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Benedetti B, Ceccardi E, MacKeown H, Di Carro M, Magi E. Exploring the potentialities of a biodegradable polymeric film in sample preparation: An optimized "white" protocol to extract and quantify emerging contaminants in water. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1311:342725. [PMID: 38816162 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of white analytical chemistry encourages the development of methods characterized by a balance among greenness, productivity/feasibility and analytical performances. In the environmental analysis of emerging contaminants (ECs), for which high sensitivity and specificity are mandatory, the use of green and sustainable sample preparation needs to be coupled to a reliable analytical determination. Herein, an extraction method based on the use of a biodegradable polymeric film (Mater-Bi) and coupled to LC-MS/MS analysis was developed for the sensitive determination of ECs in wastewater. RESULTS The interaction among a range of ECs and the Mater-Bi film (a commercially available patented blend of polybutylene-terephthalate, starch and fatty acids) was investigated by two sequential experimental designs, to simultaneously study several factors and optimize extraction efficiency. The final method, resembling a fabric phase sorptive extraction, involved pH and ionic strength modification of the sample, 1h extraction and desorption in ethanol. Satisfactory recoveries from real wastewater were obtained for sixteen analytes (56-116 %), as well as excellent precision (inter-day relative standard deviations below 10 % for most compounds). Matrix effect was in the range 88-116 % at the lower pre-concentration factor, but also acceptable in most cases at the higher pre-concentration factor. LODs in matrix, from 0.004 to 0.159 μg L-1, were lower than or comparable to those from recent studies employing green extraction procedures. The method demonstrated its applicability to samples from wastewater treatment plants, allowing quantification of pharmaceuticals and UV filters at the μg L-1 and ng L-1 levels, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE For the first time, the synthetic biopolymer Mater-Bi, so far unexplored for the use in analytical chemistry, was exploited for a green, simple and extremely cheap extraction protocol. The optimized method is suitable for several ECs, guaranteeing very good accuracy, precision and specificity, also thanks to the LC-MS/MS analysis. The evaluation by green and white analytical chemistry metrics highlighted its superiority to conventional extraction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Benedetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy.
| | - Erica Ceccardi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Henry MacKeown
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Marina Di Carro
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Emanuele Magi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy
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Murtada K, Pawliszyn J. Evaluation of thin film microextraction based on graphene oxide/ polymer composite: Experimental and theoretical insights. Talanta 2024; 274:126032. [PMID: 38581851 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical assessments of a graphene oxide-based polymer as adsorbent for thin film microextraction (TFME) were conducted as part of this research. Graphene oxide (GO) was embedded in the organic polymer poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (PS-DVB) to prepare a sorbent suitable for direct-immersion TFME. A TFME membrane coating prepared with the GO/PS-DVB sorbent and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as binder was then applied for extraction of organic pollutants from aqueous and gaseous samples. The surface morphology of the TFME coating was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Various TFME parameters influencing extraction efficiency, such as extraction time and temperature, desorption temperature, and ionic strength, were investigated and optimized. In a comparison of TFME membranes, the GO/PS-DVB/PDMS TFME membrane was shown to yield higher extraction efficiencies for the targeted analytes than the pure PDMS and DVB/PDMS TFME membranes. The calibration graphs of the organic pollutants displayed linearity for most of the target analytes within the 10-2000 ng L-1 concentration range. The repeatability (RSD %, n = 5) and reproducibility (RSD %, n = 3) of the method were in the ranges of 2.2-5.9 %, and 3.2-8.5 %, respectively, at a concentration level of 500 ng L-1, whereas accuracy (%) ranged between 79.8 and 119 %. The developed method was successfully applied for determinations of organic pollutants in tap water, lake water, and wastewater samples. Furthermore, the impact of mass transfer kinetics on extractions by the GO/PS-DVB/PDMS TFME membrane from gaseous samples was theoretically discussed and experimentally verified. The results of this work demonstrate that the GO/PS-DVB/PDMS TFME method is a simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly method for pre-treatment of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Murtada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Merlo F, Anticò E, Merli R, Cabrera-Codony A, Fontàs C, Speltini A, Profumo A. Biochar-based polymeric film as sustainable and efficient sorptive phase for preconcentration of steroid hormones in environmental waters and wastewaters. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1308:342658. [PMID: 38740458 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The environmental impact of sample preparation should be minimized through simplification of the procedures and the use of natural, renewable and/or reusable materials. In such scenario, thin-film microextraction fulfils the former criteria, as it enables few steps and miniaturization, thus small amount of extraction phase. At the same time, the use of sorbents such as biochars obtained from biomass waste is even more promoted due to their availability at low cost and increased life-cycle in a circular economy vision. However, it is not always easy to combine these criteria in sample preparation. RESULTS A thin film microextraction was developed for the determination of steroids in aqueous samples, entailing a membrane made of cellulose triacetate and a wood-derived biochar (Nuchar®) as carbon precursor. Different characterization techniques showed the successful preparation, whereas the sorption kinetics experiments demonstrated that biochar is responsible for the extraction with the polymer acting as a smart support. After a study about membranes' composition in terms of biochar amounts (4 %, 10 %, 16 % wt) and type of synthesis set up, the ceramic 3D-mold was selected, achieving reproducible and ready-to-use membranes with composition fixed as 10 %. Different elution conditions, viz. type and time of agitation, type, composition and volume of eluent, were evaluated. The final microextraction followed by HPLC-MS/MS quantification was successfully validated in river and wastewater treatment plant effluent samples in terms of accuracy (R% 64-123 %, RSD<19 % in river; R% 61-118 %, RSD <18 % in effluent, n = 4), sensitivity (MQLs 0.2-8.5 ng L-1) and robustness. SIGNIFICANCE This novel biochar-based polymeric film proved to be a valid and sustainable sorbent, in terms of extraction capability, ease of preparation and greenness. By comparison with literature and the greenness evaluation with the most recent metric tools, this method expands the potential applicability of the thin-film microextraction and opens up innovative scenarios for sustainable procedures entailing the use of biochars entrapped in bio-polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Merlo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Enriqueta Anticò
- Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Rachele Merli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alba Cabrera-Codony
- LEQUIA Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Clàudia Fontàs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Andrea Speltini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Profumo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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S K, Saquib M, Poojary H, Illanad G, Valavan D, M S, Nayak R, Mazumder N, Ghosh C. Skin emitted volatiles analysis for noninvasive diagnosis: the current advances in sample preparation techniques for biomedical application. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12009-12020. [PMID: 38623290 PMCID: PMC11017966 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01579g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Human skin emits a series of volatile compounds from the skin due to various metabolic processes, microbial activity, and several external factors. Changes in the concentration of skin volatile metabolites indicate many diseases, including diabetes, cancer, and infectious diseases. Researchers focused on skin-emitted compounds to gain insight into the pathophysiology of various diseases. In the case of skin volatolomics research, it is noteworthy that sample preparation, sampling protocol, analytical techniques, and comprehensive validation are important for the successful integration of skin metabolic profiles into regular clinical settings. Solid-phase microextraction techniques and polymer-based active sorbent traps were developed to capture the skin-emitted volatile compounds. The primary advantage of these sample preparation techniques is the ability to efficiently and targetedly capture skin metabolites, thus improving the detection of the biomarkers associated with various diseases. In further research, polydimethyl-based patches were utilized for skin research due to their biocompatibility and thermal stability properties. The microextraction sampling tools coupled with high sensitive Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer provided a potential platform for skin volatolomes, thus emerging as a state-of-the-art analytical technique. Later, technological advancements, including the design of wearable sensors, have enriched skin-based research as it can integrate the information from skin-emitted volatile profiles into a portable platform. However, individual-specific hydration, temperature, and skin conditions can influence variations in skin volatile concentration. Considering the subject-specific skin depth, sampling time standardization, and suitable techniques may improve the skin sampling techniques for the potential discovery of various skin-based marker compounds associated with diseases. Here, we have summarised the current research progress, limitations, and technological advances in skin-based sample preparation techniques for disease diagnosis, monitoring, and personalized healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthana S
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Mohammad Saquib
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Harshika Poojary
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Gouri Illanad
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University Hubballi Karnataka 580021 India
| | - Divyadarshini Valavan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Selvakumar M
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Ramakrishna Nayak
- Department of Humanities and Management, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Chiranjit Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka 576104 India
- Harvard Medical School 25 Shattuck Street Boston 02115 MA USA
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Pour PH, Suzaei FM, Daryanavard SM. Greenness assessment of microextraction techniques in therapeutic drug monitoring. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:249-278. [PMID: 38466891 PMCID: PMC11216521 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this study, we evaluated the greenness and whiteness scores for microextraction techniques used in therapeutic drug monitoring. Additionally, the cons and pros of each evaluated method and their impacts on the provided scores are also discussed. Materials & methods: The Analytical Greenness Sample Preparation metric tool and white analytical chemistry principles are used for related published works (2007-2023). Results & conclusion: This study provided valuable insights for developing methods based on microextraction techniques with a balance in greenness and whiteness areas. Some methods based on a specific technique recorded higher scores, making them suitable candidates as green analytical approaches, and some others achieved high scores both in green and white areas with a satisfactory balance between principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Hosseini Pour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandar-Abbas, 79177, Iran
| | - Foad Mashayekhi Suzaei
- Toxicology Laboratories, Monitoring the Human Hygiene Condition and Standard of Qeshm (MHCS Company), Qeshm Island, 79511, Iran
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Ballén Castiblanco JE, Calvacanti Ferreira VH, Teixeira CA, Hantao LW. Classification of produced water samples using class-oriented chemometrics and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Talanta 2024; 268:125343. [PMID: 37913596 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Produced water (PW) is a type of wastewater that arises during oil and gas production. Due to its potential environmental impact, PW is one of the most closely monitored forms of wastewater in the petroleum industry. The total oil and grease (TOG) content in the water is a crucial parameter for assessing the environmental impact of PW. Traditional methods for analyzing TOG in PW can be time-consuming and may not be compatible with green chemistry principles. In this study, an alternative method for classifying PW samples is proposed using a one-class classifier (OCC) model, which has proven useful for classification problems. To achieve this goal, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) were employed to obtain TOG profiles from PW. A series of simulated PW samples containing TOG were generated using a mixture design comprising four petrochemicals at concentrations ranging from 10 mg L-1 to 50 mg L-1. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber showed the most representative extraction of analytes. The optimization of the HS-SPME method was performed using a Doehlert design with two variables, and the final conditions were set at 80 °C and 70 min for extraction temperature and time, respectively. A pixel-based data approach was used to implement data-driven soft independent modeling by class analogy (DD-SIMCA). Although DD-SIMCA is a developing area in GC×GC studies, the proposed model produced outstanding results with a sensitivity of 94.3 %, specificity of 95.0 %, and accuracy of 94.5 %, considering the complex and broad compositional range of the modeled mixtures. These findings demonstrated the effectiveness of the OCC model approach in classifying PW samples according to environmental regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Eduardo Ballén Castiblanco
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics (INCTBio), Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Calvacanti Ferreira
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics (INCTBio), Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Teixeira
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics (INCTBio), Brazil
| | - Leandro Wang Hantao
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics (INCTBio), Brazil.
