1
|
Ali A, Nawaz H, Irfan Majeed M, Ghamkhar M. Quantitative analysis of solid dosage forms of Atenolol by Raman spectroscopy. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:619-627. [PMID: 38980706 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2377331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a Raman spectroscopy-based analytical model for quantification of solid dosage forms of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of Atenolol.Significance: For the quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical drugs, Raman Spectroscopy is a reliable and fast detection method. As part of this study, Raman Spectroscopy is explored for the quantitative analysis of different concentrations of Atenolol. METHODS Various solid-dosage forms of Atenolol were prepared by mixing API with excipients to form different solid-dosage formulations of Atenolol. Multivariate data analysis techniques, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial least square regression (PLSR) were used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis, respectively. RESULTS As the concentration of the drug increased in formulation, the peak intensities of the distinctive Raman spectral characteristics associated with the API (Atenolol) gradually increased. Raman spectral data sets were classified using PCA due to their distinctive spectral characteristics. Additionally, a prediction model was built using PLSR analysis to assess the quantitative relationship between various API (Atenolol) concentrations and spectral features. With a goodness of fit value of 0.99, the root mean square errors of calibration (RMSEC) and prediction (RMSEP) were determined to be 1.0036 and 2.83 mg, respectively. The API content in the blind/unknown Atenolol formulation was determined as well using the PLSR model. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, Raman spectroscopy may be used to quickly and accurately analyze pharmaceutical samples and for their quantitative determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Madiha Ghamkhar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu L, Teng X, Duan Y, Zhang X, Xie J, Xu M, Yin L. Influence of Light Irradiation on the Degradation of Dezocine in Injections. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:858. [PMID: 39065555 PMCID: PMC11279387 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dezocine, which is well-known as an analgesic, had about 45% share of the Chinese opioid analgesic market. Since drug products containing impurities could bring serious health consequences, it was important to control the generation of impurities and degradation products in the dezocine product. In this study, two kinds of photodegradation products (i.e., degradation product 1 and degradation product 2) in the dezocine injection were isolated using high-performance liquid chromatography. The possible structures of the photodegradation products were identified using both high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition, the possible generation mechanism showed that degradation product 1 was the oxidation product of dezocine, and degradation product 2 was the coupled dimer of dezocine. Finally, we found that the degradation rate of dezocine increased with the increase in light intensity. Moreover, the degradation of dezocine easily occurred under ultraviolet light in comparison with visible light. A deeper insight into the generation of the photodegradation products in the dezocine injection would directly contribute to the safety of drug therapy based on the dezocine injection by minimizing the degradant/impurity-related adverse effects of drug preparations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100029, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (J.X.); (M.X.)
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100029, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (J.X.); (M.X.)
| | - Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100029, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (J.X.); (M.X.)
| | - Jingxin Xie
- Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100029, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (J.X.); (M.X.)
| | - Mingzhe Xu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100029, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (J.X.); (M.X.)
| | - Lihui Yin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100029, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (J.X.); (M.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eissa MS, Kamel EB, Hegazy MA, Fayed AS. Expeditive Chromatographic Methods for Quantification of Solifenacin Succinate along with its Official Impurity as the Possible Acid Degradation Product. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 62:85-91. [PMID: 36617940 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Two selective stability-indicating procedures were adopted for the quantification of Solifenacin succinate (SOL) along with its acid degradant, in its powder form or in pharmaceutical tablet. Under stress conditions, the acid degradation pathway of SOL was investigated, its official impurity (SOL imp-A) was obtained as the possible acid degradation product, also. A densitometric technique based on the separation of SOL from SOL imp-A employing HPTLC plates prelaminated with silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase and a developing solution containing methanol:chloroform:ammonia (8:1:1, v/v/v) and UV scanning of the developed bands at 220 nm. Linear regression analysis data for the calibration plot of SOL showed perfect linear relationships throughout the range of concentration 10-60 μg/band. A reversed phase C18 analytical column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) was also used to separate the mixture at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, using acetonitrile:0.05 M phosphate buffer (70:30, v/v) as the mobile phase and phosphoric acid to set pH = 3.5. Quantification was obtained at 220 nm using peak area and linear calibration curve across a concentration range of 10-70 μg/mL. The recommended procedures were applied to the existing dosage form, and they generated satisfactory results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya S Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty οf Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Ebraam B Kamel
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty οf Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Maha A Hegazy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty οf Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Aini Street, Giza 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Fayed
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty οf Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Aini Street, Giza 11562, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El Mously DA, Mostafa NM, Hassan NY, El-Sayed GM. Development of Different Separation Techniques for Impurity Profiling of Neostigmine Methylsulfate: A Comparative Study. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:963-971. [PMID: 37032123 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Different separation techniques have been employed to resolve mixtures of multicomponent preparations over the last few decades. They could be efficiently applied for impurity profiling of active drug substances. Impurity profiling has become a critical procedure in pharmaceutical companies to comply with numerous regulatory standards. Isolation and characterization of impurities are crucial for obtaining data that proves biological safety and efficacy. In this contribution, different HPLC, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and TLC-densitometric methods were developed for the determination of neostigmine methylsulfate (NEO) along with 3-hydroxyphenyltrimethyl ammonium methylsulfate (3-HPA) and 3-dimethylaminophenol (DAP) as its impurities in the presence of citric acid. The linearity for NEO was attained in the range of 5-120 μg/mL and 10-60 μg/mL for the HPLC and CE methods, respectively. Regarding the impurities, linearity was obtained over the range of 10-30 μg/mL for 3-HPA and 5-30 μg/mL for DAP in the two proposed methods. For the TLC method, NEO and DAP were determined within the range of 1-11 μg/band, whereas 3-HPA was assayed over the range of 2-12 μg/band. The suggested methods can be securely utilized for routine analysis of the cited components in quality control laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina A El Mously
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Aini, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia M Mostafa
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Aini, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagiba Y Hassan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Aini, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada M El-Sayed
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Aini, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chandrasekar N, Sharma K, Jain S, Shinde M, Patil G, Shah RP. A critical assessment on stability behaviour of Vorinostat using LC-MS-QTOF with H/D exchange and NMR. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115687. [PMID: 37657178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Vorinostat is the first USFDA-approved HDAC inhibitor for the treatment of cutaneous t-cell lymphoma. Vorinostat was exposed to ICH-recommended hydrolytic (acid, base, and neutral), oxidative, thermal, and photolytic stress conditions to understand the degradation behaviour. A Stability indicating LC method was developed and validated for separating and identifying forced degradation products. Under different stress conditions, six degradants were identified and characterized by LC-HRMS, MS/MS, and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass studies. Vorinostat was found to be highly susceptible to the acidic and basic environment. In contrast, the drug substance was stable in the solid state under thermal and photolytic conditions whereas, it was found moderately stable when photolytic stress was provided to dissolved state of Vorinostat in acetonitrile-water. The degradants were identified as 7-amino-N-phenylheptanamide, 8-hydrazineyl-8-oxo-N-phenyloctanamide, 8-oxo-8-(phenylamino)octanoic acid, 8-oxo-8-(2-(7-oxo-7-(phenylamino)heptyl)hydrazineyl)-N-phenyloctanamide, 8,8'-(1-hydroxyhydrazine-1,2-diyl)bis(8-oxo-N-phenyloctanamide), and N1-((8-oxo-8-(phenylamino)octanoyl)oxy)-N8-phenyloctanediamide. The mechanistic explanation for the formation of each degradant in stability conditions has also been derived. The major degradants were also isolated/synthesized and characterized through 1H NMR for preparing impurity standards. Additionally, in-silico toxicity of the degradants was predicted in comparison to the drug, to identify whether any degradant has any specific type of toxicity and requires special focus to set specification limits during formulation development. The predicted toxicity indicated that the degradants have similar safety profile as that of the drug and specification can be set as per general impurity guideline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Chandrasekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Kalyani Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sonali Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Muktabai Shinde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Girish Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ravi P Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kelani KM, Hegazy MA, Hassan AM, Tantawy MA. Application of multivariate chemometrics tools for spectrophotometric determination of naphazoline HCl, pheniramine maleate and three official impurities in their eye drops. