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Morales N, Thickett SC, Maya F. Effect of crosslinker/porogen ratio on sponge-nested polymer monoliths for solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465124. [PMID: 38959657 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymer monoliths can be polymerised within different molds, but limited options are available for the preparation of free-standing polymer monoliths for analytical sample preparation, and in particular, solid-phase extraction (SPE). Commercial melamine-formaldehyde sponges can be used as supports for the preparation of polymer monoliths, due its flexibility, giving various shapes to monoliths. Herein, the crosslinker/porogen ratio of highly porous sponge-nested divinylbenzene (DVB) polymer monoliths has been evaluated. Monoliths prepared using different crosslinker/porogen ratios were applied to the extraction of bisphenol F, bisphenol A, bisphenol AF, and bisphenol B. Monoliths containing 50 wt % DVB and 50 wt % porogens presented the highest recovery of bisphenols. Under the optimised conditions, the developed method showed a linear range between 2.5 µg L-1 and 150 µg L-1 for BPA and BPAF, and between 5 µg L-1 and 150 µg L-1 for BPB and BPF. The limits of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) and limits of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) ranged from 0.36 µg L-1 to 1.09 µg L-1, and from 1.20 µg L-1 to 3.65 µg L-1, respectively. The recoveries for spiked bisphenols (10 µg L-1) in tap water and water contained in a polycarbonate containers were between 82 % and 114 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Morales
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Stuart C Thickett
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Fernando Maya
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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2
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Tintrop LK, Salemi A, Jochmann MA, Engewald WR, Schmidt TC. Improving greenness and sustainability of standard analytical methods by microextraction techniques: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1271:341468. [PMID: 37328248 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Since environmental awareness has increased in analytical chemistry, the demand for green sample preparation methods continues to grow. Microextractions such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) miniaturize the pre-concentration step and are a more sustainable alternative to conventional large-scale extractions. However, the integration of microextractions in standard and routine analysis methods is rare, although these applications are used most frequently and have a role model function. Therefore, it is important to highlight that microextractions are capable to replace large-scale extractions in standard and routine methods. This review discusses the greenness, benefits, and drawbacks of the most common LPME and SPME variants compatible with gas chromatography based on the following key evaluation principles: Automation, solvent consumption, hazards, reusability, energy consumption, time efficiency, and handling. Furthermore, the need to integrate microextractions into standard and routine analytical methods is presented by using method greenness evaluation metrics AGREE, AGREEprep, and GAPI applied to USEPA methods and their replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie K Tintrop
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Amir Salemi
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Maik A Jochmann
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Werner R Engewald
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnestraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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3
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Hao W, Cardin DB. Full Evaporative Vacuum Extraction─A Quantitative and Green Approach for Analysis of Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Drinking Water and Surface Water Using GC-MS. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3959-3967. [PMID: 36749651 PMCID: PMC9979150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Full evaporative vacuum extraction (FEVE) was developed in this work for analysis of a broad range of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in drinking water and surface water. Sorbent pens are used in a two-stage process that first evaporates the sample matrix through sorbent beds under vacuum to recover the lighter SVOCs, followed by the application of a higher temperature and stronger vacuum to the sample vial to recover the remaining heavier SVOCs once the matrix has evaporated. After extraction, the sorbent pens are desorbed into a GC-MS using a uniquely designed "splitless" delivery system to maximize sensitivity. Critical extraction and desorption parameters that affect the method performance were optimized. After FEVE, the sorbent pens can be stored for 7-10 days at room temperature while maintaining a less than 15% loss in analyte recovery. As a proof of concept, 10 drinking water and surface water samples were analyzed using this method. 69 analytes were detected in these water samples, with the highest concentration of 1986 ng/L for bromacil. Heptachlor epoxide, chlorpyrifos, metolachlor, butachlor, and 2,3',4',5-tetrachlorobiphenyl were detected in four samples. None of the analytes were above the health and safety thresholds set by California Proposition 65.
