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Youn JS, Kim YM, Siddiqui MZ, Watanabe A, Han S, Jeong S, Jung YW, Jeon KJ. Quantification of tire wear particles in road dust from industrial and residential areas in Seoul, Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147177. [PMID: 33895514 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined tire and road wear microparticles (TRWMPs) in road dust along the Seoul metropolitan area, from industrial and residential areas. The road dust samples were collected via vacuum sweep methods and then filtered to obtain particles with diameters less than 75 μm. To quantify the TRWMPs in road dust, we used the raw materials of tire components, natural rubber (NR), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), as standard materials. We evaluated the usability of the pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry py-GC/MS method introduced in ISO/TS 20593 by confirming the decomposition temperatures of the NR and SBR by thermogravimetric (TG) and evolved gas analysis (EGA)-MS. The average of TRWMPs in industrial and residential area road dust were 22,581 and 9818 μg/g, respectively, indicating that the industrial area has 2.5 times higher TRWMPs concentration. Further, the NR, the main component of truck bus radial, to SBR, the main component of passenger car radial, ratio was slightly higher in the industrial area than in the residential area. This presumably means that the high traffic volume, including heavy duty vehicles in industrial areas, affected the higher concentration of TRWMPs. This study reveals the growing evidence of the importance of TRWMPs in road dust and how TRWMPs quantity can impact the air quality of the Seoul metropolitan area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Sang Youn
- Department of Environmental Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Zain Siddiqui
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sehyun Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Jeong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Won Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Joon Jeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Kumagai S, Takahashi Y, Kameda T, Saito Y, Yoshioka T. Quantification of Cellulose Pyrolyzates via a Tube Reactor and a Pyrolyzer-Gas Chromatograph/Flame Ionization Detector-Based System. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12022-12026. [PMID: 34056356 PMCID: PMC8154023 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of cellulose primarily produces 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranose (levoglucosan), which easily repolymerizes to form coke precursors in the heating zone of a pyrolysis reactor. This hinders the investigation of primary pyrolysis products as well as the elucidation of cellulose pyrolysis mechanisms, particularly because of the significant buildup of coke during slow pyrolysis. The present study discusses the applicability of a pyrolysis-gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (Py-GC/FID) system using naphthalene as the internal standard, with the aim of substantially improving the quantification of pyrolyzates during the slow pyrolysis of cellulose. This method achieved quantification of levoglucosan with a yield that was 14 times higher than that obtained from offline pyrolysis in a simple tube reactor. The high yield recovery of levoglucosan was attributed to the suppression of levoglucosan repolymerization in the Py-GC/FID system, owing to the rapid escape of levoglucosan from the heating zone, low concentration of levoglucosan in the gas phase, and rapid quenching of levoglucosan. Therefore, this method facilitated the improved quantification of primary pyrolysis products during the slow pyrolysis of cellulose, which can be beneficial for understanding the primary pyrolysis reaction mechanisms. This method can potentially be applied to other polymeric materials that produce reactive pyrolyzates.
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Abstract
Biofuel produced from biomass pyrolysis is a good example of a highly complex mixture. Detailed understanding of its composition is a prerequisite for optimizing transformation processes and further upgrading conditions. The major challenge in understanding the composition of biofuel derived from biomass is the wide range of compounds with high diversity in polarity and abundance that can be present. In this work, a comprehensive analysis using mass spectrometry is reported. Different operation conditions are studied by utilizing multiple ionization methods (positive mode atmospheric pressure photo ionization (APPI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) and negative mode ESI) and applying different resolving power set-ups (120 k, 240 k, 480 k and 960 k) and scan techniques (full scan and spectral stitching method) to study the complexity of a pyrolysis biofuel. Using a mass resolution of 960 k and the spectral stitching scan technique gives a total of 21,703 assigned compositions for one ionization technique alone. The number of total compositions is significantly expanded by the combination of different ionization methods.