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19678. [PMID: 37952008 PMCID: PMC10640632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This work is concerned with exploiting the power of chemometrics in the assay and purity determination of naphazoline HCl (NZ) and pheniramine maleate (PN) in their combined eye drops. Partial least squares (PLS) and artificial neural network (ANN) were the chosen models for that purpose where three selected official impurities, namely; NZ impurity B and PN impurities A and B, were successfully determined. The quantitative determinations of studied components were assessed by percentage recoveries, standard errors of prediction as well as root mean square errors of prediction. The developed models were constructed in the ranges of 5.0-13.0 μg mL-1 for NZ, 10.0-60.0 μg mL-1 for PN, 1.0-5.0 μg mL-1 for NZ impurity B and 2.0-14.0 μg mL-1 for two PN impurities. The proposed models could determine NZ and PN with respective detection limits of 0.447 and 1.750 μg mL-1 for PLS, and 0.494 and 2.093 μg mL-1 for ANN. The two established models were compared favorably with official methods where no significant difference observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga M Kelani
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, El-Hadaba El-Wosta, Mokatam, 5th District, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha A Hegazy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Amal M Hassan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, El-Hadaba El-Wosta, Mokatam, 5th District, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Tantawy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October City, Giza, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marzullo L, Gotti R, Orlandini S, Slavíčková P, Jireš J, Zapadlo M, Douša M, Nekvapilová P, Řezanka P, Furlanetto S. Analytical Quality by Design-Compliant Development of a Cyclodextrin-Modified Micellar ElectroKinetic Chromatography Method for the Determination of Trimecaine and Its Impurities. Molecules 2023; 28:4747. [PMID: 37375300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2022, the International Council for Harmonisation released draft guidelines Q2(R2) and Q14, intending to specify the development and validation activities that should be carried out during the lifespan of an analytical technique addressed to assess the quality of medicinal products. In the present study, these recommendations were implemented in Capillary Electrophoresis method development for the quality control of a drug product containing trimecaine, by applying Analytical Quality by Design. According to the Analytical Target Profile, the procedure should be able to simultaneously quantify trimecaine and its four impurities, with specified analytical performances. The selected operative mode was Micellar ElectroKinetic Chromatography employing sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles supplemented with dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin, in a phosphate-borate buffer. The Knowledge Space was investigated through a screening matrix encompassing the composition of the background electrolyte and the instrumental settings. The Critical Method Attributes were identified as analysis time, efficiency, and critical resolution values. Response Surface Methodology and Monte Carlo Simulations allowed the definition of the Method Operable Design Region: 21-26 mM phosphate-borate buffer pH 9.50-9.77; 65.0 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate; 0.25-1.29% v/v n-butanol; 21-26 mM dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin; temperature, 22 °C; voltage, 23-29 kV. The method was validated and applied to ampoules drug products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marzullo
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Jakub Jireš
- Zentiva, k.s., 10237 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UCT Prague, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Pavla Nekvapilová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UCT Prague, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Řezanka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UCT Prague, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abumelha HM, Alorabi AQ, Alessa H, Alamrani NA, Alharbi A, Keshk AA, El-Metwaly NM. Novel Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Fortified Carbon Paste Electrode for the Sensitive Voltammetric Determination of Atomoxetine. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19006-19015. [PMID: 37273581 PMCID: PMC10233827 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the fabrication and full characterization of a novel atomoxetine (ATX) voltammetric carbon paste electrode (CPE) fortified with iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) is demonstrated. Modification of the carbon paste matrix with the metallic oxide nanostructure provides proper electrocatalytic activity against the oxidation of ATX molecules at the carbon paste surface, resulting in a noticeable improvement in the performance of the sensor. At the recommended pH value, ATX recorded an irreversible anodic peak at 1.17 V, following a diffusion-controlled reaction mechanism. Differential pulse voltammograms exhibited peak heights linearly correlated to the ATX content within a wide concentration range from 45 to 8680 ng mL-1, with the limit of detection reaching 11.55 ng mL-1. The electrooxidation mechanism of the ATX molecule was proposed to be the oxidation of the terminal amino group accompanied by the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The fabricated FeONPs/CPE sensors exhibited enhanced selectivity and sensitivity and therefore can be introduced for voltammetric assaying of atomoxetine-indifferent pharmaceutical and biological samples in the presence of its degradation products and metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana M. Abumelha
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Q. Alorabi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Al-Baha
University, P.O. Box 1988, Albaha 65799, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Alessa
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser A. Alamrani
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Alharbi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. Keshk
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M. El-Metwaly
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura
University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hussein OG, Abdelkawy M, Rezk MR, Ahmed DA, Rostom Y. Novel Stability-Indicating TLC-densitometric Method for Quantification of Antazoline Hydrochloride and Tetryzoline Hydrochloride; Application to pharmaceutical formulation. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
|
10
|
Bahgat EA, Hashem H, Saleh H, Kamel EB, Eissa MS. Stability-indicating HPLC-DAD and TLC-densitometry methods for the quantification of bupivacaine and meloxicam in their co-formulated mixture. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
|
11
|
Bahgat EA, Hashem H, Saleh H, Kamel EB, Eissa MS. HPLC-DAD technique for the quantification of a recently approved anti-diabetic triple combination along with two toxic official impurities: Toxicity confirmation aided by molecular docking application. BMC Chem 2023; 17:18. [PMID: 36922860 PMCID: PMC10018879 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliflozins and gliptins are two distinct groups of pharmacological drugs that reduce blood glucose levels in individuals with type II diabetes in various ways that may perform their functions harmoniously. Trijardy® tablet, which contains empagliflozin, linagliptin, and metformin, was recently approved. The scientific database does not yet have a method that is sensitive enough to quantify the aforementioned medications in the presence of metformin official toxic impurities melamine and cyanoguanidine. Molecular docking modeling was utilized in this work to further prove the toxicity of melamine. METHODS The five analytes listed before were quantified using RP-HPLC-diode array detector and a Zorbax® C8 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) with isocratic mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer, which had been treated by ?-phosphoric acid to restore a pH of 4.0 (90:10, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min and the eluted peaks were scanned at 250 nm. CONCLUSION The utilization of the simplest isocratic elution mode give the current technique a significant time-and cost-saving benefit. The current method can quantify the triple therapy agents in the presence of each other as well as with two official toxic impurities of metformin in one short analytical run.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Bahgat
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Hisham Hashem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Saleh
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Ebraam B Kamel
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
| | - Maya S Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xiao C, Zhang X, Wang W, Yang X, Sun Y, Zhang W, He S, Yang J, Lv Z, Hu C. Developing an improved UHPLC method for impurity profile analysis of ceftriaxone using analytical quality by design. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:639-647. [PMID: 36651613 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay02016e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a new reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method for comprehensively measuring impurities in ceftriaxone. The method was developed based on the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP) HPLC method, which is limited by the lack of selectivity to potential impurities and a long running time. Screening experiments showed that octylamine concentration, mobile phase pH, and organic phase ratio were critical method parameters. Further optimisation and Monte-Carlo simulations were performed to map out the design space. The selected working conditions resulted in a complete separation of the impurity profile in approximately 10 min. A multivariate approach confirmed that the method was robust, and the proportion of acetonitrile should be carefully controlled. Additionally, the developed UHPLC method could be transferred back to HPLC in a single step using a Columns Calculator, providing a new approach for the rapid and effective development of the HPLC method. Our findings could serve as a reference for developing the next version of the ChP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Dyne High-tech Pediatric Pharmaceutical R&D Institute, Beijing, 100176, China
- Shandong Dyne Marine Organism Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Weihai, 264300, China.
| | - Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Dyne High-tech Pediatric Pharmaceutical R&D Institute, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Xiuyun Yang
- Dyne High-tech Pediatric Pharmaceutical R&D Institute, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Dyne High-tech Pediatric Pharmaceutical R&D Institute, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Shandong Dyne Marine Organism Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Weihai, 264300, China.
| | - Shuwang He
- Shandong Dyne Marine Organism Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Weihai, 264300, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Shandong Dyne Marine Organism Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Weihai, 264300, China.
| | - Zhihua Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Changqin Hu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Thakkar H, Jain S, Kumar S, Bhalekar VS, Gangakhedkar S, Shah RP. Hyphenated liquid chromatography - diode array detection - charged aerosol detection - high resolution - multistage mass spectrometry with online hydrogen/deuterium exchange: One stop solution for pharmaceutical impurity profiling. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1689:463725. [PMID: 36586282 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyphenation of different analytical techniques has always been advantageous in structural characterization as it saves time, money and resources. In the pharmaceutical sector, chromatography-based impurity profiling, including identification, characterization, and quantification in drug substances or finished products, is of utmost importance to comply with quality, patient safety and regulatory requirements. These impurities are monitored using LC-UV/DAD and identified and/or characterized using HRMS and MS/MS. LC analysis usually yields the area percent purity of the targeted peak, however, this is not sufficient for pharmaceutical purposes; where the regulatory requirement is to report impurities in percent weight by weight. Unfortunately, the non-availability of impurity standards and relative response factors at an early stage of drug development, risks the product quality due to the inability of the method to differentiate percent purity, and percent weight by weight. Hence, there is a need for a distinctive way of determining the relative response factor. In the current study, a unique hyphenation has been employed by integrating LC with DAD, CAD, and HRMSn with hydrogen-deuterium exchange. The LC flow, post-DAD detection has been diverted to CAD with an inverse gradient for relative response factor determination and MS Orbitrap for exact mass, and MSn fragmentation. A separate infusion pump has been incorporated to infuse D2O on a need basis, which can perform partial hydrogen deuterium exchange for determining the number of labile hydrogens in the impurity structure. This hyphenation has been validated with four model compounds and a total of nineteen chromatographic peaks. The technique provides ample information for their qualitative analysis along with percent weight-by-weight values, which fulfils the regulatory requirements and can be used as one-stop solution for impurity profiling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Sonali Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Vijay S Bhalekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Shriya Gangakhedkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Ravi P Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Westwood S, Lippa K, Shimuzu Y, Lalerle B, Saito T, Duewer D, Dai X, Davies S, Ricci M, Baldan A, Lang B, Sarge S, Wang H, Pratt K, Josephs R, Mariassy M, Pfeifer D, Warren J, Bremser W, Ellison S, Toman B, Nelson M, Huang T, Fajgelj A, Gören A, Mackay L, Wielgosz R. Methods for the SI-traceable value assignment of the purity of organic compounds (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2020-0804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The “purity” of an organic compound typically refers, in practice, to an assignment of the mass fraction content of the primary organic component present in the material. The “purity” value of an organic primary calibrator material is the ultimate source of metrological traceability of any quantitative measurement of the content of that compound in a given matrix. The primary calibrator may consist of a Certified Reference Material (CRM) whose purity has been assigned by the CRM producer or a laboratory may choose to value-assign a material to the extent necessary for their intended application by using appropriately valid methods. This report provides an overview of the approach, performance and applicability of the principal methods used to determine organic purity including mass balance, quantitative NMR, thermal methods and direct-assay techniques. A statistical section reviews best practice for combination of data, value assignment as the upper limit values corresponding to 100 % purity are approached and how to report and propagate the standard uncertainty associated with the assigned values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Westwood
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) , Sèvres , France
| | - Katrice Lippa
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | | | - Beatrice Lalerle
- Laboratoire Nationale de Métrologie et d’Essais (LNE) , Paris , France
| | - Takeshi Saito
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - David Duewer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Xinhua Dai
- National Institute of Metrology (China) (NIM) , Beijing , China
| | - Stephen Davies
- National Measurement Institute Australia (NMIA) , North Ryde , NSW , Australia
| | | | - Annarita Baldan
- Nederlands Metrologisch Instituut (VSL) , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Brian Lang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Stefan Sarge
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Haifeng Wang
- National Institute of Metrology (China) (NIM) , Beijing , China
| | - Ken Pratt
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Ralf Josephs
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) , Sèvres , France
| | | | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung (BAM) , Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Wolfram Bremser
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung (BAM) , Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Blaza Toman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Michael Nelson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Ting Huang
- National Institute of Metrology (China) (NIM) , Beijing , China
| | - Ales Fajgelj
- International Atomic Energy Agency , Vienna , Austria
| | - Ahmet Gören
- Kimya Bölümü, Gebze Teknik Üniversitesi , Gebze , Turkey
| | - Lindsey Mackay
- National Measurement Institute Australia (NMIA) , North Ryde , NSW , Australia
| | - Robert Wielgosz
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) , Sèvres , France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Screening of Novel Antimicrobial Diastereomers of Azithromycin-Thiosemicarbazone Conjugates: A Combined LC-SPE/Cryo NMR, MS/MS and Molecular Modeling Approach. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121738. [PMID: 36551395 PMCID: PMC9774193 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A well-known class of antibacterials, 14- and 15-membered macrolides are widely prescribed to treat upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Azithromycin is a 15-membered macrolide antibiotic possessing a broad spectrum of antibacterial potency and favorable pharmacokinetics. Bacterial resistance to marketed antibiotics is growing rapidly and represents one of the major global hazards to human health. Today, there is a high need for discovery of new anti-infective agents to combat resistance. Recently discovered conjugates of azithromycin and thiosemicarbazones, the macrozones, represent one such class that exhibits promising activities against resistant pathogens. In this paper, we employed an approach which combined LC-SPE/cryo NMR, MS/MS and molecular modeling for rapid separation, identification and characterization of bioactive macrozones and their diastereomers. Multitrapping of the chromatographic peaks on SPE cartridges enabled sufficient sample quantities for structure elucidation and biological testing. Furthermore, two-dimensional NOESY NMR data and molecular dynamics simulations revealed stereogenic centers with inversion of chirality. Differences in biological activities among diastereomers were detected. These results should be considered in the process of designing new macrolide compounds with bioactivity. We have shown that this methodology can be used for a fast screening and identification of the macrolide reaction components, including stereoisomers, which can serve as a source of new antibacterials.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bouchema TSE, Annereau M, Vieillard V, Boquet R, Coelho GA, Castelli F, Solgadi A, Paul M, Yagoubi N, Secretan PH, Do B. Identification of the Major Degradation Pathways of Selumetinib. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122651. [PMID: 36559146 PMCID: PMC9787286 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Selumetinib is administered orally in capsule form and is indicated for the treatment of neurofibromatosis. To facilitate dosage adjustments, liquid preparations, such as solutions or suspensions, are to be developed. This led, first, to determine the stability profile of soluble or dispersed selumetinib and, secondly, to look for ways to stabilize the active substance. The degradation kinetics of selumetinib as a function of stress conditions were determined and compared. The degradation products were detected and identified by LC-HRMSn. In solution, selumetinib is sensitive to oxidation and degrades by photooxidation. In both cases, the side chain represented by the oxoamide group is concerned, leading to the formation of an amide derivative for the first case and an ester derivative for the second. The identification of such degradation mechanisms allowed us to study, in a targeted way, processes aiming at stabilizing the active molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxime Annereau
