1
|
Aguinaga Martínez MV, Peralta FT, Domini CE, Acebal CC. Preparation of a sustainable magnetic sorbent for the extraction and preconcentration of progestogens in natural water samples. Talanta 2024; 276:126189. [PMID: 38718645 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
A film composed of agarose and graphene (G) and magnetic nanoparticles (G-MNPs) is proposed as a sorbent for the extraction and determination of medroxyprogesterone (MED), levonorgestrel (LEV), norethisterone (NOR) and progesterone (PRO) in natural water samples. Both the preparation of the film and the extraction procedure were optimized. The optimal extraction parameters were as follows: isopropyl alcohol as activation solvent, sample pH value of 3.0, extraction time of 30 min, 1.00 mL of acetonitrile as eluent, elution time of 5 min and sample volume of 100.00 mL. HPLC with photodiode array detector was used for the separation and determination. The method presented a linear range between 2.50 and 75.0 μg L-1 for all analytes, and the LODs were between 1.40 and 1.80 μg L-1. The method was applied to natural water samples, obtaining satisfactory recovery values (75-111 %). In conclusion, for the immobilization of the G-MNPs, agarose was used, which is a non-toxic, renewable and biodegradable material. The G-MNPs-agarose film was reused up to 70 times, without losing its extraction capacity significantly and presenting excellent sorbent properties, which allow the extraction and preconcentration of the progestogens under study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maite V Aguinaga Martínez
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Av. Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Fernando T Peralta
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Av. Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Claudia E Domini
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Av. Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Carolina C Acebal
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Av. Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bai H, Teng G, Zhang C, Yang J, Yang W, Tian F. Magnetic materials as adsorbents for the pre-concentration and separation of active ingredients from herbal medicine. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400274. [PMID: 39073301 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Herbal medicine (HM) is crucial in disease management and contains complex compounds with few active pharmacological ingredients, presenting challenges in quality control of raw materials and formulations. Effective separation, identification, and analysis of active components are vital for HM efficacy. Traditional methods like liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction are time-consuming and environmentally concerning, with limitations such as sorbent issues, pressure, and clogging. Magnetic solid-phase extraction uses magnetic sorbents for targeted analyte separation and enrichment, offering rapid, pressure-free separation. However, inorganic magnetic particles' aggregation and oxidation, as well as lack of selectivity, have led to the use of various coatings and modifications to enhance specificity and selectivity for complex herbal samples. This review delves into magnetic composites in HM pretreatment, specifically focusing on encapsulated or modified magnetic nanoparticles and materials like silica, ionic liquids, graphene family derivatives, carbon nanotubes, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and molecularly imprinted polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hezhao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Fei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Q, Zhou K, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen W, Tang S. Exploring the potential applications of amphiphilic carbon dots based nanocomposite hydrogel in liquid chromatographic separations. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1299:342445. [PMID: 38499423 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their excellent stability, low toxicity, flexible modification and adjustable functionality, carbon dots (CDs) have a promising application prospect in the field of chromatographic stationary phases. Hydrogels are new functional polymer materials with three-dimensional network structure that have excellent hydrophilicity, high porosity and unique mechanical properties, which are also good candidate materials for liquid chromatography. Nevertheless, a review of the literature reveals that CDs based nanocomposite hydrogels have not yet been reported as HPLC stationary phases. RESULTS In this work, amphiphilic CDs with multiple functional groups and polyacrylic acid hydrogel were grafted to the surface of silica gel by an in-situ polymerization method, and a CDs/polyacrylic acid nanocomposite hydrogel stationary phase (CDs/hydrogel@SiO2) was prepared. CDs act as the macroscopic cross-linking agents to form a cross-linked network with polyacrylic acid chains through physical cross-linking by hydrogen bonding and chemical cross-linking by amidation and esterification reactions, which not only improve the swelling property of the hydrogel but also increase its stability. Additionally, the introduction of CDs with multifunctional groups modulates the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the hydrogel that also imparts good hydrophobicity to the composite hydrogel. Through the study of retention mechanism and influencing factors, it is certificate that the CDs/hydrogel@SiO2 has mixed-mode chromatographic performance. Furthermore, the CDs/hydrogel@SiO2 column shows great potential for the determination of organic contaminants in environmental water samples. SIGNIFICANCE This work confirms the potential application of CDs/hydrogel composite for the separation of various samples and provides the possibility of developing CDs based nanocomposite hydrogel in the field of liquid chromatography. Introducing CDs into hydrogel can open up a new way for nanocomposite hydrogels to be used in HPLC, which expands the advance of hydrogel and CDs in separation field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Kunming Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yanjuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuefei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luong TT, Nguyen THT, Nguyen TD, Le VT, Pham THT, Ho TT, Nguyen NL. Degradation of Triazole Fungicides by Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria from Contaminated Agricultural Soil. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:56-64. [PMID: 37940179 PMCID: PMC10840487 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2308.08037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The widespread application of triazole fungicides (TFs) in agricultural practices can result in the considerable accumulation of active compound residues in the soil and a subsequent negative impact on the soil microbiota and crop health. In this study, we isolated three TF-degrading bacterial strains from contaminated agricultural soils and identified them as Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Citrobacter sp. based on analysis of morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequences. The strains used three common TFs, namely hexaconazole, difenoconazole, and propiconazole, as their only sources of carbon and energy for growth in a liquid mineral salt medium, with high concentrations (~ 500 mg/l) of each TF. In addition to the ability to degrade fungicides, the isolates also exhibited plant growth-promoting characteristics, such as nitrogen fixation, indole acetic acid production, phosphate dissolution, and cellulose degradation. The synergistic combination of three bacterial isolates significantly improved plant growth and development with an increased survival rate (57%), and achieved TF degradation ranging from 85.83 to 96.59% at a concentration of approximately 50 mg/kg of each TF within 45 days in the soil-plant system. Based on these findings, the three strains and their microbial consortium show promise for application in biofertilizers, to improve soil health and facilitate optimal plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Tham Luong
- Da Lat Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc, Da Lat 66106, Lam Dong, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hong Tham Nguyen
- Da Lat Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc, Da Lat 66106, Lam Dong, Vietnam
| | - Tien Dat Nguyen
- Da Lat Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc, Da Lat 66106, Lam Dong, Vietnam
| | - Van Toan Le
- Da Lat Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc, Da Lat 66106, Lam Dong, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hong Trang Pham
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Biotechnology Department, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Tam Ho
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Biotechnology Department, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc-Loi Nguyen
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstancow Warszawy 55, Sopot 81-712, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu C, Xie T, Liu S, Bai L. Fabrication of a biochar-doped monolithic adsorbent and its application for the extraction and determination of coumarins from Angelicae Pubescentis Radix. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1714:464564. [PMID: 38071875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A monolithic adsorbent was designed aiming to the structure of osthole and columbianadin, and fabricated using diallyl phthalate as the monomer and ethylene dimethacrylate as the crosslinker with the addition of bamboo biochar, via polymerization reaction in a stainless-steel tube. The prepared composite adsorbent packed in the tube was used as a solid-phase extraction column for the extraction and determination of two coumarins (osthole and columbianadin) in Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, combing with a C18 analytical column through an HPLC instrument, which show excellent matrix-removal ability and good selectivity to osthole and columbianadin. Furthermore, the present adsorbent shows good applicability, which was used for the extraction of osthole from Duhuo Jisheng Pill. Compared to the commercial C18 and phenyl adsorbent, the present adsorbent own better selectivity and higher resolution. These results attributed to the enhanced specific surface area (141 m2/g) and enriched interaction sites of the resulting composite adsorbent, due to the doping of bamboo biochar, which can produce hydrogen bond, dipole-dipole, π-π and hydrophobic force interactions with the osthole and columbianadin. The methodology validation indicated that the present method showed good precision and good accuracy, and the composite adsorbent showed good preparative repeatability, which can be reused for no less than 100 times with the relative standard deviation ≤4.6 % (n = 100). The present work provided a simple and efficient method for the extraction and determination osthole and columbianadin from Angelicae Pubescentis Radix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Tiantian Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Sihan Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Ligai Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou W, Hu K, Wang Y, Jiang RW, Pawliszyn J. Embedding Mixed Sorbents in Binder: Solid-Phase Microextraction Coating with Wide Extraction Coverage and Its Application in Environmental Water Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:771-779. [PMID: 38127806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a simple and highly effective sample-preparation technique for water analysis. However, the extraction coverage of a given SPME device with a specific coating can be an issue when analyzing multiple environmental contaminants. Therefore, instead of synthesizing one sorbent material with dual or multiple functions, we investigated a new strategy of preparing SPME blades using a homogeneous slurry made by mixing three different sorbent particles─namely, hydrophobic/lipophilic balanced (HLB), HLB-weak cationic exchange (HLB-WCX), and HLB-weak anionic exchange (HLB-WAX)─with a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) binder. The developed coating is matrix compatible, as the binder functions not only as a glue for immobilizing the sorbent particles but also as a porous filter, which only allows small molecules to enter the pores and interact