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Drabińska N, Marcinkowska MA, Wieczorek MN, Jeleń HH. Application of Sorbent-Based Extraction Techniques in Food Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:7985. [PMID: 38138475 PMCID: PMC10745519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents an outline of the application of the most popular sorbent-based methods in food analysis. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is discussed based on the analyses of lipids, mycotoxins, pesticide residues, processing contaminants and flavor compounds, whereas solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is discussed having volatile and flavor compounds but also processing contaminants in mind. Apart from these two most popular methods, other techniques, such as stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), high-capacity sorbent extraction (HCSE), and needle-trap devices (NTD), are outlined. Additionally, novel forms of sorbent-based extraction methods such as thin-film solid-phase microextraction (TF-SPME) are presented. The utility and challenges related to these techniques are discussed in this review. Finally, the directions and need for future studies are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Henryk H. Jeleń
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland; (N.D.); (M.A.M.); (M.N.W.)
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2
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Wang Z, Sun C, Wu S, Ding S, Chen L, Wu L, Lou J, Xia B, Wang L. Determination of vitamin K in infant formulas by liquid chromatography-online electrochemical reduction based on porous Pt/Ti electrode-fluorescence detection. Food Chem 2023; 426:136534. [PMID: 37302307 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and selective HPLC method for the determination of vitamin K vitamers including phylloquinone (PK) and menaquinones (MK-4) in infant formulas is described. The K vitamers were quantified with a fluorescence detector after online post-column electrochemical reduction occurring in a laboratory-made electrochemical reactor (ECR) equipped with platinum plated porous titanium (Pt/Ti) electrodes. The morphology of the electrode showed that the grain size of Pt was homogeneous and well plated on the porous Ti substrate, resulting in largely improved electrochemical reduction efficiency due to the large specific surface area. In addition, the operation parameters such as mobile phase/supporting electrolyte and working potential were optimized. The detection limits of PK and MK-4 were 0.81 and 0.78 ng g-1. Infant formula varying in stages were detected, showing PK ranged from 26.4 to 71.2 µg/100 g, while MK-4 was not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- Zhejiang Geology and Mineral Technology Co., LTD. Hangzhou 310007, China.
| | - Shuchao Wu
- Zhejiang Geology and Mineral Technology Co., LTD. Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Zhejiang Geology and Mineral Technology Co., LTD. Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Lingxia Chen
- Zhejiang Geology and Mineral Technology Co., LTD. Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Liying Wu
- Zhejiang Geology and Mineral Technology Co., LTD. Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Jian Lou
- Zhejiang Geology and Mineral Technology Co., LTD. Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Zhejiang Geology and Mineral Technology Co., LTD. Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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3
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Yi K, Xie J, Qu Z, Lin Y, Huang Z, Peng T, Zhao Y, Zhai R, Gong X, Jiang Y, Dai X, Fang X. Quantification of 25OHD in serum by ID-LC-MS/MS based on oriented immobilization of antibody on magnetic materials. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:216. [PMID: 37173548 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanomaterials are widely used, but co-adsorption of impurities will lead to saturation. In this study, the aim was to prepare a magnetic nano-immunosorbent material based on orienting immobilization that can purify and separate 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) from serum and provides a new concept of sample pretreatment technology. Streptococcus protein G (SPG) was modified on the surface of the chitosan magnetic material, and the antibody was oriented immobilized using the ability of SPG to specifically bind to the Fc region of the monoclonal antibody. The antigen-binding domain was fully exposed and made up for the deficiency of the antibody random immobilization. Compared with the antibody in the random binding format, this oriented immobilization strategy can increase the effective activity of the antibody, and the amount of antibody consumed is saved to a quarter of the former. The new method is simple, rapid, and sensitive, without consuming a lot of organic reagents, and can enrich 25OHD after simple protein precipitation. Combining with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the analysis can be completed in less than 30 min. For 25OHD2 and 25OHD3, the LOD was 0.021 and 0.017 ng mL-1, respectively, and the LOQ was 0.070 and 0.058 ng mL-1, respectively. The results indicated that the magnetic nanomaterials based on oriented immobilization can be applied as an effective, sensitive, and attractive adsorbent to the enrichment of serum 25OHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Yi
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, |Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Technology Innovation, National Institute of Metrology, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jie Xie
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, |Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ziyu Qu
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, |Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yanling Lin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zejian Huang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, |Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, |Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, |Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, |Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyun Gong
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, |Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - You Jiang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, |Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, |Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiang Fang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, |Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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4