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Morales N, Thickett SC, Maya F. Sponge-nested polymer monolith sorptive extraction. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1687:463668. [PMID: 36463645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymer monoliths are an alternative to traditional particle-packed supports used in solid-phase extraction because of their ease of preparation, high porosity, and pH stability. They often required the attachment of monoliths to a support, such as the internal walls of a column to enable their use for sample preparation. Applications of free-standing polymer monoliths are rarely found because of their limited mechanical stability. Herein, divinylbenzene monoliths were polymerised within a commercial melamine-formaldehyde sponge using different polymerisation times. The sponge-nested polymer monoliths are highly robust, and their size and shape can be easily adjusted for desired applications. The prepared sponge-nested polymer monoliths had surface areas in the range of 237 m2 g-1 to 369 m2 g-1. A melamine-formaldehyde sponge cut into 1 cm3 cubes were used to template the polymer monoliths. Miniaturized monoliths with a size of 0.125 cm3 were directly cut from the larger cubes without compromising the integrity of the porous monolith structure. The resulting nested monolith sorptive extraction (NMSE) supports were applied for the extraction of the endocrine disruptors bisphenol A, 4-tert-butylphenol, and 4-tert-octylphenol. The prepared sponge-nested monoliths are low-cost (40 monoliths/AU$). NMSE was carried out by the direct immersion of the monoliths in the aqueous standards/samples, requiring only an orbital shaker for the extraction procedure. Best performance was obtained for polymer monoliths polymerized for 6 h, enabling limits of detection of 5.6 to 6.5 µg L-1 for the selected analysis using HPLC-UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Morales
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Stuart C Thickett
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Fernando Maya
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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Identification of volatile producing enzymes in higher fungi: Combining analytical and bioinformatic methods. Methods Enzymol 2022; 664:221-242. [PMID: 35331375 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi harbor the genetic potential for the biosynthesis of several secondary metabolites including various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Nonetheless, under standard laboratory conditions, many of these VOCs are not formed. Furthermore, little is known about enzymes involved in the production of fungal VOCs. To tap these interesting topics, we developed an approach to identify enzymes putatively involved in the fungal VOC biosynthesis. In this chapter, we highlight different fungal cultivation methods and techniques for the extraction of VOCs, including a method that allows the noninvasive analysis of VOCs. In addition using terpene synthases as an example, it is depicted how enzymes putatively involved in VOC synthesis can be identified by means of bioinformatic approaches. Transcriptomic data of chosen genes combined with volatilome data obtained during different developmental stages is demonstrated as a powerful tool to identify enzymes putatively involved in fungal VOC biosynthesis. Especially with regard to subsequent enzyme characterization, this procedure is a target-oriented way to save time and efforts by considering only the most important enzymes.
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Nadal JC, Catalá-Icardo M, Borrull F, Herrero-Martínez JM, Marcé RM, Fontanals N. Weak anion-exchange mixed-mode materials to selectively extract acidic compounds by stir bar sorptive extraction from environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1663:462748. [PMID: 34965484 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the first example of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based magnet coated with weak anion exchange (WAX) monolith as novel support for stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) is presented. Firstly, the PTFE magnets were properly modified and vinylized in order to immobilize polymer monoliths onto its surface. Then, a glycidyl methacrylate monolith was prepared and modified with ethylenediamine (EDA) to create weak anion exchanger via ring opening reaction of epoxy groups. The prepared covalently immobilized EDA-modified monoliths onto PTFE magnet exhibited good stability and reusability. Application of resulting material as stir bar for SBSE was investigated for a series of acidic compounds that includes acesulfame, saccharin, diclofenac or ibuprofen, among others as target compounds. Firstly, the SBSE conditions were optimized to promote the WAX interactions with the target compounds achieving recoveries from 37 to 75% and enable the selective extraction of these compounds as it provided values of% matrix effect from 17 to -13% when they were determined by SBSE followed by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. The analytical methodology, was then validated and applied for the determination of the target solutes in environmental water samples, which were found at concentration up to 2500 ng L-1 in river waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Carles Nadal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Mónica Catalá-Icardo
- Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras, Campus de Gandia, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Paranimf 1, Grao de Gandia, Valencia 46730, Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Maria Marcé
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Núria Fontanals
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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Kermani M, Jafari MT, Saraji M. Self-rotating stir mesh screen sorptive extraction for analyzing chlorpyrifos by ion mobility spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:2631-2644. [PMID: 34036984 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00595b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A mesh screen was electrochemically coated with polypyrrole and used as a sorptive extractor device, for the first time. This configuration acts in such a way that it is self-rotating in the presence of a magnetic force and can be used for extraction and concentration of analytes. Actually, applying a mesh screen instead of a bar or plate in sorptive extraction provided a more effective contact area between the sorptive materials and sample solution, resulting in higher sorption efficiency. The device performance was assessed by using chlorpyrifos pesticide as a model analyte. A thermal desorption unit was coupled to an ion mobility spectrometer and applied for evaporating the extracted analyte. Different parameters affecting the extraction efficiency during the electro-polymerization and the extraction process, including the time of electrodeposition, the concentration of pyrrole, oxalic acid and salt, temperature and time of extraction, and the stirring rate of the extractor device were investigated and optimized, simultaneously. The detection and quantification limits of the method were calculated to be 0.035 and 0.1 μg L-1, respectively. The linear dynamic range obtained was from 0.1 to 20 μg L-1, with a determination coefficient of 0.9984. The intra-day and inter-day-relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 3) were lower than 3% and 8%, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the absolute recovery and the enrichment factor were found to be 97% and 5820, respectively. Finally, the relative recoveries of the proposed method were calculated to be in the range of 86-111% for spiked water, wastewater, and apple samples. The results obtained from the method were validated by EPA method 622.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoure Kermani
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
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8
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In situ growth of copper-based metal-organic framework on a helical shape copper wire as a sorbent in stir-bar sorptive extraction of fenthion followed by corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462279. [PMID: 34090053 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a helical copper wire, coated with copper-benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid metal-organic framework (Cu-BDC) was used as a sorbent for stir-bar sorptive extraction of fenthion from water and fruit samples. The homogenous coating was fabricated through two simple and fast steps. The chemical conversion of copper substrate to copper hydroxide nanotubes (Cu(OH)2 NTs) was performed in an alkaline solution and then Cu-BDC was formed through a neutralization reaction. Corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry in positive mode was applied for the detection of fenthion. To improve the sensitivity of the method, some synthesis and extraction parameters affecting the extraction efficiency such as benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid concentration, ionic strength, sample pH, stirring rate, extraction temperature, and extraction time were investigated. The linear dynamic range between 0.5 and 80 μg L-1 and detection limit of 0.1 μg L-1 were obtained under optimal conditions. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were less than 6.4 and 8.6%, respectively. The applicability of the method was examined for the analysis of different samples (i.e., well water, agricultural wastewater, and orange). The recovery for the determination of fenthion in spiked samples varied from 88 to 111%.