- Matériaux et Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Victoire Vieillard
- Department of Pharmacy, Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Raphael Boquet
- Department of Pharmacy, Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, 94000 Créteil, France
| | | | - Florence Castelli
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, CEA, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Audrey Solgadi
- Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l’Innovation Thérapeutique, Inserm, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Muriel Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, 94000 Créteil, France
- EpidermE, Université Paris Est Creteil, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Najet Yagoubi
- Matériaux et Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | | | - Bernard Do
- Matériaux et Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
- Department of Pharmacy, Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, 94000 Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sobiech M, Giebułtowicz J, Woźnica M, Jaworski I, Luliński P. Theoretical and experimental model of molecularly imprinted polymer surface microenvironment for selective stationary phase – Exemplary of S-pramipexole for potential pharmaceutical analysis. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
18
|
Orlandini S, Hancu G, Szabó ZI, Modroiu A, Papp LA, Gotti R, Furlanetto S. New Trends in the Quality Control of Enantiomeric Drugs: Quality by Design-Compliant Development of Chiral Capillary Electrophoresis Methods. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207058. [PMID: 36296650 PMCID: PMC9607418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a potent method for analyzing chiral substances and is commonly used in the enantioseparation and chiral purity control of pharmaceuticals from different matrices. The adoption of Quality by Design (QbD) concepts in analytical method development, optimization and validation is a widespread trend observed in various analytical approaches including chiral CE. The application of Analytical QbD (AQbD) leads to the development of analytical methods based on sound science combined with risk management, and to a well understood process clarifying the influence of method parameters on the analytical output. The Design of Experiments (DoE) method employing chemometric tools is an essential part of QbD-based method development, allowing for the simultaneous evaluation of experimental parameters as well as their interaction. In 2022 the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) released two draft guidelines (ICH Q14 and ICH Q2(R2)) that are intended to encourage more robust analytical procedures. The ICH Q14 guideline intends to harmonize the scientific approaches for analytical procedures’ development, while the Q2(R2) document covers the validation principles for the use of analytical procedures including the recent applications that require multivariate statistical analyses. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the new prospects for chiral CE method development applied for the enantiomeric purity control of pharmaceuticals using AQbD principles. The review also provides an overview of recent research (2012–2022) on the applicability of CE methods in chiral drug impurity profiling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriel Hancu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Zoltán-István Szabó
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry and Management, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Adriana Modroiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Lajos-Attila Papp
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Analytical quality by design-compliant retention modeling for exploring column interchangeabilities in separating ezetimibe and its related substances. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1682:463494. [PMID: 36126559 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There are several potential advantages of using experimental design-based retention modeling for chromatographic method development. Most importantly, through the model-delivered systematic understanding (Design Spaces), users can benefit from increased method consistency, flexibility and robustness that can efficiently be achieved at lesser amount of development time. As a result, modeling tools have always been great supplementary assets and welcomed by both the pharmaceutical industry and the regulatory authorities. Most recently published chapters of ICH however - Q2(R2) and Q14 (both currently drafts) - evidence a further paradigm shift, specifying the elements of model-based development strategies in the so-called "enhanced approach". The main aim of this study was to investigate the impact of stationary phase chemistries on chromatographic method performance in the application example of ezetimibe and its related substances. A commercial modeling software package (DryLab®) was used to outline three-dimensional experimental design frameworks and acquire model Design Spaces (DSs) of 9 tested columns. This was done by performing 12 input calibration experiments per column, systematically changing critical method parameters (CMPs) as variables such as the gradient time (tG), temperature (T) and the ternary composition (tC) of the mobile phase. The constructed models allowed studying retention behaviors of selected analytes within each separation systems. In the first part of our work, we performed single optimizations for all nine stationary phases with substantially different surface modifications based on their highest achievable critical resolution values. For these optimum points in silico robustness testing was performed, clearly showing a change of CMPs, depending on the column, and specified optimum setpoint. In the second part of our work, we simultaneously compared the three-dimensional virtual separation models to identify all method parameter combinations that could provide at least baseline separation (Rs, crit.>1.50). These overlapping areas between the models described a common method operational design region (MODR) where columns were considered completely interchangeable - in terms of their baseline resolving capability - regardless of their exact physicochemical properties. A final optimized, column-independent working point within the common MODR was selected for verification. Indeed, experimental chromatograms showed excellent agreement with the model; all columns in the common condition were able to yield critical resolution values higher than 2.0, only their retentivity (elution window of peaks) was found different in some cases. Our results underline that a profound understanding of the separation process is of utmost importance andthat in some cases, adequate selectivity is achievable on various stationary phases.
Collapse
|
20
|
Tantawy MA, Wahba IA, Saad SS, Ramadan NK. Two Validated Chromatographic Methods for Determination of Ciprofloxacin HCl, One of its Specified Impurities and Fluocinolone Acetonide in Newly Approved Otic Solution. J Chromatogr Sci 2022; 60:655-662. [PMID: 34545393 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two sensitive, selective and precise chromatographic methods have been established for concomitant quantification of ciprofloxacin HCl (CIP), fluocinolone acetonide (FLU) along with ciprofloxacin impurity A (CIP-imp A). The first method was thin-layer chromatography (TLC-densitometry) where separation was accomplished using TLC silica plates 60 G.F254 as a stationary phase and chloroform-methanol-33%ammonia (4.6:4.4:1, by volume) as a developing system. The obtained plates were scanned at 260 nm over concentration ranges of 1.0-40.0, 0.6-20.0 and 1.0-40.0 μg band-1 for CIP, FLU and CIP-imp A, respectively. The second method was based on high-performance liquid chromatography using a Zorbax ODS column (5 μm, 150 × 4.6 mm i.d.) where adequate separation was achieved through a mobile phase composed of phosphate buffer pH 3.6-acetonitrile (45:55, v/v) at flow rate 1.0 mL min-1 with ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. Linear regressions were obtained in the range of 1.0-40.0 μg mL-1 for CIP, 0.6-20.0 μg mL-1 for FLU and 1.0-40.0 μg mL-1 for CIP-imp A. The suggested methods were validated in compliance with the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and were successfully applied for determination of CIP and FLU in bulk powder and newly marketed otic solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Tantawy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Chemistry Department, October 6 University, 6 October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt
| | - Israa A Wahba
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science & Technology, 6th of October City, Giza, 12568, Egypt
| | - Samah S Saad
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science & Technology, 6th of October City, Giza, 12568, Egypt
| | - Nesrin K Ramadan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
An azirine solid-state photodegradant of the CCR2/CCR5 dual antagonist BMS-813160. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
22
|
Toxicity of the polymeric excipients in geriatric polypharmacy. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121901. [PMID: 35688286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Geriatric polypharmacy is already a complicated issue in pharmacotherapy as multiple biological and pharmaceutical factors are involved. Given the fact that the geriatric population, in general, takes more than five medications for multiple diseases and most likely takes several supplements, there is a hidden issue with the types and amounts of the pharmaceutical inactive ingredients (polymers in particular) as they, as well as their impurities, may build up in an ill-performing body beyond their safety levels. In this commentary, we impart on biological factors, the importance of polymers, and the types and amounts of the impurities within each polymeric excipient that can potentially lead to severe pharmacological and biological impacts. Given the complex safety and toxicity issues in polypharmacy, we may need to revisit the safety standards and regulations on the inactive materials that are widely used in geriatric medications.
