1
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Simon A, Barradas NP, Jeynes C, Romolo FS. Addressing forensic science challenges with nuclear analytical techniques - A review. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 358:111767. [PMID: 37385904 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
We review the application of Nuclear Analytical Techniques (NATs) to forensic problems for the first time. NATs include neutron activation analysis (NAA), carried out in nuclear reactors for elemental analysis; accelerator-based techniques, mainly Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) for elemental and molecular analysis; and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) for dating of traces of forensic interest by "radiocarbon dating" and other related methods. Applications include analysis of drugs of abuse, food fraud, counterfeit medicine, gunshot residue, glass fragments, forgery of art objects and documents, and human material. In some applications only the NATs are able to provide relevant information for forensic purposes. This review not only includes a wide collection of forensic applications, but also illustrates the wide availability worldwide of NATs, opening up opportunities for an increased use of NATs in routine forensic casework.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Simon
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - C Jeynes
- University of Surrey Ion Beam Centre, Guildford, England, UK
| | - F S Romolo
- Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
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2
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Suzuki A, Cheung CS, Li Y, Hogg A, Atkinson PS, Riminesi C, Miliani C, Liang H. Time and spatially resolved VIS-NIR hyperspectral imaging as a novel monitoring tool for laser-based spectroscopy to mitigate radiation damage on paintings. Analyst 2024; 149:2338-2350. [PMID: 38323806 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02041j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The increased adoption of non-invasive laser-based techniques for analysis of cultural assets has recently called into question the non-invasiveness of the techniques in practical operation. The methods to assess the occurrence of radiation-induced alteration on paintings are very limited and none of them can predict damage. Here we present a novel multimodal imaging approach to understand the time and spatial evolution and types of laser-induced surface alterations, through simultaneous monitoring using visible and near infrared (VIS-NIR) reflectance hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and thermal imaging during Raman spectroscopy. The resultant physical and chemical changes were examined in detail by optical coherence tomography and synchrotron based micro-X-ray powder diffraction. HSI was found to be the most sensitive in detecting laser induced alternations compared with conventional methods. It is orders of magnitude more sensitive than Raman spectroscopy and even synchrotron-based micro-X-ray powder diffraction. In cases of thermally driven alterations, transient and reversible reflectance changes were found to be the first indications of laser-induced modifications and can therefore be used as precursors to prevent damage. VIS-NIR reflectance spectroscopy should be used to monitor laser-based analysis and potentially other radiation-based techniques in situ to mitigate laser induced alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Suzuki
- Imaging and Sensing for Archaeology, Art History and Conservation (ISAAC) Lab, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
- Institute of Heritage Science - National Research Council, ISPC-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), 50019, Italy
| | - C S Cheung
- Imaging and Sensing for Archaeology, Art History and Conservation (ISAAC) Lab, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Yu Li
- Imaging and Sensing for Archaeology, Art History and Conservation (ISAAC) Lab, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Alexander Hogg
- Imaging and Sensing for Archaeology, Art History and Conservation (ISAAC) Lab, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Patrick S Atkinson
- Imaging and Sensing for Archaeology, Art History and Conservation (ISAAC) Lab, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Cristiano Riminesi
- Institute of Heritage Science - National Research Council, ISPC-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), 50019, Italy
| | - Costanza Miliani
- Institute of Heritage Science - National Research Council, ISPC-CNR, Via Cardinale Guglielmo Sanfelice, 8, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Haida Liang
- Imaging and Sensing for Archaeology, Art History and Conservation (ISAAC) Lab, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
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3
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Ekanayake RSK, Streltsov VA, Best SP, Chantler CT. Using XAS to monitor radiation damage in real time and post-analysis, and investigation of systematic errors of fluorescence XAS for Cu-bound amyloid-β. J Appl Crystallogr 2024; 57:125-139. [PMID: 38322727 PMCID: PMC10840304 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723010890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a promising technique for determining structural information from sensitive biological samples, but high-accuracy X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) requires corrections of systematic errors in experimental data. Low-temperature XAS and room-temperature X-ray absorption spectro-electrochemical (XAS-EC) measurements of N-truncated amyloid-β samples were collected and corrected for systematic effects such as dead time, detector efficiencies, monochromator glitches, self-absorption, radiation damage and noise at higher wavenumber (k). A new protocol was developed using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data analysis for monitoring radiation damage in real time and post-analysis. The reliability of the structural determinations and consistency were validated using the XAS measurement experimental uncertainty. The correction of detector pixel efficiencies improved the fitting χ2 by 12%. An improvement of about 2.5% of the structural fitting was obtained after dead-time corrections. Normalization allowed the elimination of 90% of the monochromator glitches. The remaining glitches were manually removed. The dispersion of spectra due to self-absorption was corrected. Standard errors of experimental measurements were propagated from pointwise variance of the spectra after systematic corrections. Calculated uncertainties were used in structural refinements for obtaining precise and reliable values of structural parameters including atomic bond lengths and thermal parameters. This has permitted hypothesis testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor A. Streltsov
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
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4
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Dalecky L, Sottile F, Hung L, Cazals L, Desolneux A, Chevalier A, Rueff JP, Bertrand L. Non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering for discrimination of pigments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4363-4371. [PMID: 38235804 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) spectroscopy has been used in many fields of solid-state physics and theoretical chemistry as an accurate and quantitative probe of elementary excitations. We show that non-resonant IXS spectra in the energy loss range below 100 eV exhibit a strong contrast across a wide range of commercially available pigments, opening new routes for their discrimination. These signatures combine plasmonic transitions, collective excitations and low energy absorption edges. We have performed IXS to discriminate different artists' pigments within complex mixtures and to quantitatively determine rutile and anatase polymorphs of TiO2. The integration of experimental data on pigment powders with suitable ab initio simulations shows a precise fit of the spectroscopic data both in the position of the resonances and in their relative intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Dalecky
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Francesco Sottile
- ETSF and LSI, CNRS, CEA/DRF/IRAMIS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Linda Hung
- Energy and Materials Division, Toyota Research Institute, Los Altos, CA 94022, USA
| | - Laure Cazals
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Agnès Desolneux
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aurélia Chevalier
- Conservation of Cultural Heritage - Aurélia Chevalier Sàrl, Route des Jeunes 4bis, 1227 Les Acacias, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pascal Rueff
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48 Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement (LCPMR), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Loïc Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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5
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Gibson AP. Medical imaging applied to heritage. Br J Radiol 2023; 96:20230611. [PMID: 37750831 PMCID: PMC10646659 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20230611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of imaging has transformed the study of cultural heritage artefacts in the same way that medical imaging has transformed medicine. X-ray-based techniques are common in both medical and heritage imaging. Optical imaging, including scientific photography and spectral imaging techniques, is also common in both domains. Some common medical imaging methods such as ultrasound and MRI have not yet found routine application in heritage, whereas other methods such as imaging with charged and uncharged particles and 3D surface imaging are more common in heritage. Here, we review the field of heritage imaging from the point of view of medical imaging and include some classic challenges of heritage imaging such as reading the text on burnt scrolls, identifying underdrawings in paintings, and CT scanning of mummies, an ancient calculating device and sealed documents. We show how hyperspectral imaging can offer insight into the drawing techniques of Leonardo da Vinci and explain how laparoscopy has identified the method of construction of a 500-year-old pop-up anatomical text book.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. Gibson