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9
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Manousi N, Plastiras OE, Deliyanni EA, Zachariadis GA. Green Bioanalytical Applications of Graphene Oxide for the Extraction of Small Organic Molecules. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092790. [PMID: 34065150 PMCID: PMC8126010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioanalysis is the scientific field of the quantitative determination of xenobiotics (e.g., drugs and their metabolites) and biotics (e.g., macromolecules) in biological matrices. The most common samples in bioanalysis include blood (i.e., serum, plasma and whole blood) and urine. However, the analysis of alternative biosamples, such as hair and nails are gaining more and more attention. The main limitations for the determination of small organic compounds in biological samples is their low concentration in these matrices, in combination with the sample complexity. Therefore, a sample preparation/analyte preconcentration step is typically required. Currently, the development of novel microextraction and miniaturized extraction techniques, as well as novel adsorbents for the analysis of biosamples, in compliance with the requirements of Green Analytical Chemistry, is in the forefront of research in analytical chemistry. Graphene oxide (GO) is undoubtedly a powerful adsorbent for sample preparation that has been successfully coupled with a plethora of green extraction techniques. GO is composed of carbon atoms in a sp2 single-atom layer of a hybrid connection, and it exhibits high surface area, as well as good mechanical and thermal stability. In this review, we aim to discuss the applications of GO and functionalized GO derivatives in microextraction and miniaturized extraction techniques for the determination of small organic molecules in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (G.A.Z.)
| | - Orfeas-Evangelos Plastiras
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Eleni A. Deliyanni
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George A. Zachariadis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (G.A.Z.)
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Meng Y, Liu W, Liu X, Zhang J, Peng M, Zhang T. A review on analytical methods for pharmaceutical and personal care products and their transformation products. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 101:260-281. [PMID: 33334521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and corresponding transformation products have caused widespread concern due to their persistent emissions and potential toxicity. They have wide octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow) and different ionization constants (pKa) resulting in a poor analysis accuracy and efficiency. A suitable analytical method is the first prerequisite for further research on their environmental behavior to prioritize the substances. This study reviewed a full-scale analytical protocol for environmental samples in the recent ten years: from sampling to instrumental methods. Passive sampling techniques were compared and recommended for long-term continuous and scientific observation. A quick and effective sample extraction and clean-up method are highly required. Chromatographic methods coupled to mass spectrometry for determining PPCPs with a wide range of logKow (-7.53 to 10.80) were summed up. High-resolution mass spectrometry was confirmed to be a promising strategy for screening unknown transformation products, which would provide a nanogram level of detection limits and more accurate mass resolution. Screening strategies and mass change principles were summarized in detail. The recovery rate was important in multiple contaminants analysis identification and factors affecting the recovery rate of PPCPs were also discussed in this review, including sample matrix, target compounds characteristics, extraction method and solid-phase adsorbent. This review provides useful information for the selection of appropriate analytical methods and future development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weiyi Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Meng Peng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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11
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Martins RO, de Araújo GL, de Freitas CS, Silva AR, Simas RC, Vaz BG, Chaves AR. Miniaturized sample preparation techniques and ambient mass spectrometry as approaches for food residue analysis. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1640:461949. [PMID: 33556677 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Analytical methods such as liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) are widely used techniques for the analyses of different classes of compounds. This is due to their highlighted capacity for separating and identifying components in complex matrices such food samples. However, in most cases, effective analysis of the target analyte becomes challenging due to the complexity of the sample, especially for quantification of trace concentrations. In this case, miniaturized sample preparation methods have been used as a strategy for analysis of complex matrices. This involves removing the interferents and concentrating the analytes in a sample. These methods combine simplicity and effectiveness and given their miniaturized scale, they are in accordance with green chemistry precepts. Besides, ambient mass spectrometry represents a new trend in fast and rapid analyses, especially for qualitative and screening analysis. However, for complex matrix analyses, sample preparation is still a difficult step and the miniaturized sample preparation techniques show great potential for an improved and widespread use of ambient mass spectrometry techniques. . This review aims to contribute as an overview of current miniaturized sample preparation techniques and ambient mass spectrometry methods as different approaches for selective and sensitive analysis of residues in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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12
