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Yi Y, Li J, Bi X, Zhang L, Ren Y, Li L, You T. Highly active Ti 3C 2T x MXene nanoribbons@AuPt bimetallic nanozyme constructed in a "two birds with one stone" manner for colorimetric sensing of dipterex. Talanta 2024; 281:126881. [PMID: 39332043 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
The bimetallic nanoparticles have received significant attention in the field of colorimetric sensing, while the majority of the previous methods for synthesizing such nanoparticles typically require the use of reducers and involve highly harsh synthesis conditions. In this work, the AuPt bimetallic nanoparticles (AuPtNPs) decorated Ti3C2TxNR nanohybrid (Ti3C2TxNR@AuPt) was firstly synthesized in a "two birds with one stone" manner. Innovatively, during the synthesis process, Ti3C2TxNR served as both reducing agent and supporting agent to prevent aggregation of bimetallic nanoparticles. Due to the good synergistic effect of AuPtNPs and the strong metal-support interaction between AuPtNPs and Ti3C2TxNR, the as-prepared Ti3C2TxNR@AuPt exhibited boosted peroxidase (POD)-like activity. In advantage of the exceptional POD-like activity, a cost-effective and sensitive colorimetric sensing platform was fabricated for dipterex detection with a broad linearity of 1.0 ng mL-1-1.0 μg mL-1 and a low detection limit (0.479 ng mL-1). The detection of dipterex in insecticide samples also yielded favorable recoveries. Moreover, this approach provided a convenient and effective strategy to design and develop novel nanozymes via a "two birds with one stone" strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Yi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Xiaoya Bi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Libo Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; Jiangsu Province and Education Ministry Co-sponsored Synergistic Innovation Center of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Tianyan You
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
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2
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Cardenas Contreras EM, Tanis E, Lanças FM, Vargas Medina DA. Exploring a reversible adaptation of conventional HPLC for capillary-scale operation. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465021. [PMID: 38897112 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a feasible approach for utilizing a conventional High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) instrument at the capillary scale (1 - 10 µL/min). The development of an active flow splitter and an adapted UV-visible (UV-vis) detection cell are described. The system employs an Arduino Uno board to monitor a flow sensor and control a stepper motor that automates a split valve to achieve capillary-scale flow rates from a conventional pump. A capillary UV-vis cell compatible with conventional detectors, featuring an optical path length with a volume of 14 nL, was developed to address the detection challenges at this scale and minimize extra column band broadening. The system performance was assessed by a lab-packed LC capillary column with 0.25 mm x 15 cm dimensions packed with 3.0 µm C18 particles. Model compounds, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were employed to assess the functionality of all developed components in terms of theoretical plates, resolution, and band broadening. The proposed system is a profitable, reliable, and cost-effective tool for miniaturized liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elton Tanis
- Nano Separations Technologies, São Carlos, Brazil
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3
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Souza IDD, Lanças FM, Hallak JEC, Queiroz MEC. Fiber-in-tube SPME-CapLC-MS/MS method to determine Aβ peptides in cerebrospinal fluid obtained from Alzheimer's patients. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1723:464913. [PMID: 38642449 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is characterized by its high sensitivity, ability to measure very low analyte concentrations, specificity to distinguish between closely related compounds, availability to generate high-throughput methods for screening, and high multiplexing capacity. This technique has been used as a platform to analyze fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. However, more effective sample preparation procedures, preferably antibody-independent, and more automated mass spectrometry platforms with improved sensitivity, chromatographic separation, and high throughput are needed for this purpose. This short communication discusses the development of a fiber-in-tube SPME-CapLC-MS/MS method to determine Aβ peptides in cerebrospinal fluid obtained from Alzheimer's disease patients. To obtain the fiber-in-tube SPME capillary, we longitudinally packed 22 nitinol fibers coated with a zwitterionic polymeric ionic liquid into the same length of the PEEK tube. In addition, this communication compares this fiber-in-tube SPME method with the conventional HPLC scale (HPLC-MS/MS) and when directly coupled to CapESI-MS/MS without chromatographic separation, and, as a case study, discusses the benefits and challenges inherent in miniaturizing the flow scale of the sample preparation technique (fiber-in-tube SPME) to the CapLC-MS/MS system. Fiber-in-tube SPME-CapLC-MS/MS provided LLOQ ranging from 0.09 to 0.10 ng mL-1, accuracy ranging from 91 to 117 % (recovery), and reproducibility of less than 18 % (RSD). Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid samples obtained from Alzheimer's disease patients evidenced that the method is robust. At the capillary scale (10 µL min-1), this innovative method presented higher analytical sensitivity than the conventional HPLC-MS/MS scale. Although fiber-in-tube SPME directly coupled to CapESI-MS/MS offers advantages in terms of high throughput, the sample was dispersed and non-quantitatively desorbed from the capillary at low flow rate. These results highlighted that chromatographic separation is important to decrease the matrix effect and to achieve higher detectability, which is indispensable for bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Donizeti de Souza
- Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (DQ-FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernando M Lanças
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos (IQSC), Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E Cecílio Hallak
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria E Costa Queiroz
- Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (DQ-FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Hicks MB, Mattern K, Fine J, Grosser S, Patel D, Weisel L, Aggarwal P. Portable capillary LC for in-line UV monitoring and MS detection: Comparable sensitivity and much lower solvent consumption. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300300. [PMID: 37715328 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical development currently relies on quality separation methods from early discovery through to line-of-site manufacturing. There have been significant advancements made regarding the column particle packing, internal diameter, length connectivity, the understanding of the impact key parameters like void volume, flow rate, and temperature all that affects the resultant separation quality, that is, resolution, peak shape, peak width, run time, and signal-to-noise ratio. There is however a strong need to establish better alternatives to large bulky high-performance liquid chromatography racks either for process analytical reaction monitoring or mass spectrometry analysis in establishing product quality. Compact, portable high-pressure liquid chromatography can be a more efficient alternative to traditional ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography and traditional liquid chromatography. The compact versatile instrument evaluated here allows good separation control with either the on-board column with fixed ultra-violet wavelength cartridge or for use with a high-resolution mass spectrometry. Significant space reduction results in greener lab spaces with improved energy efficiency for smaller labs with lower energy demands. In addition, this compact liquid chromatography was used as a portable reaction monitoring solution to compare forced degradation kinetics and assess portable liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry capability for the analyses required for pharmaceutical drug product testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Hicks
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Keith Mattern
- Process Enabling Technologies, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jonathan Fine
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shane Grosser
- Process Enabling Technologies, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Daya Patel
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lauren Weisel
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Pankaj Aggarwal
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Massachusetts, Boston, USA
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Medina DAV, Cardoso AT, Borsatto JVB, Lanças FM. Open tubular liquid chromatography: Recent advances and future trends. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300373. [PMID: 37582640 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Nano-liquid chromatography (nanoLC) is gaining significant attention as a primary analytical technique across various scientific domains. Unlike conventional high-performance LC, nanoLC utilizes columns with inner diameters (i.ds.) usually ranging from 10 to 150 μm and operates at mobile phase flow rates between 10 and 1000 nl/min, offering improved chromatographic performance and detectability. Currently, most exploration of nanoLC has focused on particle-packed columns. Although open tubular LC (OTLC) can provide superior performance, optimized OTLC columns require very narrow i.ds. (< 10 μm) and demand challenging instrumentation. At the moment, these challenges have limited the success of OTLC. Nevertheless, remarkable progress has been made in developing and utilizing OTLC systems featuring narrow columns (< 2 μm). Additionally, significant efforts have been made to explore larger columns (10-75 μm i.d), demonstrating practical applicability in many situations. Due to their perceived advantages, interest in OTLC has resurged in the last two decades. This review provides an updated outlook on the latest developments in OTLC, focusing on instrumental challenges, achievements, and advancements in column technology. Moreover, it outlines selected applications that illustrate the potential of OTLC for performing targeted and untargeted studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyber Arley Vargas Medina
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Timoteo Cardoso
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Victor Basolli Borsatto
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Mauro Lanças
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vargas Medina DA, Maciel EVS, Pereira Dos Santos NG, Lancas FM. The overshadowed role of electron ionization-mass spectrometry in analytical biotechnology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 82:102965. [PMID: 37393696 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Target and untargeted analysis of several compounds are crucial methods in important areas such as omics sciences. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is widely used for volatile and thermally stable compounds. In this case, the electron ionization technique (EI) is preferable as it produces highly fragmented and reproducible spectra comparable to spectral libraries. However, only a fraction of target compounds is analyzable by GC without chemical derivatization. Therefore, liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with MS is the most used technique. Contrary to EI, electrospray ionization does not produce reproducible spectra. That is why researchers have been working on interfaces between LC and EI-MS to bridge the gap between those techniques. This short review will discuss advancements, applications, and perspectives on biotechnological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyber Arley Vargas Medina
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry at Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, P.O Box 780, 13566590 Sao Carlos, Brazil; Clemens Schöpf Institute, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Edvaldo Vasconcelos Soares Maciel
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry at Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, P.O Box 780, 13566590 Sao Carlos, Brazil; Clemens Schöpf Institute, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Natalia Gabrielly Pereira Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry at Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, P.O Box 780, 13566590 Sao Carlos, Brazil; Clemens Schöpf Institute, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Fernando Mauro Lancas
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry at Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, P.O Box 780, 13566590 Sao Carlos, Brazil.