with the particles, thus avoiding contamination from large elements. The results confirmed that the proposed mixed-coating SPME device provides good extraction performance for polar and nonpolar as well as positively and negatively charged compounds. Based on this device, three comprehensive analytical methodologies─high-throughput SPME-LC-MS/MS (for the quantitative analysis of targeted drugs of abuse and artificial sweeteners), in-bottle SPME-LC-high resolution MS (HRMS) (for the untargeted screening of organic contaminants), and on-site drone sampling SPME-LC-HRMS (for on-site sampling and untargeted screening)─were developed for use in environmental water analysis. The resultant data confirm that the proposed strategies enable comprehensive water quality assessment by using a single SPME device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yuanpeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Runshan Will Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lhotská I, Háková M, Erben J, Chvojka J, Švec F, Šatínský D. Stirred discs from polycaprolactone nanofibers highly doped with graphene for straightforward preconcentration of pollutants in environmental waters. Talanta 2024; 266:124975. [PMID: 37487271 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel sorbent for solid phase extraction (SPE) based on hybrid nanofibrous polycaprolactone containing graphene nanoparticles has been prepared. The preparation of hybrid polymer nanofibers with a very high 1:1 polymer/graphene ratio was achieved for the first time using alternating current electrospinning. The final appearance of these nanofibers was a thick porous layer that was cut into the shape of easy-to-handle extraction discs. Based on the preliminary study in which the graphene content varied, 30% graphene-doped nanofibers (w/w) exhibited the highest recoveries and enabled a significant increase in the retention of analytes, 2-25 times in comparison to PCL. The incorporation of graphene resulted in a higher surface area of 12 g/m2 compared to 2 g/m2 determined for the native polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers. This unique material was applied for a simple stirred disc sorptive extraction and preconcentration of trace levels of emerging organic environmental contaminants, bisphenols A, AF, AP, C, S, Z, 3-chlorophenol, and pesticides fenoxycarb, deltamethrin, and kadethrin from surface waters prior to HPLC-DAD determination. This was accomplished by stirring the unsupported nanofiber disc in a large-volume sample with RSD of five extractions of 3-15%. Recoveries yielded 87-120%, except 52% for bisphenol S due to its high polarity. Optimization of the extraction procedure included conditioning, sample volume, extraction time, and elution solvent. Our novel desorption procedure carried out in a vial used for the direct injection into the HPLC system significantly reduced sample handling and minimized potential human error.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Lhotská
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ak. Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Háková
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ak. Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Erben
- Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Department of Nonwovens and Nanofibrous Materials, Studentská 2, 461 17, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Chvojka
- Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Department of Nonwovens and Nanofibrous Materials, Studentská 2, 461 17, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - František Švec
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ak. Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Šatínský
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ak. Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang J, Li M, Liu X, Liao Y, Zhao H, Chen J, Dai X, Simal-Gandara J, Kong Z, Zhang M. Magnetic functionalized graphene oxide combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography for trace detection of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides in food. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300108. [PMID: 37582657 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an efficient, sensitive, and convenient magnetic solid-phase extraction method combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MSPE-UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of 19 succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide residues in six different food matrices The synthesized tetraethylenepentamine magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite showed the advantages of good dispersibility, large specific surface area (113.93 m2 /g) and large pore volume (0.25 cm3 /g), making it an ideal succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor pretreatment adsorbent. The MSPE-UHPLC-MS/MS method showed linearity in the range of 5.0-800.0 μg/kg, with a correlation coefficient (R2 ) > 0.99, and a limit of quantification of 5 μg/kg. The recovery of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides was in the range of 71.2%-119.4%. The MSPE method is simple, rapid, and efficient, making it an ideal alternative to sample pretreatment in the determination of trace succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides in complex matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Yang
- College Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jieyin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Zhiqiang Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Minwei Zhang