Collapse
|
23
|
Adhikari S, Rustum AM. A Comprehensive Study to Identify and Characterize Major Degradation Products of Ivermectin Drug Substance Including Its Degradation Pathways using LC-HRMS and NMR. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 214:114730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
24
|
Jahani M, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Akaberi M, Rajabi O, Hadizadeh F. Recent Progresses in Analytical Perspectives of Degradation Studies and Impurity Profiling in Pharmaceutical Developments: An Updated Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1094-1115. [PMID: 35108132 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2008226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Forced degradation studies have been used to simplify analytical methodology development and achieve a deeper knowledge about the inherent stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and drug products. This provides insight into degradation species and pathways. Identification of impurities in pharmaceutical products is closely related to the selection of the most appropriate analytical methods like HPLC-UV, LC-MS/MS, LC-NMR, GC-MS, and capillary electrophoresis. Herein, recent trends in analytical perspectives during 2018-April 14, 2021, are discussed based on forced and impurity degradation profiling of pharmaceuticals. Literature review showed that several methods have been used for experimental design and analysis conditions such as matrix type, column type, mobile phase, elution modes, detection wavelengths, and therapeutic category. Thus, since these factors influence the separation and identification of the impurities and degradation products, we attempted to perform a statistical analysis for the developed methods according to the abovementioned factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Jahani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Rajabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kamel EB. Two green chromatographic methods for the quantification of tamsulosin and solifenacin along with four of their impurities. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1305-1316. [PMID: 35084111 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Modern analytical procedures often include impurity profiling to verify the potency, safety, and effectiveness of new formulations. We had to develop techniques based on green analysis since the detrimental influence of solvents and chemicals on the environment has now become a serious concern. Two selective, sensitive and green LC methods were established and fully validated for quantitation of tamsulosin hydrochloride and solifenacin succinate along with four of their official and/or related impurities namely; tamsulosin sulfonic acid, tamsulosin impurity H, solifenacin impurity A and solifenacin impurity C. The first used High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography with silica gel 60 F254 plates as the stationary phase and an elution system of ethyl acetate:butanol:glacial acetic acid (10.0:0.4:0.1, by volume) and a scanning wavelength of 225.0 nm. The second method depended on HPLC with diode array detection. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Zorbax® SB C18 (250 × 4.6 mm2 , 5 μm) column utilizing a mixture of 10.0 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 3.0, adjusted by o-phosphoric acid) and methanol, at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min in a gradient elution mode and then the separated peaks were scanned at a wavelength of 225.0 nm. To assess the greenness profile, three distinct methodologies were applied. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebraam B Kamel
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr city, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Reddy RE, Hu W, Lowry BR, Fogle JL, Malick RE, Erexson G, Westerberg JM, Carragher AL, Robinson EE, Orihuela CA, Hillier MC, Davis SR, Kruk PE, Ide ND, Mlinar L, Mulhern MM, Engstrom KM, Chaaya E, McKee LA, Manning PE, Tirino P, Joudioux R, Cornelio L. Risk Assessment of the Leachables’ Profile for Small-Molecule Pharmaceutical Drug Substances. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajarathnam E. Reddy
- Operations Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Wenbin Hu
- Operations Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Brian R. Lowry
- Operations Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jace L. Fogle
- Operations Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Robert E. Malick
- Operations Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Greg Erexson
- Preclinical Safety, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - John M. Westerberg
- Operations Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Adelia L. Carragher
- Operations Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Emily E. Robinson
- Operations Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Carlos A. Orihuela
- Operations Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Michael C. Hillier
- Operations Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Steven R. Davis
- Operations Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Paul E. Kruk
- Operations Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Nathan D. Ide
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Laurie Mlinar
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Mathew M. Mulhern
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kenneth M. Engstrom
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Elie Chaaya
- Operations Manufacturing and Engineering, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Laura A. McKee
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Patrick E. Manning
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Pasquale Tirino
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, AbbVie s.r.l., S.R. 148 Pontina Km 52 snc, Campoverde di Aprilia, Latino 04011, Italy
| | - Roberta Joudioux
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, AbbVie s.r.l., S.R. 148 Pontina Km 52 snc, Campoverde di Aprilia, Latino 04011, Italy
| | - Lisa Cornelio
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, AbbVie s.r.l., S.R. 148 Pontina Km 52 snc, Campoverde di Aprilia, Latino 04011, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rapid Structure Determination of Bioactive 4″-Tetrahydrofurfuryl Macrozone Reaction Mixture Components by LC-SPE/Cryo NMR and MS. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206316. [PMID: 34684905 PMCID: PMC8537197 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
LC-SPE/cryo NMR and MS methodologies have been developed and employed for a rapid structure determination of 4″-tetrahydrofurfuryl macrozone reaction mixture components. Macrozones, novel conjugates of azithromycin, and thiosemicarbazones have shown very good in vitro antibacterial activities against susceptible and some resistant bacterial strains and are promising agents for further development. The post-column multiple trapping of the chromatographically separated reaction mixture components on the SPE cartridges increased the sensitivity and together with cryogenically cooled NMR probe made it possible to identify and structurally characterize main 4″-tetrahydrofurfuryl macrozone reaction mixture compounds including those present at very low concentration level. This approach has several advantages over a classical off-line procedure, efficiency and low solvent consumption being the two most important ones. All identified components were process-related. It has been demonstrated that two different kinds of compounds with respect to structure were identified, i.e., macrolide-related and thiosemicarbazone-related ones. This methodology can serve as a platform for reliable and effective macrolides reaction components structure profiling, serving as both isolation and identification tools.
Collapse
|
28
|
Analytical challenges and recent advances in the identification and quantitation of extractables and leachables in pharmaceutical and medical products. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
29
|
Tanaka S, Uchiyama N, Goda T, Iida T, Horie S, Masada S, Arai R, Yamamoto E, Hakamatsuka T, Okuda H, Goda Y. A simple and rapid method to simultaneously analyze ciclesonide and its impurities in a ciclesonide metered-dose inhaler using on-line supercritical fluid extraction/supercritical fluid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 204:114253. [PMID: 34271287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A simple and rapid on-line SFE/SFC/quadrupole TOF-MS method to simultaneously analyze active pharmaceutical ingredients and impurities from metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) was developed using ciclesonide MDI (CIC-MDI) as an example. CIC-MDI, as drug Alvesco®, has been approved for the treatment of bronchial asthma, and its major impurities are listed in the European Pharmacopoeia and in the supplementary package inserts of Alvesco® (called as "Pharmaceutical interview form" in Japan). In the developed method, CIC-MDI was manually sprayed only once on a glass disc prior to the SFE/SFC/quadrupole TOF-MS. In the SFE, CIC and its impurities and other impurities having various polarities and hydrophobicity, were extracted in 3.5 min and subsequently separated on a CHIRALPAK IE-3 column to be detected by quadrupole TOF-MS in 6.5 min. This method would be applicable to the analysis of other inhalable pharmaceutical products whose sample preparation requires complicated procedures, as well as to the analysis of general pharmaceutical products for profiling impurities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Tanaka
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Nahoko Uchiyama
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Goda
- Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Iida
- Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Horie
- Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Sayaka Masada
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Ryoko Arai
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Eiichi Yamamoto
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takashi Hakamatsuka
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Okuda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Goda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
de Souza Barbosa F, Pezzi LC, Paula FR, Eller S, Schapoval EE, de Oliveira TF, Mendez AS. Stability study of doripenem antibiotic applying LC-ESI-Q-TOF method and in silico prediction: An analytical investigation focused on degradation products. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
31
|