- UCL Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering and UCL Institute of Sustainable Heritage, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Wang Z, Xi X, Li L, Zhang Z, Han Y, Wang X, Sun Z, Zhao H, Yuan N, Li H, Yan B, Chen J. Tracking the Progression of the Simulated Bronze Disease-A Laboratory X-ray Microtomography Study. Molecules 2023; 28:4933. [PMID: 37446595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The internal three-dimensional characteristics of X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) has great application potential in the field of bronze corrosion. This work presents a method of simulating bronze disease based on an in situ micro-CT image to study the characteristics of the oxidative hydrolysis reactions of copper(I) chloride and copper(II) chloride dihydrate. A series of high-resolution reconstruction images were obtained by carrying out micro-CT at three key points throughout the experiment. We found that the reactions of copper(I) chloride and copper(II) chloride dihydrate showed different characteristics at different stages of the simulation in the micro-CT view. The method proposed in this work specifically simulated one single type of bronze corrosion and characterized the evolution characteristics of simulated bronze disease. It provides a new perspective to investigate bronze disease and can help improve the subsequent use of micro-CT to distinguish real bronze corrosions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaoqi Xi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lei Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhicun Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yu Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xinguang Wang
- Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhaoying Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongfeng Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ning Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiachang Chen
- Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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7
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Gamma radiation-induced effects on paper irradiated at absorbed doses common for cultural heritage preservation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Georgiou R, Sahle CJ, Sokaras D, Bernard S, Bergmann U, Rueff JP, Bertrand L. X-ray Raman Scattering: A Hard X-ray Probe of Complex Organic Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12977-13005. [PMID: 35737888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a review of the characterization of organic systems via X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) and a step-by-step guidance for its application. We present the fundamentals of XRS required to use the technique and discuss the main parameters of the experimental set-ups to optimize spectral and spatial resolution while maximizing signal-to-background ratio. We review applications that target the analysis of mixtures of organic compounds, the identification of minor spectral features, and the spatial discrimination in heterogeneous systems. We discuss the recent development of the direct tomography technique, which utilizes the XRS process as a contrast mechanism for assessing the three-dimensional spatially resolved carbon chemistry of complex organic materials. We conclude by exposing the current limitations and provide an outlook on how to overcome some of the existing challenges and advance future developments and applications of this powerful technique for complex organic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Georgiou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, UVSQ, MNHN, IPANEMA, F-91192 Saint-Aubin, France.,Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Sylvain Bernard
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jean-Pascal Rueff
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Loïc Bertrand
- Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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9
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Ghirardello M, Gonzalez V, Monico L, Nevin A, MacLennan D, Patterson CS, Burghammer M, Réfrégiers M, Comelli D, Cotte M. Application of Synchrotron Radiation-Based Micro-Analysis on Cadmium Yellows in Pablo Picasso's Femme. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-10. [PMID: 35644640 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The cultural heritage community is increasingly exploring synchrotron radiation (SR) based techniques for the study of art and archaeological objects. When considering heterogeneous and complex micro-samples, such as those from paintings, the combination of different SR X-ray techniques is often exploited to overcome the intrinsic limitations and sensitivity of the single technique. Less frequently, SR X-ray analyses are combined with SR micro-photoluminescence or micro-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, which provide complementary information on the molecular composition, offering a unique integrated analysis approach. Although the spatial correlation between the maps obtained with different techniques is not straightforward due to the different volumes probed by each method, the combination of the information provides a greater understanding and insight into the paint chemistry. In this work, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the combination of X-ray techniques and SR-based photoluminescence through the study of two paint micro-samples taken from Pablo Picasso's Femme (1907). The painting contains two cadmium yellow paints (based on CdS): one relatively intact and one visibly degraded. SR micro-analyses demonstrated that the two Cd-yellow paints differ in terms of structure, chemical composition, and photoluminescence properties. In particular, on the basis of the combination of different SR measurements, we hypothesize that the degraded yellow is based on nanocrystalline CdS with high presence of Cd(OH)Cl. These two characteristics have enhanced the reactivity of the paint and strongly influenced its stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ghirardello
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Victor Gonzalez
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Austin Nevin
- IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Courtauld Institute of Art, Somerset House, Strand, London WC2R ORN, UK
| | - Douglas MacLennan
- Science Department, Getty Conservation Institute, 1200 Getty Center Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90049, USA
| | | | | | - Matthieu Réfrégiers
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CBM UPR4301, Rue Charles Sadron, Orléans, France
| | - Daniela Comelli
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marine Cotte
- ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- LAMS, CNRS UMR 8220, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Place Jussieu 4, F-75005 Paris, France
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10
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Cotte M, Gonzalez V, Vanmeert F, Monico L, Dejoie C, Burghammer M, Huder L, de Nolf W, Fisher S, Fazlic I, Chauffeton C, Wallez G, Jiménez N, Albert-Tortosa F, Salvadó N, Possenti E, Colombo C, Ghirardello M, Comelli D, Avranovich Clerici E, Vivani R, Romani A, Costantino C, Janssens K, Taniguchi Y, McCarthy J, Reichert H, Susini J. The “Historical Materials BAG”: A New Facilitated Access to Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Analyses for Cultural Heritage Materials at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061997. [PMID: 35335359 PMCID: PMC8950898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) has recently commissioned the new Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS). The gain in brightness as well as the continuous development of beamline instruments boosts the beamline performances, in particular in terms of accelerated data acquisition. This has motivated the development of new access modes as an alternative to standard proposals for access to beamtime, in particular via the “block allocation group” (BAG) mode. Here, we present the recently implemented “historical materials BAG”: a community proposal giving to 10 European institutes the opportunity for guaranteed beamtime at two X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) beamlines—ID13, for 2D high lateral resolution XRPD mapping, and ID22 for high angular resolution XRPD bulk analyses—with a particular focus on applications to cultural heritage. The capabilities offered by these instruments, the specific hardware and software developments to facilitate and speed-up data acquisition and data processing are detailed, and the first results from this new access are illustrated with recent applications to pigments, paintings, ceramics and wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Cotte
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
- Laboratoire d’Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS) CNRS UMR 8220, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Université, 5 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (V.G.); (F.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Victor Gonzalez
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (V.G.); (F.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Frederik Vanmeert
- Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy laboratory (AXIS) Research Group, NANOLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.A.C.); (K.J.)