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Pereira Dos Santos NG, Maciel EVS, Vargas Medina DA, Lanças FM. NanoLC-EI-MS: Perspectives in Biochemical Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11746. [PMID: 37511506 PMCID: PMC10380556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although LC-MS with atmospheric pressure ionization (API) sources is the primary technique used in modern bioanalytical studies, electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS) can provide some substantial advantages over it. EI-MS is a matrix effect-free technique that provides reproducible and comparable mass spectra, serving as a compound fingerprint for easy identification through automated comparison with spectral libraries. Leveraging EI-MS in biochemical studies can yield critical analytical benefits for targeted and untargeted analyses. However, to fully utilize EI-MS for heavy and non-volatile molecules, a new technology that enables the coupling of liquid chromatography with EI-MS is needed. Recent advancements in nanoLC have addressed the compatibility issues between LC and EI-MS, and innovative interfacing strategies such as Direct-EI, liquid electron ionization (LEI), and Cold-EI have extended the application of EI-MS beyond the determination of volatile organic molecules. This review provides an overview of the latest developments in nanoLC-EI-MS interfacing technologies, discussing their scope and limitations. Additionally, selected examples of nanoLC-EI-MS applications in the field of biochemical analysis are presented, highlighting the potential prospects and benefits that the establishment of this technique can bring to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fernando Mauro Lanças
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
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Ascandari A, Aminu S, Safdi NEH, El Allali A, Daoud R. A bibliometric analysis of the global impact of metaproteomics research. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1217727. [PMID: 37476667 PMCID: PMC10354264 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1217727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metaproteomics is a subfield in meta-omics that is used to characterize the proteome of a microbial community. Despite its importance and the plethora of publications in different research area, scientists struggle to fully comprehend its functional impact on the study of microbiomes. In this study, bibliometric analyses are used to evaluate the current state of metaproteomic research globally as well as evaluate the specific contribution of Africa to this burgeoning research area. In this study, we use bibliometric analyses to evaluate the current state of metaproteomic research globally, identify research frontiers and hotspots, and further predict future trends in metaproteomics. The specific contribution of Africa to this research area was evaluated. Methods Relevant documents from 2004 to 2022 were extracted from the Scopus database. The documents were subjected to bibliometric analyses and visualization using VOS viewer and Biblioshiny package in R. Factors such as the trends in publication, country and institutional cooperation networks, leading scientific journals, author's productivity, and keywords analyses were conducted. The African publications were ranked using Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) scores. Results A total of 1,138 documents were included and the number of publications increased drastically from 2004 to 2022 with more publications (170) reported in 2021. In terms of publishers, Frontiers in Microbiology had the highest number of total publications (62). The United States of America (USA), Germany, China, and Canada, together with other European countries were the most productive. Institution-wise, the Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung, Germany had more publications while Max Plank Institute had the highest total collaborative link strength. Jehmlich N. was the most productive author whereas Hettich RL had the highest h-index of 63. Regarding Africa, only 2.2% of the overall publications were from the continent with more publication outputs from South Africa. More than half of the publications from the continent had an FWCI score ≥ 1. Conclusion The scientific outputs of metaproteomics are rapidly evolving with developed countries leading the way. Although Africa showed prospects for future progress, this could only be accelerated by providing funding, increased collaborations, and mentorship programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbdulAziz Ascandari
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Suleiman Aminu
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Nour El Houda Safdi
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Achraf El Allali
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Rachid Daoud
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
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Zhong S, Guo Y, Gao F, Lin Q, Wang Y, Chen W, Lu W. Studies of caprolactam and cyclic oligomer content, molecular weight, and thermal properties during melt post-polycondensation of polycaprolactam in the film state. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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10
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Investigation of the applicability of silica-graphene hybrid materials as stationary phases for capillary liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mai Y, Debruille K, Edwards S, Cahoon S, Ghiasvand A, Murray E, Paull B. Portable and Field-Deployable Liquid Chromatography for Environmental Studies. LCGC EUROPE 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.eu.ux5882h7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this extended special feature to celebrate the 35th anniversary edition of LCGC Europe, leading figures from the separation science community explore contemporary trends in separation science and identify possible future developments.
