1
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Chen D, Arancibia-Miranda N, Escudey M, Fu J, Lu Q, Amon CH, Galatro D, Guzmán AM. Nonlinear dependence (on ionic strength, pH) of surface charge density and zeta potential in microchannel electrokinetic flow. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20888. [PMID: 37876474 PMCID: PMC10590939 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a numerical method is proposed to predict the electrokinetic phenomena and combined with an experimental study of the surface charge density (ρ s ) and zeta potential (ζ ) behavior is investigated for borosilicate immersed in KCl and NaCl electrolytes, and for imogolite immersed in KCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 electrolytes. Simulations and experiments of the electrokinetic flows with electrolyte solutions were performed to accurately determine the electric double layer (EDL), ζ , and ρ s at various electrolyte concentrations and pH. The zeta potential was experimentally determined and numerically predicted by solving the coupled governing equations of mass, species, momentum, and electrical field iteratively. Our numerical prediction shows that ζ for borosilicate develops strong nonlinear behavior with the ion concentration following a power-law. Likewise, the ρ s obeys a nonlinear behavior, decreasing as the concentration increases. Moreover, for imogolite, both ζ and the ρ s behave nonlinearly with the pH. The EDL for borosilicate and imogolite becomes thinner as the electrolyte concentration and pH increase; this behavior is caused by increased ρ s , resulting in the higher attraction of the free charges. The reported nonlinear behavior describes more accurately the interaction of the nanoparticle surface charge with the electrolytes and its effect on the electrolyte transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Chen
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. B. O'Higgins 3363, 9170020, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Arancibia-Miranda
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CEDENNA, 9170124 Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. B. O'Higgins, 3363 Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Escudey
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CEDENNA, 9170124 Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. B. O'Higgins, 3363 Santiago, Chile
| | - Jiao Fu
- Xi'an key laboratory of advanced control and intelligent process, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, 710121, China
| | - Qin Lu
- Xi'an key laboratory of advanced control and intelligent process, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, 710121, China
| | - Cristina H. Amon
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniela Galatro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amador M. Guzmán
- Solar and Thermal Energy Conversion and Storage Device and System Laboratory, STECTEC, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Zhang A, Xu J, Li X, Lin Z, Song Y, Li X, Wang Z, Cheng Y. High-Throughput Continuous-Flow Separation in a Micro Free-Flow Electrophoresis Glass Chip Based on Laser Microfabrication. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:1124. [PMID: 35161869 PMCID: PMC8838507 DOI: 10.3390/s22031124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Micro free-flow electrophoresis (μFFE) provides a rapid and straightforward route for the high-performance online separation and purification of targeted liquid samples in a mild manner. However, the facile fabrication of a μFFE device with high throughput and high stability remains a challenge due to the technical barriers of electrode integration and structural design for the removal of bubbles for conventional methods. To address this, the design and fabrication of a high-throughput μFFE chip are proposed using laser-assisted chemical etching of glass followed by electrode integration and subsequent low-temperature bonding. The careful design of the height ratio of the separation chamber and electrode channels combined with a high flow rate of buffer solution allows the efficient removal of electrolysis-generated bubbles along the deep electrode channels during continuous-flow separation. The introduction of microchannel arrays further enhances the stability of on-chip high-throughput separation. As a proof-of-concept, high-performance purification of fluorescein sodium solution with a separation purity of ~97.9% at a voltage of 250 V from the mixture sample solution of fluorescein sodium and rhodamine 6G solution is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aodong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zijie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yunpeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xin Li
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ya Cheng
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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3
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Sagandira CR, Nqeketo S, Mhlana K, Sonti T, Gaqa S, Watts P. Towards 4th industrial revolution efficient and sustainable continuous flow manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00483b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The convergence of end-to-end continuous flow synthesis with downstream processing, process analytical technology (PAT), artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning and automation in ensuring improved accessibility of quality medicines on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sinazo Nqeketo
- Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Kanyisile Mhlana
- Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Thembela Sonti
- Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Sibongiseni Gaqa
- Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Paul Watts
- Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
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4
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Benítez-Mateos AI, Contente ML, Roura Padrosa D, Paradisi F. Flow biocatalysis 101: design, development and applications. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00483a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Flow biocatalysis: where to start? This tutorial review aims to guide and inspire new-comers to the field to boost the potential of flow biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesca Paradisi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- Bern
- Switzerland
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5
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Rudisch BM, Pfeiffer SA, Geissler D, Speckmeier E, Robitzki AA, Zeitler K, Belder D. Nonaqueous Micro Free-Flow Electrophoresis for Continuous Separation of Reaction Mixtures in Organic Media. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6689-6694. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Rudisch
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Simon A. Pfeiffer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - David Geissler
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Speckmeier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Andrea A. Robitzki
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Kirsten Zeitler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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6
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Zhou W, Xia L, Xiao X, Li G, Pu Q. A microchip device to enhance free flow electrophoresis using controllable pinched sample injections. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2165-2171. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Zhou
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Xiao
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- Department of Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu P. R. China
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7
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Srinivas PR. Introduction to Protein Electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1855:23-29. [PMID: 30426403 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8793-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This chapter briefly discusses the developments in electrophoresis of proteins from Tiselius' moving-boundary electrophoresis to the modern-day two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It also touches upon the staining methods used to visualize total proteins post electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pothur R Srinivas
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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8
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Akwi FM, Watts P. Continuous flow chemistry: where are we now? Recent applications, challenges and limitations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13894-13928. [PMID: 30483683 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07427e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A general outlook of the changing face of chemical synthesis is provided in this article through recent applications of continuous flow processing in both industry and academia. The benefits, major challenges and limitations associated with the use of this mode of processing are also given due attention as an attempt to put into perspective the current position of continuous flow processing, either as an alternative or potential combinatory technology for batch processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith M Akwi
- Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa.