- Paintings Laboratory, Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (KIK-IRPA), Jubelpark 1, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (V.G.); (F.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Letizia Monico
- Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy laboratory (AXIS) Research Group, NANOLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.A.C.); (K.J.)
- CNR-SCITEC, c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.)
- Centre of Excellence SMAArt and Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (V.G.); (F.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Catherine Dejoie
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Manfred Burghammer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Loïc Huder
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Wout de Nolf
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Stuart Fisher
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Ida Fazlic
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
- Rijksmuseum, Conservation and Restoration, P.O. Box 74888, 1070 DN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christelle Chauffeton
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; (C.C.); (G.W.)
- Cité de la Céramique Sèvres-Limoges, place de la Manufacture, 92310 Sèvres, France
- Centre de Recherche et Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF), Porte des Lions, 14 quai François Mitterrand, 75001 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Wallez
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; (C.C.); (G.W.)
- Centre de Recherche et Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF), Porte des Lions, 14 quai François Mitterrand, 75001 Paris, France
- UFR 926, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Núria Jiménez
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química EPSEVG, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)·BarcelonaTech Av. Víctor Balaguer s/n, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain; (N.J.); (F.A.-T.); (N.S.)
| | - Francesc Albert-Tortosa
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química EPSEVG, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)·BarcelonaTech Av. Víctor Balaguer s/n, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain; (N.J.); (F.A.-T.); (N.S.)
| | - Nati Salvadó
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química EPSEVG, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)·BarcelonaTech Av. Víctor Balaguer s/n, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain; (N.J.); (F.A.-T.); (N.S.)
| | - Elena Possenti
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council, ISPC-CNR, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Chiara Colombo
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council, ISPC-CNR, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Marta Ghirardello
- Politecnico di Milano, Physics Department, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniela Comelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Physics Department, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Ermanno Avranovich Clerici
- Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy laboratory (AXIS) Research Group, NANOLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.A.C.); (K.J.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 3mE, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Vivani
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Aldo Romani
- CNR-SCITEC, c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.)
- Centre of Excellence SMAArt and Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantino
- CNR-SCITEC, c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.)
- Centre of Excellence SMAArt and Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Koen Janssens
- Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy laboratory (AXIS) Research Group, NANOLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.A.C.); (K.J.)
- Rijksmuseum, Conservation and Restoration, P.O. Box 74888, 1070 DN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yoko Taniguchi
- History and Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan;
| | - Joanne McCarthy
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Harald Reichert
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Jean Susini
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
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11
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Müller K, Szikszai Z, Csepregi Á, Huszánk R, Kertész Z, Reiche I. Proton beam irradiation induces invisible modifications under the surface of painted parchment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:113. [PMID: 34996914 PMCID: PMC8741965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion beam analysis plays an important role in cultural heritage (CH) studies as it offers a combination of simultaneous and complementary analytical techniques (PIXE/PIGE/RBS) and spatially resolved mapping functions. Despite being considered non-destructive, the potential risk of beam-induced modifications during analysis is increasingly discussed. This work focuses on the impact of proton beams on parchment, present in our CH in form of unique historical manuscripts. Parchment is one of the organic, protein-based CH materials believed to be the most susceptible to radiation-induced changes. Various modification patterns, observed on parchment cross-sections by optical and electron microscopy are reported: discoloration (yellowing), formation of cavities and denaturation of collagen fibers. Considerable modifications were detected up to 100 µm deep into the sample for beam fluences of 4 µC/cm2 and higher. The presence of ultramarine paint on the parchment surface appears to increase the harmful effects of proton radiation. Based on our results, a maximum radiation dose of 0.5 µC/cm2 can be considered as ‘safe boundary’ for 2.3 MeV PIXE analysis of parchment under the applied conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Müller
- IPANEMA, Ancient Materials Research Platform, USR 3461 CNRS/MC/UVSQ/MNHN, BP48 Saint-Aubin, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Rathgen-Forschungslabor, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Schloßstraße 1a, 14059, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zita Szikszai
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), Bem tér 18/c, 4026, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ákos Csepregi
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), Bem tér 18/c, 4026, Debrecen, Hungary.,Ph.D. School in Physics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Róbert Huszánk
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), Bem tér 18/c, 4026, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Kertész
- Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), Bem tér 18/c, 4026, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ina Reiche
- Rathgen-Forschungslabor, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Schloßstraße 1a, 14059, Berlin, Germany. .,PSL University, ENSCP, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris - Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France, UMR 8247 CNRS/MC, 14 quai François Mitterrand, 75001, Paris, France. .,New AGLAE, FR 3506 CNRS/MC, C2MRF, 14 quai François Mitterrand, 75001, Paris, France.