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Câmara JS, Martins C, Pereira JAM, Perestrelo R, Rocha SM. Chromatographic-Based Platforms as New Avenues for Scientific Progress and Sustainability. Molecules 2022; 27:5267. [PMID: 36014506 PMCID: PMC9412595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatography was born approximately one century ago and has undergone outstanding technological improvements in innovation, research, and development since then that has made it fundamental to advances in knowledge at different levels, with a relevant impact on the well-being and health of individuals. Chromatography boosted a comprehensive and deeper understanding of the complexity and diversity of human-environment interactions and systems, how these interactions affect our life, and the several societal challenges we are currently facing, namely those related to the sustainability of our planet and the future generations. From the life sciences, which allowed us to identify endogenous metabolites relevant to disease mechanisms, to the OMICS field, nanotechnology, clinical and forensic analysis, drug discovery, environment, and "foodprint", among others, the wide range of applications of today's chromatographic techniques is impressive. This is fueled by a great variability of powerful chromatographic instruments currently available, with very high sensitivity, resolution, and identification capacity, that provide a strong basis for an analytical platform able to support the challenging demands of the postgenomic and post COVID-19 eras. Within this context, this review aims to address the great utility of chromatography in helping to cope with several societal-based challenges, such as the characterization of disease and/or physiological status, and the response to current agri-food industry challenges of food safety and sustainability, or the monitoring of environmental contamination. These are increasingly important challenges considering the climate changes, the tons of food waste produced every day, and the exponential growth of the human population. In this context, the principles governing the separation mechanisms in chromatography as well the different types and chromatographic techniques will be described. In addition, the major achievements and the most important technological advances will be also highlighted. Finally, a set of studies was selected in order to evince the importance of different chromatographic analyses to understand processes or create fundamental information in the response to current societal challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- José S. Câmara
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Cátia Martins
- Departamento de Química & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge A. M. Pereira
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sílvia M. Rocha
- Departamento de Química & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Vargas Medina DA, Pereira dos Santos NG, Maciel EVS, Lanças FM. Current prospects on nano liquid chromatography coupled to electron ionization mass spectrometry (nanoLC-EI-MS). J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2022.2110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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14
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Maciel EVS, Pereira dos Santos NG, Vargas Medina DA, Lanças FM. Electron ionization mass spectrometry: Quo vadis? Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1587-1600. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fernando Mauro Lanças
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos University of São Paulo São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
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15
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Peak broadening caused by using different micro-liquid chromatography detectors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6107-6114. [PMID: 35705858 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in column technology resulted in smaller particles and more efficient phases. In parallel, the use of columns with reduced dimensions is becoming more common. This means the effective column volume is also decreased, thereby making the systems more susceptible to effects of band broadening due to extra-column volume. Despite these trends and the fact that a growing number of miniaturized liquid chromatography systems are being offered commercially, manufacturers often stick to the modular concept with dedicated units for pumps, column oven, and detectors. This modular design results in long connection capillaries, which leads to extra-column band broadening and consequently prevents the exploitation of the intrinsic efficiency of state-of-the-art columns. In particular, band broadening post column has a considerable negative effect on efficiency. In this study, mass flow and concentration-dependent detectors were examined for their influence on band broadening using a micro-LC system. A mass spectrometric detector, an evaporative light scattering detector, two UV detectors, and a previously undescribed fluorescence detector were compared. The influence on efficiency is compared using plate height vs linear velocity data and peak variance. It is shown that an increase in the inner diameter after the post-column transfer capillary leads to significant loss in plate height. Comparing the UV detectors, it could be shown that the dispersion was reduced by 38% by the reduction of the post-column volume. The largest variance was found for the evaporative light scattering detector, which was 368% higher compared to the variance of the detector with the least effect on band broadening.