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Teixeira NA, Miyazaki DMS, Grassi MT, Zawadzki SF, Abate G. Application of a new adhesive elastomeric coating and hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced sorbent for modified stir-bar sorptive extraction. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5815-5822. [PMID: 33236730 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01594f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new polyurethane adhesive was evaluated to fix a hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced sorbent and to produce modified stir-bars. It presented high mechanical and chemical resistance, indicating that it is an adequate adhesive. The homemade bars were employed to determine bisphenol A, diclofenac, ibuprofen and triclosan in aqueous medium. Satisfactory figures of merit were observed, with LOD between 0.06 and 0.30 ng mL-1 and enrichment factors between 133 and 195 times, using an extraction time of 2 h. The stir-bars were employed to determine the four analytes in water samples, presenting recovery results from 53 to 135% and RSD between 0.7 and 20%. In general, the results observed here indicated that the adhesive is an appropriate alternative material to fix HLB particles, and could probably be applied to other sorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha A Teixeira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19061, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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13
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He M, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zang L, Chen B, Hu B. Stir bar sorptive extraction and its application. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1637:461810. [PMID: 33360434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) in the past six years is reviewed. The preparation methods including electrodeposition, self-assembly, solvent exchange, physical magnetic adsorption and electrostatic spinning, for the coated stir bar are summarized and compared, specifically for a specific material for coatings fabrication, e.g., carbon-based materials and metal organic frameworks. The emerging materials (e.g., graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, monolith, metal-organic frameworks and porous organic polymers) applied for coated stir bar fabrication are one of the focus of this review, along with their respective advantages in extraction process and application in trace analysis. The development and application of extraction apparatus of SBSE are also involved. Based on these information, the development status and prospects of SBSE as an efficient sample pretreatment technique in real sample analysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qiulin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lijuan Zang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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14
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Hasan CK, Ghiasvand A, Lewis TW, Nesterenko PN, Paull B. Recent advances in stir-bar sorptive extraction: Coatings, technical improvements, and applications. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1139:222-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Specific recognition of cationic paraquat in environmental water and vegetable samples by molecularly imprinted stir-bar sorptive extraction based on monohydroxylcucurbit[7]uril-paraquat inclusion complex. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:578. [PMID: 32975594 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted stir-bar coatings were created based on a hydroxylcucurbit[7]uril-paraquat inclusion complex. The inclusion complex that contained paraquat (PQ) as a template and monohydroxylcucurbit[7]uril ((OH)Q[7]) as a monomer was preassembled mainly through cavity inclusion interaction of (OH)Q[7] to form a one-dimensional self-assembly structure. The inclusion complex was anchored chemically on the surface of a glass stir bar with hydroxy-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) by the sol-gel technique to obtain a molecularly imprinted polymer-coated stir bar (MIP-SB). The molecularly imprinted coating showed specific adsorption for cationic PQ in aqueous media. Other quaternary amine compounds with a similar structure that coexisted in the solution, such as ethyl-viologen, diquat, and difenzoquat, were almost not extracted by the prepared MIP-SB. The sorptive capacity of the MIP-SB for PQ was nearly four times that of the non-imprinted stir bar (NIP-SB). The recognition mechanism indicated that the selectivity and extraction capacity resulted mainly from the imprinted cavity in the polymer that was formed by a one-dimensional assembly structure consisting of the (OH)Q[7]-PQ inclusion complex. The imprinted cavity was complementary to the PQ in shape, size, and functionality. A method to determine PQ in environmental water and vegetable samples was developed by combining MIP-SB sorptive extraction with HPLC-UV. The linear range was from 100 to 10,000 ng L-1 with a 8.2 ng L-1 detection limit for water samples and 0.02-0.85 mg kg-1 with a 0.005 mg kg-1 detection limit for vegetable samples. The limit of detection for both samples was lower than the EU-established maximum residual levels and that of other previously reported methods. The average recoveries were 70.0-96.1% with a relative standard deviation ≤ 7.6%, which showed the successful application in real sample analysis. Molecularly imprinted stir-bar coatings were created based on a hydroxylcucurbit[7]uril-paraquat (PQ) inclusion complex, which showed a specific recognition toward cationic PQ. A method to determine PQ in environmental water and vegetable samples was established by combining MIP-SB sorptive extraction with HPLC-UV.