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7
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Zeger VR, Bell DS, Anderson JL. Polymeric ionic liquid sorbent coatings in thin film microextraction: Insight into sorbent selectivity for pesticides and cannabinoids. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1715:464583. [PMID: 38160584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) sorbent coatings consisting of polymerizable cations and anions were employed as sorbent coatings in thin film microextraction (TFME) for the extraction of pesticides and cannabinoids. The blades consisted of a thin film of PIL sorbents chemically bonded to vinyltrimethoxysilane-functionalized nitinol sheets. The imidazolium- or ammonium-based PIL sorbents contained aromatic benzyl moieties as well as polar hydroxyl groups or aliphatic functional groups within the chemical structure of the IL monomer. The chemical structure of the IL crosslinkers of the PILs were kept constant across each sorbent, except for the anion, which consisted of either bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([NTf2-]), p-styrenesulfonate ([SS-]), or 3-sulfopropyl acrylate ([SPA-]). Temperature, salt content, and methanol content were optimized as extraction conditions to maximize pesticide-cannabinoid selectivity using Doehlert design of experiments (DOE). Effects of these three factors on selectivity and extraction efficiency are discussed. The optimal extraction conditions consisting of sample temperature (31°C), sodium chloride (30% w/v), and methanol content (0.25% v/v) are compared to initial sorbent screening conditions at a sample temperature of 40°C, 15% (w/v) sodium chloride, and 2.5% (v/v) methanol content. PIL sorbent swelling behavior at different salt and methanol content conditions and its effect on extraction efficiency are hypothesized. Selectivity factors for the sorbents indicated that aromatic moieties within the IL monomer may enhance pesticide-cannabinoid selectivity under optimized conditions, but the extraction efficiency of pesticides that are known to coelute with cannabinoids in the chromatographic separation may be enhanced by employing sorbent coatings with [SPA-] anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Zeger
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - David S Bell
- Restek Corporation, 110 Benner Circle, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 16823, USA
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Liu YJ, Zhang Y, Bian Y, Sang Q, Ma J, Li PY, Zhang JH, Feng XS. The environmental sources of benzophenones: Distribution, pretreatment, analysis and removal techniques. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115650. [PMID: 37939555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenones (BPs) have wide practical applications in real human life due to its presence in personal care products, UV-filters, drugs, food packaging bags, etc. It enters the wastewater by daily routine activities such as showering, impacting the whole aquatic system, then posing a threat to human health. Due to this fact, the monitoring and removal of BPs in the environment is quite important. In the past decade, various novel analytical and removal techniques have been developed for the determination of BPs in environmental samples including wastewater, municipal landfill leachate, sewage sludge, and aquatic plants. This review provides a critical summary and comparison of the available cutting-edge pretreatment, determination and removal techniques of BPs in environment. It also focuses on novel materials and techniques in keeping with the concept of "green chemistry", and describes on challenges associated with the analysis of BPs, removal technologies, suggesting future development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qi Sang
- Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Peng-Yun Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Strategic Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Institution, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ji-Hong Zhang
- Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China.
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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9
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Bates TL, Sacks GL. Rapid headspace solid-phase microextraction sheets with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (SPMESH-DART-MS) of derivatized volatile phenols in grape juices and wines. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1275:341577. [PMID: 37524464 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Volatile phenols possess "smoky, spicy" aromas and are routinely measured in grapes, wines and other foodstuffs for quality control. Routine analyses of volatile phenols rely on gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS), but slow throughput of GC-MS can cause challenges during times of surge demand, i.e. following 'smoke taint' events involving forest fires near vineyards. Parallel extraction of headspace volatiles onto sorbent sheets (HS-SPMESH) followed by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) is a rapid alternative to conventional GC-MS approaches. However, HS-SPMESH extraction is poorly suited for lower volatility odorants, including volatile phenols. This work reports development and validation of an HS-SPMESH-DART-MS approach for five volatile phenols (4-ethylphenol, 4-ethylguiacol, guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, and cresols). Prior to HS-SPMESH extraction, volatile phenols were acetylated to facilitate their extraction. A unique feature of this work was the use of d6-Ac2O as a derivatizing agent to overcome issues with isobaric interferences inherent to chromatography-free MS techniques. The use of alkaline conditions during derivatization resulted in cumulative measurement of both free and bound forms of volatile phenols. The validated HS-SPMESH-DART-MS method achieved a throughput of 24 samples in ∼60 min (including derivatization and extraction time) with low limits of detection (<1 μg L-1) and good repeatability (3-6% RSD) in grape and wine matrices. Validation experiments with smoke-tainted grape samples indicated good correlation between total (free + bound) volatile phenols measured by HS-SPMESH-DART-MS and a gold standard GC-MS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L Bates
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 251 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gavin L Sacks
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 251 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Sartore DM, Vargas Medina DA, Bocelli MD, Jordan-Sinisterra M, Santos-Neto ÁJ, Lanças FM. Modern automated microextraction procedures for bioanalytical, environmental, and food analyses. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300215. [PMID: 37232209 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sample preparation frequently is considered the most critical stage of the analytical workflow. It affects the analytical throughput and costs; moreover, it is the primary source of error and possible sample contamination. To increase efficiency, productivity, and reliability, while minimizing costs and environmental impacts, miniaturization and automation of sample preparation are necessary. Nowadays, several types of liquid-phase and solid-phase microextractions are available, as well as different automatization strategies. Thus, this review summarizes recent developments in automated microextractions coupled with liquid chromatography, from 2016 to 2022. Therefore, outstanding technologies and their main outcomes, as well as miniaturization and automation of sample preparation, are critically analyzed. Focus is given to main microextraction automation strategies, such as flow techniques, robotic systems, and column-switching approaches, reviewing their applications to the determination of small organic molecules in biological, environmental, and food/beverage samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Sartore
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Deyber A Vargas Medina
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcio D Bocelli
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcela Jordan-Sinisterra
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Álvaro J Santos-Neto
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Lanças
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