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9
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Nagl S. Microfluidic Free-Flow Isoelectric Focusing with Real-Time pI Determination. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2018; 1906:113-124. [PMID: 30488389 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8964-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Free-flow electrophoresis (FFE) may be used for continuous and preparative separation of a wide variety of biomolecules. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) provides for the separation of compounds according to their isoelectric point (pI). Here we describe a microfluidic chip-based protocol for the fabrication, application, and optical monitoring of free-flow isoelectric focusing (FFIEF) of proteins and peptides on the microscale with optical surveillance of the microscopic pH gradient provided by an integrated pH sensing layer. This protocol may be used with modifications also for the FFIEF of other biomolecules and may serve as template for the fabrication of microfluidic chips with integrated fluorescent or luminescent pH sensor layers for FFE and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nagl
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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10
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Adarme CA, Leão RA, de Souza SP, Itabaiana I, de Souza RO, Rezende CM. Continuous-Flow Chemo and Enzymatic Synthesis of Monoterpenic Esters with Integrated Purification. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Continuous purification of reaction products by micro free-flow electrophoresis enabled by large area deep-UV fluorescence imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:853-862. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2015-mid 2017). Electrophoresis 2017; 39:209-234. [PMID: 28836681 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review brings a comprehensive overview of recent developments and applications of high performance capillary and microchip electroseparation methods (zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) to analysis, microscale isolation, purification, and physicochemical and biochemical characterization of peptides in the years 2015, 2016, and ca. up to the middle of 2017. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides and in the methodology of their analysis (sample preseparation, preconcentration and derivatization, adsorption suppression and EOF control, and detection) are described. New developments in particular CE and CEC methods are presented and several types of their applications to peptide analysis are reported: qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex (bio)matrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid, sequence and chiral analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some micropreparative peptide separations are shown and capabilities of CE and CEC methods to provide important physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Nagl S. Micro free-flow isoelectric focusing with integrated optical pH sensors. Eng Life Sci 2017; 18:114-123. [PMID: 32624893 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a new observation method for monitoring of pH gradients in microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis has emerged. It is based on the use of chip-integrated fluorescent or luminescent micro sensor layers. These are able to monitor pH gradients in miniaturized separations in real time and spatially resolved; this is particularly useful in isoelectric focusing. Here these multifunctional microdevices that feature continuous separation, monitoring, and in some instances other functionalities, are reviewed. The employed microfabrication procedures to produce these devices are discussed and the different pH sensor matrices that were integrated and their applications in the separation of different types of biomolecules. The procedures for obtaining spatially resolved information about the separated molecules and the pH at the same time and different detection modalities to achieve this such as deep UV fluorescence as well as time-resolved referenced pH sensing and the integration of a precolumn labeling step into these platforms are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nagl
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
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14
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Örkényi R, Éles J, Faigl F, Vincze P, Prechl A, Szakács Z, Kóti J, Greiner I. Continuous Synthesis and Purification by Coupling a Multistep Flow Reaction with Centrifugal Partition Chromatography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Örkényi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Budafoki út 8. 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - János Éles
- Gedeon Richter Plc.; Gyömrői út 19-21. 1103 Budapest Hungary
| | - Ferenc Faigl
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Budafoki út 8. 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Péter Vincze
- Gedeon Richter Plc.; Gyömrői út 19-21. 1103 Budapest Hungary
| | - Anita Prechl
- Gedeon Richter Plc.; Gyömrői út 19-21. 1103 Budapest Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szakács
- Gedeon Richter Plc.; Gyömrői út 19-21. 1103 Budapest Hungary
| | - János Kóti
- Gedeon Richter Plc.; Gyömrői út 19-21. 1103 Budapest Hungary
| | - István Greiner
- Gedeon Richter Plc.; Gyömrői út 19-21. 1103 Budapest Hungary
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15
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Örkényi R, Éles J, Faigl F, Vincze P, Prechl A, Szakács Z, Kóti J, Greiner I. Continuous Synthesis and Purification by Coupling a Multistep Flow Reaction with Centrifugal Partition Chromatography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8742-8745. [PMID: 28548374 PMCID: PMC5519935 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Continuous-flow multistep synthesis is combined with quasi-continuous final-product purification to produce pure products from crude reaction mixtures. In the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 2,4-difluoronitrobenzene with morpholine followed by a heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation, the desired monosubstituted product can be continuously separated from the co- and by-products in a purity of over 99 % by coupling a flow reactor sequence to a multiple dual-mode (MDM) centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) device. This purification technique has many advantages over HPLC, such as higher resolution and no need for column replacement or silica recycling, and it does not suffer from irreversible adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Örkényi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and TechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudafoki út 8.1111BudapestHungary
| | - János Éles