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Nasrollahi Khoshkbar Z, Talebpour Z, Najafi Ghamat S, Farzaneh F. Fabrication, characterization, and application of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8/acrylate monolithic polymer as a composite phase for stir bar sorptive extraction. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Jalili V, Barkhordari A, Ghiasvand A. Solid-phase microextraction technique for sampling and preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A review. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Khatibi SA, Hamidi S, Siahi-Shadbad MR. Current trends in sample preparation by solid-phase extraction techniques for the determination of antibiotic residues in foodstuffs: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3361-3382. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1798349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Amin Khatibi
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samin Hamidi
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Siahi-Shadbad
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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Nadal JC, Borrull F, Furton KG, Kabir A, Fontanals N, Marcé RM. Selective monitoring of acidic and basic compounds in environmental water by capsule phase microextraction using sol-gel mixed-mode sorbents followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in tandem. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Ghaedrahmati L, Ghiasvand A, Heidari N. Headspace solid-phase microextraction sampling of endogenous aldehydes in biological fluids using a magnetic metal-organic framework/polyaniline nanocomposite. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:1130-1139. [PMID: 32627944 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporosity, crystal structure, good thermal and mechanical stability, high surface-to-volume ratio, nanoscale cavities, and uniform pore topology have made metal-organic frameworks one of the best class of sorbents for adsorption/separation purposes. In this research, a metal-organic framework/polyaniline magnetite nanocomposite was synthesized and intercalated by polyaniline by electrophoretic deposition on the surface of a thin steel wire, to prepare a solid-phase microextraction fiber. It was coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and employed for the extraction and determination of aldehydes in biological samples. The magnetic nanocomposite was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.01-1 and 0.1-1 µg/L for hexanal and heptanal, respectively. The limits of detections for hexanal and heptanal were 0.001 and 0.01 µg/L, respectively. Intrafiber repeatability for six replicate analyses of 0.2 µg/L of the analytes was over the range 3.5-7.1%. Interfiber (fiber-to-fiber) reproducibility, calculated by six replicate analyses of the same concentration using three different fibers, and was found to be 10.4-15.7%. The developed procedure was successfully utilized for the analysis of hexanal and heptanal in human plasma and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Ghiasvand
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran.,Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Nahid Heidari
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
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Surface area expansion by flower-like nanoscale layered double hydroxides for high efficient stir bar sorptive extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1116:45-52. [PMID: 32389188 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the surface area of stationary phase is essential in chromatographic science. In this work, nanoscale NiAl-layered double hydroxides (NiAl-LDHs) with flower-like structure was used as a platform for supporting the stationary phase. Then strong hydrophobic p-naphtholbenzein molecule was immobilized onto the LDHs layer as sorbent for stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE). The flower-like LDHs layer significantly increased the extraction efficiency through increasing the specific surface area and immobilized amounts of stationary phase. In addition, the LDHs can also provide anion exchange ability, which expanded the application of this stir bar for analysis of not only hydrophobic but also anionic analytes. For improving the workability, a poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) jacket stir bar with detachable dumbbell-shaped structure was employed. The PEEK jacket with high mechanical strength and dumbbell-shaped structure improved the durability of stir bar and the detectable design allowed elution to be realized with less solvent that enhanced the enrichment factor. The proposed stir bar showed good performance for the extraction of multiple analytes including flavonoids, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and chlorophenoxy acids. By coupling with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV), the SBSE-HPLC-UV method was applied for the extraction of three active components including bavachin, isobavachalcone and bavachinin in Psoralea corylifolia L. herb with low limit detection of 0.01-0.02 ng/mL.
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Fontanals N, Borrull F, Marcé RM. Overview of mixed-mode ion-exchange materials in the extraction of organic compounds. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1117:89-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Diez-Simon C, Ammerlaan B, van den Berg M, van Duynhoven J, Jacobs D, Mumm R, Hall RD. Comparison of volatile trapping techniques for the comprehensive analysis of food flavourings by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1624:461191. [PMID: 32540059 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Trapping volatiles is a convenient way to study aroma compounds but it is important to determine which volatile trapping method is most comprehensive in extracting the most relevant aroma components when investigating complex food products. Awareness of their limitations is also crucial. (Un)targeted metabolomic approaches were used to determine the volatile profiles of two commercial flavourings. Four trapping techniques were tested as was the addition of salt to the mixture. Comprehensiveness and repeatability were compared and SBSE proved particularly suitable for extracting components such as polysulfides, pyrazines and terpene alcohols, and provided an overall broader chemical spectrum. SPME proved to be more suitable in extracting sesquiterpenes and DHS in extracting monoterpenes. Adding salt to the sample had only quantitative effects on volatiles as detected by SPME. These results help clarify the advantages and limitations of different trapping techniques and hence deliver a valuable decision tool for food matrix analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Diez-Simon
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands; Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands.