Velozo CT, Cabral LM, Pinto EC, de Sousa VP. Lopinavir/Ritonavir: A Review of Analytical Methodologies for the Drug Substances, Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1846-1862. [PMID: 34024199 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1920364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lopinavir/ritonavir is a potent coformulation of protease inhibitors used against HIV infection. Lopinavir is the main responsible for viral load suppression, whereas ritonavir is a pharmacokinetic enhancer. Both of them have recently gained relevance as candidate drugs against severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, significant beneficial effects were not observed in randomized clinical trials. This review summarizes the main physical-chemical, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacokinetic properties of ritonavir and lopinavir, along with the analytical methodologies applied for biological matrices, pharmaceutical formulations, and stability studies. The work also aimed to provide a comprehensive impurity profile for the combined formulation. Several analytical methods in four different pharmacopeias and 37 articles in literature were evaluated and summarized. Chromatographic methods for these drugs frequently use C8 or C18 stationary phases with acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (with ultraviolet detection) or acetate buffer (with tandem mass spectrometry detection) as the mobile phase. Official compendia methods show disadvantages as extended total run time and complex mobile phases. HPLC tandem-mass spectrometry provided high sensitivity in methodologies applied for human plasma and serum samples, supporting the therapeutic drug monitoring in HIV patients. Ritonavir and lopinavir major degradation products arise in alkaline and acidic environments, respectively. Other non-chromatographic methods were also summarized. Establishing the impurity profile for the combined formulation is challenging due to a large number of impurities reported. Easier and faster analytical methods for impurity assessment are still needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Trajano Velozo
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Costa Pinto
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valéria Pereira de Sousa
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dos Santos Porto D, Bajerski L, Donadel Malesuik M, Soldateli Paim C. A Review of Characteristics, Properties, Application of Nanocarriers and Analytical Methods of Luliconazole. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1930-1937. [PMID: 34011234 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1926219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Luliconazole is an imidazole agent, used for the treatment of fungi infection, especially dermatophytes. The mechanism of action of the drug consisting in inhibits sterol 14α-demethylase which interferes with ergosterol biosynthesis. Due to low aqueous solubility and highly lipophilic, there is a need to develop drug delivery systems (nanocarriers) capable to increase the solubility, permeability, and skin retention of luliconazole, and promote a better therapeutic effect. In this context, this review presents characteristics, properties, nanocarriers, and analytical methods used for luliconazole. From the analyzed studies, the majority reports the use of RP-HPLC techniques for luliconazole determination, but also are cited spectrophotometric UV methods. The luliconazole has been qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in different matrices, such as raw material and pharmaceutical formulations, however, in this review, only one study was found with the luliconazole quantification biological matrix, demonstrating the lack of studies related to the quantification of the drug in biological matrices. The drug quantification in different matrices by analytical methods is of great importance since they assist in the control of the quality, efficacy, and safety of the medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Dos Santos Porto
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento e Controle de Qualidade; Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA - Campus Uruguaiana-RS), Uruguaiana (RS), Brasil
| | - Lisiane Bajerski
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento e Controle de Qualidade; Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA - Campus Uruguaiana-RS), Uruguaiana (RS), Brasil
| | - Marcelo Donadel Malesuik
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento e Controle de Qualidade; Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA - Campus Uruguaiana-RS), Uruguaiana (RS), Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA - Campus Uruguaiana-RS), Uruguaiana (RS), Brasil
| | - Clésio Soldateli Paim
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento e Controle de Qualidade; Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA - Campus Uruguaiana-RS), Uruguaiana (RS), Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA - Campus Uruguaiana-RS), Uruguaiana (RS), Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Development and validation of a fast HPLC method for methyldopa enantiomers using superficially porous particle based macrocyclic glycopeptide stationary phase. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Özcan S, Levent S, Can NÖ. Challenges, Progress and Promises of Impurities Annotation for LCMSIT- TOF. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916999200616125353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Analysis of pharmaceutical products, as well as their active and inactive ingredients, and
identification and characterization of potential impurities originating from raw materials and manufacturing
processes is of importance in the field, especially for further assessment of potential positive or
negative effects on the human body. In addition to expected therapeutic effects, unfortunately, some
unwanted or adverse effects were encountered in the past, resulting in dramatic cases sometimes. These
challenges have been overcome with the use of sophisticated and high-end analytical techniques today
by focusing on developing more efficient, more accurate, more accessible, and faster determination
techniques.
:
One of the powerful techniques utilized under the given aim, especially for qualitative purposes, is the
Time of Flight (TOF) based Mass Spectrometry (MS). Among the TOF-MS instruments, liquid chromatography-
mass spectrometry-ion trap-time of flight (LCMS-IT-TOF) has a unique MSn capability,
which is a versatile tool in exact mass prediction and structure elucidation. In this review, LCMS-ITTOF
has been considered taking all aspects to account for its use in qualitative impurity profiling, and
a retrospective view on previous studies was presented in an analytical manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saniye Özcan
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir,Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir,Turkey
| | - Nafiz Öncü Can
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir,Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lin Z, Ye YK, Ling M, Shackman JG, Ileka KM, Raglione TV. High-molecular weight impurity screening by size-exclusion chromatography on a reversed-phase column. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 196:113908. [PMID: 33497976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring polymerization events leading to the discovery of new high-molecular weight (MW) impurities is challenging during chemical syntheses of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Employing reversed-phase chromatography (RPC) stationary phases (SPs) in size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) mode could be a potential solution given their high efficiency, sensitivity, and extensive solvent compatibility. However, there is a lack of generalized means for trace polymeric impurities across a wide range of physicochemical properties. Herein, we developed a SEC-based approach with a C18 SP for screening such high-MW impurities. Seven polymer standards presenting a variety of functional groups, consisting of hydrophobic, heterocyclic, ionic, and neutral hydrophilic moieties, were utilized as model impurities to establish the screening conditions. Nine mobile phases (tetrahydrofuran-based, buffered methanol, and buffered acetonitrile) were proposed to cover all model polymers and a majority of potential high-MW impurities in small molecule chemical syntheses. The established screening system demonstrated a linearity of 0.05-1.0 % w/w (R2>0.99) for the selected model impurities with proper elution conditions. Two real high-MW impurities, BMT-041910 (polymeric degradation) and poly(phenyl thiirane) (by-product polymerization), were identified from the proposed high-MW impurity screening. The successful conditions yielded a quantitative limit better than 0.1 % w/w in both cases. We believe the developed screening platform is applicable to the analysis of a wide variety of unknown high-MW impurities of low abundance potentially generated during drug substance development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Lin
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Chemical Process Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
| | - Yun K Ye
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Chemical Process Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Melissa Ling
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jonathan G Shackman
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Chemical Process Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Kevin M Ileka
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Chemical Process Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Thomas V Raglione
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Chemical Process Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Řemínek R, Foret F, Chung DS. Application of capillary electrophoresis-nano-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for the determination of N-nitrosodimethylamine in pharmaceuticals. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:334-341. [PMID: 33368407 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
After a presence of highly hepatotoxic and potentially carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine was detected in certain lots of sartan, ranitidine, metformin, and other pharmaceuticals, local regulatory authorities issued recalls of suspected products, and concerns of the pharmacotherapy safety were widely discussed. Since then, testing of a representative sample of each produced lot of these pharmaceuticals is required as a part of quality control processes. Hence, an interface-free CE-nanoESI system coupled with MS detection was employed for the development of a simple and economical method for quantitative detection of this contaminant in the valsartan drug substances and finished formulations used as model matrices. In this arrangement, a fused-silica capillary was used as both a separation column and a nanoESI emitter providing high ionization efficiency and sensitivity. The optimized procedure was found to have sufficient selectivity, linearity, accuracy, and precision. The established LOD and LOQ values were 0.3 and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. The practical applicability of the method was tested by analyses of commercially available Valsacor® tablets. The results obtained prove that the developed procedure represents a promising alternative to currently available GC- and LC-based methods. Furthermore, after an adjustment of the separation conditions, the CE-nanoESI/MS system can be conceptually used for the determination of NDMA in other suspected pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Řemínek
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - František Foret
