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Khosla NK, Lesinski JM, Colombo M, Bezinge L, deMello AJ, Richards DA. Simplifying the complex: accessible microfluidic solutions for contemporary processes within in vitro diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3340-3360. [PMID: 35984715 PMCID: PMC9469643 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00609j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In vitro diagnostics (IVDs) form the cornerstone of modern medicine. They are routinely employed throughout the entire treatment pathway, from initial diagnosis through to prognosis, treatment planning, and post-treatment surveillance. Given the proven links between high quality diagnostic testing and overall health, ensuring broad access to IVDs has long been a focus of both researchers and medical professionals. Unfortunately, the current diagnostic paradigm relies heavily on centralized laboratories, complex and expensive equipment, and highly trained personnel. It is commonly assumed that this level of complexity is required to achieve the performance necessary for sensitive and specific disease diagnosis, and that making something affordable and accessible entails significant compromises in test performance. However, recent work in the field of microfluidics is challenging this notion. By exploiting the unique features of microfluidic systems, researchers have been able to create progressively simple devices that can perform increasingly complex diagnostic assays. This review details how microfluidic technologies are disrupting the status quo, and facilitating the development of simple, affordable, and accessible integrated IVDs. Importantly, we discuss the advantages and limitations of various approaches, and highlight the remaining challenges within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan K Khosla
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Jake M Lesinski
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Monika Colombo
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Léonard Bezinge
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel A Richards
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
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2
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A disc-chip based high-throughput acute toxicity detection system. Talanta 2021; 224:121867. [PMID: 33379077 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute toxicity assay presents vital significance in modern environmental monitoring, including online detection and in-situ assay for emergency events. Although photobacteria related detection methods were established and verified in the past decades with combination of photomultiplier tube (PMT), the price and size of PMT sensor hampered application of rapid acute toxicity assay and detection system miniaturization, especially in the resource-limited occasions. Wide application of smartphones with great low-light performance cameras could be used in photobacteria-based toxicity assay instead of the PMT methods. Herein a box-type portable detection system had been successfully established, including a disc-chip for detection, detection device, and smartphones with a high-performance camera. The system performed well showing stable temperature and rotation control. Results captured by CMOS-based camera presented a linear relationship with PMT-based detection method. An image progress algorithm was also established and tested by series diluted zinc sulfate solution as a reference substance. The system also performed well for toxicity analysis for real Atmospheric particle matter sample. The system could be used in some environmental monitoring scenarios as an alternative solution.
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Karami M, Yamini Y. On-disc electromembrane extraction-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction: A fast and effective method for extraction and determination of ionic target analytes from complex biofluids by GC/MS. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1105:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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4
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On-chip ion pair-based dispersive liquid-liquid extraction for quantitative determination of histamine H 2 receptor antagonist drugs in human urine. Talanta 2019; 206:120235. [PMID: 31514880 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, an ion-pair based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was performed on a centrifugal chip for the first time. The entire DLLME procedure, including flow direction, desperation, and sedimentation of the extracting phase, can be fulfilled automatically on a solitary chip. The chip was made of Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and was of two units for two parallel extractions, each consisting of three chambers (for the sample solution, extracting solvents, and sedimentation). As the chip rotated, fluids flowed within the chip, and the dispersion, mixing, extraction, and sedimentation of the final phase were performed on the chip by simply adjusting the spin speed. Determination of two histamine H2 receptor antagonist drugs, cimetidine and ranitidine, as the model analytes from the urine samples was done using the developed on-chip ion-pair based DLLME method followed by an HPLC-UV. The effective parameters on the extraction efficiency of the model analytes were investigated and optimized using the one variable at a time method. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 15-2000 μg L-1 with a coefficient of determination (R2) more than 0.9987. The relative standard deviations (RSD %) for extraction and determination of the analytes were less than 3.7% based on five replicated measurements. LODs less than 10.0 μg L-1 and preconcentration factors higher than 39-fold were obtained for both of the model analytes. The proposed chip enjoys the advantages of both the DLLME method and miniaturization on a centrifugal chip.