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Słowik-Borowiec M, Głąb N, Stach S, Szpyrka E. A Miniaturized Sample Preparation Method for the Determination of Vitamins A and E in Food Products. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083449. [PMID: 37110682 PMCID: PMC10144259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A new analytical approach to the simultaneous identification and quantification of vitamins A and E in three representative matrices (Parmesan, spinach, and almonds) was developed. The analyses were based on high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-VIS/DAD detection. The procedure was optimized by a significant reduction in the weight of the tested products and quantities of reagents added during the saponification and extraction stages. A full method validation study was performed for retinol at two concentration levels (LOQ and 200 × LOQ), which showed satisfactory results, with recoveries ranging from 98.8 to 110.1%, and an average CV of 8.9%. Linearity was tested in the range of 1-500 µg/mL and showed the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.999. The satisfactory recovery and precision parameters were achieved for α-tocopherol (LOQ and 500 × LOQ) in the range of 70.6-143.2%, with a mean CV equal to 6.5%. The observed linearity for this analyte in the concentration range of 1.06-532.0 µg/mL was R2 = 0.999. The average extended uncertainties were estimated, using a top-down approach of 15.9% and 17.6% for vitamin E and A, respectively. Finally, the method was successfully applied to determine vitamins in 15 commercial samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Słowik-Borowiec
- Institute of Biotechnology, Collegium of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 1 Pigoń St., 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Natalia Głąb
- Institute of Biotechnology, Collegium of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 1 Pigoń St., 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Sabina Stach
- Institute of Biotechnology, Collegium of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 1 Pigoń St., 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Ewa Szpyrka
- Institute of Biotechnology, Collegium of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 1 Pigoń St., 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
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Van Wayenbergh E, Verheijen J, Langenaeken NA, Foubert I, Courtin CM. A simple method for analysis of vitamin A palmitate in fortified cereal products using direct solvent extraction followed by reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection. Food Chem 2023; 404:134584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Effect of different cooking method on vitamin E and K content and true retention of legumes and vegetables commonly consumed in Korea. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 32:647-658. [PMID: 37009044 PMCID: PMC10050254 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of cooking method on the content and true retention of vitamin E and K in legumes and vegetables, which are commonly consumed in Korea. Among eight isomers of vitamin E, α- and γ-tocopherol were detected at 0.44-1.03 and 2.05-2.11 mg/100 g, respectively, in legumes including chick pea, kidney bean, lentil, pea, and sword bean and they were decreased after boiling. Phylloquinone (vitamin K1) was present at a range of 31.33 to 91.34 μg/100 g in legumes and true retention was reduced after boiling. In 21 kinds of vegetables, α-tocopherol and phylloquinone were present at 0.14-1.85 mg/100 g and 34.55-510.83 μg/100 g, respectively. α-Tocopherol and phylloquinone increased in most vegetables after cooking via blanching, boiling, steaming, and grilling. This study revealed that cooking changed vitamin E and K contents of legumes and vegetables and the changes were dependent on the type of food and cooking method. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01206-9.
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7
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Tripathi A, Ansari M, Dandekar P, Jain R. Analytical methods for 25-hydroxyvitamin D: Advantages and limitations of the existing assays. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 109:109123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Rathi DNG, Rashed AA, Noh MFM. Determination of retinol and carotenoids in selected Malaysian food products using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-04955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe presented method is focused on simultaneous determination of retinol and two carotenoids (lutein, β-carotene) in selected Malaysian food products. A Dionex Ultimate 3000 Series High-Performance Liquid Chromatography system equipped with two Dionex Acclaim Polar Advantage II C18 columns was utilized in this study. Simultaneous elution of retinol, lutein and β-carotene was achieved within 45 min with gradient profile of methanol and ultra-pure water (95:5–100:0–95:5) programmed at 0.8 mL/min flow rate and 30 °C. Retinol was acquired at 325 nm while lutein and β-carotene were acquired at 440 nm. Limits of detection and quantification of retinol and lutein were at 0.10, 0.34 µg/mL, and 0.08, 0.26 µg/mL; respectively while higher levels were observed for β-carotene at 1.06 and 3.54 µg/mL. Linearity test indicated R2 of 0.996–0.999, along with high accuracy (71.92–116.29%) and excellent repeatability for all analytes. Extraction efficiency was determined using standard addition into representative food product with recovery obtained in the range of 61.86–116.90% for all three analytes. The developed in-house HPLC method incorporates an enclosed solid-phase extraction system that is believed to further improve sample purification and analytes detection. On the whole, the developed on-line SPE-HPLC technique and efficient sample pre-treatment is deemed a reliable approach for simultaneous determination of retinol, lutein and β-carotene, as analyzed among the selected Malaysian food products. Additionally, the described procedure could also benefit routine analysis of these analytes in other food matrices or for determination of other analytes with similar chemistry and faster elution.
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9
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Simultaneous Quantification of Vitamin A and Derivatives in Cosmetic Products by Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (retinol) and some of its derivatives are a group of fat-soluble compounds used in cosmetic products as bioactive ingredients. Therefore, it is necessary to perform the quality control of final product to ensure their efficacy and safety. A simple and rapid method to determine retinol, retinal, retinyl acetate, retinyl propionate and retinyl palmitate in cosmetics is presented here. The method is based on vortex and/or ultrasound-assisted leaching of the analytes in ethanol followed by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The analytical performance of the method was evaluated. It has shown high levels of linearity, at least up to 100 µg mL−1; high precision with RSD values below 14% and high sensitivity with low MLODs ranging between 0.3 × 10−4 and 5.9 × 10−4 % w/w, which are enough to monitor these compounds in cosmetic products. The proposed method was successfully applied to seven commercial cosmetic samples to detect and quantify the target analytes, showing the method is suitable for its employment for quality control in cosmetic industries. Cosmetic samples were spiked at two levels of concentration and recovery values around 100% were obtained, showing no significant matrix effects and, therefore, external calibration was adequate for this determination.