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Doo Soo Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rocha LP, Cabral LM, Pinto EC, de Sousa VP. Ezetimibe: A Review of Analytical Methods for the Drug Substance, Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:1078-1093. [PMID: 33347374 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1857222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ezetimibe (EZM) is a selective inhibitor of the sterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 in the small intestine used as an adjunctive therapy to lower cholesterol levels in cases of hyperlipidemia. The goal of this work was to summarize the main physical-chemical, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics of EZM, as well as to describe the main analytical methodologies for the quantification of the drug. Methods described in the United States Pharmacopeia for EZM raw material and tablets were also presented. The drug has a large number of process-related impurities and degradation products and needs strict quality control of its impurities. Specific chiral methods for the evaluation of its chiral impurities are also a need for EZM. The main advantages and disadvantages of the compiled analytical methods were presented, as well as the limits of detection and quantitation. The fastest and most efficient methods were highlighted. Most methods for analyzing EZM used C8 or C18 stationary phases in gradient mode with binary mobile phases containing acetonitrile and an acidic buffer solution with ultraviolet detection. For analysis of EZM in biological matrices, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is generally employed using electron spray ionization in negative ionization mode using multiple reaction monitoring. Different methods in the literature evaluate a large number of impurities for EZM, however new stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography methods for the drug are still needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Pereira Rocha
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Costa Pinto
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valeria Pereira de Sousa
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rezk MR, Abdel-Moety EM, Wadie M, Tantawy MA. Stability assessment of tamsulosin and tadalafil co-formulated in capsules by two validated chromatographic methods. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:530-538. [PMID: 33207075 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The advent of a new pharmaceutical formulation evokes the need for examining the chemical stability of their constituents and establishing proper stability-indicating methods. Herein, the stability of the newly co-formulated Tamsulosin and Tadalafil were examined under different stress conditions. The acidic degradation of Tamsulosin yielded its sulfonated derivative, while Tadalafil was susceptible to both acidic and basic degradation. Two stability-indicating chromatographic methods, namely; high-performance thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, have been developed. Significant high-performance thin-layer chromatography-fractionation could be achieved by utilizing a stationary phase of silica gel 60 F254 and a mobile phase composed of ethyl acetate/toluene/methanol/ammonia (4:2:4:0.6, by volumes) with densitometric recording at 280 nm over a concentration range of 0.5-25 μg/band for both drugs. The HPLC-separation could be reached on XBridge® C18 column isocraticaly by using a mobile phase having acetonitrile/phosphate buffer, pH 6.0 (45:55, v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 1.7 mL/min and applying diode array ultraviolet-detection at 210 nm over a linearity range of 3-70 μg/mL for each drug. Specificity of the two methods was additionally assured via peak purity assessment. Moreover, the methods were distinctly exploited for evaluating the drugs' stability in accelerated stability-studied samples of Tamplus® capsules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh R Rezk
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ezzat M Abdel-Moety
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mina Wadie
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Tantawy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Řemínek R, Foret F. Capillary electrophoretic methods for quality control analyses of pharmaceuticals: A review. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:19-37. [PMID: 32901975 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis represents a promising technique in the field of pharmaceutical analysis. The presented review provides a summary of capillary electrophoretic methods suitable for routine quality control analyses of small molecule drugs published since 2015. In total, more than 80 discussed methods are sorted into three main sections according to the applied electroseparation modes (capillary zone electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and micellar, microemulsion, and liposome-electrokinetic chromatography) and further subsections according to the applied detection techniques (UV, capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection, and mass spectrometry). Key parameters of the procedures are summarized in four concise tables. The presented applications cover analyses of active pharmaceutical ingredients and their related substances such as degradation products or enantiomeric impurities. The contribution of reported results to the current knowledge of separation science and general aspects of the practical applications of capillary electrophoretic methods are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Řemínek
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - František Foret
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wicht K, Baert M, Kajtazi A, Schipperges S, von Doehren N, Desmet G, de Villiers A, Lynen F. Pharmaceutical impurity analysis by comprehensive two-dimensional temperature responsive × reversed phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1630:461561. [PMID: 32992220 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the possibilities of temperature responsive × reversed phase liquid chromatography (TRLC × RPLC) are assessed in terms of pharmaceutical impurity analysis. Due to the increased peak capacity per unit time they offer, two-dimensional LC approaches are gaining relevance for the analysis of complex drug formulations. Because the latter depicts a larger predisposition for the occurrence of an increased number of impurities, current 1D-HPLC approaches often prove insufficient. Since many LC × LC methods are limited by modulation, solvent compatibility, orthogonality, and sensitivity issues, the combination of TRLC × RPLC is explored in this work for pharmaceutical impurity analysis. As this combination of a purely aqueous separation with RPLC allows for systematic and optimization-free refocusing in the second dimension, it opens possibilities for generic LC × LC requiring minimal to no method development, in this way overcoming a major perceived contemporary hurdle of LC × LC. The approach is demonstrated with a representative mixture of 17 solutes comprising 11 corticosteroids and 6 progestogens. Orthogonality and peak capacities were assessed on three RP core-shell column selectivities (Poroshell EC-C18, phenyl-hexyl and PFP). Although the TRLC × EC-C18 combination offered somewhat better orthogonality, the combination with the PFP column proved the best for the separation at hand. Depending on the composition of the mixture, the use of full, shifted, or segmented gradients allowed facile optimization of the separation. The developed platform allowed detection of the impurities at the 0.05% level compared to a selected main compound, while also opening up possibilities for analysis of formulations comprising two active ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Wicht
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathijs Baert
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ardiana Kajtazi
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sonja Schipperges
- Agilent Technologies, Hewlett Packard St 8, D-76337 Waldbronn, Germany
| | | | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - André de Villiers
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tantawy MA, Weshahy SA, Wadie M, Rezk MR. Stability-indicating HPTLC method for the simultaneous detection and quantification of alfuzosin hydrochloride, solifenacin succinate along with four of their official impurities. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
42
|
Du J, Chang Y, Zhang X, Hu C. Development of a method of analysis for profiling of the impurities in phenoxymethylpenicillin potassium based on the analytical quality by design concept combined with the degradation mechanism of penicillins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113309. [PMID: 32380353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accurate analysis of all of the impurities present in a substance is critical for controlling the impurity profiles of drugs. Penicillins can easily yield a formidable array of degradation-related impurities (DRIs) with significantly different polarities and charge properties, which renders identifying each one a complicated matter. In this work, phenoxymethylpenicillin potassium (Pen V) was selected to find a way to quickly establish a robust analysis method for the impurity profiling of penicillin. Based on the analytical quality by design (AQbD) concept and the degradation mechanism of the drug, structures of all of the DRIs were first proposed. Then Pen V and its detected DRIs were separated and identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS). Characteristic fragment ions and mass fragmentation process of Pen V and its detected DRIs were summarized. In addition, a quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) model was constructed to predict the retention times of undetected impurities and to evaluate whether the chromatographic system can separate them. Finally, a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed that can separate all of the DRIs of Pen V.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Du
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yizhuo Chang
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Changqin Hu
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tantawy MA, Weshahy SA, Wadie M, Rezk MR. A novel HPLC-DAD method for simultaneous determination of alfuzosin and solifenacin along with their official impurities induced via a stress stability study; investigation of their degradation kinetics. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3368-3375. [PMID: 32930224 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00822b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stability and impurity profiling are in high demand to guarantee the potency, safety and efficacy of new formulations along with their shelf-life. In this study, stability testing of alfuzosin (ALF) and solifenacin (SOL) in their newly co-formulated capsules was conducted under different stress conditions. The obtained degradation products were structurally elucidated and found to be their official impurities, namely; ALF impurity-D and SOL impurities-A, E & I. A selective and reliable stability-indicating HPLC method was developed for assaying the cited drugs along with three of those official impurities. Chromatographic separation was accomplished within 8 minutes using a XBridge® C18 column as the stationary phase and acetonitrile : phosphate buffer (pH 8) : triethylamine (60 : 40 : 0.02, by volume) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.3 mL min-1. Quantification of the analytes was performed at 210 nm using a diode array detector through which peak purity was assessed. The proposed method was validated as per ICH guidelines and it was successfully applied for the determination of the cited drugs in their combined pharmaceutical formulation with percent recoveries of 100.47 and 100.15 for ALF and SOL, respectively. Moreover, the proposed method was exploited for the assessment of the two drugs' stability in Solitral® capsules under accelerated storage conditions. The method was further extended for studying the degradation kinetics of the two drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Tantawy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, ET-11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Soheir A Weshahy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, ET-11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mina Wadie