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Olomukoro AA, DeRosa C, Gionfriddo E. Investigation of the adsorption/desorption mechanism of perfluoroalkyl substances on HLB-WAX extraction phases for microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1260:341206. [PMID: 37121661 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The C-F alkyl structural backbone of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances makes this class of molecules resistant to heat and degradation, leading to their high persistence and mobility in the environment and bioaccumulation in the tissues of living organisms. In this study, 15 PFAS with an alkyl chain length from C4 to C14, currently monitored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), were preconcentrated by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The adsorption and desorption mechanisms of PFAS onto ion-exchange extraction phases was evaluated to understand the extraction process of PFAS from various environmental matrices under different conditions. This was achieved using two SPME geometries, namely fibers and thin films. The use of thin films resulted in a twofold improvement in extraction efficiency compared to fibers, especially for the short-chain PFAS. Methanol:water (80:20, v/v) was chosen as the optimized desorption solution, with ammonium formate added to minimize carryover. Extraction time profiles for both SPME geometries showed faster equilibration with thin films (30 min) compared to fibers (90-120 min). The linear dynamic range obtained with this method using fibers and thin films ranged from 10 to 5000 ng L-1 and 2.5-5000 ng L-1, respectively, with acceptable accuracy (70-130%) and precision (<15%). LOD ranged within 2.5-10 ng L-1 for fibers and 0.01-0.25 ng L-1 for thin films. Investigating the factors affecting PFAS recovery in complex samples enabled the quantitative assessment of PFAS contamination in various environmental water samples such as seawater, melted snow and biospecimens like human plasma. A 96-SPME holder was used for validation, which is compatible with sampling in 96-well plates and ensures high throughput in the analysis of real samples. The total concentration of PFAS detected in seawater and snow was 51.3 ng L-1 and 16.4 ng L-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aghogho A Olomukoro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA; Dr. Nina McClelland Laboratories for Water Chemistry and Environmental Analysis, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Charlotte DeRosa
- Dr. Nina McClelland Laboratories for Water Chemistry and Environmental Analysis, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA; College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Emanuela Gionfriddo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA; Dr. Nina McClelland Laboratories for Water Chemistry and Environmental Analysis, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA; School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
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12
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Khalili M, Dadfarnia S, Haji Shabani AM. Green thin-film microextraction based on polyaniline emeraldine salt-coated cellulose filter paper as an efficient preparation plane for extraction of Cd from environmental samples. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-023-02791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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13
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Mirabelli MF. Direct Coupling of SPME to Mass Spectrometry. EVOLUTION OF SOLID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY 2023:290-314. [DOI: 10.1039/bk9781839167300-00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction devices are normally analyzed by gas or liquid chromatography. Their use has become increasingly widespread since their introduction in 1990, and nowadays most analytical laboratories use or have used SPME as an efficient and green method to perform analyte extraction and sample clean-up in one step. The SPME technique is intrinsically flexible, and allows for a high degree of optimization with regard to the extracting phase, as well as the way sample is analyzed. Since its introduction, researchers have been trying different ways to transfer analytes extracted from the solid phase to a mass spectrometer, with the aim to increase throughput and reduce solvent, gas usage and costs associated with conventional chromatographic techniques. Furthermore, but not less important, for pure fun of developing new, more efficient and sensitive analytical strategies! This chapter aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the most relevant non-chromatographic mass spectrometric approaches developed for SPME. Technical aspects of each SPME-MS approach will be discussed, highlighting their advantages, disadvantages and future potential developments. Particular emphasis will be given on the most recent direct coupling approaches using novel ionization approaches, and a concise overview of the existing applications will also be provided.
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Hu B. Non-invasive Sampling of Human Body Fluids Using In Vivo SPME. EVOLUTION OF SOLID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY 2023:451-465. [DOI: 10.1039/bk9781839167300-00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive body fluids offer attractive sources to gain insights into human health. The in vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique is a fast and versatile sample preparation technique for the noninvasive sampling of human body fluids in various fields. This chapter summarizes the applications of SPME coupled with mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches for noninvasive investigations of human body fluids, including urine, sweat, and saliva. New features of noninvasive SPME sampling and MS-based analysis are highlighted, and the prospects on their further development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
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15
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Poly-(MMA-IL) filter paper: A new class of paper-based analytical device for thin-film microextraction of multi-class antibiotics in environmental water samples using LC-MS/MS analysis. Talanta 2023; 254:124188. [PMID: 36521327 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A paper-based polymeric ionic liquid (p-Poly-(MMA-IL)) was successfully developed by grafting the polymeric ionic liquid on the surface of commercial filter paper (FP) by using the dipping method, presenting a new cost-effective film. The newly developed p-Poly-(MMA-IL) FP was then applied as a paper-based thin-film microextraction (p-TFME) analytical device to extract 14 compounds as representative of five groups of antibiotic drugs, which were sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, penicillin and macrolides in environmental water samples. Besides, p-Poly-(MMA-IL) FP, p-Poly-(MMA) FP, and unmodified filter paper were successfully characterised by FTIR, NMR, FESEM, TGA, and XRD techniques. They underwent significant parameters optimisation, which affected the extraction efficiency. Under optimal conditions, the proposed (p-Poly-(MMA-IL) FP-TFME) device method was evaluated and applied to analyse multi-class antibiotic drugs in environmental water samples by using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The validation method showed that a good linearity (0.1 μg L-1 - 500 μg L-1) was noted (R2 > 0.993, n = 3). Detection and quantification limits were within 0.05 μg L-1 - 4.52 μg L-1 and 0.15 μg L-1 - 13.6 μg L-1, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values ranged at 1.4%-12.2% (intra-day, n = 15) and 4.4%-11.0% (inter-day, n = 10). The extraction recoveries of environmental water samples ranged from 79.1% to 126.8%, with an RSD of less than 15.4% (n = 3). The newly developed paper-based polymeric ionic liquid (p-Poly-(MMA-IL) FP) for analysis of multi-class antibiotic drugs under the p-TFME analytical device procedure was successfully achieved with limited sample volume and organic solvent, fast extraction, and feasible in daily analysis. The detection concentration and relative RSD of multi-class antibiotics determined in various environmental water samples by the proposed method (n = 5) were within 0.44 μg L-1 - 54.41 μg L-1 and 0.69%-15.56%, respectively. These results signified the potential of the p-Poly-(MMA-IL) FP-TFME device as an efficient, sensitive and environmentally friendly approach for analysing antibiotics.
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16
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Zhang H, Zeng P, Guan Q, Yan X, Yu L, Wu G, Hong Y, Wang C. Combining thin-film microextraction and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy to sensitively detect thiram based on 3D silver nanonetworks. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 287:122073. [PMID: 36399817 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
By coupling thin-film microextraction (TFME) with surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), a facile method was developed for the determination of thiram in the complex matrix (orange juice or grape peel). The substrate of TFME was made by self-assembling silver sol on the silicon wafer to form a three-dimensional (3D) silver nanonetwork structure, without adding any template, which was used for TFME and SERS detection, respectively. The substrate exhibits high reproducibility with a relative standard deviation of about 7.32 % in spot and spot SERS intensity. The SERS signal intensity at a shift of 1384 cm-1 and the thiram concentration showed good linearity in the range of 0.01-5 µg/L and the linear correlation coefficient was 0.9912. The detection limit for thiram was found to be 0.01 µg/L. The TFME-SERS method was applied for the determination of thiram in fruit juice and the results were obtained very well. Therefore, this method is expected to play a role in the detection of trace pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Zeng
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Guan
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzai Yan
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Yu
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Wu
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Hong
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunrong Wang
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China.
