compounds. This is due to their highlighted capacity for separating and identifying components in complex matrices such food samples. However, in most cases, effective analysis of the target analyte becomes challenging due to the complexity of the sample, especially for quantification of trace concentrations. In this case, miniaturized sample preparation methods have been used as a strategy for analysis of complex matrices. This involves removing the interferents and concentrating the analytes in a sample. These methods combine simplicity and effectiveness and given their miniaturized scale, they are in accordance with green chemistry precepts. Besides, ambient mass spectrometry represents a new trend in fast and rapid analyses, especially for qualitative and screening analysis. However, for complex matrix analyses, sample preparation is still a difficult step and the miniaturized sample preparation techniques show great potential for an improved and widespread use of ambient mass spectrometry techniques. . This review aims to contribute as an overview of current miniaturized sample preparation techniques and ambient mass spectrometry methods as different approaches for selective and sensitive analysis of residues in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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42
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Riuzzi G, Tata A, Massaro A, Bisutti V, Lanza I, Contiero B, Bragolusi M, Miano B, Negro A, Gottardo F, Piro R, Segato S. Authentication of forage-based milk by mid-level data fusion of (+/−) DART-HRMS signatures. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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Lu Q, Qin JA, Fu YW, Luo JY, Lu JH, Logrieco AF, Yang MH. Modified mycotoxins in foodstuffs, animal feed, and herbal medicine: A systematic review on global occurrence, transformation mechanism and analysis methods. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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44
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Wang Z, Cao Y, Lu Y, Zhang F, Su Y, Guo Y. Ultrasonic extraction and nebulization in real-time coupled with carbon fiber ionization mass spectrometry for rapid screening of the synthetic drugs adulterated into herbal products. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1136:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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45
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Beneito-Cambra M, Gilbert-López B, Moreno-González D, Bouza M, Franzke J, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A. Ambient (desorption/ionization) mass spectrometry methods for pesticide testing in food: a review. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4831-4852. [PMID: 33000770 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01474e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ambient mass spectrometry refers to the family of techniques that allows ions to be generated from condensed phase samples under ambient conditions and then, collected and analysed by mass spectrometry. One of their key advantages relies on their ability to allow the analysis of samples with minimal to no sample workup. This feature maps well to the requirements of food safety testing, in particular, those related to the fast determination of pesticide residues in foods. This review discusses the application of different ambient ionization methods for the qualitative and (semi)quantitative determination of pesticides in foods, with the focus on different specific methods used and their ionization mechanisms. More popular techniques used are those commercially available including desorption electrospray ionization (DESI-MS), direct analysis on real time (DART-MS), paper spray (PS-MS) and low-temperature plasma (LTP-MS). Several applications described with ambient MS have reported limits of quantitation approaching those of reference methods, typically based on LC-MS and generic sample extraction procedures. Some of them have been combined with portable mass spectrometers thus allowing "in situ" analysis. In addition, these techniques have the ability to map surfaces (ambient MS imaging) to unravel the distribution of agrochemicals on crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Beneito-Cambra
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group (FQM-323), Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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46
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Li X, Li S, Li H, Wang J, Luo Q, Yin X. Quantification of artificial sweeteners in alcoholic drinks using direct analysis in real-time QTRAP mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2020; 342:128331. [PMID: 33097326 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners have been widely used as replacements for sugars in foods. Rapid determination of artificial sweeteners contained in various foods are highly desirable for the routine analysis. Here, we report a robust approach based on direct analysis in real time coupled with QTRAP mass spectrometry to screen and quantitate simultaneously seven artificial sweeteners, including aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame-K, neotame, sucralose, cyclamate and alitame in alcoholic drinks. The detection method merely involved a simple sample pretreatment process, with a good linearity, low limit of quantification, satisfied recovery and relative standard deviation for each target compound. More importantly, the approach is highly sensitive and accurate in monitoring the seven artificial sweeteners in whisky, Chinese liquors, beer and wines obtained from the supermarket. The results demonstrated that the approach described here could be suitable for large-scale application in routine quality control analysis of artificial sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Li
- Laboratory of Food Safety, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Laboratory of Food Safety, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Laboratory of Food Safety, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Food Safety, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Qin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xiong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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47
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Gross JH. Saccharose cluster ions as mass calibrants in positive-ion direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2020; 26:324-331. [PMID: 32921168 DOI: 10.1177/1469066720958535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In positive-ion direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS), mono-, di, and trisaccharides form [M+NH4]+ ions. Some of them, in addition, yield abundant [Mn+NH4]+ cluster ions (n = 1-6)), and thus, can serve for mass calibration. Saccharose, C12H22O11, the most common sugar, also termed sucrose, is among the [Mn+NH4]+ cluster ion forming species. Saccharose may therefore be employed as a cheap and ubiquitous mass calibration standard. The extent of saccharose cluster ion formation depends on the temperature of the DART gas, sample load, and instrumental parameters like trapping conditions of ions prior to mass analysis. This study identifies optimized experimental conditions and demonstrates the application of saccharose cluster ion-based mass calibration for accurate mass measurements in DART mode on a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen H Gross