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Hui Y, Liu Y, Tang WC, Song D, Madou M, Xia S, Wu T. Determination of Mercury(II) on A Centrifugal Microfluidic Device Using Ionic Liquid Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10080523. [PMID: 31398936 PMCID: PMC6723164 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An integrated centrifugal microfluidic device was developed to preconcentrate and detect hazardous mercury (II) in water with ionic liquid as environmentally friendly extractant. An automatically salt-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction on a centrifugal microfluidic device was designed, fabricated, and characterized. The entire liquid transport mixing and separation process was controlled by rotation speed, siphon valves, and capillary valves. Still frame images on the rotating device showed the process in detail, revealing the sequential steps of mixing, siphon priming, transportation between chambers, and phase separation. The preconcentration of red dye could be clearly observed with the naked eye. By combining fluorescence probe and microscopy techniques, the device was tested to determine ppb-level mercury (II) in water, and was found to exhibit good linearity and low detection limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hui
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - William C Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Dian Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Marc Madou
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Shanhong Xia
- Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tianzhun Wu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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ChromiSense: A colourimetric lab-on-a-disc sensor for chromium speciation in water. Talanta 2018; 178:392-399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fu LM, Hou HH, Chiu PH, Yang RJ. Sample preconcentration from dilute solutions on micro/nanofluidic platforms: A review. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:289-310. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Ming Fu
- Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering; National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering; National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsiung Hou
- Department of Engineering Science; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsien Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering; National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Jen Yang
- Department of Engineering Science; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
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8
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Jackson K, Borba J, Meija M, Mills D, Haverstick D, Olson K, Aranda R, Garner G, Carrilho E, Landers J. DNA purification using dynamic solid-phase extraction on a rotationally-driven polyethylene-terephthalate microdevice. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 937:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Fast and reliable diagnoses are invaluable in clinical care. Samples (e.g., blood, urine, and saliva) are collected and analyzed for various biomarkers to quickly and sensitively assess disease progression, monitor response to treatment, and determine a patient's prognosis. Processing conventional samples entails many manual time-consuming steps. Consequently, clinical specimens must be processed by skilled technicians before antigens or nucleic acids are detected, and these are often present at dilute concentrations. Recently, several automated microchip technologies have been developed that potentially offer many advantages over traditional bench-top extraction methods. The smaller length scales and more refined transport mechanisms that characterize these microfluidic devices enable faster and more efficient biomarker enrichment and extraction. Additionally, they can be designed to perform multiple tests or experimental steps on one integrated, automated platform. This review explores the current research on microfluidic methods of sample preparation that are designed to aid diagnosis, and covers a broad spectrum of extraction techniques and designs for various types of samples and analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Cui
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912;
| | - Minsoung Rhee
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969
| | - Anup Singh
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969
| | - Anubhav Tripathi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912;
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Rattanarat P, Teengam P, Siangproh W, Ishimatsu R, Nakano K, Chailapakul O, Imato T. An Electrochemical Compact Disk-type Microfluidics Platform for Use as an Enzymatic Biosensor. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tortajada-Genaro LA, Santiago-Felipe S, Amasia M, Russom A, Maquieira Á. Isothermal solid-phase recombinase polymerase amplification on microfluidic digital versatile discs (DVDs). RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02778k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The proposed device, for massive DNA-based screening in limited-resource settings, comprises a centrifugal platform to perform isothermal solid-phase amplification in microarray format and a digital versatile disc drive to read the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Tortajada-Genaro
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto Interunversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM)
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
- Spain
| | - Sara Santiago-Felipe
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto Interunversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM)
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
- Spain
| | - Mary Amasia
- Div. of Nanobiotechnology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Aman Russom
- Div. of Nanobiotechnology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto Interunversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM)
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
- Spain
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O'Neill PF, Ben Azouz A, Vázquez M, Liu J, Marczak S, Slouka Z, Chang HC, Diamond D, Brabazon D. Advances in three-dimensional rapid prototyping of microfluidic devices for biological applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:052112. [PMID: 25538804 PMCID: PMC4241764 DOI: 10.1063/1.4898632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The capability of 3D printing technologies for direct production of complex 3D structures in a single step has recently attracted an ever increasing interest within the field of microfluidics. Recently, ultrafast lasers have also allowed developing new methods for production of internal microfluidic channels within the bulk of glass and polymer materials by direct internal 3D laser writing. This review critically summarizes the latest advances in the production of microfluidic 3D structures by using 3D printing technologies and direct internal 3D laser writing fabrication methods. Current applications of these rapid prototyped microfluidic platforms in biology will be also discussed. These include imaging of cells and living organisms, electrochemical detection of viruses and neurotransmitters, and studies in drug transport and induced-release of adenosine triphosphate from erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J Liu
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University , Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Marczak
- Centre for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Z Slouka
- Centre for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - H C Chang
- Centre for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - D Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University , Dublin, Ireland
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Centrifugal microfluidic platform for radiochemistry: Potentialities for the chemical analysis of nuclear spent fuels. Talanta 2013; 116:488-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Lin YS, Yang CH, Hsu YY, Hsieh CL. Microfluidic synthesis of tail-shaped alginate microparticles using slow sedimentation. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:425-31. [PMID: 23161405 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis of tail-shaped alginate particles using a microfluidic platform combined with a sedimentation strategy. By utilizing microfluidic emulsification in the cross-junction channel, the formation of regular droplets was achieved. Following a facile and convenient sedimentation process and an ionic crosslinking process, sodium-alginate droplets became tail-shaped and then gradually developed into calcium-alginate microparticles. The effects of the concentration of the CaCl(2) crosslinker and the viscosity of the alginate solution on the shape and/or size of the particles were further investigated. The proposed synthesis methodology has the advantages of actively controlling the tail-shape formation, having a narrow size distribution, as well as being a facile and convenient process with a high throughput. This approach can be applied to many applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Sheng Lin
- Department of Applied Cosmetology and Master Program of Cosmetic Science, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Podgornik A, Krajnc NL. Application of monoliths for bioparticle isolation. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3059-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Podgornik
- The Centre of Excellence for Biosensors, Instrumentation and Process Control - COBIK; Solkan Slovenia
- BIA Separations d.o.o.; Ajdovščina Slovenia
| | - Nika Lendero Krajnc
- BIA Separations d.o.o.; Ajdovščina Slovenia
- The Centre of Excellence for Biosensors, Instrumentation and Process Control - COBIK; Solkan Slovenia
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Miró M, Hansen EH. Recent advances and future prospects of mesofluidic Lab-on-a-Valve platforms in analytical sciences – A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 750:3-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Yang CH, Huang KS, Wang CY, Hsu YY, Chang FR, Lin YS. Microfluidic-assisted synthesis of hemispherical and discoidal chitosan microparticles at an oil/water interface. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3173-80. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hui Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology; I-Shou University; Taiwan
| | - Keng-Shiang Huang
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate; I-Shou University; Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; I-Shou University; Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yao Hsu
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate; I-Shou University; Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products; College of Pharmacy; Kaohsiung Medical University; Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sheng Lin
- Department of Applied Cosmetology and Master Program of Cosmetic Science; Hungkuang University; Taiwan
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