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10
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Kalogiouri NP, Kabir A, Olayanju B, Furton KG, Samanidou VF. Development of highly hydrophobic fabric phase sorptive extraction membranes and exploring their applications for the rapid determination of tocopherols in edible oils analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography-diode array detection. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1664:462785. [PMID: 34992043 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Α novel, green, and facile fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) prior to high pressure liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) methodology was developed for the efficient extraction and quantitative determination of tocopherols (α-, sum of (β+γ), and δ-) in edible oils. Among several highly hydrophobic FPSE membranes, sol-gel polycaprolactone-polydimethylsiloxane-polycaprolactone (sol-gel PCAP-PDMS-PCAP) coated polyester FPSE membrane was found as the most efficient in extracting tocopherol homologues from edible oil samples. To maximize the extraction efficiency of FPSE membrane, major parameters of FPSE including the membrane size, sample loading time, the choice of the appropriate elution solvent and the elution solvent volume, desorption time, and the influence of stirring were systematically optimized. The developed FPSE-HPLC-DAD methodology was validated and presented adequately low limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) over the ranges 0.05-0.10 μg/g, and 0.17-0.33 μg/g, respectively. The RSD% of the within-day and between-day assays were lower than 1.3, and 11.8, respectively, demonstrating good method precision. The trueness of the method was assessed by means of relative percentage of recovery and ranged between 90.8 and 95.1% for within-day assay, and between 88.7-92.8% for between-day assay. The developed methodology was applied in the analysis of edible oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa P Kalogiouri
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Basit Olayanju
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth G Furton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Victoria F Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Ganzera M, Zwerger M. Analysis of natural products by SFC – Applications from 2015 to 2021. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Jambo H, Dispas A, Hubert C, Lecomte F, Ziemons É, Hubert P. Generic SFC-MS methodology for the quality control of vitamin D 3 oily formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114492. [PMID: 34864591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a key micronutrient whose intakes are inadequate for most populations worldwide. Supplementation with medicines or food supplements is commonly prescribed to correct this imbalance and the quality of these products must be ensured. In this context, a generic methodology for the assay of vitamin D3 in oily formulations is proposed using supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (SFC-MS). It is in line with green analytical chemistry principles and combines the use of i) a fast and robust analytical method (4.0 min analysis time) ii) an easy sample preparation compatible with high throughput analysis ("dilute-and-shoot" approach) and iii) a relevant control strategy. Seventeen products from multiple manufacturers and encompassing a large content range were evaluated in this study. They were classified in four groups to streamline their processing considering the use of a matrix-matched calibration procedure. Matrix effect was thoroughly studied and was found to be low (99-106%), stable intra/inter-series and comparable between the different groups and types of matrices. The implemented control strategy was based on a three-level system suitability tests (SST). Level 1 SST: resolution of the critical pair that was above 1.5 for all analysis series. Level 2 SST: evaluation of the adequacy of the calibration for a QC sample in terms of recovery that was between 97% and 104% with a variability between 1% and 2%. Level 3 SST: method trueness that was between 95% and 102%. Sample analysis highlighted differences in types of products and dosage forms. This is the first study to propose a complete strategy for the quality control of vitamin D3 oily formulations and should prove useful in QC laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Jambo
- University of Liège (ULiège), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Amandine Dispas
- University of Liège (ULiège), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium; University of Liège (ULiège), CIRM, Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cédric Hubert
- University of Liège (ULiège), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Lecomte
- University of Liège (ULiège), CIRM, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liège, Belgium
| | - Éric Ziemons
- University of Liège (ULiège), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Hubert
- University of Liège (ULiège), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
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Polak B, Pajurek E. Separation of some vitamins in reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography and pressurized planar electrochromatography with eluent containing surfactant. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21851. [PMID: 34750458 PMCID: PMC8575784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The separation of some water- and fat-soluble vitamins via micellar systems of reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and pressurized planar electrochromatography (PPEC) was subjected to research. Hence, the influence of the mobile phase composition (surfactant and acetonitrile concentration, eluent buffer pH) on the migration distances and zone separation of some vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin, folic acid, ergocalciferol and α-tocopherol) was investigated. Our results indicated that the applied technique has an impact on the solute order. Comparing the system capacity of HPLC and PPEC (measured as height of the theoretical plate) for the mobile phase systems with and without surfactant shows differences, especially for fat-soluble vitamin. The variances and reproducibilities (% RDS) values of the vitamin are less in PPEC than in TLC. Moreover, the migration distances of water-soluble vitamins are longer than fat-soluble ones. Overall, eluent consisting of 50% acetonitrile, 18.75 mM SDS, the buffer of pH 6.99 via the PPEC technique was most appropriate for determining the investigated vitamins in the artificial mixture and the two commercially available vitamin combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Polak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Emilia Pajurek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
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14
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Karrar E, Ahmed IAM, Manzoor MF, Wei W, Sarpong F, Wang X. Lipid-soluble vitamins from dairy products: Extraction, purification, and analytical techniques. Food Chem 2021; 373:131436. [PMID: 34740052 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Milk and dairy products are considered as essential sources of lipid-soluble vitamins (LSVs) for human nutrition. Due to the lower concentrations, complexity, and instability of LSVs during extraction, their quantification remains challenging. This review focus on advances in the extraction and quantification of LSVs from different dairy products. Saponification, and liquid-liquid (LLE), solid-phase (SPE), and supercritical fluid (SFE) extraction methods, as well as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, are the most common techniques. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS) has unique advantages for LSVs determination and quantification due to its high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Karrar