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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48
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Cody RB. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. pastorianus species and strain differentiation by direct analysis in real time time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8835. [PMID: 32430915 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Seventeen different dried yeast strains, including twelve strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and five strains of S. pastorianus, were analyzed using direct analysis in real time (DART) time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The resulting mass spectra were used for rapid species and strain differentiation based upon small-molecule metabolomic profiles. METHODS Yeast strains purchased from local shops were suspended in a 1:1 water-methanol solution. Solutions were sampled by dipping the sealed end of a melting point capillary into each vial. Six replicates were measured in positive-ion and negative-ion mode for each strain using an automated linear rail with the DART source operated with helium gas and a gas heater temperature of 350°C. Averaged and centroided mass spectra were exported for analysis with chemometric software. RESULTS Negative-ion DART mass spectra exhibited less chemical background and more distinctive components than positive-ion DART mass spectra. An on-line search of the Yeast Metabolome Database provided candidate metabolites for selection as features for chemometric analysis. Negative-ion DART mass spectra could distinguish both species and all strains. The DART analysis was also able to identify potential metabolomic differences between top-fermenting and bottom-fermenting yeast, between beer and baking yeast, and between red wine and champagne yeast. CONCLUSIONS All strains could be distinguished by their negative-ion DART mass spectra with 97.7% validation accuracy. Clear differences were observed between dry and liquid forms and Saccharomyces strains with different applications to baking or beverage fermentation. Possible differences in metabolite profiles were suggested, but not confirmed, by accurate mass data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Cody
- JEOL USA Inc., 11 Dearborn Road, Peabody, 01960, USA
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49
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Hrbek V, Zdenkova K, Jilkova D, Cermakova E, Jiru M, Demnerova K, Pulkrabova J, Hajslova J. Authentication of Meat and Meat Products Using Triacylglycerols Profiling and by DNA Analysis. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091269. [PMID: 32927765 PMCID: PMC7555453 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two alternative, complementary analytical strategies were successfully used to identify the most common meat species—beef, pork and chicken—in meat products. The first innovative high-throughput approach was based on triacylglycerols fingerprinting by direct analysis in real time coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (DART–HRMS). The second was the classic commonly used DNA analysis based on the use of nuclear or mitochondrial DNA in multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR). The DART–HRMS method represents a rapid, high throughput screening method and was shown to have a good potential for the authentication of meat products. Nevertheless, it should be noted that due to a limited number of samples in this pilot study, we present here a proof of concept. More samples must be analyzed by DART–HRMS to build a robust classification model applicable for reliable authentication. To verify the DART–HRMS results, all samples were analyzed by PCRs. Good compliance in samples classification was documented. In routine practice under these conditions, screening based on DART–HRMS could be used for identification of suspect samples, which could be then examined and validated by accurate PCRs. In this way, saving of both labor and cost could be achieved. In the final phase, commercially available meat products from the Czech market were tested using this new strategy. Canned meats—typical Czech sausages and luncheon meats, all with declared content of beef, pork and chicken meat—were used. Compliance with the label declaration was confirmed and no adulteration was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Hrbek
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.H.); (M.J.); (J.P.); (J.H.)
| | - Kamila Zdenkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (E.C.); (K.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Diliara Jilkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (E.C.); (K.D.)
- Research Department, Food Research Institute Prague, Radiová 1285/7, 10231 Prague 10, Czech Republic;
| | - Eliska Cermakova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (E.C.); (K.D.)
| | - Monika Jiru
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.H.); (M.J.); (J.P.); (J.H.)
| | - Katerina Demnerova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (E.C.); (K.D.)
| | - Jana Pulkrabova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.H.); (M.J.); (J.P.); (J.H.)
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.H.); (M.J.); (J.P.); (J.H.)
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Cody RB, Fouquet TNJ, Takei C. Thermal desorption and pyrolysis direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry for qualitative characterization of polymers and polymer additives. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34 Suppl 2:e8687. [PMID: 31797453 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) provides qualitative information about additives and polymer composition. However, the observed mass spectra are dependent on sampling conditions, in particular the DART gas temperature. This report describes the combination of a heated sample stage with DART-MS for polymer characterization. METHODS Industrial polymers with different compositions were examined by thermal desorption and pyrolysis (TDPy) DART. Samples were heated on disposable copper stages from ambient temperature to 600°C, and the evolved gases were introduced directly into a DART ion source through a glass tee. Time- and temperature-dependent mass spectra were acquired using a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Kendrick mass analysis was applied to the interpretation of complex mass spectra observed for fluorinated polymers. RESULTS Positive-ion DART mass spectra of common polymers exhibited peak series differing by monomer masses, often accompanied by a peak corresponding to the protonated monomer. Even polymers that did not exhibit a clear series of peaks produced characteristic mass spectra. Positive-ion and negative-ion mass spectra were recorded for fluorinated polymers, with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) producing only negative ions. Thermal desorption provided characteristic temperature profiles for volatile species such as polymer additives and polymer pyrolysis products. CONCLUSIONS In comparison with direct analysis by positioning sample directly in the heated DART gas stream, TDPy DART provides a more versatile sampling method and provides thermal separation and profiling of polymer additives, intact short polymer chains, and pyrolysis fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry N J Fouquet
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chikako Takei
- Biochromato Inc., 1-12-19 Honcho, Fujisawa, Kanagawa-ken, Japan
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