| | - Brenda Ammerlaan
- DSM Food Specialties, Biotech campus Delft, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, Delft 2613 AX, The Netherlands
| | - Marco van den Berg
- DSM Food Specialties, Biotech campus Delft, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, Delft 2613 AX, The Netherlands
| | - John van Duynhoven
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Bronland 14, Wageningen 6708 WH, The Netherlands
| | - Doris Jacobs
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Bronland 14, Wageningen 6708 WH, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Mumm
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands; Wageningen Research (Bioscience), Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Robert D Hall
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands; Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands; Wageningen Research (Bioscience), Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
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Jinadasa BKKK, Monteau F, Morais S. Critical review of micro-extraction techniques used in the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biological, environmental and food samples. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1004-1026. [PMID: 32186468 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1733103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants and their accurate determination is very important to human health and environment safety. In this review, sorptive-based micro-extraction techniques [such as Solid-Phase Micro-extraction (SPME), Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE), Micro-extraction in Packed Sorbent (MEPS)] and solvent-based micro-extraction [Membrane-Mediated Liquid-Phase Micro-extraction (MM-LPME), Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Micro-extraction (DLLME), and Single Drop Micro-extraction (SDME)] developed for quantification of PAHs in environmental, biological and food samples are reviewed. Moreover, recent micro-extraction techniques that have been coupled with other sample extraction strategies are also briefly discussed. The main objectives of these micro-extraction techniques are to perform extraction, pre-concentration and clean up together as one step, and the reduction of the analysis time, cost and solvent following the green chemistry guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K K K Jinadasa
- Laboratoire D'étude Des Résidus Et Contaminants Dans Les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science, and Engineering (ONIRIS) , Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Monteau
- Laboratoire D'étude Des Résidus Et Contaminants Dans Les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science, and Engineering (ONIRIS) , Nantes, France
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior De Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto , Porto, Portugal
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25
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Biparva P, Gorji S, Hedayati E. Promoted reaction microextraction for determining pesticide residues in environmental water samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1612:460639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Wang C, Zhou W, Liao X, Li W, Chen Z. Covalent immobilization of ionic liquid-based porous polymer onto poly(ether ether ketone) for stir bar sorptive extraction and its application in analysis of chlorophenoxy acid herbicides in soil. Talanta 2020; 208:120442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Šrámková IH, Horstkotte B, Erben J, Chvojka J, Švec F, Solich P, Šatínský D. 3D-Printed Magnetic Stirring Cages for Semidispersive Extraction of Bisphenols from Water Using Polymer Micro- and Nanofibers. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3964-3971. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana H. Šrámková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 50 005, Czech Republic
| | - Burkhard Horstkotte
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 50 005, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Erben
- Faculty of Textile Engineering, Department of Nonwovens and Nanofibrous Materials, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Chvojka
- Faculty of Textile Engineering, Department of Nonwovens and Nanofibrous Materials, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - František Švec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 50 005, Czech Republic
| | | | - Dalibor Šatínský
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 50 005, Czech Republic
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28
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Monohydroxycucurbit[7]uril-coated stir-bar sorptive extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of apolar and polar organic compounds. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:846. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3910-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Tang K, Hu J, Fan W, Xu Y, Li JM. Chemometric analysis of Chinese red wines using stir bar sorptive extraction combined with GC–MS analysis. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Maciel EVS, de Toffoli AL, Neto ES, Nazario CED, Lanças FM. New materials in sample preparation: Recent advances and future trends. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Marcinkowska R, Konieczna K, Marcinkowski Ł, Namieśnik J, Kloskowski A. Application of ionic liquids in microextraction techniques: Current trends and future perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Contin MD, Quinsaat JE, Negri RM, Tripodi VP, Opris D, D Accorso NB. Development of carbohydrate functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for aminoglycosides magnetic solid phase extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1082:37-48. [PMID: 31472711 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles decorated with d-galactose and galactitol (Fe3O4@SiN-galactose and Fe3O4@SiN-galactitol) were synthesized and employed as sorbent in a magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) procedure prior the analysis of aminoglycosides (AGs) in honey samples by LC-MS/MS. AGs are broad spectrum antibiotics, characterized by aminosugars, widespread used in therapeutic and veterinary applications. AGs can be found in the environment and food of animal origin. Fe3O4@SiN-galactose and Fe3O4@SiN-galactitol were synthesized via copper catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition and the synthesis was efficiently followed by infrared spectroscopy. They were characterized by electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and magnetization curves. The nature of the loading (acetonitrile:water, 50:50 v/v) and elution solution (formic acid 190 mM) were studied in order to optimize the MSPE. Quantitative difference between MSPE with Fe3O4@SiN-galactose and MSPE with Fe3O4@SiN-galactitol in terms of recovery was found. The final optimized method using Fe3O4@SiN-galactose and Fe3O4@SiN-galactitol was applied in the determination of AGs in honey. The MSPE performance of Fe3O4@SiN-galactitol was found to be superior to that of MSPE with Fe3O4@SiN-galactose. The limits of quantification were between 2 and 19 μg kg-1 for amikacin, dihydrostreptomycin, tobramicyn and gentamycin. A good correlation between predicted and nominal values of AGs in honey was found (trueness from 84% to 109%). This MSPE procedure not only requires a minimum amount of sorbent (1 mg) and sample (0.2 g), but it can also be accomplish in a rather short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Daniel Contin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Analítica, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET, Argentina.