- College Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Borsatto JVB, Maciel EVS, Cifuentes A, Lanças FM. Applicability and Limitations of a Capillary-LC Column-Switching System Using Hybrid Graphene-Based Stationary Phases. Molecules 2023; 28:4999. [PMID: 37446660 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide sheets fixed over silica particles (SiGO) and their modification functionalized with C18 and endcapped (SiGO-C18ec) have been reported as sorbents for extraction and analytical columns in LC. In this study, a SiGO column was selected as the extraction column and a SiGO-C18ec as the analytical column to study the applicability and limitations of a column-switching system composed exclusively of columns packed with graphene-based sorbents. Pyriproxyfen and abamectin B1a were selected as the analytes, and orange-flavored carbonated soft drinks as the matrix. The proposed system could be successfully applied to the pyriproxyfen analysis in a concentration range between 0.5 to 25 µg/mL presenting a linearity of R2 = 0.9931 and an intra-day and inter-day accuracy of 82.2-111.4% (RSD < 13.3%) and 95.5-99.8% (RSD < 12.7%), respectively. Furthermore, the matrix composition affected the area observed for the pyriproxyfen: the higher the concentration of orange juice in the soft drink, the higher the pyriproxyfen the signal observed. Additionally, the SiGO extraction column presented a life use of 120 injections for this matrix. In contrast, the proposed system could not apply to the analysis of abamectin B1a, and the SiGO-C18ec analytical column presented significant tailing compared to a similar approach with a C18 analytical column.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Basolli Borsatto
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry at Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, P.O. Box 780, Sao Carlos 13566590, Brazil
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Edvaldo Vasconcelos Soares Maciel
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry at Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, P.O. Box 780, Sao Carlos 13566590, Brazil
- Clemens Schöpf Institute, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Mauro Lanças
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry at Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, P.O. Box 780, Sao Carlos 13566590, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gao J, Li X, Fu R, Li Y. Mechanism analysis and improved molecular modification: Design of high efficiency and environmentally friendly triazole fungicide substitutes. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139150. [PMID: 37290508 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of triazole fungicides (TFs) on the soil and the environmental damage caused by their residues have attracted the attention of the international community. To effectively prevent and control the above problems, this paper designed 72 substitutes of TFs with significantly better molecular functionality (>40%) using Paclobutrazol (PBZ) as the template molecule. Then, the comprehensive scores for environmental effects calculated after normalization by "extreme value method-entropy weight method-weighted average method" was the dependent variable, the structural parameters of TFs molecules was the independent variable (PBZ-214 was the template molecule) to construct the 3D-QSAR model of integrated environmental effects of TFs with high degradability, low bioenrichment, low endocrine disruption effects, and low hepatotoxicity and designed 46 substitutes of TFs with significantly better comprehensive environmental effects (>20%). After confirming the above effects of TFs and assessing human health risk and the universality of biodegradation and endocrine disruption, we screened PBZ-319-175 as the eco-friendly substitute of TF, which had high efficiency (improved functionality) and better environmental effects than those of the target molecule by 51.63% and 36.09%, respectively. Finally, the results of the molecular docking analysis showed that non-bonding interactions (hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, or polar force) predominantly affected the association between PBZ-319-175 and its biodegradable protein, and the hydrophobic effect of the amino acids distributed around PBZ-319-175 played a significant role. Additionally, we determined the microbial degradation path of PBZ-319-175 and found that the steric hindrance of the substituent group after molecular modification promoted its biodegradability. In this study, we enhanced molecular functionality twice and also reduce the major damage of TFs to the environment by performing iterative modifications. This paper provided theoretical support for the development and application of high-performance, eco-friendly substitutes of TFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Xinao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Rui Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yu Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gao S, Sun L, Zhou X, Zhu S, Liu H, Zhao XE. Simultaneous and dynamic measurement of Schisandrol A changes in rat blood and brain and its comparative pharmacokinetic study in control and Parkinson's disease rats by dual-probe in vivo microdialysis. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1695:463950. [PMID: 37003077 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Schisandrol A (SchA) is the main active ingredient of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., which is a famous traditional Chinese herbal medicine. SchA can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and has a significant neuroprotective effect. A group of multiplexed stable isotope mass tags (MSIMTs, m/z 332, 338, 346, 349, 351, 354, 360, 363, 374 and 377) were synthesized to perform multiplexed stable isotope labeling derivatization (MSILD) of SchA in rat microdialysates and standards. A new magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared using MSIMT-375-SchA as dummy template. All the 10-plexed derivatives of MSIMTs-SchA can be efficiently and selectively enriched and purified using this adsorbent by magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction (MDSPE) before ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis. It should be pointed out that the MSIMT-346-SchA standard derivative was used as internal standard in the process of MDSPE and UHPLC-MS/MS. On these bases, 9 different rat microdialysate samples can be determined by UHPLC-MS/MS in a single run. The utilization of MSIMTs significantly increased the sensitivity, accuracy, selectivity and analysis throughput. Under the optimized conditions, satisfactory linearity (R2> 0.987), limit of detection (LODs, 0.15-0.26 pg/mL) and lower limit of quantitative (LLOQ, 0.8-2.0 pg/mL) were obtained. Intra- and inter-day precisions were in the range of 2.2% -12.5%, and recoveries 94.2% -106.2%. The matrix effects were very low, and the average derivatization efficiency of 10-plex MSIMTs to SchA was as high as 97.8%. Using the developed dual-probe in vivo microdialysis sampling technique, the proposed analytical method has been applied for comparative pharmacokinetics of SchA in the brain and blood of control and Parkinson's disease (PD) rats.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen H, Wu J, Xiong Q, Li X, Huang X. Efficient capture of fluoroquinolones in urine and milk samples with multi-monolith fibers solid phase microextraction based on hybrid metal-organic framework/monolith material. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