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12
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Messer D, Svendsen MS, Galatius A, Olsen MT, Dahl VA, Conradsen K, Dahl AB. Measurement error using a SeeMaLab structured light 3D scanner against a Microscribe 3D digitizer. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11804. [PMID: 34484981 PMCID: PMC8381885 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Geometric morphometrics is a powerful approach to capture and quantify morphological shape variation. Both 3D digitizer arms and structured light surface scanners are portable, easy to use, and relatively cheap, which makes these two capturing devices obvious choices for geometric morphometrics. While digitizer arms have been the “gold standard”, benefits of having full 3D models are manifold. We assessed the measurement error and investigate bias associated with the use of an open-source, high-resolution structured light scanner called SeeMaLab against the popular Microscribe 3D digitizer arm. Methodology The analyses were based on 22 grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) skulls. 31 fixed anatomical landmarks were annotated both directly using a Microscribe 3D digitizer and on reconstructed 3D digital models created from structured light surface scans. Each skull was scanned twice. Two operators annotated the landmarks, each twice on all the skulls and 3D models, allowing for the investigation of multiple sources of measurement error. We performed multiple Procrustes ANOVAs to compare the two devices in terms of within- and between-operator error, to quantify the measurement error induced by device, to compare between-device error with other sources of variation, and to assess the level of scanning-related error. We investigated the presence of general shape bias due to device and operator. Results Similar precision was obtained with both devices. If landmarks that were identified as less clearly defined and thus harder to place were omitted, the scanner pipeline would achieve higher precision than the digitizer. Between-operator error was biased and seemed to be smaller when using the scanner pipeline. There were systematic differences between devices, which was mainly driven by landmarks less clearly defined. The factors device, operator and landmark replica were all statistically significant and of similar size, but were minor sources of total shape variation, compared to the biological variation among grey seal skulls. The scanning-related error was small compared to all other error sources. Conclusions As the scanner showed precision similar to the digitizer, a scanner should be used if the advantages of obtaining detailed 3D models of a specimen are desired. To obtain high precision, a pre-study should be conducted to identify difficult landmarks. Due to the observed bias, data from different devices and/or operators should not be combined when the expected biological variation is small, without testing the landmarks for repeatability across platforms and operators. For any study necessitating the combination of landmark measurements from different operators, the scanner pipeline will be better suited. The small scanning-related error indicates that by following the same scanning protocol, different operators can be involved in the scanning process without introducing significant error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Messer
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Galatius
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Morten T Olsen
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vedrana A Dahl
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Knut Conradsen
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders B Dahl
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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13
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Domínguez-Delmás M, Bossema FG, Dorscheid J, Coban SB, Hall-Aquitania M, Batenburg KJ, Hermens E. X-ray computed tomography for non-invasive dendrochronology reveals a concealed double panelling on a painting from Rubens' studio. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255792. [PMID: 34449802 PMCID: PMC8396786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dating the wood from historical art objects is a crucial step to ascertain their production time, and support or refute attribution to an artist or a workshop. Dendrochronology is commonly used for this purpose but requires access to the tree-ring pattern in the wood, which can be hindered by preparatory layers, polychromy, wax, or integrated frames. Here we implemented non-invasive dendrochronology based on X-ray computed tomography (CT) to examine a painting on panel attributed to Rubens' studio and its presumed dating around 1636 CE. The CT images achieved a resolution of 37.3 micron and revealed a double panelling, which was concealed by oak strips covering all four edges. The back (visible) board is made of deciduous oak (Quercus subg. Quercus), the most common type of wood used in 17th-century Netherlandish workshops, and was dated terminus post quem after 1557 CE. However, the front (original) board used for the painting has been identified through examination of the wood anatomy as a tropical wood, probably Swietenia sp., a species seldom used in Netherlandish paintings, and remains undated. Its very presence attests the global character of 17th-century trade, and demonstrates the use of exotic species in Flemish studios. The date of the oak board refutes previous results and suggests that this board was trimmed to meet the size of the tropical one, having been glued to it for conservation purposes or with deceiving intentions to pretend that the painting was made on an oak panel. These revelations have opened new lines of art historical inquiry and highlight the potential of X-ray CT as a powerful tool for non-invasive study of historical art objects to retrieve their full history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Domínguez-Delmás
- Department of History of Art, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Conservation and Science, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- DendroResearch, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Francien G. Bossema
- Department of Conservation and Science, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Computational Imaging Group, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Dorscheid
- Department of Conservation and Science, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sophia Bethany Coban
- Computational Imaging Group, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Moorea Hall-Aquitania
- Department of History of Art, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Conservation and Science, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - K. Joost Batenburg
- Computational Imaging Group, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Erma Hermens
- Department of History of Art, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Conservation and Science, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Bertrand L, Thoury M, Gueriau P, Anheim É, Cohen S. Deciphering the Chemistry of Cultural Heritage: Targeting Material Properties by Coupling Spectral Imaging with Image Analysis. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2823-2832. [PMID: 34143613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The chemical study of materials from natural history and cultural heritage, which provide information for art history, archeology, or paleontology, presents a series of specific challenges. The complexity of these ancient and historical materials, which are chemically heterogeneous, the product of alteration processes, and inherently not reproducible, is a major obstacle to a thorough understanding of their making and long-term behavior (e.g., fossilization). These challenges required the development of methodologies and instruments coupling imaging and data processing approaches that are optimized for the specific properties of the materials. This Account discusses how these characteristics not only constrain their study but also open up specific innovative avenues for providing key historical information. Synchrotron methods have extensively been used since the late 1990s to study heritage objects, in particular for their potential to provide speciation information from excitation spectroscopies and to image complex heritage objects and samples in two and three dimensions at high resolution. We examine in practice how the identification of key intrinsic chemical specificities has offered fertile ground for the development of novel synchrotron approaches allowing a better stochastic description of the properties of ancient and historical materials. These developments encompass three main aspects: (1) The multiscale heterogeneity of these materials can provide an essential source of information in the development of probes targeting their multiple scales of homogeneity. (2) Chemical alteration can be described in many ways, e.g., by segmenting datasets in a semiquantitative way to jointly inform morphological and chemical transformation pathways. (3) The intrinsic individuality of chemical signatures in artifacts triggers the development of specific strategies, such as those focusing on weak signal detection. We propose a rereading of the advent of these new methodologies for analysis and characterization and examine how they have led to innovative strategies combining materials science, instrument development, history, and data science. In particular, we show that spectral imaging and the search for correlations in image datasets have provided a powerful way to address what archeologists have called the uncertainty and ambiguity of the material record. This approach has implications beyond synchrotron techniques and extends in particular to a series of rapidly developing approaches that couple spectral and spatial information, as in hyperspectral imaging and spatially resolved mass spectrometry. The preeminence of correlations holds promise for the future development of machine learning methods for processing data on historical objects. Beyond heritage, these developments are an original source of inspiration for the study of materials in many related fields, such as environmental, geochemical, or life sciences, which deal with systems whose alteration and heterogeneity cannot be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mathieu Thoury