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Isam A Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Frederick Sarpong
- Value Addition Division, Oil Palm Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kade, Ghana
| | - Xingguo Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Lin Y, Yang X, Chen G, Li L, Ma Y, Liang-Schenkelberg J. Fast determination of vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E in food by online SPE combined with heart-cutting two dimensional Liquid Chromatography. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Indyk HE, Gill BD, Wei S, Harvey L, Woollard DC. Quantitation of Vitamin K in Milk Products by Pre-column Reduction HPLC–Fluorescence. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Temova Rakuša Ž, Pišlar M, Kristl A, Roškar R. Comprehensive Stability Study of Vitamin D3 in Aqueous Solutions and Liquid Commercial Products. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:617. [PMID: 33922975 PMCID: PMC8147103 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 has numerous beneficial effects, such as musculoskeletal, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective. However, its instability is the main obstacle to formulating quality products. Despite increased attention and growing use, data on vitamin D3 stability is scarce because data from individual studies is inconclusive and mostly qualitative. Therefore, we have systematically investigated the influence of various factors (temperature, light, oxygen, pH, concentration, and metal ions) on its stability in aqueous media using a stability-indicating HPLC-UV method. First-order kinetics fitted its degradation under all tested conditions except light and oxygen. In both cases, the established models in chemical kinetics were inappropriate and upgraded with the Weibull model. Metal ions and acidic conditions had the main destabilizing effect on vitamin D3 in aqueous media, but these solutions were successfully stabilized after the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ascorbic acid, and citric acid, individually and in combination. EDTA showed the most significant stabilizing effect. Synergism among antioxidants was not observed. Our findings on vitamin D3 instability in aqueous media also correlated with its instability in commercial products. Vitamin D3 aqueous products require proper stabilization, thereby signifying the importance and contribution of the obtained results to the formulation of stable and quality products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert Roškar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (Ž.T.R.); (M.P.); (A.K.)
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An Efficient Solid-Phase Extraction-Based Liquid Chromatography Method to Simultaneously Determine Diastereomers α-Tocopherol, Other Tocols, and Retinol Isomers in Infant Formula. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5591620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The separation and simultaneous quantitation of diastereomers of DL-α-tocopherol, eight tocol forms, and retinols (trans and cis) have been conducted by reversed-phase liquid chromatography followed by solid-phase extraction. A chiral silica stationary phase modified with polysaccharide derivative on the monodisperse macroporous silica gel (Unichiral OD-5H column, 150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, NanoMicro Technology Co., Ltd.) was employed for eluting each target compound. Instead of conventional solvent extract, a green and eco-friendly solid-phase extraction column, packing with nonpolar polystyrene divinylbenzene, was optimized in terms of capacity and solvent used in steps. Validation of the method was examined and confirmed to be satisfactory, with excellent linearity regression (r > 0.9999), acceptable accuracy (74.66%∼112.92%), and precision (0.20%∼10.52%) results. Limit of detection ranged from 0.05 mg·kg−1 (retinols) to 0.4 mg·kg−1 (tocols). The method was checked by infant formula reference material SRM 1849a as well, which illustrated good agreement of mass fraction with certified value and enriched the important isomer data.
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Katsa M, Papalouka N, Mavrogianni T, Papagiannopoulou I, Kostakis M, Proestos C, Thomaidis NS. Comparative Study for the Determination of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Rice Cereal Baby Foods Using HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS. Foods 2021; 10:648. [PMID: 33803839 PMCID: PMC8003111 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Two liquid chromatographic systems, one coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and tandem mass spectrometric methods (UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS) and the other a high-performance liquid chromatographic coupled to diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) were used to develop and validate methods for the simultaneous determination of fat-soluble vitamins A, D3 and E in rice cereal baby foods. The chromatographic separation was performed on C18 columns with a mixture of methanol-acetonitrile as mobile phase for all methods. The extraction of fat-soluble vitamins included enzymatic hydrolysis with α-amylase, saponification, extraction with petroleum ether or n-hexane and purification with silica cartridge (only for vitamin D3). Quantification of vitamin D3 and E through UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS was performed by the use of internal standards (IS) D3-d3 and E-d6, respectively, while IS was not used for vitamin A. The methods were optimized and validated in terms of linearity, precision, trueness, limits of detection and quantification. The recoveries were in the range of 85.0-107% for retinol, 92.0-105% for α-tocopherol and 95.2-106% for cholecalciferol and the %RSD (Relative Standard Deviation) values ranged from 6.4% to 15%. The evaluation of the methods was also conducted through the estimation of uncertainties, the application in commercial samples and the participation in a proficiency test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Katsa
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (N.P.); (T.M.); (I.P.); (M.K.)
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Natalia Papalouka
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (N.P.); (T.M.); (I.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Theodora Mavrogianni
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (N.P.); (T.M.); (I.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Irene Papagiannopoulou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (N.P.); (T.M.); (I.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Marios Kostakis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (N.P.); (T.M.); (I.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Charalampos Proestos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos S. Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (N.P.); (T.M.); (I.P.); (M.K.)