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Beccaria M, Siqueira ALM, Maniquet A, Giusti P, Piparo M, Stefanuto PH, Focant JF. Advanced mono- and multi-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques for oxygen-containing compound characterization in biomass and biofuel samples. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:115-134. [PMID: 33185940 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of biomass, from triglycerides to lignocellulosic-based feedstock, are among promising candidates to possibly fulfill requirements as a substitute for crude oils as primary sources of chemical energy feedstock. During the feedstock processing carried out to increase the H:C ratio of the products, heteroatom-containing compounds can promote corrosion, thus limiting and/or deactivating catalytic processes needed to transform the biomass into fuel. The use of advanced gas chromatography techniques, in particular multi-dimensional gas chromatography, both heart-cutting and comprehensive coupled to mass spectrometry, has been widely exploited in the field of petroleomics over the past 30 years and has also been successfully applied to the characterization of volatile and semi-volatile compounds during the processing of biomass feedstock. This review intends to describe advanced gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based techniques, mainly focusing in the period 2011-early 2020. Particular emphasis has been devoted to the multi-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, for the isolation and characterization of the oxygen-containing compounds in biomass feedstock. Within this context, the most recent advances to sample preparation, derivatization, as well as gas chromatography instrumentation, mass spectrometry ionization, identification, and data handling in the biomass industry, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Beccaria
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anna Luiza Mendes Siqueira
- TOTAL Marketing Services, Research Center, Solaize, France.,International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, Harfleur, France
| | - Adrien Maniquet
- TOTAL Marketing Services, Research Center, Solaize, France.,International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, Harfleur, France
| | - Pierre Giusti
- TOTAL Refining and Chemicals, Total Research and Technologies Gonfreville, Harfleur, France.,International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, Harfleur, France
| | - Marco Piparo
- TOTAL Refining and Chemicals, Total Research and Technologies Gonfreville, Harfleur, France.,International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, Harfleur, France
| | - Pierre-Hugues Stefanuto
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Focant
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Tahir MH, Mahmood MA, Çakman G, Ceylan S. Pyrolysis of oil extracted safflower seeds: Product evaluation, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123699. [PMID: 32599526 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pyrolysis kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of Safflower residues (SR) obtained from oil extraction were investigated by using TG/DSC-FTIR and py-GC/MS. Thermal analysis was performed from ambient temperature to 750 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The first-order reaction kinetics model was applied to thermal analysis data to determine apparent kinetic parameters. Activation energy and pre-exponential factor were calculated as 76.60 kJ.mol-1 and 1.89x106 min-1, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters such as the change in Gibb's free energy, the difference in enthalpy and the entropy change were calculated to be 201.36 kJ mol-1, 71.79 kJ mol-1, and -0.196 kJ mol-1, respectively. TG/FTIR analysis revealed that CO2, C6H5OH, and CC functional group as the main pyrolysis gas products. According to Py-GC/MS results of SR, the presence of high energy-containing compounds among the pyrolysis products was proved. All these results show that SR is suitable for pyrolysis to produce biofuel and/or chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassir Hussain Tahir
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutant Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Marwan A Mahmood
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 55139, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey; Tikrit University, College of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 34001 Tikrit, Salahuddin, Iraq
| | - Gülce Çakman
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 55139, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Selim Ceylan
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, 55139, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey.