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Foster SW, Xie X, Hellmig JM, Moura‐Letts G, West WR, Lee ML, Grinias JP. Online monitoring of small volume reactions using compact liquid chromatography instrumentation. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022; 5:213-219. [PMID: 37008988 PMCID: PMC10065474 DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of analytical techniques have been employed for monitoring chemical reactions, with online instrumentation providing additional benefits compared to offline analysis. A challenge in the past for online monitoring has been placement of the monitoring instrumentation as close as possible to the reaction vessel to maximize sampling temporal resolution and preserve sample composition integrity. Furthermore, the ability to sample very small volumes from bench-scale reactions allows the use of small reaction vessels and conservation of expensive reagents. In this study, a compact capillary LC instrument was used for online monitoring of as small as 1 mL total volume of a chemical reaction mixture, with automated sampling of nL-scale volumes directly from the reaction vessel used for analysis. Analyses to demonstrate short term (~2 h) and long term (~ 50 h) reactions were conducted using tandem on-capillary ultraviolet absorbance followed by in-line MS detection or ultraviolet absorbance detection alone, respectively. For both short term and long term reactions (10 and 250 injections, respectively), sampling approaches using syringe pumps minimized the overall sample loss to ~0.2% of the total reaction volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W. Foster
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA
| | - Xiaofeng Xie
- Axcend LLC Provo Utah USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
| | - Jacob M. Hellmig
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA
| | - Gustavo Moura‐Letts
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA
| | | | - Milton L. Lee
- Axcend LLC Provo Utah USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
| | - James P. Grinias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA
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17
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Zheng P, Wu L, Raj P, Mizutani T, Szabo M, Hanson WA, Barman I. A Dual-Modal Single-Antibody Plasmonic Spectro-Immunoassay for Detection of Small Molecules. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200090. [PMID: 35373504 PMCID: PMC9302383 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules play a pivotal role in regulating physiological processes and serve as biomarkers to uncover pathological conditions and the effects of therapeutic treatments. However, it remains a significant challenge to detect small molecules given the size as compared to macromolecules. Recently, the newly emerging plasmonic immunoassays based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offer great promise to deliver extraordinary sensitivity. Nevertheless, they are limited by the intrinsic SERS intensity fluctuations associated with the SERS uncertainty principle. The single transducer that relies on the intensity change is also prone to false signals. Additionally, the prevailing sandwich immunoassay format proves less effective towards detecting small molecules. To circumvent these critical issues, a dual-modal single-antibody approach that synergizes both the intensity and shift of the peak-based immunoassay with Raman enhancement, coined as the INSPIRE assay, is developed for small molecules detection. With two independent transduction mechanisms, it allows better prediction of analyte concentration and attenuation of signal artifacts, providing a new and robust strategy for molecular analysis. With a proof-of-concept demonstration for detection of free T4 and testosterone in serum matrix, the authors envision that the INSPIRE assay could be expanded for a wide spectrum of applications in biomedical diagnosis, discovery of new biopharmaceuticals, food safety, and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Lintong Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Piyush Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Takayuki Mizutani
- Beckman Coulter Diagnostics – Immunoassay Business Unit, 1000 Lake Hazeltine Dr, Chaska, MN 55318
| | - Miklos Szabo
- Beckman Coulter Diagnostics – Immunoassay Business Unit, 1000 Lake Hazeltine Dr, Chaska, MN 55318
| | - William A. Hanson
- Beckman Coulter Diagnostics – Immunoassay Business Unit, 1000 Lake Hazeltine Dr, Chaska, MN 55318
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
- To whom the correspondence should be addressed.