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Simultaneous Determination of Tocopherols, Phytosterols, and Squalene in Vegetable Oils by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-01987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Fanali C, D’Orazio G, Gentili A, Fanali S. Analysis of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs by using Microfluidic Techniques: A Review. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916666200401124059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this review paper, miniaturized techniques, including both electromigration and liquid
chromatographic techniques, have been discussed considering their main features in the analytical field
for the separation and analysis of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). In Capillary Electrophoresis
(CE) and nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC), separation is performed in capillaries
with Internal Diameter (I.D.) lower than 100 μm and therefore flow rates in the range 100-1000 nL/min
are applied. Therefore, due to the low flow rate, high mass sensitivity can be obtained. Usually, conventional
UV detectors are used on-line; however, these techniques can be coupled with Mass Spectrometry
(MS). CE and nano-LC have also been applied to the separation of NSAIDs using silica stationary
phases (SP) modified with C<sub>18</sub> promoting interaction with analytes mainly based on hydrophobic
interaction. Besides, the use of chiral SP was found to be effective for the chiral resolution of these
compounds. In addition to silica phases, monolithic (both organic and inorganic) material has also been
used. Although most of the presented studies aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of the considered
microfluidic techniques, some applications to real samples have also been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fanali
- Faculty of Science, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome,Italy
| | - Giovanni D’Orazio
- Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km 29,300 - 00015 Monterotondo,Italy
| | - Alessandra Gentili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza“, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, P.O. Box 34, Posta 62, 00185 Roma,Italy
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- Teaching Committee of Ph.D. School in Natural Science and Engineering, University of Verona, Verona,Italy
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Electrochemical vitamin sensors: A critical review. Talanta 2021; 222:121645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Jensen MB, Ložnjak Švarc P, Jakobsen J. Vitamin K (phylloquinone and menaquinones) in foods - Optimisation of extraction, clean-up and LC-ESI-MS/MS method for quantification. Food Chem 2020; 345:128835. [PMID: 33321348 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence of vitamin K's importance in human health beyond blood coagulation and bone health necessitates its further research. A method involving extraction, lipase treatment, clean-up, and detection and quantification by LC-ESI-MS/MS of phylloquinone (PK), menaquinone-4 (MK-4), menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and menaquinone-9 (MK-9) was developed, and single-laboratory validated. The matrices included in the validation were hazelnut, cheese, broccoli, and pork. The LC-method runtime was 9 min. The LOQ for PK, MK-4 and MK-7 was 0.5 µg/100 g food, while for MK-9 it was 2.5 µg/100 g food. The intra- and inter-day precision was <15% for endogenous and spiked levels, except for low content at 4 times the LOQ. Trueness was assessed to be in the range 94-125% for spiking at levels approximately 4 and 10 times LOQ. It is further shown that deuterium labelled MK-7 can be used as an internal standard for MK-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bagge Jensen
- Research Group for Bioactives - Analysis and Application, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Petra Ložnjak Švarc
- Research Group for Bioactives - Analysis and Application, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jette Jakobsen
- Research Group for Bioactives - Analysis and Application, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Md Noh MF, Gunasegavan RDN, Mustafa Khalid N, Balasubramaniam V, Mustar S, Abd Rashed A. Recent Techniques in Nutrient Analysis for Food Composition Database. Molecules 2020; 25:E4567. [PMID: 33036314 PMCID: PMC7582643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Food composition database (FCD) provides the nutritional composition of foods. Reliable and up-to date FCD is important in many aspects of nutrition, dietetics, health, food science, biodiversity, plant breeding, food industry, trade and food regulation. FCD has been used extensively in nutrition labelling, nutritional analysis, research, regulation, national food and nutrition policy. The choice of method for the analysis of samples for FCD often depends on detection capability, along with ease of use, speed of analysis and low cost. Sample preparation is the most critical stage in analytical method development. Samples can be prepared using numerous techniques; however it should be applicable for a wide range of analytes and sample matrices. There are quite a number of significant improvements on sample preparation techniques in various food matrices for specific analytes highlighted in the literatures. Improvements on the technology used for the analysis of samples by specific instrumentation could provide an alternative to the analyst to choose for their laboratory requirement. This review provides the reader with an overview of recent techniques that can be used for sample preparation and instrumentation for food analysis which can provide wide options to the analysts in providing data to their FCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, No.1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia; (R.D.-N.G.); (N.M.K.); (V.B.); (S.M.); (A.A.R.)