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Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Embedded in a Polymeric Matrix as a New Material for Thin Film Microextraction (TFME) in Organic Pollutant Monitoring. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020314. [PMID: 36679194 PMCID: PMC9863860 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It is essential to monitor organic pollutants to control contamination levels in environmental water bodies. In this respect, the development of new materials based on functionalised polymeric films for the measurement of toxic compounds is of interest. In this study, we prepare new films based on polymer cellulose triacetate modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the monitoring of selected compounds: a fungicide (chlorpyrifos) and two emerging contaminants, the musk tonalide and the bactericide triclosan, which are used in the formulation of personal care products. The films, upon contact with water samples and following the principles of thin film microextraction, allow the determination of organic pollutants at low concentration levels. The contact time of the film with a predetermined volume of water is fixed at 60 min, and the compounds are eluted with a small volume (1 mL) of organic solvent for GC-MS analysis. Parameters such as repeatability for different films and detection limits are found to be satisfactory. Applying the method to river water demonstrates its suitability and, in the cases of chlorpyrifos and tonalide, the absence of a significant matrix effect.
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18
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Solid-Phase Microextraction—Gas Chromatography Analytical Strategies for Pesticide Analysis. Methods Protoc 2022; 5:mps5050082. [PMID: 36287054 PMCID: PMC9609045 DOI: 10.3390/mps5050082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their extensive use and the globalized commerce of agricultural goods, pesticides have become a global concern. Despite the undoubtful advantages of their use in agricultural practices, their misuse is a threat to the environment and human health. Their analysis in environmental samples and in food products continues to gain interest in the analytical chemistry community as they are challenging matrices, and legal concentration limits are particularly low (in the order of ppb). In particular, the use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has gained special attention in this field thanks to its potential to minimize the matrix effect, while enriching its concentration, allowing very low limits of detection, and without the need of a large amount of solvents or lengthy procedures. Moreover, its combination with gas chromatography (GC) can be easily automated, making it a very interesting approach for routine analysis. In this review, advances and analytical strategies for the use of SPME coupled with GC are discussed and compared for the analysis of pesticides in food and environmental samples, hopefully encouraging its further development and routine application in this field.
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Chen X, Liu S, Jiang R, Luan T, Ouyang G. Rapid detection and speciation of illicit drugs via a thin-film microextraction approach for wastewater-based epidemiology study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156888. [PMID: 35753476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High detection frequency of illicit drugs in water samples urges the development of rapid detection method for wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) study. Here, we first developed a fast, convenient, and cost-effective method by combining thin-film microextraction (TFME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for sensing illicit drugs in wastewater sample. A divinylbenzene particle-loaded membrane was prepared by dip coating on a copper mesh. The sampling conditions of three illicit drugs were optimized and the performance of the proposed method was evaluated. The limit of detection was 5.5 2.0, and 1.1 ng L-1 for methamphetamine (MAMP), ketamine (KET), and methaqualone (MEQA), respectively, with acceptable precision (< 6.1 % for membrane to membrane reproducibility) and recovery from influent water (95 % - 111 %). Then, the proposed method was applied to study the occurrence and distribution of the target compounds in a wastewater treatment plant. The presence of methamphetamine, ketamine, and methaqualone was confirmed and their concentrations in the influent sample were 57 ± 8, 40 ± 4, and 75 ± 2 ng L-1, respectively. The speciation of the target compounds in different ponds was also investigated. Results showed that the content of organic matter and the pH of the sample significantly affected the binding state of the compounds. This work provides an efficient and accurate analytical protocol for WBE investigation of illicit drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlv Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Shuqin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ruifen Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Tiangang Luan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and safety, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China; KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Chemistry College, Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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20
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Bates TL, Rafson J, Feng H, Pan BS, Mueller BRJ, Yancey B, Fatigante W, Sacks GL. Optimized Solid-Phase Mesh-Enhanced Sorption from Headspace (SPMESH) for Rapid Sub-ng/kg Measurements of 3-Isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) in Grapes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196195. [PMID: 36234747 PMCID: PMC9573488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parallel extraction of headspace volatiles from multiwell plates using sorbent sheets (HS-SPMESH) followed by direct analysis in real-time high-resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS) can be used as a rapid alternative to solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) for trace level volatile analyses. However, an earlier validation study of SPMESH-DART-MS using 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) in grape juice showed poor correlation between SPMESH-DART-MS and a gold standard SPME-GC-MS around the compound’s odor detection threshold (<10 ng/kg) in grape juice, and lacked sufficient sensitivity to detect IBMP at this concentration in grape homogenate. In this work, we report on the development and validation of an improved SPMESH extraction approach that lowers the limit of detection (LOD < 0.5 ng/kg), and regulates crosstalk between wells (<0.5%) over a calibration range of 0.5−100 ng/kg. The optimized SPMESH-DART-MS method was validated using Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot grape samples harvested from commercial vineyards in the central valley of California (n = 302) and achieved good correlation and agreement with SPME-GC-MS (R2 = 0.84) over the native range of IBMP (<0.5−20 ng/kg). Coupling of SPMESH to a lower resolution triple quadrupole (QqQ)-MS via a new JumpShot-HTS DART source also achieved low ng/kg detection limits, and throughput was improved through positioning stage optimizations which reduced time spent on intra-well SPMESH areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L. Bates
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jessica Rafson
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hui Feng
- E&J Gallo Winery, Modesto, CA 95354, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gavin L. Sacks
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-607-255-2335
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21
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Rodinkov O, Znamenskaya E, Spivakovsky V, Shilov R, Shishov A. Deep eutectic solvents-based headspace single-drop microextraction for the chromatographic determination of phenols and aliphatic alcohols in atmospheric air. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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A New Composite of O-aminobenzene Sulfonic Acid Self-Doped Polyaniline and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as a Fiber Coating for Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Cao HL, Yang C, Qian HL, Yan XP. Urea-linked covalent organic framework functionalized polytetrafluoroethylene film for selective and rapid thin film microextraction of rhodamine B. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1673:463133. [PMID: 35584564 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of highly selective and stable adsorbent with facile extraction technology is desired in practical analysis. Here we show the rational preparation of a urea-linked covalent organic framework functionalized polytetrafluoroethylene film (COF-117-PTFE) with ordered porous structure, rich functional groups, and large surface area-to-volume ratio as the effective adsorbent for convenient, selective and rapid thin film microextraction (TFME) of rhodamine B (RB). The COF-117-PTFE based TFME coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) successfully realized the determination of RB with the limit of detection of 0.007 μg L-1, the linear range of 0.1 - 100 μg L-1. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of intraday (n = 5) and interday (n = 5) for the determination of 10 μg L-1 RB were 2.3% and 6.8%, respectively. The absolute recoveries were 80.3%, 71.2% and 67.9% in river water, chili powder and Sichuan pepper powder, respectively. The recoveries for RB spiking in complicated real samples (dry chili, chili powder, dry Sichuan pepper, Sichuan pepper powder and river water) ranged from 90.4% to 107.5%. The developed COF-117-PTFE based TFME-HPLC-FLD method is promising in practical application. This work reveals the high potential of functionalized COF film as the adsorbent for effective extraction of trace contaminants in complicated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hai-Long Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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24