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Selective Production of Acetic Acid via Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Hexoses over Potassium Salts. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10050502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose and fructose are widely available and renewable resources. They were used to prepare acetic acid (AA) under the catalysis of potassium acetate (KAc) by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The TGA result showed that the KAc addition lowered the glucose’s thermal decomposition temperatures (about 30 °C for initial decomposition temperature and 40 °C for maximum mass loss rate temperature), implying its promotion of glucose’s decomposition. The Py-GC/MS tests illustrated that the KAc addition significantly altered the composition and distribution of hexose pyrolysis products. The maximum yield of AA was 52.1% for the in situ catalytic pyrolysis of glucose/KAc (1:0.25 wt/wt) mixtures at 350 °C for 30 s. Under the same conditions, the AA yield obtained from fructose was 48% and it increased with the increasing amount of KAc. When the ratio reached to 1:1, the yield was 53.6%. In comparison, a study of in situ and on-line catalytic methods showed that KAc can not only catalyze the primary cracking of glucose, but also catalyze the cracking of a secondary pyrolysis stream. KAc plays roles in both physical heat transfer and chemical catalysis.
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7
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Mattonai M, Ribechini E. A comparison of fast and reactive pyrolysis with in situ derivatisation of fructose, inulin and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus). Anal Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Cohen M, Lepesant G, Lamari F, Bilodeau C, Benyei P, Angles S, Bouillon J, Bourrand K, Landoulsi R, Jaboeuf D, Alonso-Roldán M, Espadas-Tormo I, Belandria V, Silar P, Dicko M. Biomolecules from olive pruning waste in Sierra Mágina - Engaging the energy transition by multi-actor and multidisciplinary analyses. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 216:204-213. [PMID: 28412056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The price volatility of fossil resources, the uncertainty of their long-term availability and the environmental, climatic and societal problems posed by their operation lead to the need of an energy transition enabling the development and utilization of other alternative and sustainable resources. Acknowledging that indirect land-use change can increase greenhouse gas emission, the European Union (EU) has reshaped its biofuel policy. It has set criteria for sustainability to ensure that the use of biofuels guarantees real carbon savings and protects biodiversity. From a sustainability perspective, biofuels and bioliquids offer indeed both advantages (e.g., more secure energy supply, emission reductions, reduced air pollution and production of high added-value molecules) as well as risks (monocultures, reduced biodiversity and even higher emissions through land use change). Approaching economic, environmental and social sustainability at the local level and in an integrated way should help to maximize benefits and minimize risks. This approach has been adopted and is described in the present work that combines chemical, biological, social and territorial studies on the management of pruning waste residues from olive trees in the Sierra Mágina in Spain. The biological and social analyses helped to orientate the research towards an attractive chemical process based on extraction and pyrolysis, in which high added value molecules are recovered and in which the residual biochar may be used as pathogen-free fertilizer. In this region where farmers face declining economic margins, the new intended method may both solve greenhouse gas emission problems and provide farmers with additional revenues and convenient fertilizers. Further research with a larger partnership will consolidate the results and tackle issues such as the logistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Cohen
- Université Paris Sorbonne, Sorbonne Universités, UMR 8185 ENeC, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Farida Lamari
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS LSPM UPR 3407, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Clelia Bilodeau
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, LADYSS, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Petra Benyei
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ICTA, LASEG, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stéphane Angles
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, LADYSS, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Julien Bouillon
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, LIED, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Kevin Bourrand
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, LIED, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Ramla Landoulsi
- Université Paris Sorbonne, Sorbonne Universités, UMR 8185 ENeC, 75005 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, LIED, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Delphine Jaboeuf
- Université Paris Sorbonne, Sorbonne Universités, UMR 8185 ENeC, 75005 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, LIED, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Maria Alonso-Roldán
- Non Governemental Organization PASOS (Participación y Sostenabilidad), Granada, Spain
| | - Isidro Espadas-Tormo
- Non Governemental Organization PASOS (Participación y Sostenabilidad), Granada, Spain
| | - Veronica Belandria
- CNRS ICARE UPR 3021, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France; Université d'Orléans, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Philippe Silar
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, LIED, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Moussa Dicko
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS LSPM UPR 3407, 93430 Villetaneuse, France.