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Lee HJ, Shin C, Chun YS, Kim J, Jung H, Choung J, Shim SM. Physicochemical properties and bioavailability of naturally formulated fat-soluble vitamins extracted from agricultural products for complementary use for natural vitamin supplements. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5660-5672. [PMID: 33133568 PMCID: PMC7590293 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties, digestive stability, storage stability, and intestinal absorption of formulated natural vitamins (FNV) by mixing fat-soluble vitamins extracted from agricultural products with their synthetic vitamin (SYNV) counterparts using a 6 to 4 ratio (w:w, dry weight). The FNV A, D, E, and K were evenly dispersed without crystal growth in the dispersion specifications for the functional tablet foods. The FNV A, D, E, and K had 89, 73, 65, and 36% of the digestive recovery, respectively, which was comparable to that of the SYNV. FNV D, E, and K were retained over 77%, but rapidly decreased to 15% after 6 months during accelerated storage at 25 30 and 35℃. The comparable radical scavenging capacity was found between the FNV and the SYNV. Results from the current study suggest that fat-soluble vitamins extracted from agricultural products could be reasonable complementary use for natural vitamin supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and BiotechnologySejong UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Changho Shin
- Department of Sports ScienceSungkyunkwan UniversityGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Jongkyu Kim
- Aribio Co., Ltd.Gyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Hansang Jung
- Department of Physical EducationKangnam UniversityGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Soon Mi Shim
- Department of Food Science and BiotechnologySejong UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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26
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Feng L, Wu L, Guo Y, Hamada N, Hashi Y, Li X, Cao L. Determination of vitamin D3 in daily oily supplements by a two-dimensional supercritical fluid chromatography-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1629:461510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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High-efficient of graphene nanocomposite: Application to rapidly simultaneous identification and quantitation of fat-soluble vitamins in different matric samples. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Yin S, Yang Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Wu L, Sun C. A Novel Ionic Liquid-Based Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Simultaneous Determination of Eight Vitamin E Isomers in Human Serum. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:989-996. [PMID: 33241334 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin E deficiencies are prevalent around the world and have become one of the major public health issues. It is necessary to determine their levels in human serum for routine clinical practice. OBJECTIVE In this study, a simple and green ionic liquid-based (IL)vortex-assisted (VA) liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) combined with HPLC was developed for simultaneous determination of eight vitamin E isomers in human serum. METHODS The IL, 1-octyl-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([OMIM]OTf), was added into the diluted sample and vortexed to form a cloudy solution. After centrifugation, the IL phase was collected for HPLC analysis. The separation was accomplished on a Phenomenex Luna-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and the column temperature was 30°C. The mobile phase was methanol/acetonitrile (80 + 20, v/v) and the flow rate was 0.7 mL/min. A fluorescence detector was used for the simultaneous detection of eight vitamin E isomers, and the detection wavelength was set at 290/327 nm. The LLME procedure can be completed within 10 min without using any organic solvent. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiencies were optimized, including the type and volume of the ILs, dispersive solvent, vortex time, and salt addition. RESULTS Under the optimal conditions, limits of detection were 0.857-4.16 ng/mL. Acceptable recoveries ranging from 80.1% to 103% were achieved, with relative standard deviations less than 13.0%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the detection of eight vitamin E isomers in human serum samples. CONCLUSIONS This method is simple, fast, environment-friendly, cheap, and has similar linear ranges, sensitivities, accuracy, and precision as those reported chromatographic methods. HIGHLIGHTS The IL, [OMIM]OTf, was chosen as the green extractant of LLME for vitamin E extraction because of its strong adsorption property for vitamin E isomers. An IL-VA-LLME method has been developed for the analysis of 8 vitamin E isomers. The established method was successfully applied to the analysis of 8 vitamin E isomers in human serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yin
- Sichuan University, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Southwest Medical University, School of Public Health, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Sichuan University, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Sichuan University, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Sichuan, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Sichuan University, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- Sichuan University, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Sichuan, Chengdu 610041, China
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Abstract
Vitamin D and its analogues are fat-soluble vitamins that carry out important functions in human and animal organisms. Many studies have pointed out the relationship between the deficiency of these substances and the development of both skeletal- and extra-skeletal diseases. Although vitamin D is fundamentally derived from the bio-transformation of its precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol, through the action of UV-B radiation in the skin, dietary intake also plays an important role in the regulation of its status in an organism. For this reason, the application of reliable methodologies that enable monitoring the content of vitamin D and its analogues in food and supplements constitutes an aspect of special relevance to establish adequate habits, which avoid the deficiency of these substances in organisms and, consequently, the appearance of related diseases. The use of chromatographic techniques in combination with conventional and novel sample pre-treatments has become a suitable strategy to achieve this aim. This review compiles the most relevant methodologies reported in the last ten years for vitamin D analogues analysis in food matrices. Particular attention has been paid to provide a general overview of the most suitable approaches in terms of reliability, sensitivity and simplicity, used in the field of food analysis.