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18
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Ferguson P, Hicks M. The state-of-the-art and future perspectives for SFC. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-88487-7.00013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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19
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Mass spectrometry based metabolomics of volume-restricted in-vivo brain samples: Actual status and the way forward. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Hemida M, Ghiasvand A, Gupta V, Coates LJ, Gooley AA, Wirth HJ, Haddad PR, Paull B. Small-Footprint, Field-Deployable LC/MS System for On-Site Analysis of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Soil. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12032-12040. [PMID: 34436859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging environmental pollutants of global concern. For rapid field site evaluation, there are very few sensitive, field-deployable analytical techniques. In this work, a portable lightweight capillary liquid chromatography (capLC) system was coupled with a small footprint portable mass spectrometer and configured for field-based applications. Further, an at-site ultrasound-assisted extraction (pUAE) methodology was developed and applied with a portable capLC/mass spectrometry (MS) system for on-site analysis of PFASs in real soil samples. The influential variables on the integration of capLC with MS and on the resolution and signal intensity of the capLC/MS setup were investigated. The important parameters affecting the efficiency of the pUAE method were also studied and optimized using the response surface methodology based on a central composite design. The mean recovery for 11 PFASs ranged between 70 and 110%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 3 to 12%. In-field method sensitivity for 12 PFASs ranged from 0.6 to 0.1 ng/g, with wide dynamic ranges (1-600 ng/g) and excellent linearities (R2 > 0.991). The in-field portable system was benchmarked against a commercial lab-based LC-tandem MS (MS/MS) system for the analysis of PFASs in real soil samples, with the results showing good agreement. When deployed to a field site, 12 PFASs were detected and identified in real soil samples at concentrations ranging from 8.1 ng/g (for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid) to 2935.0 ng/g (perfluorohexanesulfonic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hemida
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.,Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Alireza Ghiasvand
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Vipul Gupta
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Lewellwyn J Coates
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.,Trajan Scientific and Medical, 7 Argent Place, Ringwood, Victoria 3134, Australia
| | - Andrew A Gooley
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.,Trajan Scientific and Medical, 7 Argent Place, Ringwood, Victoria 3134, Australia
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wirth
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.,Trajan Scientific and Medical, 7 Argent Place, Ringwood, Victoria 3134, Australia
| | - Paul R Haddad
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.,Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.,Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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21
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Ramadan Q, Fardous RS, Hazaymeh R, Alshmmari S, Zourob M. Pharmacokinetics-On-a-Chip: In Vitro Microphysiological Models for Emulating of Drugs ADME. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2100775. [PMID: 34323392 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite many ongoing efforts across the full spectrum of pharmaceutical and biotech industries, drug development is still a costly undertaking that involves a high risk of failure during clinical trials. Animal models played vital roles in understanding the mechanism of human diseases. However, the use of these models has been a subject of heated debate, particularly due to ethical matters and the inevitable pathophysiological differences between animals and humans. Current in vitro models lack the sufficient functionality and predictivity of human pharmacokinetics and toxicity, therefore, are not capable to fully replace animal models. The recent development of micro-physiological systems has shown great potential as indispensable tools for recapitulating key physiological parameters of humans and providing in vitro methods for predicting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in humans. Integration of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) processes within one close in vitro system is a paramount development that would meet important unmet pharmaceutical industry needs. In this review paper, synthesis of the ADME-centered organ-on-a-chip technology is systemically presented from what is achieved to what needs to be done, emphasizing the requirements of in vitro models that meet industrial needs in terms of the structure and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasem Ramadan
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Roa Saleem Fardous
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Rana Hazaymeh
- Almaarefa University, Riyadh, 13713, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshmmari
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, 13513-7148, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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22
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Reinholds I, Jansons M, Fedorenko D, Pugajeva I, Zute S, Bartkiene E, Bartkevics V. Mycotoxins in cereals and pulses harvested in Latvia by nanoLC-Orbitrap MS. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2021; 14:115-123. [PMID: 33648416 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2021.1892204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-seven mycotoxins in unprocessed cereals (n = 110) and pulses (n = 23) harvested in Latvia were analysed by nanoflow liquid chromatography combined with Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. One or more mycotoxins were found in 99% of the cereals and 78% of the pulses. Deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and T-2 and HT-2 toxins were prevalent in 9 to 86% of the cereals, mostly below their maximum levels as set by the European regulations. Non-regulated type A and B trichothecenes were prevalent in 5 to 87% of the cereals, at concentrations of 0.27-83 µg kg-1 and 1.7-4,781 µg kg-1, respectively. Quantification of emerging mycotoxins was also provided. Enniatins were detected in 94% of the cereals (3.5-2,073 µg kg-1) and 13% of the pulses (4.4-17 µg kg-1). Alternaria toxins were prevalent in 94% of the cereals at concentrations of 0.72-307 µg kg-1 and in 39% of the pulses at 0.69-10 µg kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingars Reinholds
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Martins Jansons
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Deniss Fedorenko