- Gedeon Richter Plc.Gyömrői út 19–21.1103BudapestHungary
| | - Ferenc Faigl
- Department of Organic Chemistry and TechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudafoki út 8.1111BudapestHungary
| | - Péter Vincze
- Gedeon Richter Plc.Gyömrői út 19–21.1103BudapestHungary
| | - Anita Prechl
- Gedeon Richter Plc.Gyömrői út 19–21.1103BudapestHungary
| | | | - János Kóti
- Gedeon Richter Plc.Gyömrői út 19–21.1103BudapestHungary
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16
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Dawod M, Arvin NE, Kennedy RT. Recent advances in protein analysis by capillary and microchip electrophoresis. Analyst 2017; 142:1847-1866. [PMID: 28470231 PMCID: PMC5516626 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00198c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This review article describes the significant recent advances in the analysis of proteins by capillary and microchip electrophoresis during the period from mid-2014 to early 2017. This review highlights the progressions, new methodologies, innovative instrumental modifications, and challenges for efficient protein analysis in human specimens, animal tissues, and plant samples. The protein analysis fields covered in this review include analysis of native, reduced, and denatured proteins in addition to Western blotting, protein therapeutics and proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Dawod
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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17
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Kochmann S, Krylov SN. Image processing and analysis system for development and use of free flow electrophoresis chips. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:256-266. [PMID: 27957577 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01381c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present an image processing and analysis system to facilitate detailed performance analysis of free flow electrophoresis (FFE) chips. It consists of a cost-effective self-built imaging setup and a comprehensive customizable software suite. Both components were designed modularly to be accessible, adaptable, versatile, and automatable. The system provides tools for i) automated identification of chip features (e.g. separation zone and flow markers), ii) extraction and analysis of stream trajectories, and iii) evaluation of flow profiles and separation quality (e.g. determination of resolution). Equipped with these tools, the presented image processing and analysis system will enable faster development of FFE chips and applications. It will also serve as a robust detector for fluorescence-based analytical applications of FFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Kochmann
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Sergey N Krylov
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
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18
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Bana P, Örkényi R, Lövei K, Lakó Á, Túrós GI, Éles J, Faigl F, Greiner I. The route from problem to solution in multistep continuous flow synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:6180-6189. [PMID: 28087127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of continuous flow chemistry allow the multistep preparation of complex molecules such as APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) in a telescoped manner. Numerous examples of laboratory-scale applications are described, which are pointing towards novel manufacturing processes of pharmaceutical compounds, in accordance with recent regulatory, economical and quality guidances. The chemical and technical knowledge gained during these studies is considerable; nevertheless, connecting several individual chemical transformations and the attached analytics and purification holds hidden traps. In this review, we summarize innovative solutions for these challenges, in order to benefit chemists aiming to exploit flow chemistry systems for the synthesis of biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Bana
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Örkényi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klára Lövei
- Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, H-1103 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Lakó
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - János Éles
- Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, H-1103 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Faigl
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary; MTA-BME Organic Chemical Technology Research Group, Budafoki út 8, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Greiner
- Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, H-1103 Budapest, Hungary.
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19
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Herzog C, Poehler E, Peretzki AJ, Borisov SM, Aigner D, Mayr T, Nagl S. Continuous on-chip fluorescence labelling, free-flow isoelectric focusing and marker-free isoelectric point determination of proteins and peptides. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1565-1572. [PMID: 27064144 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00055j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a microfluidic platform that contains a micro flow reactor for on-chip biomolecule labelling that is directly followed by a separation bed for continuous free-flow electrophoresis and has an integrated hydrogel-based near-infrared fluorescent pH sensor layer. Using this assembly, labelling of protein and peptide mixtures, their separation via free-flow isoelectric focusing and the determination of the isoelectric point (pI) of the separated products via the integrated sensor layer could be carried out within typically around 5 minutes. Spatially-resolved immobilization of fluidic and sensing structures was carried out via multistep photolithography. The assembly was characterized and optimized with respect to their fluidic and pH sensing properties and applied in the IEF of model proteins, peptides and a tryptic digest from physalaemine. We have therefore realized continuous sample preparation and preparative separation, analyte detection, process observation and analyte assignment capability based on pI on a single platform the size of a microscope slide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Herzog
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Poehler
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Andrea J Peretzki
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sergey M Borisov
- Institut für Analytische Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Aigner
- Institut für Analytische Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institut für Analytische Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Nagl
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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