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Shahhoseini F, Azizi A, S.Bottaro C. A critical evaluation of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) coatings in solid phase microextraction devices. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Li P, Zhao J, Li N, Liu B, Zhang W, Zhu Z, Yan C, Xiao N, Lai H. Polyimidazolyl acetate ionic liquid grafted on cellulose filter paper as Thin‐Film extraction phase for extraction of Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory drugs from water. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2621-2631. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei‐Ying Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jia‐Hui Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Nian Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Bo Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd. Guangzhou 510650 China
- New Materials Research Institute of CASCHEM (Chongqing) Co. Ltd. Chongqing 400714 China
| | - Wen‐Ge Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zi‐Fan Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chao Yan
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ning‐Lan Xiao
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hua‐Jie Lai
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd. Guangzhou 510650 China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou 510650 China
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26
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Thin-film microextraction combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry screening for presence of multiclass organic pollutants in drinking water samples. Talanta 2022; 242:123301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Piryaei M, Abolghasemi MM. Binder-Free Decorated Cu Cluster-Based Metal-Organic Framework on Copper Film for Thin-Film Microextraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photo Diode Array Detection. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2070225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Piryaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
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28
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Werner J, Grześkowiak T, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A. A polydimethylsiloxane/deep eutectic solvent sol-gel thin film sorbent and its application to solid-phase microextraction of parabens. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1202:339666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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29
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Merlo F, Profumo A, Fontàs C, Anticó E. Preparation of new polymeric phases for thin-film liquid phase microextraction (TF-LPME) of selected organic pollutants. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Ayazi Z, Safarpour M, Ahmadi F. Monolithic polyethersulfone membrane modified with PVA and PVP as a novel extracting media for thin film microextraction of bisphenol A from aquatic samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Ingle RG, Zeng S, Jiang H, Fang WJ. Current development of bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:517-529. [PMID: 36105159 PMCID: PMC9463481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sample preparation is considered as the bottleneck step in bioanalysis because each biological matrix has its own unique challenges and complexity. Competent sample preparation to extract the desired analytes and remove redundant components is a crucial step in each bioanalytical approach. The matrix effect is a key hurdle in bioanalytical sample preparation, which has gained extensive consideration. Novel sample preparation techniques have advantages over classical techniques in terms of accuracy, automation, ease of sample preparation, storage, and shipment and have become increasingly popular over the past decade. Our objective is to provide a broad outline of current developments in various bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in chromatographic and spectroscopic examinations. In addition, how these techniques have gained considerable attention over the past decade in bioanalytical research is mentioned with preferred examples. Modern trends in bioanalytical sample preparation techniques, including sorbent-based microextraction techniques, are primarily emphasized. Bioanalytical sampling techniques are described with suitable applications in pharmaceuticals. The pros and cons of each bioanalytical sampling techniques are described. Relevant biological matrices are outlined.
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Werner J, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A, Grześkowiak T. Development of novel thin-film solid-phase microextraction materials based on deep eutectic solvents for preconcentration of trace amounts of parabens in surface waters. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1374-1384. [PMID: 35137554 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A green and sensitive thin-film solid-phase microextraction method based on deep eutectic solvent was developed that enables simultaneous isolation, preconcentration, and determination of parabens in surface waters. Six new deep eutectic solvents were synthesized and used directly to prepare thin-film coatings on a stainless steel mesh support. Among the compounds obtained, the highest efficiency in the extraction of parabens was found for a material consisting of trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride and n-docosanol in a molar ratio of 1:2. For the proposed method, parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of parabens, such as the coating material, the desorption solvent, the volume of the sample, the pH of the sample, the extraction and desorption time, and the salting-out effect, were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method allowed us to achieve good precision between 3.6 and 6.5% and recovery ranging from 68.1 to 91.4%. The limits of detection range from 0.018 to 0.055 ng mL-1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Werner
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poland
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Yu M, Roszkowska A, Pawliszyn J. In Vivo Solid-Phase Microextraction and Applications in Environmental Sciences. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2022; 2:30-41. [PMID: 37101756 PMCID: PMC10114724 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a well-established sample-preparation technique for environmental studies. The application of SPME has extended from the headspace extraction of volatile compounds to the capture of active components in living organisms via the direct immersion of SPME probes into the tissue (in vivo SPME). The development of biocompatible coatings and the availability of different calibration approaches enable the in vivo sampling of exogenous and endogenous compounds from the living plants and animals without the need for tissue collection. In addition, new geometries such as thin-film coatings, needle-trap devices, recession needles, coated tips, and blades have increased the sensitivity and robustness of in vivo sampling. In this paper, we detail the fundamentals of in vivo SPME, including the various extraction modes, coating geometries, calibration methods, and data analysis methods that are commonly employed. We also discuss recent applications of in vivo SPME in environmental studies and in the analysis of pollutants in plant and animal tissues, as well as in human saliva, breath, and skin analysis. As we show, in vivo SPME has tremendous potential for the targeted and untargeted screening of small molecules in living organisms for environmental monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Anna Roszkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-416, Poland
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Jiménez-Skrzypek G, Ortega-Zamora C, González-Sálamo J, Hernández-Borges J. Miniaturized green sample preparation approaches for pharmaceutical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114405. [PMID: 34653744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of green sample preparation procedures is an extremely important research field in which more and more applications are constantly being proposed in different areas, including pharmaceutical analysis. This review article is aimed at providing a general overview of the development of miniaturized green analytical sample preparation procedures in the pharmaceutical analysis field, with special focus on the works published between January 2017 and July 2021. Particular attention has been paid to the application of environmentally friendly solvents and sorbents as well as nanomaterials or high extraction capacity sorbents in which the solvent volumes and reagents amounts are drastically reduced, with their subsequent advantages from the sustainability point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Jiménez-Skrzypek
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España
| | - Cecilia Ortega-Zamora
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España
| | - Javier González-Sálamo
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España; Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España.
| | - Javier Hernández-Borges
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España; Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España.