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30
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Jia W, Dong X, Shi L, Chu X. Discrimination of Milk from Different Animal Species by a Foodomics Approach Based on High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6638-6645. [PMID: 32469210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An untargeted foodomics strategy based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole orbitrap and chemometrics was used to observe subtle differences in the molecule profiles of raw milk from different animal species (cow milk, goat milk, and water buffalo milk), which could prevent the fraud activities in the dairy industry. In data-dependent acquisition (DIA), spectra for all precursor ions facilitated the comprehensive identification of unknown compounds in untargeted foodomics. Chemometrics techniques were used to analyze large amounts of complex data to observe the separation of different sample groups and find the potential markers of sample groups. Finally, five markers were putatively identified by the potential marker identification workflow. The quantification results showed that β-carotene was found only in cow milk; ergocalciferol was found only in water buffalo milk; and the contents of nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, and octanoic acid were higher in goat milk than those in cow milk and water buffalo milk. The quantification of β-carotene enabled the detection of cow milk with a sensitivity threshold of 5% (w/w). This work provided an efficient approach for the discrimination of cow milk, goat milk, and water buffalo milk. Compared with proteomics and genomics, the simpler analytical procedures, lower costs, and higher speed of this work make it of great benefit for routine operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xuyang Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lin Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiaogang Chu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100123, China
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31
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Halo BA, Al-Yahyai RA, Al-Sadi AM. An endophytic Talaromyces omanensis enhances reproductive, physiological and anatomical characteristics of drought-stressed tomato. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 249:153163. [PMID: 32330754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a newly discovered endophytic fungus, Talaromyces omanensis, on the drought tolerance of tomato is presented in this study. The fungus was obtained from a desert plant Rhazya stricta in Oman. Drought stress was induced by a 15% solution of Polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000). Several parameters were measured including pollen sterility, pollen tube length, growth, flowering, and yield characteristics, the biochemical analysis of the leaves and fruits, as well as other physiological and anatomical parameters. The results showed that T. omanensis provided multiple advantages to tomato grown under drought stress, including improved reproductive characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, and some anatomical characteristics such as increased phloem and cortex width and a reduction of pith autolysis that leads to hollow stem. In addition, T. omanensis significantly increased drought-stress related characteristics such as shoot dry weight, root length, the number of flowers, and fruit weight. A significantly higher concentration of gibberellic acid (GA3) was found in tomato plants treated by T. omanensis, which may enhance their drought tolerance. These results suggest that T. omanensis is a potential biological anti-stress stimulator for important horticultural crops such as tomatoes. This study is the first to report the beneficial effects of T. omanensis in alleviating drought stress in tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshra A Halo
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, B.O box 34, Al-Khoud, Muscat, 123, Oman.
| | - Rashid A Al-Yahyai
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, B.O box 34, Al-Khoud, Muscat, 123, Oman.
| | - Abdullah M Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, B.O box 34, Al-Khoud, Muscat, 123, Oman.
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Sereshti H, Toloutehrani A, Nodeh HR. Determination of cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3) in bovine milk by dispersive micro-solid phase extraction based on the magnetic three-dimensional graphene-sporopollenin sorbent. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1136:121907. [PMID: 31835164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this research, a new magnetic sorbent material composed of three-dimensional graphene aerogel decorated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles attached to hollow sporopollenin exine capsules was synthesized and applied for extraction of vitamin D3 before HPLC-UV analysis. The adsorbent was characterized by FT-IR, SEM, VSM, and zeta potential techniques. The important parameters of the extraction process, including adsorbent dosage, desorption conditions, adsorption time, pH, and salt concentration, were investigated. Under the optimized condition, the method analytical figures of merit were evaluated as follows: linear dynamic range, 10-500 μg L-1; limit of detection, 3.01 μg L-1; determination coefficient (R2), 0.9960; intra-day RSD, 5.28%; and inter-day RSD, 8.17%. The applicability of the method was assessed for the determination of vitamin D3 in different unfortified and fortified bovine milk samples, and the recoveries in the 71.8-113.3% range with the RSDs within 1.4-7.0% were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sereshti
- School of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Hamid Rashidi Nodeh
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Industry, Standard Research Institute, Karaj, Iran; School of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Deng Y, Zhong G, Wang Y, Wang N, Yu Q, Yu X. Quality by design approach for the preparation of fat-soluble vitamins lipid injectable emulsion. Int J Pharm 2019; 571:118717. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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34
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Ai Y, Zhang F, Wang C, Xie R, Liang Q. Recent progress in lab-on-a-chip for pharmaceutical analysis and pharmacological/toxicological test. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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35
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Campillo N, Marín J, Viñas P, Garrido I, Fenoll J, Hernández-Córdoba M. Microwave Assisted Cloud Point Extraction for the Determination of Vitamin K Homologues in Vegetables by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6658-6664. [PMID: 31094511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) with a triple quadrupole (QqQ) is proposed for determining the vitamin K homologues, phylloquinone (PK), menaquinone-4 (MK) and menadione (MD), in vegetables. The analytes were isolated from the samples (1-1.5 g) by ultrasound assisted extraction using acetonitrile (2 mL), and the liquids were submitted to microwave assisted cloud point extraction with Triton X-45. The enrichment factors were between 20 and 50, depending on the vitamin homologue in question. The analytes were determined by LC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, providing unequivocal identification and quantification, with limits of detection of 0.8, 1.0, and 16 ng/g for MK, PK, and MD, respectively. Recovery assays for samples spiked at two concentration levels, between 40 and 600 ng/g depending on the compound, provided recoveries in the 90-114% range. Only PK was detected in the samples analyzed, at concentrations in the 90-2350 ng/g range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Campillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia , E-30100 Murcia , Spain
| | - Javier Marín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia , E-30100 Murcia , Spain
| | - Pilar Viñas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia , E-30100 Murcia , Spain
| | - Isabel Garrido
- Equipo de Calidad Alimentaria . Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA) . C/Mayor s/n. La Alberca , 30150 Murcia . Spain
| | - José Fenoll
- Equipo de Calidad Alimentaria . Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA) . C/Mayor s/n. La Alberca , 30150 Murcia . Spain
| | - Manuel Hernández-Córdoba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia , E-30100 Murcia , Spain
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36