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ministère de la culture, UVSQ, MNHN, IPANEMA, F-91192 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Pierre Gueriau
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Geopolis, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Étienne Anheim
- Centre de recherches historiques, EHESS, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Serge Cohen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ministère de la culture, UVSQ, MNHN, IPANEMA, F-91192 Saint-Aubin, France
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15
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Stock SR, Stock MK, Almer JD. Combined computed tomography and position-resolved X-ray diffraction of an intact Roman-era Egyptian portrait mummy. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200686. [PMID: 33234061 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hawara Portrait Mummy 4, a Roman-era Egyptian portrait mummy, was studied with computed tomography (CT) and with CT-guided synchrotron X-ray diffraction mapping. These are the first X-ray diffraction results obtained non-invasively from objects within a mummy. The CT data showed human remains of a 5-year-old child, consistent with the female (but not the age) depicted on the portrait. Physical trauma was not evident in the skeleton. Diffraction at two different mummy-to-detector separations allowed volumetric mapping of features including wires and inclusions within the wrappings and the skull and femora. The largest uncertainty in origin determination was approximately 1.5 mm along the X-ray beam direction, and diffraction- and CT-determined positions matched. Diffraction showed that the wires were a modern dual-phase steel and showed that the 7 × 5 × 3 mm inclusion ventral of the abdomen was calcite. Tracing the 00.2 and 00.4 carbonated apatite (bone's crystalline phase) reflections back to their origins produced cross-sectional maps of the skull and of femora; these maps agreed with transverse CT slices within approximately 1 mm. Coupling CT and position-resolved X-ray diffraction, therefore, offers considerable promise for non-invasive studies of mummies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Stock
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M K Stock
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Metropolitan State Univ. of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.,Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - J D Almer
- The Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
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16
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Monico L, Cotte M, Vanmeert F, Amidani L, Janssens K, Nuyts G, Garrevoet J, Falkenberg G, Glatzel P, Romani A, Miliani C. Damages Induced by Synchrotron Radiation-Based X-ray Microanalysis in Chrome Yellow Paints and Related Cr-Compounds: Assessment, Quantification, and Mitigation Strategies. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14164-14173. [PMID: 32955250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation (SR)-based X-ray methods are powerful analytical tools for several purposes. They are widely used to probe the degradation mechanisms of inorganic artists' pigments in paintings, including chrome yellows (PbCr1-xSxO4; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8), a class of compounds often found in Van Gogh masterpieces. However, the high intensity and brightness of SR beams raise important issues regarding the potential damage inflicted on the analyzed samples. A thorough knowledge of the SR X-ray sensitivity of each class of pigment in the painting matrix is therefore required to find analytical strategies that seek to minimize the damage for preserving the integrity of the analyzed samples and to avoid data misinterpretation. Here, we employ a combination of Cr K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, Cr-Kβ X-ray emission spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction to monitor and quantify the effects of SR X-rays on the stability of chrome yellows and related Cr compounds and to define mitigation strategies. We found that the SR X-ray beam exposure induces changes in the oxidation state and local coordination environment of Cr ions and leads to a loss of the compound's crystalline structure. The extent of X-ray damage depends on some intrinsic properties of the samples (chemical composition of the pigment and the presence/absence and nature of the binder). It can be minimized by optimizing the overall fluence/dose released to the samples and by working in vacuum and under cryogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Monico
- CNR-SCITEC, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.,SMAArt Centre and Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.,AXES Research Group, NANOlab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marine Cotte
- ESRF, Avenue des Martyrs 71, 38000 Grenoble, France.,LAMS, CNRS UMR 8220, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Place Jussieu 4, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frederik Vanmeert
- AXES Research Group, NANOlab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratories of the Royal Institute of Cultural Heritage (KIK-IRPA), Parc du Cinquantenaire 1, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Lucia Amidani
- ESRF, Avenue des Martyrs 71, 38000 Grenoble, France.,HZDR, Institute of Resource Ecology, Rossendorf Beamline at the ESRF, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Koen Janssens
- AXES Research Group, NANOlab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.,Rijksmuseum, Conservation & Restoration-Scientific Research, Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Nuyts
- AXES Research Group, NANOlab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Aldo Romani
- CNR-SCITEC, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.,SMAArt Centre and Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Costanza Miliani
- CNR-ISPC, Via Cardinale Guglielmo Sanfelice 8, 80134 Napoli, Italy
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17
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Gimat A, Schöder S, Thoury M, Missori M, Paris-Lacombe S, Dupont AL. Short- and Long-Term Effects of X-ray Synchrotron Radiation on Cotton Paper. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2795-2807. [PMID: 32539350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
X-ray analytical techniques are increasingly being used to study manuscripts and works of art on paper, whether with laboratory equipment or synchrotron sources. However, it is difficult to anticipate the impact of X-ray photons on paper- and cellulose-based artifacts, particularly due to the large variety of their constituents and degradation levels, and the subsequent material multiscale heterogeneity. In this context, this work aims at developing an analytical approach to study the modifications in paper upon synchrotron radiation (SR) X-ray radiation using analytical techniques, which are fully complementary and highly sensitive, yet not frequently used together. At the molecular scale, cellulose chain scissions and hydroxyl free radicals were measured using chromatographic separation techniques (size-exclusion chromatography-multiangle laser light scattering-differential refractive index (SEC-MALS-DRI) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector-diode array detector (RP-HPLC-FLD-DAD)), while the optical properties of paper were characterized using spectroscopy (UV luminescence and diffuse reflectance). These techniques showed different sensitivities toward the detection of changes. The modifications in the cellulosic material were monitored in real time, within a few days, and up to 2 years following the irradiation to define a lowest observed adverse effect dose (LOAED). As paper is a hygroscopic material, the impact of the humidity in the environment was studied using this approach. Three levels of moisture content in the paper, achieved by conditioning the samples and irradiating them at different relative humidities (RHs), were studied (0, 50, 80% RH). It was shown that very low moisture content accelerated molecular and optical modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gimat
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections (CRC, CNRS USR 3224), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 36 rue Geoffroy St Hilaire, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Mathieu Thoury
- IPANEMA, CNRS, minist́re de la Culture, UVSQ, USR3461, Universit́ Paris-Saclay, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mauro Missori
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (CNR-ISC) and Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Paris-Lacombe
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections (CRC, CNRS USR 3224), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 36 rue Geoffroy St Hilaire, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laurence Dupont
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections (CRC, CNRS USR 3224), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 36 rue Geoffroy St Hilaire, 75005 Paris, France
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18