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Yiantzi E, Murtada K, Terzidis K, Pawliszyn J, Psillakis E. Vacuum-assisted headspace thin-film microextraction: Theoretical formulation and method optimization for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1189:339217. [PMID: 34815047 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The thin films used in headspace thin-film microextraction (HS-TFME) enable higher sensitivity and superior extraction rates compared to other microextraction approaches, largely due to their greater surface area-to-volume ratio and extraction-phase volume. Nonetheless, analytes exhibiting a low affinity for the headspace and/or large partitioning between the extraction phase and headspace will still require more time to reach equilibrium. In this paper, we detail the development of a new method, termed as vacuum-assisted HS-TFME (Vac-HS-TFME), and we demonstrate how its use of vacuum conditions can accelerate the extraction kinetics of analytes with long equilibration times. The pressure-dependence of the extraction process was formulated and related to improvements in gas-phase diffusivity when lowering the total pressure. Four low-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were used to experimentally verify the improvements in extraction efficiencies enabled by Vac-HS-TFME (vs. HS-TFME). To this end, the effects of temperature and extraction time on Vac-HS-TFME were investigated, with the results being compared to those obtained via regular HS-TFME. Furthermore, the use of a high-capacity sorbent in TFME allowed the positive effects of temperature and vacuum conditions to be combined successfully. Extraction-time profiles constructed at 30 and 50 °C revealed substantial acceleration in the overall extraction kinetics when sampling under vacuum conditions. At 50 °C, all of the analytes extracted via Vac-HS-TFME reached equilibrium within 45 min, whereas only two reached this state under atmospheric pressure. Vac-HS-TFME's analytical performance was evaluated under optimized conditions, and the results were compared to those obtained with regular HS-TFME. The findings revealed that for the two lighter PAHs, the performance of the two methods was similar since they were extracted close or at equilibrium. However, the calibration models for the two heavier PAHs tested here were linear over a wider concentration range (50-10000 ng L-1) when using Vac-HS-TFME, had superior intra-day repeatability (7.4% and 6.7% vs. 11% and 9.3% with regular HS-TFME), and the limits of detection were lower compared to regular HS-TFME (15 and 11 ng L-1 compared to 136 to 100 ng L-1 with regular HS-TFME). Finally, the analysis of spiked wastewater effluent samples showed that the matrix did not affect extraction. The proposed Vac-HS-TFME approach combines the advantages of low-pressure sampling and high-capacity sorbent, and has a great potential for future applications in food, flavour, environmental, and biological analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Yiantzi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Chemistry, School of Environmental Engineering, Polytechnioupolis, Technical University of Crete, GR-73100, Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - Khaled Murtada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, N2L3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Konstantinos Terzidis
- Laboratory of Aquatic Chemistry, School of Environmental Engineering, Polytechnioupolis, Technical University of Crete, GR-73100, Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, N2L3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elefteria Psillakis
- Laboratory of Aquatic Chemistry, School of Environmental Engineering, Polytechnioupolis, Technical University of Crete, GR-73100, Chania, Crete, Greece.
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Azizi A, Shahhoseini F, Bottaro CS. Biological matrix compatible porous thin film for quick extraction of drugs of abuse from urine prior to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Talanta 2022; 241:123264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shahriman MS, Mohamad S, Mohamad Zain NN, Alias Y, Chandrasekaram K, Raoov M. Paper-based polymeric ionic liquid for thin film micro extraction of sulfonamides in environmental water samples prior to HPLC-DAD analysis. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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39
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Dinmohammadpour Z, Yamini Y, Nazraz M, Shamsayei M. A new configuration for in-tube solid phase microextraction based on a thin-film coating. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Hu B, Ouyang G. In situ solid phase microextraction sampling of analytes from living human objects for mass spectrometry analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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41
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Bazargan M, Ghaemi F, Amiri A, Mirzaei M. Metal–organic framework-based sorbents in analytical sample preparation. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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42
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Derikvand A, Ghiasvand A, Dalvand K, Haddad PR. Fabrication and evaluation of a portable low-pressure headspace solid-phase microextraction device for on-site analysis. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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Faraji M, Shirani M, Rashidi-Nodeh H. The recent advances in magnetic sorbents and their applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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44
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Shahhoseini F, Langille EA, Azizi A, Bottaro CS. Thin film molecularly imprinted polymer (TF-MIP), a selective and single-use extraction device for high-throughput analysis of biological samples. Analyst 2021; 146:3157-3168. [PMID: 33999057 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02228d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing selectivity, reducing matrix effects and increasing analytical throughput have been the main objectives in the development of biological sample preparation techniques. A thin film molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is employed for extraction and analysis of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) as a model class of compounds in human plasma for the first time to reach the abovementioned goals. The thin film MIPs prepared on a metal substrate can be used directly for extraction from biological matrices with no sample manipulation steps and no pre-conditioning. This method was validated with good linearity (R2 > 0.99 in 1.0-500.0 ng mL-1 range), excellent accuracy (90% -110%) and precision (RSD % value less than 15%) in pooled human plasma samples (N = 3). The limits of quantitation (LOQ) for TCAs in plasma samples were between 1.0-5.0 ng mL-1 which are lower than the therapeutic ranges of these drugs. Kinetic and isotherm studies showed the superior performance of MIP sorbent compared to a non-imprinted polymer (NIP) sorbent in extracting TCAs from a bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution. The optimized and validated method for pooled human plasma was utilized for monitoring the concentration of TCAs in three patient samples who had been prescribed TCAs. These selective single-use thin film extraction devices are promising for efficient and fast procedures for analyzing biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Shahhoseini
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, A1B 3X7, Canada.