|
13
|
Khan M, Muhammad M, AlOthman ZA, Cheong WJ, Ali F. Synthesis of monolith silica anchored graphene oxide composite with enhanced adsorption capacities for carbofuran and imidacloprid. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21027. [PMID: 36471158 PMCID: PMC9722712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly efficient adsorbent was prepared for the removal of carbofuran and imidacloprid pesticides from wastewater. The silica monolith anchored graphene oxide composite was synthesized by the modified Fischer esterification protocol. The composite showed improved adsorption capacity for the removal of pesticides from wastewater. Graphene oxide was synthesized using the modified Hummer's method, while the silica monolith was prepared via sol-gel method. The composite was characterized via X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red, Brunauer Emmett and Teller (BET/BJH) analysis, zeta potential, and FESEM imaging. Different adsorption parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbate and adsorbent concentration, and temperature were optimized for the adsorption of pesticides. The equilibrium and kinetic models were applied to the adsorption process of the pesticides. Qe of the composite as found to be 342.46 mg g-1 for imidacloprid and 37.15 mg g-1 for carbofuran. The adsorption process followed the pseudo 2nd order kinetic model for carbofuran (R2~0.9971) and imidacloprid (R2~0.9967). The Freundlich isotherm best fitted to the adsorption data of the pesticides with R2 value of 0.9956 for carbofuran and 0.95 for imidacloprid. The resultant adsorbent/composite material came out with very good results for the removal of pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Musa Khan
- grid.440567.40000 0004 0607 0608Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Lower Dir, 18800 Pakistan
| | - Mian Muhammad
- grid.440567.40000 0004 0607 0608Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Lower Dir, 18800 Pakistan
| | - Zeid A. AlOthman
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Won Jo Cheong
- grid.202119.90000 0001 2364 8385Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Namku, Incheon, 402-751 South Korea
| | - Faiz Ali
- grid.440567.40000 0004 0607 0608Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Lower Dir, 18800 Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ingenious introduction of aminopropylimidazole to tune the hydrophobic selectivity of dodecyl-bonded stationary phase for environmental organic pollutants. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
15
|
Lanjwani MF, Tuzen M, Khuhawar MY, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Farajzadeh MA. Deep Eutectic Solvents for Extraction and Preconcentration of Organic and Inorganic Species in Water and Food Samples: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35980662 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been developed as green solvents and these are capable as alternatives to conventional solvents used for the extraction of organic and inorganic species from food and water samples. The continuous generation of contaminated waste and increasing concern for the human health and environment have compelled the scientific community to investigate more ecological schemes. In this concern, the use of DESs have developed in one of the chief approach in the field of chemistry. These solvents have appeared as a capable substitute to conventional hazardous solvents and ionic liquids. The DESs has distinctive properties, easy preparation and components availability. It is not only used in scienctific fields but also used in quotidian life. There are many advantages of DESs in analytical chemistry, they are largely used for extraction and determination of inorganic and organic compounds from different samples. In previous a few years, several advanced researches have been focused on the separation and preconcentration of low level of pollutants using DESs as the extractants. This review summarizes the use of DESs in the separation and preconcentration of organic and inorganic species from water and food samples using various microextraction processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
- Dr M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Tuzen
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Research Institute, Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Yar Khuhawar
- Institute of Advanced Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Natural and Engineered Nanomaterials for the Identification of Heavy Metal Ions—A Review. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152665. [PMID: 35957095 PMCID: PMC9370674 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been much interest in developing advanced and innovative approaches for sensing applications in various fields, including agriculture and environmental remediation. The development of novel sensors for detecting heavy metals using nanomaterials has emerged as a rapidly developing research area due to its high availability and sustainability. This review emphasized the naturally derived and engineered nanomaterials that have the potential to be applied as sensing reagents to interact with metal ions or as reducing and stabilizing agents to synthesize metallic nanoparticles for the detection of heavy metal ions. This review also focused on the recent advancement of nanotechnology-based detection methods using naturally derived and engineered materials, with a summary of their sensitivity and selectivity towards heavy metals. This review paper covers the pros and cons of sensing applications with recent research published from 2015 to 2022.