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, ET-11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mamdouh R Rezk
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, ET-11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Finšgar M, Perva-Uzunalić A, Behr H, Ledinek N, Knez Ž, Novak Z. An Improved Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Analysis of Related Substances of Prednisolone in Active Ingredient. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7987-8000. [PMID: 32309709 PMCID: PMC7161046 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Prednisolone, an important active pharmaceutical ingredient, is a synthetic glucocorticoid used for the preparation of various pharmaceutical products with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. It is a challenge in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to separate the prednisolone peak and its structurally related substance (hydrocortisone), which only differs in a double bond at the C-1 position. Successful application of the HPLC method according to the European Pharmacopoeia monograph for related substances of prednisolone is very often limited to the chromatographic system available. This is due to the nonbaseline separation of the prednisolone and hydrocortisone peaks, which is strongly influenced by the instrument parameters and the chosen C18 column. First, an adjusted European Pharmacopoeia method for related substances of prednisolone was developed within the allowable adjustments. Next, an improved stability-indicating reversed-phase HPLC method for related substances of prednisolone was developed and validated for use in quality control laboratories for routine analysis. The optimized separation was performed on a Phenomenex Gemini C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) using a gradient mobile-phase system consisting of acetonitrile/tetrahydrofuran/water (15:10:75 v/v/v), acetonitrile/water (80:20 v/v), and ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. A baseline separation was achieved, and stability indicating capability was demonstrated by a forced degradation study. A full validation procedure was performed in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Finšgar
- Faculty of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, University of
Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Amra Perva-Uzunalić
- Faculty of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, University of
Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Heiko Behr
- Phenomenex, Ltd., Zeppelinstrasse 5, 63741 Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Nina Ledinek
- Faculty of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, University of
Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Željko Knez
- Faculty of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, University of
Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University
of Maribor, Taborska
ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Zoran Novak
- Faculty of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, University of
Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- . Phone: +386 2 2294 405
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sova M, Frlan R, Gobec S, Časar Z. Efficient and Straightforward Syntheses of Two United States Pharmacopeia Sitagliptin Impurities: 3-Desamino-2,3-dehydrositagliptin and 3-Desamino-3,4-dehydrositagliptin. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5356-5364. [PMID: 32201825 PMCID: PMC7081400 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Various organic impurities (starting materials, reagents, intermediates, degradation products, by-products, and side products) could be present in active pharmaceutical ingredients affecting their qualities, safeties, and efficacies. Herein, we present the efficient syntheses of two United States Pharmacopeia impurities of an antidiabetic drug sitagliptin, a potent and orally active dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor: 3-desamino-2,3-dehydrositagliptin and 3-desamino-3,4-dehydrositagliptin. Our three-step synthetic approach is based on the efficient cobalt-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 1-bromo-2,4,5-trifluorobenzene and methyl 4-bromocrotonate in the first step, followed by hydrolysis of corresponding ester with 3 M HCl to (E)-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)but-2-enoic acid in high overall yield, whereas the reaction with 3 M NaOH resulted in the carbon-carbon double bond regio-isomerization and hydrolysis to give the (E)-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)but-3-enoic acid in 92% yield. Both acid derivatives were converted to title compounds via the amide bond formation with 3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazine. Extensive screening of coupling/activation reagents, bases, and solvents reviled that the amide bond is formed the most efficiently using the (COCl)2/Et3N in THF or alternatively EDC/NMM/(DMAP or HOBt) in DMF obtaining the title compounds in 68-76% yields and providing the overall yields for the three-step process in the range of 57-64% on a gram scale. The presented study also demonstrates the importance of a proper selection of solvent, base, and coupling/activating reagent for amide bond formation using Michael acceptor-type allylbenzene derivatives as coupling partners to minimize the carbon-carbon double bond regio-isomerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matej Sova
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Rok Frlan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Zdenko Časar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Lek Pharmaceuticals, d.d., Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Verovškova ulica 57, Ljubljana SI-1526, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang H, Hua D, Huang C, Samal SK, Xiong R, Sauvage F, Braeckmans K, Remaut K, De Smedt SC. Materials and Technologies to Combat Counterfeiting of Pharmaceuticals: Current and Future Problem Tackling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905486. [PMID: 32009266 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The globalization of drug trade leads to the expansion of pharmaceutical counterfeiting. The immense threat of low quality drugs to millions of patients is considered to be an under-addressed global health challenge. Analytical authentication technologies are the most effective methods to identify active pharmaceutical ingredients and impurities. However, most of these analytical testing techniques are expensive and need skilled personnel. To combat counterfeiting of drugs, the package of an increasing number of drugs is being protected through advanced package labeling technologies. Though, package labeling is only effective if the drugs are not repackaged. Therefore "in-drug labeling," instead of "drug package labeling," may become powerful tools to protect drugs. This review aims to overview how advanced micro- and nanomaterials might become interesting markers for the labeling of tablets and capsules. Clearly, how well such identifiers can be integrated into "solid drugs" without compromising drug safety and efficacy remains a challenge. Also, incorporation of tags has so far only been reported for the protection of solid drug dosage forms. No doubts that in-drug labeling technologies for "liquid drugs," like injectables which contain expensive peptides, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, dermal fillers, could help to protect them from counterfeiting as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heyang Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Technology (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dawei Hua
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Technology (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chaobo Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Technology (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Sangram Keshari Samal
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine for Advanced Therapies, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Center, 751023, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ranhua Xiong
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Félix Sauvage
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Technology (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chemical Impurities: An Epistemological Riddle with Serious Side Effects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031030. [PMID: 32041209 PMCID: PMC7038150 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis is a science and an art. Rooted in laboratory or large-scale manufacture, it results in certain side products, eventually compromising the integrity of the final products. Such "impurities" occur in small amounts and, within chemistry itself, are of little concern. In pharmacy, in contrast, impurities increase the potential for toxicity, side effects, and serious implications for human health and the environment. The pharmaceutical regulatory agencies have therefore developed regulatory and strategic systems to minimize the chemical presence or biological impact of such substances. Here, pharmaceuticals are turned from impure into more defined materials as part of a complex socio-technological system revolving around and constantly evolving its specific rules and regulations. Whilst modern analytical methods indicate the presence of impurities, the interpretations of corresponding results are gated by risk management and agreed thresholds. Ironically, this allows for entities with no identified chemical structures, and hence epistemologically outside chemistry, to be regulated in pharmaceutical products. We will refer to such substances which are not, epistemologically speaking, "chemicals" as Xpurities, in order to distinguish them from recognized and identified impurities. The presence of such Xpurities is surprisingly common and constitutes a major issue in pharmaceutical research and practice. We propose a Space of Information to deal with such impurities based on values regarding the presence, chemical identities, and biological activities. It is anticipated that this may enable pharmacists to handle such Xpurities more efficiently.
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang X, Wei F, Zhao Y, Wang Q. Fine optimization of twin-column recycling chromatography with a solvent gradient for the removal of minor impurities. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
49
|
Pasquini B, Orlandini S, Furlanetto S, Gotti R, Del Bubba M, Boscaro F, Bertaccini B, Douša M, Pieraccini G. Quality by Design as a risk-based strategy in pharmaceutical analysis: Development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of nintedanib and its impurities. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1611:460615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
50
|
Liu Y, Romijn EP, Verniest G, Laukens K, De Vijlder T. Mass spectrometry-based structure elucidation of small molecule impurities and degradation products in pharmaceutical development. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|