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Cohen SX, Webb SM, Gueriau P, Curis E, Bertrand L. Robust framework and software implementation for fast speciation mapping. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:1049-1058. [PMID: 33566015 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520005822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest benefits of synchrotron radiation is the ability to perform chemical speciation analysis through X-ray absorption spectroscopies (XAS). XAS imaging of large sample areas can be performed with either full-field or raster-scanning modalities. A common practice to reduce acquisition time while decreasing dose and/or increasing spatial resolution is to compare X-ray fluorescence images collected at a few diagnostic energies. Several authors have used different multivariate data processing strategies to establish speciation maps. In this manuscript, the theoretical aspects and assumptions that are often made in the analysis of these datasets are focused on. A robust framework is developed to perform speciation mapping in large bulk samples at high spatial resolution by comparison with known references. Two fully operational software implementations are provided: a user-friendly implementation within the MicroAnalysis Toolkit software, and a dedicated script developed under the R environment. The procedure is exemplified through the study of a cross section of a typical fossil specimen. The algorithm provides accurate speciation and concentration mapping while decreasing the data collection time by typically two or three orders of magnitude compared with the collection of whole spectra at each pixel. Whereas acquisition of spectral datacubes on large areas leads to very high irradiation times and doses, which can considerably lengthen experiments and generate significant alteration of radiation-sensitive materials, this sparse excitation energy procedure brings the total irradiation dose greatly below radiation damage thresholds identified in previous studies. This approach is particularly adapted to the chemical study of heterogeneous radiation-sensitive samples encountered in environmental, material, and life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge X Cohen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, UVSQ, IPANEMA, F-91192 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Samuel M Webb
- Stanford Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Pierre Gueriau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, UVSQ, IPANEMA, F-91192 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Emmanuel Curis
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, EA 7537 - BioSTM, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris - Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Loïc Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, UVSQ, IPANEMA, F-91192 Saint-Aubin, France
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19
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Cortella L, Albino C, Tran QK, Froment K. 50 years of French experience in using gamma rays as a tool for cultural heritage remedial conservation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Callefo F, Maldanis L, Teixeira VC, Abans RADO, Monfredini T, Rodrigues F, Galante D. Evaluating Biogenicity on the Geological Record With Synchrotron-Based Techniques. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2358. [PMID: 31681221 PMCID: PMC6798071 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The biogenicity problem of geological materials is one of the most challenging ones in the field of paleo and astrobiology. As one goes deeper in time, the traces of life become feeble and ambiguous, blending with the surrounding geology. Well-preserved metasedimentary rocks from the Archaean are relatively rare, and in very few cases contain structures resembling biological traces or fossils. These putative biosignatures have been studied for decades and many biogenicity criteria have been developed, but there is still no consensus for many of the proposed structures. Synchrotron-based techniques, especially on new generation sources, have the potential for contributing to this field of research, providing high sensitivity and resolution that can be advantageous for different scientific problems. Exploring the X-ray and matter interactions on a range of geological materials can provide insights on morphology, elemental composition, oxidation states, crystalline structure, magnetic properties, and others, which can measurably contribute to the investigation of biogenicity of putative biosignatures. Here, we provide an overview of selected synchrotron-based techniques that have the potential to be applied in different types of questions on the study of biosignatures preserved in the geological record. The development of 3rd and recently 4th generation synchrotron sources will favor a deeper understanding of the earliest records of life on Earth and also bring up potential analytical approaches to be applied for the search of biosignatures in meteorites and samples returned from Mars in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Callefo
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lara Maldanis
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
- Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Verônica C. Teixeira
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Adrián de Oliveira Abans
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
- Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Monfredini
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fabio Rodrigues
- Fundamental Chemistry Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas Galante
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
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21
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Georgiou R, Gueriau P, Sahle CJ, Bernard S, Mirone A, Garrouste R, Bergmann U, Rueff JP, Bertrand L. Carbon speciation in organic fossils using 2D to 3D x-ray Raman multispectral imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw5019. [PMID: 31497643 PMCID: PMC6716953 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw5019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The in situ two-dimensional (2D) and 3D imaging of the chemical speciation of organic fossils is an unsolved problem in paleontology and cultural heritage. Here, we use x-ray Raman scattering (XRS)-based imaging at the carbon K-edge to form 2D and 3D images of the carbon chemistry in two exceptionally preserved specimens, a fossil plant dating back from the Carboniferous and an ancient insect entrapped in 53-million-year-old amber. The 2D XRS imaging of the plant fossil reveals a homogeneous chemical composition with micrometric "pockets" of preservation, likely inherited from its geological history. The 3D XRS imaging of the insect cuticle displays an exceptionally well preserved remaining chemical signature typical of polysaccharides such as chitin around a largely hollowed-out inclusion. Our results open up new perspectives for in situ chemical speciation imaging of fossilized organic materials, with the potential to enhance our understanding of organic specimens and their paleobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Georgiou
- IPANEMA, CNRS, ministère de la culture, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 48 St. Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l’Orme des Merisiers, BP 48 St. Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Gueriau
- IPANEMA, CNRS, ministère de la culture, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 48 St. Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christoph J. Sahle
- ESRF–The European Synchrotron, 71, avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvain Bernard
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Mirone
- ESRF–The European Synchrotron, 71, avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Romain Garrouste
- Institut de Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205 MNHN/CNRS/Sorbonne Univ./EPHE/Univ. Antilles, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Pascal Rueff
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l’Orme des Merisiers, BP 48 St. Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique–Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Loïc Bertrand
- IPANEMA, CNRS, ministère de la culture, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 48 St. Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l’Orme des Merisiers, BP 48 St. Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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22
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Cook PK, Mocuta C, Dufour É, Languille MA, Bertrand L. Full-section otolith microtexture imaged by local-probe X-ray diffraction. J Appl Crystallogr 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576718008610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An optimized synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction method is described for the direct and efficient measurement of crystallite phase and orientation at micrometre resolution across textured polycrystalline samples of millimetre size (high scale dynamics) within a reasonable time frame. The method is demonstrated by application to biomineral fish otoliths. Otoliths are calcium carbonate accretions formed in the inner ears of vertebrates. Fish otoliths are essential biological archives, providing information for individual age estimation, the study of population dynamics and fish stock management, as well as past environmental and climatic conditions from archaeological specimens. Here, X-ray diffraction mapping is discussed as a means of describing the mineralogical structure and microtexture of otoliths. Texture maps could be generated with a fewa priorihypotheses on the aragonitic system. Full-section imaging allows quantitative intercomparison of crystal orientation coupled to microstructural description, across the zones of the otoliths that represent distinctive mineral organization. It reveals the extents of these regions and their internal textural structure. Characterization of structural and textural correlations across whole images is therefore proposed as a complementary approach to investigate and validate the local in-depth nanometre-scale study of biominerals. The estimation of crystallite size and orientational distribution points to diffracting domains intermediate in size between the otolith nanogranules and the crystalline units, in agreement with recently reported results.