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Abstract
In recent years, the problem caused by waste disposable paper cups (WDPCs) has became a topic of great concern to scientists, and commercial companies have also begun to take an interest in developing processes for tackling the issue. In this review, the inherent problems and social barriers during the recycling of WDPCs are described. This review presents the major conclusions of previously published works focused on the utilisation of WDPCs for material and energy purposes. The commercial utilisation of WDPCs is also described. Some suggestions for better recycling of WDPCs are given in the final part of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Yuhui
- Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, State Oceanic Administration
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10
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Cardoso de Sá A, Cristina Sedenho G, Paim LL, Ramos Stradiotto N. New Method for Carbohydrates Determination in Sugarcane Bagasse by HPAEC-RPAD Using Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Carbon Nanotubes and Nickel Nanoparticles. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Acelino Cardoso de Sá
- São Paulo State University (Unesp); Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Department, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55; Araraquara, SP Brazil
- São Paulo State University (Unesp); Bioenergy Research Institute (IPBEN); Araraquara, SP Brazil
| | - Graziela Cristina Sedenho
- São Paulo State University (Unesp); Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Department, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55; Araraquara, SP Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lataro Paim
- São Paulo State University (Unesp); Energy Engineering, Experimental Campus of Rosana; Av. dos Barrageiros, 1881, Primavera Rosana, SP Brazil
| | - Nelson Ramos Stradiotto
- São Paulo State University (Unesp); Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Department, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55; Araraquara, SP Brazil
- São Paulo State University (Unesp); Bioenergy Research Institute (IPBEN); Araraquara, SP Brazil
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF); School of Industrial Metallurgical Engineering (EEIMVR); Volta Redonda, RJ Brazil
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11
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Song D, Wang J, Zhang Y, Ma Y. Pyrolysis Kinetics and Emission Characteristics of Waste Disposable Paper Cups Using the Thermogravimetric-FTIR Technique. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2017. [DOI: 10.3184/146867817x14806858832063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The pyrolysis of waste disposable paper cups (WDPCs) was investigated using a thermogravimetric analyser coupled with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The activation energies of the pyrolysis reactions were obtained by the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) methods respectively. The kinetic model was determined by the master plots method. Thermogravimetric results showed that the highest weight loss rate occurred from 345 to 365 °C as the heating rate was increased from 10 to 30 °C min−1, indicating the pyrolysis of cellulosic material in the WDPC. The weight loss between 400 and 500 °C can be attributed to the decomposition of polyethylene. By analysing the FTIR spectra, it was found that the absorbance of all the evolved gaseous products had peaks at 360 °C due to the decomposition of cellulose fibres and the cracking of polyethylene at 485 °C led to the emergence of a second hydrocarbon peak. Ketones were the most abundant condensable organic products and CO2 was the dominating gaseous product, which can also be produced via secondary cracking of the small molecule organics above 400 °C. Kinetic analysis revealed that the average activation energy of the pyrolysis of the WDPC was 153.75 kJ mol−1 from the FWO method and 151.43 kJ mol−1 from the KAS method. The reaction mechanism can be described by the R3 model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiwang Song
- Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multi-Purpose Utilisation, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multi-Purpose Utilisation, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multi-Purpose Utilisation, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Yuhui Ma
- Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multi-Purpose Utilisation, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
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12
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WATANABE A, KIM YM, HOSAKA A, WATANABE C, TERAMAE N, OHTANI H, KIM S, PARK YK, WANG K, FREEMAN RR. On-line Analysis of Catalytic Reaction Products Using a High-Pressure Tandem Micro-reactor GC/MS. ANAL SCI 2017; 33:1085-1089. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Young-Min KIM
- Frontier Laboratories Ltd
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University
| | | | | | - Norio TERAMAE
- Frontier Laboratories Ltd
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
| | - Hajime OHTANI
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology
| | - Seungdo KIM
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University
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13
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Salimi M, Safari F, Tavasoli A, Shakeri A. Hydrothermal gasification of different agricultural wastes in supercritical water media for hydrogen production: a comparative study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40090-016-0091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Karagöz S, Kawakami T, Kako A, Iiguni Y, Ohtani H. Single shot pyrolysis and on-line conversion of lignocellulosic biomass with HZSM-5 catalyst using tandem micro-reactor-GC-MS. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04225b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tandem micro reactor GC-MS system is a powerful method to study single-shot pyrolysis and on-line catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selhan Karagöz