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45
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Benedé JL, Chisvert A, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Synergistic combination of polyamide-coated paper-based sorptive phase for the extraction of antibiotics in saliva. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1164:338512. [PMID: 33992212 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of analytical methods that allow the simultaneous determination of a wide range of analytes with different properties is one of the focuses of attention in Analytical Chemistry. This work describes a proof-of-concept of the synergistic extraction of a planar paper-based sorptive phase modified with a polyamide such as nylon. This as-prepared sorptive phase enables the extraction of six penicillin-derived antibiotics of different polarity from human saliva samples in the same analysis, since the analytes either interact with the paper or with the nylon. The synthesis of the sorptive phase is simple as it only requires dipping the paper into an organic solution of the polymer (i.e., nylon in formic acid). Then, the modified paper-based sorptive phase is introduced in an Eppendorf tube to perform the extraction of the analytes, and subsequent desorption and measurement by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the method enables the determination of the analytes in saliva samples with limits of detection from 2.4 to 3.7 ng mL-1. Relative standard deviation (RSD) below 10% for all the target analytes and relative recoveries between 84 and 123% were achieved by using matrix-matched calibration. The results confirm the versatility and the synergistic extraction of the polyamide-coated paper-based sorptive phase, and its potential to be applied in bioanalysis. Moreover, the easy synthesis of the sorptive phase and the low cost of its preparation, as well as the high sample throughput analysis, are some of the main features of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Benedé
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (anexo), E-14071, Córdoba, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Chisvert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (anexo), E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (anexo), E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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Dugheri S, Marrubini G, Mucci N, Cappelli G, Bonari A, Pompilio I, Trevisani L, Arcangeli G. A review of micro-solid-phase extraction techniques and devices applied in sample pretreatment coupled with chromatographic analysis. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2020.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSample pretreatment is one of the most crucial and error-prone steps of an analytical procedure; it consents to improve selectivity and sensitivity by sample clean-up and pre-concentration. Nowadays, the arousing interest in greener and sustainable analytical chemistry has increased the development of microextraction techniques as alternative sample preparation procedures. In this review, we aimed to show two different categorizations of the most used micro-solid-phase extraction (μSPE) techniques. In essence, the first one concerns the solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent selection and structure: normal-phase, reversed-phase, ion-exchange, mixed-mode, molecular imprinted polymer, and special techniques (e.g., doped cartridges for specific analytes). The second is a grouping of the commercially available μSPE products in categories and sub-categories. We present every device and technology into the classifications paying attention to their historical development and the actual state of the art. So, this study aims to provide the state-of-the-art of μSPE techniques, highlighting their advantages, disadvantages, and possible future developments in sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Dugheri
- 1Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Mucci
- 3Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cappelli
- 3Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Ilenia Pompilio
- 4General Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Trevisani
- 3Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulio Arcangeli
- 3Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Khataei MM, Yamini Y, Shamsayei M. Applications of porous frameworks in solid-phase microextraction. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1231-1263. [PMID: 33433916 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Porous frameworks are a term of attracting solid materials assembled by interconnection of molecules and ions. These trendy materials due to high chemical and thermal stability, well-defined pore size and structure, and high effective surface area gained attention to employ as extraction phase in sample pretreatment methods before analytical analysis. Solid-phase microextraction is an important subclass of sample preparation technique that up to now different configurations of this method have been introduced to get adaptable with different environments and analytical instruments. In this review, theoretical aspect and different modes of solid-phase microextraction method are investigated. Different classes of porous frameworks and their applications as extraction phase in the proposed microextraction method are evaluated. Types and features of supporting substrates and coating procedures of porous frameworks on them are reviewed. At the end, the prospective and the challenges ahead in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Khataei
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shamsayei
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Rezayat MR, Jafari MT. Organic solvent supported silica aerogel thin film microextraction: An efficient sample preparation method for ion mobility spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Billiard KM, Dershem AR, Gionfriddo E. Implementing Green Analytical Methodologies Using Solid-Phase Microextraction: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225297. [PMID: 33202856 PMCID: PMC7696234 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Implementing green analytical methodologies has been one of the main objectives of the analytical chemistry community for the past two decades. Sample preparation and extraction procedures are two parts of analytical method development that can be best adapted to meet the principles of green analytical chemistry. The goal of transitioning to green analytical chemistry is to establish new methods that perform comparably—or superiorly—to traditional methods. The use of assessment tools to provide an objective and concise evaluation of the analytical methods’ adherence to the principles of green analytical chemistry is critical to achieving this goal. In this review, we describe various sample preparation and extraction methods that can be used to increase the greenness of a given analytical method. We gave special emphasis to modern microextraction technologies and their important contributions to the development of new green analytical methods. Several manuscripts in which the greenness of a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique was compared to other sample preparation strategies using the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), a green assessment tool, were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M. Billiard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA;
| | - Amanda R. Dershem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Siena Heights University, Adrian, MI 49221, USA;
| | - Emanuela Gionfriddo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA;
- Dr. Nina McClelland Laboratory for Water Chemistry and Environmental Analysis, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-419-530-1508
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50
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Di Carro M, Lluveras-Tenorio A, Benedetti B, Magi E. An innovative sampling approach combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of emerging pollutants in drinking water. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4608. [PMID: 32707599 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an innovative sampling and preconcentration method followed by analysis with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of different emerging pollutants (five anti-inflammatory drugs and one antibacterial agent) in water matrices. Thin-film microextraction blades, consisting of stainless steel blades with a coating made of divinylbenzene, have been employed. The blades, fixed onto a stainless steel support, were mounted on a laboratory stirrer with adjustable speed, immersed in water samples and eluted with methanol. The analytical procedure was developed, carefully optimizing stirring speed and extraction time. A good reproducibility among the blades was observed; quantitation limits at the ng L-1 level were achieved. Calibration curves were constructed by applying the whole procedure to tap water samples, free from analytes, spiked with standards in the concentration range 0.01-2 μg L-1 ; good linearity was obtained, with R2 between 0.9984 and 0.9991. The optimized method was applied to tap and surface waters; two anti-inflammatory drugs were detected at the ng L-1 level in surface water. In one sample, diclofenac and naproxen were measured at 26 ± 5 and 15 ± 1 ng L-1 , respectively; only diclofenac was quantified in the other sample at 14 ± 3 ng L-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Di Carro
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genoa 16146, Italy
| | - Anna Lluveras-Tenorio
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Benedetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genoa 16146, Italy
| | - Emanuele Magi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genoa 16146, Italy
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