| | - Jose Enrico Quinsaat
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Überlandstr. 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - R Martín Negri
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Intendente Güiraldes, 2160, Buenos Aires, PC:1428, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de Materiales, Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE-), Intendente Güiraldes, 2160, Buenos Aires, PC:1428, Argentina
| | - Valeria Paula Tripodi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmaceutica, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dorina Opris
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Überlandstr. 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Norma Beatriz D Accorso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Intendente Güiraldes, 2160, Buenos Aires, PC:1428, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Intendente Güiraldes, 2160, Buenos Aires PC:1428, Argentina.
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Zhao ZY, Qin L, Huang XH, Zhang YY, Du M, Xu XB, Zhou DY, Zhu BW. Coated direct inlet probe coupled with atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization and high-resolution mass spectrometry for fast quantitation of target analytes. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1596:20-29. [PMID: 30885403 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The coated direct inlet probe (CDIP) is a new laboratory-made low-cost technology developed from a direct inlet probe (DIP), which has the advantage of quick enrichment/cleanup of an analyte from liquid samples. A capillary probe is coated with hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (OH-PDMS), divinylbenzene (DVB), and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) by a sol-gel method. This probe can be directly coupled with a commercialized atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI) ion source and high-resolution mass spectrometry, which are widely applicable, reliable, and durable. The ability to perform quantitative analyses with the use of a stable-isotope-labeled internal standard (SIL-IS) was tested by using different concentrations of acenaphthylene (ACY), acenaphthene (ACP), fluorene (FLR), fluoranthene (FLT), phenanthrene (PHE), and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Calibration curves with a coefficient of determination of R2 ≥ 0.9982 for different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were obtained. A limit of detection (LOD) of 0.008-0.04 ng mL-1 for PAHs was determined. The entire workflow is solvent-free and can be completed in less than 5 min, which demonstrates the advantages of this technique for quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yuan Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Lei Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Xu-Hui Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu-Ying Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Ming Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Xian-Bing Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Da-Yong Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Patinha DJ, Nellepalli P, Vijayakrishna K, Silvestre AJ, Marrucho IM. Poly(ionic liquid) embedded particles as efficient solid phase microextraction phases of polar and aromatic analytes. Talanta 2019; 198:193-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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35
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Analytical applications and physicochemical properties of ionic liquid-based hybrid materials: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1054:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Orban A, Fraatz MA, Rühl M. Aroma Profile Analyses of Filamentous Fungi Cultivated on Solid Substrates. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 169:85-107. [PMID: 30828753 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi have been used since centuries in the production of food by means of solid substrate fermentation (SSF). The most applied SSF involving fungi is the cultivation of mushrooms, e.g., on tree stumps or sawdust, for human consumption. However, filamentous fungi are also key players during manufacturing of several processed foods, like mold cheese, tempeh, soy sauce, and sake. In addition to their nutritive values, these foods are widely consumed due to their pleasant flavors. Based on the potentials of filamentous fungi to grow on solid substrates and to produce valuable aroma compounds, in recent decades, several studies concentrated on the production of aroma compounds with SSF, turning cheap agricultural wastes into valuable flavors. In this review, we focus on the presentation of common analytical methods for volatile substances and highlight various applications of SSF of filamentous fungi dealing with the production of aroma compounds. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Orban
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marco A Fraatz
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Rühl
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Giessen, Germany. .,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group "Bioresources", Giessen, Germany.
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David F, Ochiai N, Sandra P. Two decades of stir bar sorptive extraction: A retrospective and future outlook. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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38
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Mei M, Huang X, Chen L. Recent development and applications of poly (ionic liquid)s in microextraction techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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39
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Current Trends in Fully Automated On-Line Analytical Techniques for Beverage Analysis. BEVERAGES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages5010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The determination of target analytes in complex matrices such as beverages requires a series of analytical steps to obtain a reliable analysis. This critical review presents the current trends in sample preparation techniques based on solid phase extraction miniaturization, automation and on-line coupling. Techniques discussed include solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), in-tube solid-phase microextraction (in-tube SPME) and turbulent-flow chromatography (TFC). Advantages and limitations, as well as several of their main applications in beverage samples are discussed. Finally, fully automated on-line systems that involve extraction, chromatographic separation, and tandem mass spectrometry in one-step are introduced and critically reviewed.