Collapse
|
17
|
Azari A, Abtahi M, Saeedi R, Yari AR, Vaziri MH, Mohammadi G. Integrated ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction for efficient determination and pre-concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from high-consumption soft drinks and non-alcoholic beers in Iran. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3139-3149. [PMID: 35789060 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the present research, an ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry hybrid system was developed for extraction/determination of trace amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in high-consumption soft drinks and non-alcoholic beers in Iran using magnetite graphene oxide adsorbent. The magnetite graphene oxide was characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and vibrating-sample magnetometer techniques. The highest extraction recovery (73.05 to 95.56%) and enrichment factor (90.65 to 106.38) were obtained at adsorbent mass: 10 mg, adsorption time: 30 min, salt addition: sodium chloride 10% w/v, desorption time: 20 min, eluent type: hexane: acetone (1:1, v/v), and desorption solvent volumes: 200 μL. Under optimum conditions, the linearity range for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons determination was 0.2-200 ng mL-1 with coefficient of determination> 0.993, limit of detection = 0.09-0.21 ng mL-1 , limit of quantitation = 0.3-0.7 ng mL-1 , and relative standard deviation < 8.1%, respectively. Relative recoveries in spiked real samples ranged from 94.67 to 109.45 % with standard deviation < 6.05%. The proposed method is effective, sensitive, reusable and it is promising for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons residues in environmental samples. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azari
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Abtahi
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Saeedi
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE), School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Yari
- Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Vaziri
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE), School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Luo K, Luo Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen W, Bai Z, Tang S. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic selectivity of a multifunctional carbonyldiimidazolium/dodecyl modified silica stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
19
|
Shen Y, Wei Y, Zhu C, Cao J, Han DM. Ratiometric fluorescent signals-driven smartphone-based portable sensors for onsite visual detection of food contaminants. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
20
|
Bagheri AR, Aramesh N, Gong Z, Cerda V, Lee HK. Two-dimensional materials as a platform in extraction methods: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
|
21
|
Wu Y, Luo K, Liu Y, Chen W, Bai Z, Tang S. Innovative preparation of ureido/dodecyl dual-functionalized silica as a versatile mixed-mode stationary phase for high-resolution chromatographic separations. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1665:462834. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
22
|
Recent Applications of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Environmental Analysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11114779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The incessant generation of toxic waste and the growing concern over the environment have led the scientific community to delve into the search for more sustainable systems. In this regard, the application of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has become one of the main strategies in green chemistry. These solvents have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional toxic solvents and even to the well-known ionic liquids. Their unique properties, components availability, and easy preparation, among others, have led to a new trend within the scientific community and industry, based on the use of these up-and-coming solvents not only in science but also in quotidian life. Among the areas that have benefited from the advantages of DESs is analytical chemistry, in which they have been largely used for sample preparation, including the extraction and determination of organic and inorganic compounds from environmental samples. The considerable number of applications developed in the last year in this field and the increasing generation of new data necessitate the continuous updating of the literature. This review pretends to compile the most relevant applications of DESs in environmental analysis and critically discuss them to provide a global vision about the advantages and drawbacks/limitations of these neoteric solvents in the area of environmental analysis.
Collapse
|