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Iveta Pugajeva
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Riga, Latvia
| | - Sanita Zute
- Stende Research Centre, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics (AREI), Riga, Latvia
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vadims Bartkevics
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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23
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Luo C, DeStefano JJ, Langlois TJ, Boyes BE, Schuster SA, Godinho JM. Fundamental to achieving fast separations with high efficiency: A review of chromatography with superficially porous particles. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5087. [PMID: 33566360 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Types of particles have been fundamental to LC separation technology for many years. Originally, LC columns were packed with large-diameter (>100 μm) calcium carbonate, silica gel, or alumina particles that prohibited fast mobile-phase speeds because of the slow diffusion of sample molecules inside deep pores. During the birth of HPLC in the 1960s, superficially porous particles (SPP, ≥30 μm) were developed as the first high-speed stationary-phase support structures commercialized, which permitted faster mobile-phase flowrates due to the fast movement of sample molecules in/out of the thin shells. These initial SPPs were displaced by smaller totally porous particles (TPP) in the mid-1970s. But SPP history repeated when UHPLC emerged in the 2000s. Stationary-phase support structures made from sub-3-μm SPPs were introduced to chromatographers in 2006. The initial purpose of this modern SPP was to enable chromatographers to achieve fast separations with high efficiency using conventional HPLCs. Later, the introduction of sub-2-μm SPPs with UHPLC instruments pushed the separation speed and efficiency to a very fast zone. This review aims at providing readers a comprehensive and up-to-date view on the advantages of SPP materials over TPPs historically and theoretically from the material science angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuping Luo
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | | | | | - Barry E Boyes
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
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24
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Werres T, Schmidt TC, Teutenberg T. The influence of injection volume on efficiency of microbore liquid chromatography columns for gradient and isocratic elution. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461965. [PMID: 33611125 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The injection volume and the associated column volume overload is one of the most common issues in miniaturized chromatography. The injection volume should not exceed 10% of the effective column volume. A further reduction of the injection volume leads to an increase in chromatographic efficiency. However, the signal intensity must be above a certain threshold to generate a chromatographic peak that can be detected. Therefore, the injection volume has to be optimized to reach the ideal balance between chromatographic efficiency and sensitivity. This study examined the general influence of the injection volume for both isocratic and gradient elution, depending on the retention factor and peak standard deviation. For this purpose, substances of different polarity were selected to represent a broad elution spectrum. Besides the model analyte naphthalene, these were mainly pharmaceuticals. For all measurements a microbore column with an ID of 300 µm and packed with 1.9 μm fully porous particles was used. For isocratic elution, the injection volume was varied between 4 and 16% of the effective column volume. The retention factors were adjusted between 2 and 10. For gradient elution, the injection volume was varied between 4 and 160% of the effective column volume. The observed effects were further investigated using the gradient kinetic plot theory. In isocratic elution, a loss in plate height up to 50% was observed for components that elute near the void time. A significant reduction of the chromatographic efficiency was noticed up to a retention factor of 4. In gradient elution, a reduction in peak capacity could only be observed if the injection volume exceeded 40% of the effective column volume. For some substances, only a slight loss in peak capacity was noticed even with a volume overload of 160%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Werres
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V., IUTA (Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Teutenberg
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V., IUTA (Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany.
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25
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Current role of modern chromatography and mass spectrometry in the analysis of mycotoxins in food. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Multidimensional capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of multiclass pesticides in "sugarcane spirits" (cachaças). Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7789-7797. [PMID: 32929570 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cachaça or "sugarcane spirit" is a Brazilian beverage considered the third most consumed beverage worldwide. Sugarcane, its raw material, is one of the main crops developed in the country, placing Brazil as the largest producer of this commodity on a global scale. Considering the growth in sugarcane production, many farmers use pesticides in their crops. However, excess pesticides can be accumulated in products derived from sugarcane, creating an environmental and public health concern. In this context, the development of analytical methods capable of identifying residues of pesticides in cachaças and other sugarcane-derived products is essential to ensure the beverage's quality. This work presents a method to quantify multiclass pesticides in Brazilian sugarcane spirits (cachaças) through an automated multidimensional system. The first dimension consists of an extraction column packed with a graphene-silica phase, followed by a capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system as the second dimension. The method was optimized by an experimental design, in which the influence of three variables was evaluated on the extraction process: percentage of acetonitrile, loading flow, and loading time. Afterward, twenty-two cachaças were analyzed to ascertain the applicability of the proposed method. The analyses reported five samples containing clomazone (a type of herbicide widely used in sugarcane production). The method showed good linearity under optimized conditions, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.981, and limits of detection and quantification of 5 μg L-1 and 10 μg L-1, respectively. The herein discussed results suggest that the proposed method could be a practical option for identifying pesticides in beverages. Graphical Abstract.
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