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23
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Abe H, Aquilanti G, Boada R, Bunker B, Glatzel P, Nachtegaal M, Pascarelli S. Improving the quality of XAFS data. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:972-980. [PMID: 29979158 PMCID: PMC6038603 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518006021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Following the Q2XAFS Workshop and Satellite to IUCr Congress 2017 on `Data Acquisition, Treatment, Storage - quality assurance in XAFS spectroscopy', a summary is given of the discussion on different aspects of a XAFS experiment that affect data quality. Some pertinent problems ranging from sources and minimization of noise to harmonic contamination and uncompensated monochromator glitches were addressed. Also, an overview is given of the major limitations and pitfalls of a selection of related methods, such as photon-out spectroscopies and energy-dispersive XAFS, and of increasingly common applications, namely studies at high pressure, and time-resolved investigations of catalysts in operando. Advice on how to avoid or deal with these problems and a few good practice recommendations are reported, including how to correctly report results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Abe
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Pieter Glatzel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
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24
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Vanmeert F, Hendriks E, Van der Snickt G, Monico L, Dik J, Janssens K. Chemical Mapping by Macroscopic X-ray Powder Diffraction (MA-XRPD) of Van Gogh's Sunflowers
: Identification of Areas with Higher Degradation Risk. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Vanmeert
- Antwerp X-ray Analysis; Electrochemistry and Speciation; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Ella Hendriks
- Programme Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage; University of Amsterdam; 1071 DV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Geert Van der Snickt
- Antwerp X-ray Analysis; Electrochemistry and Speciation; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Letizia Monico
- Antwerp X-ray Analysis; Electrochemistry and Speciation; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- SMAArt Centre; University of Perugia and CNR-ISTM; via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Joris Dik
- Department of Materials Science; Delft University of Technology; Mekelweg 2 2628 CD Delft The Netherlands
| | - Koen Janssens
- Antwerp X-ray Analysis; Electrochemistry and Speciation; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
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25
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Vanmeert F, Hendriks E, Van der Snickt G, Monico L, Dik J, Janssens K. Chemical Mapping by Macroscopic X-ray Powder Diffraction (MA-XRPD) of Van Gogh's Sunflowers
: Identification of Areas with Higher Degradation Risk. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7418-7422. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Vanmeert
- Antwerp X-ray Analysis; Electrochemistry and Speciation; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Ella Hendriks
- Programme Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage; University of Amsterdam; 1071 DV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Geert Van der Snickt
- Antwerp X-ray Analysis; Electrochemistry and Speciation; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Letizia Monico
- Antwerp X-ray Analysis; Electrochemistry and Speciation; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- SMAArt Centre; University of Perugia and CNR-ISTM; via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Joris Dik
- Department of Materials Science; Delft University of Technology; Mekelweg 2 2628 CD Delft The Netherlands
| | - Koen Janssens
- Antwerp X-ray Analysis; Electrochemistry and Speciation; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
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27
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Sanchez DF, Simionovici AS, Lemelle L, Cuartero V, Mathon O, Pascarelli S, Bonnin A, Shapiro R, Konhauser K, Grolimund D, Bleuet P. 2D/3D Microanalysis by Energy Dispersive X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Tomography. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16453. [PMID: 29184091 PMCID: PMC5705590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray spectroscopic techniques have proven to be particularly useful in elucidating the molecular and electronic structural information of chemically heterogeneous and complex micro- and nano-structured materials. However, spatially resolved chemical characterization at the micrometre scale remains a challenge. Here, we report the novel hyperspectral technique of micro Energy Dispersive X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (μED-XAS) tomography which can resolve in both 2D and 3D the spatial distribution of chemical species through the reconstruction of XANES spectra. To document the capability of the technique in resolving chemical species, we first analyse a sample containing 2-30 μm grains of various ferrous- and ferric-iron containing minerals, including hypersthene, magnetite and hematite, distributed in a light matrix of a resin. We accurately obtain the XANES spectra at the Fe K-edge of these four standards, with spatial resolution of 3 μm. Subsequently, a sample of ~1.9 billion-year-old microfossil from the Gunflint Formation in Canada is investigated, and for the first time ever, we are able to locally identify the oxidation state of iron compounds encrusting the 5 to 10 μm microfossils. Our results highlight the potential for attaining new insights into Precambrian ecosystems and the composition of Earth's earliest life forms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre S Simionovici
- ISTerre, UGA, CNRS, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Lemelle
- LGL-TPE, Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR5276, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Vera Cuartero
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Mathon
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Sakura Pascarelli
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Bonnin
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Russell Shapiro
- Geological and Environmental Sciences Department, CSU Chico, Chico, CA, USA
| | - Kurt Konhauser
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Pierre Bleuet
- University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054, Grenoble, France
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28
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Gueriau P, Rueff JP, Bernard S, Kaddissy JA, Goler S, Sahle CJ, Sokaras D, Wogelius RA, Manning PL, Bergmann U, Bertrand L. Noninvasive Synchrotron-Based X-ray Raman Scattering Discriminates Carbonaceous Compounds in Ancient and Historical Materials. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10819-10826. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gueriau
- IPANEMA, CNRS, Ministère
de la Culture, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 48 Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, BP 48 Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Rueff
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, BP 48 Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sorbonne Universités,
UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie
Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Bernard
- IMPMC,
CNRS UMR
7590, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, IRD UMR 206, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Josiane A. Kaddissy
- IPANEMA, CNRS, Ministère
de la Culture, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 48 Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sarah Goler
- Columbia
Nano Initiative, Columbia University, 530 West 120th Street, MC8903 1001
CEPSR, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Christoph J. Sahle
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Roy A. Wogelius
- University of Manchester, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science & Interdisciplinary Centre for Ancient Life, Manchester M139PL, U.K
| | - Phillip L. Manning
- Department
of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, College of Charleston, 66 George Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, United States
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester, M139PL, U.K
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Loïc Bertrand