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Wang C, Zhou W, Liao X, Wang X, Chen Z. Covalent immobilization of metal organic frameworks onto chemical resistant poly(ether ether ketone) jacket for stir bar extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1025:124-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Salvatierra-stamp V, Muñiz-Valencia R, Jurado JM, Ceballos-Magaña SG. Hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of emerging contaminants in water samples. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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42
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Zhou W, Wang C, Wang X, Chen Z. Etched poly(ether ether ketone) jacket stir bar with detachable dumbbell-shaped structure for stir bar sorptive extraction. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1553:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Babarahimi V, Talebpour Z, Haghighi F, Adib N, Vahidi H. Validated determination of losartan and valsartan in human plasma by stir bar sorptive extraction based on acrylate monolithic polymer, liquid chromatographic analysis and experimental design methodology. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 153:204-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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44
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Jafari MT, Rezayat MR, Mossaddegh M. Design and construction of an injection port for coupling stir-bar sorptive extraction with ion mobility spectrometry. Talanta 2018; 178:369-376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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45
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Recent Trends in Microextraction Techniques Employed in Analytical and Bioanalytical Sample Preparation. SEPARATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/separations4040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Reyes-Garcés N, Gionfriddo E, Gómez-Ríos GA, Alam MN, Boyacı E, Bojko B, Singh V, Grandy J, Pawliszyn J. Advances in Solid Phase Microextraction and Perspective on Future Directions. Anal Chem 2017; 90:302-360. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Md. Nazmul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Ezel Boyacı
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Jonathan Grandy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction for the Analysis of Veterinary Drugs Applied to Food Samples: A Review. Int J Anal Chem 2017; 2017:8215271. [PMID: 29181027 PMCID: PMC5664330 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8215271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To achieve analytical success, it is necessary to develop thorough clean-up procedures to extract analytes from the matrix. Dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) has been used as a pretreatment technique for the analysis of several compounds. This technique is based on the dispersion of a solid sorbent in liquid samples in the extraction isolation and clean-up of different analytes from complex matrices. DSPE has found a wide range of applications in several fields, and it is considered to be a selective, robust, and versatile technique. The applications of dispersive techniques in the analysis of veterinary drugs in different matrices involve magnetic sorbents, molecularly imprinted polymers, carbon-based nanomaterials, and the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method. Techniques based on DSPE permit minimization of additional steps such as precipitation, centrifugation, and filtration, which decreases the manipulation of the sample. In this review, we describe the main procedures used for synthesis, characterization, and application of this pretreatment technique and how it has been applied to food analysis.
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Stoski J, Leite NF, da Paixão RE, Abate G. Epoxy resin as a new alternative sorbent phase for stir bar sorptive extraction for the determination of triclosan and methyl-triclosan. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:1133-1140. [PMID: 28758837 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2017.1342497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to propose a new sorbent phase based on a commercial epoxy resin, for use as an alternative sorbent in the stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) technique. The analytes triclosan (TCS) and methyl-triclosan (MTCS) were selected in order to demonstrate the application of the bars, using some water samples as matrices. The extraction conditions of sample volume, stirring time, pH, temperature and ionic strength were evaluated, and for the back extraction, the bars were sonicated using 1.00 mL of acetonitrile for 10 min. The technique of liquid chromatography using a diode array detector was employed for the quantitation. Analytical curves of between 2.50 and 50.0 μg L-1 with r2 of 0.9894 (TCS) and 0.9933 (MTCS), and limit of detection (LOD) values of 0.6 μg L-1 (TCS) and 2.0 μg L-1 (MTCS) were observed. Recovery values between 100.4% and 121.6% were verified for ultrapure water and between 50.3% and 93.8% for wastewater samples, thereby suggesting the possibility of employing the bars for quantitation of TCS and MTCS in aqueous samples. This is the first time that this resin has been applied without the need for the adhesion of any additional sorbent phase, thereby providing a simple and low-cost method. Another feature is that only eight bars were employed in the entire work, and each bar was used approximately 40 times with the same performance without memory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackeline Stoski
- a Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico , Curitiba , PR , Brazil
- b Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader , Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | - Natalicio F Leite
- b Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader , Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | - Ronei E da Paixão
- b Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader , Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | - Gilberto Abate
- a Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico , Curitiba , PR , Brazil
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Introducing a new and rapid microextraction approach based on magnetic ionic liquids: Stir bar dispersive liquid microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 983:130-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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50
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Stir bar sorptive extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry determination of polar and non-polar emerging and priority pollutants in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1500:43-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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