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Pilařová V, Plachká K, Khalikova MA, Svec F, Nováková L. Recent developments in supercritical fluid chromatography – mass spectrometry: Is it a viable option for analysis of complex samples? Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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37
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Futagami S, Hara T, Ottevaere H, Terryn H, Baron GV, Desmet G, De Malsche W. Study of peak capacities generated by a porous layered radially elongated pillar array column coupled to a nano-LC system. Analyst 2019; 144:1809-1817. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01937a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The performance of a porous-layered radially elongated pillar (PLREP) array column in a commercial nano-LC system was examined by performing separation of alkylphenones and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunta Futagami
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
- Department of Applied Physics and Photonics
| | - Takeshi Hara
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
- Division of Metabolomics
| | - Heidi Ottevaere
- Department of Applied Physics and Photonics
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Herman Terryn
- Department of Materials and Chemistry
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Gino V. Baron
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Wim De Malsche
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
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38
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Recent advances in sample preparation and analysis methods for vitamin D and its analogues in different matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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39
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Haidar Ahmad IA, Chen W, Halsey HM, Klapars A, Limanto J, Pirrone GF, Nowak T, Bennett R, Hartman R, Makarov AA, Mangion I, Regalado EL. Multi-column ultra-high performance liquid chromatography screening with chaotropic agents and computer-assisted separation modeling enables process development of new drug substances. Analyst 2019; 144:2872-2880. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an02499e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Streamlined workflow for method development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenyong Chen
- Process Research and Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co
- Inc
- Rahway
| | | | - Artis Klapars
- Process Research and Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co
- Inc
- Rahway
| | - John Limanto
- Process Research and Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co
- Inc
- Rahway
| | | | - Timothy Nowak
- Process Research and Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co
- Inc
- Rahway
| | | | | | | | - Ian Mangion
- Process Research and Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co
- Inc
- Rahway
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40
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Nováková L, Sejkorová M, Smolková K, Plachká K, Švec F. The Benefits of Ultra-High-Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in Determination of Lipophilic Vitamins in Dietary Supplements. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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Li C, Jin F, Snyder SA. Recent advancements and future trends in analysis of nonylphenol ethoxylates and their degradation product nonylphenol in food and environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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42
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Peromingo B, Rodríguez M, Núñez F, Silva A, Rodríguez A. Sensitive determination of cyclopiazonic acid in dry-cured ham using a QuEChERS method and UHPLC–MS/MS. Food Chem 2018; 263:275-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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43
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Bäurer S, Guo W, Polnick S, Lämmerhofer M. Simultaneous Separation of Water- and Fat-Soluble Vitamins by Selective Comprehensive HILIC × RPLC (High-Resolution Sampling) and Active Solvent Modulation. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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44
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Le 乐 娟 J, Yuan 袁腾 飞 TF, Zhang 张 艳 Y, Wang 王少 亭 ST, Li 李 艳 Y. New LC-MS/MS method with single-step pretreatment analyzes fat-soluble vitamins in plasma and amniotic fluid. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1783-1790. [PMID: 30026263 PMCID: PMC6121937 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d087569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs), A, D, and E, are components of prenatal vitamin care. Previously, limited evidence existed to explain on a molecular level how maternal FSV supplementation affects the fetus during pregnancy. We developed a simplified LC-MS/MS method to simultaneously detect FSVs in maternal plasma (MP) and amniotic fluid (AF); we used this approach to investigate the correlation between FSV levels in these two matrices. With this method, we circumvented frequently used liquid-liquid extraction or solid-phase extraction methods and, instead, used simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile for sample preparation. This method displayed satisfactory linearity, intra- and inter-day imprecision, and accuracy. We validated the consistency with standard reference material 972a and 968f certification. In analysis of MP and AF samples from 50 pregnant women in the second trimester, concentrations of retinol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], and α-tocopherol (reflecting vitamins A, D, and E, respectively) were lower in AF than in MP. Significant positive correlations existed between MP and AF for 25(OH)D3 (r = 0.667; P < 0.001) and retinol (r = 0.393; P = 0.005), but not for α-tocopherol (r = 0.145, P > 0.05). This novel LC-MS/MS method shows prominent applicability for FSV detection and the observed correlations contribute to research on fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Le 乐 娟
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, China
| | - Teng-Fei Yuan 袁腾 飞
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang 张 艳
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Ting Wang 王少 亭
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, China.
| | - Yan Li 李 艳
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, China.
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45
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A Fast and Simple Method for Determination of Vitamin E in Infant Formula by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with HPLC-UV. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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46
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Rocco A, Donati E, Touloupakis E, Aturki Z. Miniaturized separation techniques as analytical methods to ensure quality and safety of dietary supplements. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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47
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Oberson JM, Campos-Giménez E, Rivière J, Martin F. Application of supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to the determination of fat-soluble vitamins in selected food products. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1086:118-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Micronutrient status assessment in humans: Current methods of analysis and future trends. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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49
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Rébufa C, Artaud J. Analytical Determination of Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) in Olive Oils. Comparison with Other Vegetable Oils. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Rébufa
- Aix Marseille Univ; Univ Avignon; CNRS, IRD, IMBE; BEC, F-13013 Marseille France
| | - Jacques Artaud
- Aix Marseille Univ; Univ Avignon; CNRS, IRD, IMBE; BEC, F-13013 Marseille France
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50
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Is supercritical fluid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry suitable for the quality control of vitamin D3 oily formulations? J Chromatogr A 2017; 1515:209-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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