- IPANEMA, CNRS, Ministère
de la Culture, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 48 Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, BP 48 Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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29
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Non-Invasive and Non-Destructive Examination of Artistic Pigments, Paints, and Paintings by Means of X-Ray Methods. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:81. [PMID: 27873287 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies are concisely reviewed, in which X-ray beams of (sub)micrometre to millimetre dimensions have been used for non-destructive analysis and characterization of pigments, minute paint samples, and/or entire paintings from the seventeenth to the early twentieth century painters. The overview presented encompasses the use of laboratory and synchrotron radiation-based instrumentation and deals with the use of several variants of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) as a method of elemental analysis and imaging, as well as with the combined use of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Microscopic XRF is a variant of the method that is well suited to visualize the elemental distribution of key elements, mostly metals, present in paint multi-layers, on the length scale from 1 to 100 μm inside micro-samples taken from paintings. In the context of the characterization of artists' pigments subjected to natural degradation, the use of methods limited to elemental analysis or imaging usually is not sufficient to elucidate the chemical transformations that have taken place. However, at synchrotron facilities, combinations of μ-XRF with related methods such as μ-XAS and μ-XRD have proven themselves to be very suitable for such studies. Their use is often combined with microscopic Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and/or Raman microscopy since these methods deliver complementary information of high molecular specificity at more or less the same length scale as the X-ray microprobe techniques. Since microscopic investigation of a relatively limited number of minute paint samples, taken from a given work of art, may not yield representative information about the entire artefact, several methods for macroscopic, non-invasive imaging have recently been developed. Those based on XRF scanning and full-field hyperspectral imaging appear very promising; some recent published results are discussed.
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Abstract
The preservation and understanding of cultural heritage depends increasingly on in-depth chemical studies. Rapid technological advances are forging connections between scientists and arts communities, enabling revolutionary new techniques for non-invasive technical study of culturally significant, highly prized artworks. We have applied a non-invasive, rapid, high definition X-ray fluorescence (XRF) elemental mapping technique to a French Impressionist painting using a synchrotron radiation source, and show how this technology can advance scholarly art interpretation and preservation. We have obtained detailed technical understanding of a painting which could not be resolved by conventional techniques. Here we show 31.6 megapixel scanning XRF derived elemental maps and report a novel image processing methodology utilising these maps to produce a false colour representation of a “hidden” portrait by Edgar Degas. This work provides a cohesive methodology for both imaging and understanding the chemical composition of artworks, and enables scholarly understandings of cultural heritage, many of which have eluded conventional technologies. We anticipate that the outcome from this work will encourage the reassessment of some of the world’s great art treasures.
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31
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Bertrand L, Bernard S, Marone F, Thoury M, Reiche I, Gourrier A, Sciau P, Bergmann U. Emerging Approaches in Synchrotron Studies of Materials from Cultural and Natural History Collections. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:7. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-015-0003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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32
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Mosca S, Frizzi T, Pontone M, Alberti R, Bombelli L, Capogrosso V, Nevin A, Valentini G, Comelli D. Identification of pigments in different layers of illuminated manuscripts by X-ray fluorescence mapping and Raman spectroscopy. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Gervais C, Languille MA, Moretti G, Réguer S. X-ray Photochemistry of Prussian Blue Cellulosic Materials: Evidence for a Substrate-Mediated Redox Process. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:8168-8175. [PMID: 26125282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Beside its promising applications in the design of multifunctional materials, batteries and biosensors, the pigment Prussian blue is still studied in heritage science because of its capricious fading behavior due to a complex light-induced redox mechanism. We studied model heritage materials composed of Prussian blue embedded into a cellulosic fiber substrate by means of X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. Significant X-ray radiation damage was observed and characterized. X-ray radiation induced first a reduction of Prussian blue, in a similar way to what visible light does, followed by a complete degradation of the pigment and the formation of iron(III) oxyhydroxide. We took advantage of this X-ray photochemistry to investigate in depth the redox behavior of Prussian blue. We could particularly demonstrate that the rate, extent, and quality of Prussian blue photoreduction can be tuned by modifying the pH and alkali cation content of the cellulosic substrate. The present study represents a step further in the understanding of Prussian blue heritage materials from an electrochemical viewpoint and provides evidence of substrate-mediated photochemistry applicable to a wider class of Prussian blue composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gervais
- †Bern University of Applied Sciences, HKB, Fellerstrasse 11, 3027 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Angélique Languille
- ‡Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC, USR 3224), Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, CNRS, CP21, 36 rue Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, 75005 Paris, France
- §IPANEMA (CNRS, MCC, USR 3461), Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Giulia Moretti
- †Bern University of Applied Sciences, HKB, Fellerstrasse 11, 3027 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Solenn Réguer
- ∥DiffAbs Beamline at Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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34
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Soft X-Ray Microscopy Radiation Damage On Fixed Cells Investigated With Synchrotron Radiation FTIR Microscopy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10250. [PMID: 25974639 PMCID: PMC4431353 DOI: 10.1038/srep10250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation damage of biological samples remains a limiting factor in high resolution X-ray microscopy (XRM). Several studies have attempted to evaluate the extent and the effects of radiation damage, proposing strategies to minimise or prevent it. The present work aims to assess the impact of soft X-rays on formalin fixed cells on a systematic manner. The novelty of this approach resides on investigating the radiation damage not only with XRM, as often reported in relevant literature on the topic, but by coupling it with two additional independent non-destructive microscopy methods: Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and FTIR Microscopy (FTIRM). Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cells were exposed to different radiation doses at 1 keV. In order to reveal possible morphological and biochemical changes, the irradiated cells were systematically analysed with AFM and FTIRM before and after. Results reveal that while cell morphology is not substantially affected, cellular biochemical profile changes significantly and progressively when increasing dose, resulting in a severe breakdown of the covalent bonding network. This information impacts most soft XRM studies on fixed cells and adds an in-depth understanding of the radiation damage for developing better prevention strategies.
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