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Karabük University
- 78050 Karabük
- Turkey
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
| | - Takefumi Kawakami
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- 466-8555 Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Kako
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- 466-8555 Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Yoshinori Iiguni
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- 466-8555 Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Hajime Ohtani
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- 466-8555 Nagoya
- Japan
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15
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Figueira CE, Moreira PF, Giudici R. Thermogravimetric analysis of the gasification of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:717-724. [PMID: 26447558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The gasification of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris under an atmosphere of argon and water vapor was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The data were interpreted by using conventional isoconversional methods and also by the independent parallel reaction (IPR) model, in which the degradation is considered to happen individually to each pseudo-component of biomass (lipid, carbohydrate and protein). The IPR model allows obtaining the kinetic parameters of the degradation reaction of each component. Three main stages were observed during the gasification process and the differential thermogravimetric curve was satisfactorily fitted by the IPR model considering three pseudocomponents. The comparison of the activation energy values obtained by the methods and those found in the literature for other microalgae was satisfactory. Quantification of reaction products was performed using online gas chromatography. The major products detected were H2, CO and CH4, indicating the potential for producing fuel gas and syngas from microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Emilia Figueira
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Politécnica, Department of Chemical Engineering, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, travessa 3, No 380, 05508-010 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Firmino Moreira
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Politécnica, Department of Chemical Engineering, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, travessa 3, No 380, 05508-010 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Giudici
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Politécnica, Department of Chemical Engineering, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, travessa 3, No 380, 05508-010 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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16
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Rüger CP, Miersch T, Schwemer T, Sklorz M, Zimmermann R. Hyphenation of Thermal Analysis to Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry) Using Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization For Studying Composition and Thermal Degradation of Complex Materials. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6493-9. [PMID: 26024433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the hyphenation of a thermobalance to an ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (UHR FTICR MS) is presented. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is used for efficient ionization. The evolved gas analysis (EGA), using high-resolution mass spectrometry allows the time-resolved molecular characterization of thermally induced processes in complex materials or mixtures, such as biomass or crude oil. The most crucial part of the setup is the hyphenation between the thermobalance and the APCI source. Evolved gases are forced to enter the atmospheric pressure ionization interface of the MS by applying a slight overpressure at the thermobalance side of the hyphenation. Using the FTICR exact mass data, detailed chemical information is gained by calculation of elemental compositions from the organic species, enabling a time and temperature resolved, highly selective detection of the evolved species. An additional selectivity is gained by the APCI ionization, which is particularly sensitive toward polar compounds. This selectivity on the one hand misses bulk components of petroleum samples such as alkanes and does not deliver a comprehensive view but on the other hand focuses particularly on typical evolved components from biomass samples. As proof of principle, the thermal behavior of different fossil fuels: heavy fuel oil, light fuel oil, and a crude oil, and different lignocellulosic biomass, namely, beech, birch, spruce, ash, oak, and pine as well as commercial available softwood and birch-bark pellets were investigated. The results clearly show the capability to distinguish between certain wood types through their molecular patterns and compound classes. Additionally, typical literature known pyrolysis biomass marker were confirmed by their elemental composition, such as coniferyl aldehyde (C10H10O3), sinapyl aldehyde (C11H12O4), retene (C18H18), and abietic acid (C20H30O2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Rüger
- †Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre/Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Toni Miersch
- †Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre/Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Theo Schwemer
- †Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre/Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,§HICE, Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Sklorz
- †Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre/Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,‡Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- †Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre/Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,‡Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,§HICE, Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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