1
|
Tu Y, Li H, Xue Y, Xie W, Chen C, Zhong Y, Lin Z, Cai Z. Fluorine-functionalized covalent organic framework coated solid-phase microextraction probe coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for monitoring triclosan, triclocarban, and chlorophenols in mice. Talanta 2024; 278:126503. [PMID: 38963976 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), triclocarban (TCC), and chlorophenols (CPs) are broad-spectrum antibacterials widely used in dermatological and oral hygiene products, which could induce severe liver and intestine injuries. Hence, it is essential to establish a rapid and sensitive method to monitor TCS, TCC, and CPs in various organisms. In this work, fluorine-functionalized covalent organic framework (COF-F) was prepared by using 4,4',4''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tri-aniline and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalaldehyde as two building units and employed as a solid phase microextraction (SPME) probe for the extraction of TCS, TCC and CPs. The COF-F possessed excellent hydrophobicity, a large specific surface area (1354.3 m2 g-1) and high uniform porosity (3.2 nm), which facilitated high selectivity and adsorption properties towards TCS, TCC, and CPs. Therefore, the as-prepared COF-F-SPME in combination with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry has been developed to provide fast and ultrasensitive detection of TCS, TCC, and CPs in biological samples. The established method demonstrated satisfactory linear ranges (0.01-100.00 μg L-1) and low limits of detection (0.003-0.040 μg L-1) for TCS, TCC and CPs. The developed method could be successfully applied to detect TCS, TCC and CPs in the liver and kidney tissues of mice, demonstrating the potential for the detection of chlorinated aromatic pollutants in the biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Tu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Heming Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yuandi Xue
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Canrong Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yanhui Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Riboni N, Ribezzi E, Bianchi F, Careri M. Supramolecular Materials as Solid-Phase Microextraction Coatings in Environmental Analysis. Molecules 2024; 29:2802. [PMID: 38930867 PMCID: PMC11206577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has been widely proposed for the extraction, clean-up, and preconcentration of analytes of environmental concern. Enrichment capabilities, preconcentration efficiency, sample throughput, and selectivity in extracting target compounds greatly depend on the materials used as SPME coatings. Supramolecular materials have emerged as promising porous coatings to be used for the extraction of target compounds due to their unique selectivity, three-dimensional framework, flexible design, and possibility to promote the interaction between the analytes and the coating by means of multiple oriented functional groups. The present review will cover the state of the art of the last 5 years related to SPME coatings based on metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and supramolecular macrocycles used for environmental applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Riboni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (E.R.); (M.C.)
| | | | - Federica Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (E.R.); (M.C.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gu H, Li J, Liang Q, Xu W. Solid phase microextraction device coupled with miniature mass spectrometry and mathematical model of its ion chronogram. Talanta 2024; 271:125651. [PMID: 38262130 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Modern solid phase microextraction (SPME) device linked with mass spectrometry (SPME-MS) has evolved from producing ion chronogram as flat noisy signal to as unimodal-like signal. We designed a SPME device, which is closer in morphology to LC column, linked it with a miniature mass spectrometer (SPME-Mini MS), and proposed a mathematical model that elution of compound from the SPME device is equivalent to overlay of elution of the compound from the infinite LC columns with the lengths between 0 and the length of the device and it can generate an ion chronogram as right-skew unimodal signal. Rhodamine B as analyte was used for experimental verification and its unimodal signal was used to fit the parameters of a computer simulation program based on the model. The experimental results and simulations empirically cross-confirmed that SPME-Mini MS can generate ion chronogram as clean right-skew unimodal signal. Furthermore, the SPME-Mini MS system was used for quantitative analysis of psychotropic drugs (i.e. risperidone and aripiprazole) in artificial urine. The results preliminarily demonstrated that the system can utilize area under unimodal signal for quantitative analysis and has potential to be applied for on-site, fast and accurate quantification of drugs and other compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jiwen Li
- Hanbot Institute, Yovole Networks Inc, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Qiong Liang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang X, Wang J, Chang G, Sun C, Wu Q, Wang Z. Post-synthetic modification of covalent organic framework for efficient adsorption of organochlorine pesticides from cattle's milk. Food Chem 2024; 439:138182. [PMID: 38100880 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues in milk faces a significant challenge. Herein, a sea urchin structured covalent organic framework bearing boric acid groups named COF-B(OH)2 was synthesized and applied as a coating material for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of the OCPs in cattle's milk. Its performance was superior to that of three commonly used commercial SPME fibers, which could be due to the coexistence of hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding, π-stacking and electrostatic interactions. Besides, the fiber coating displayed good stability and reusability. After optimization, a COF-B(OH)2 based SPME coupled with gas chromatography-electron capture detection was established for the sensitive detection of the OCPs from milk samples. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) were between 0.04 and 1.00 μg kg-1. Satisfactory accuracy was achieved with the method recoveries in the range of 87.5 % to 112.5 %. These results manifest the feasibility of the COF-B(OH)2 coated fiber for the enrichment of the trace OCPs from milk samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Guifen Chang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Cuihong Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bolat S, Demir S, Erer H, Pelit F, Dzingelevičienė R, Ligor T, Buszewski B, Pelit L. MOF-801 based solid phase microextraction fiber for the monitoring of indoor BTEX pollution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133607. [PMID: 38280318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) are some of the better-known indoor air pollutants, for which effective monitoring is important. The analysis of BTEX can be performed by different type of solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers. This study presents a proposal for a low cost, convenient and environmentally friendly analytical method for the determination of BTEX in air samples using custom made SPME fibers. In this context, custom made metal organic frameworks (MOF-801) were coated on a stainless-steel wire for SPME fiber preparation. The analysis of BTEX was performed by introducing SPME fiber into an analyte-containing Tedlar bag in steady-state conditions. After the sampling step, the analytes were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode. Parameters that affect the analysis results were optimized; these include desorption temperature and time, preconditioning time, extraction temperature and time, and sample volume. Under optimized conditions, analytical figure of merits of developed method were obtained, including limits of detection (LOD) (0.012 - 0.048 mg/m3), linear ranges (0.041-18 mg/m3), intraday and interday repeatability (2.08 - 4.04% and 3.94 - 6.35%), and fiber to fiber reproducibility (7.51 - 11.17%). The proposed method was successfully applied to real air samples with an acceptable recovery values between 84.5% and 110.9%. The developed method can be applied for the effective monitoring of BTEX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Bolat
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Vocational School, İzmir University of Economics, İzmir, Türkiye; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye.
| | - Sevde Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| | - Hakan Erer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| | - Füsun Pelit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye; Translational Pulmonary Research Center (Ege TPRC), Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Reda Dzingelevičienė
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Tomasz Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland; Prof. Jan Czochralski Kuyavian-Pomeranian Science and Technology Center, 4 Krasińskiego str., 87 100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Levent Pelit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye; Translational Pulmonary Research Center (Ege TPRC), Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu X, Li H, Yang J, Wen X, Wang S, Pan M. Nanoscale Materials Applying for the Detection of Mycotoxins in Foods. Foods 2023; 12:3448. [PMID: 37761156 PMCID: PMC10528894 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace amounts of mycotoxins in food matrices have caused a very serious problem of food safety and have attracted widespread attention. Developing accurate, sensitive, rapid mycotoxin detection and control strategies adapted to the complex matrices of food is crucial for in safeguarding public health. With the continuous development of nanotechnology and materials science, various nanoscale materials have been developed for the purification of complex food matrices or for providing response signals to achieve the accurate and rapid detection of various mycotoxins in food products. This article reviews and summarizes recent research (from 2018 to 2023) on new strategies and methods for the accurate or rapid detection of mold toxins in food samples using nanoscale materials. It places particular emphasis on outlining the characteristics of various nanoscale or nanostructural materials and their roles in the process of detecting mycotoxins. The aim of this paper is to promote the in-depth research and application of various nanoscale or structured materials and to provide guidance and reference for the development of strategies for the detection and control of mycotoxin contamination in complex matrices of food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Huilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jingying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xintao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Mingfei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zeger VR, Bell DS, Anderson JL. Understanding the influence of polymeric ionic liquid sorbent coating substituents on cannabinoid and pesticide affinity in solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464222. [PMID: 37523907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
To understand factors that drive pesticide-cannabinoid selectivity in solid-phase microextraction (SPME), eight new polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) sorbent coatings were designed and compared to four previously reported PIL sorbent coatings for the extraction of pesticides. The four PIL sorbent coatings consisted of either vinylimidazolium or vinylbenzylimidazolium ILs with long alkyl chain substituents (i.e., -C8H17 or -C12H25) and bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([NTf2-]) anions, from which the eight new PIL sorbent coatings were adapted. Modifications to the chemical structure of IL monomers and crosslinkers included incorporation of polymerizable p-styrenesulfonate or 3-sulfopropyl acrylate anions, the addition of aromatic moieties, and/or the addition of polar functional groups (i.e., -OH or -O- groups). A total of ten commonly regulated pesticides and six cannabinoids were examined in this study. The effect of salt on the solubility of pesticides and cannabinoids in aqueous solutions was assessed by determining their extraction efficiencies in the presence of varied methanol content. Differences in their solubilities appear to play a dominant role in enhancing pesticide-cannabinoid selectivity. The selectivity, represented as the ratio of pesticide total peak areas to cannabinoid total peak areas, also exhibited a moderate correlation to the affinity of the sorbent coatings towards both the pesticides and the cannabinoids. A positive correlation was observed for the pesticides and a negative correlation was observed for the cannabinoids, suggesting that selectivity was driven by more than the presence of salt in the samples. The sorbent coatings' affinity towards each class of analytes were examined to determine specific interactions that might influence selectivity. The two main structural modifications increasing pesticide-cannabinoid selectivity included the absence of aromatic moieties and the addition of hydrogen bond donor functional groups. Extractions of simple aromatic molecules as probes were performed under similar extraction conditions as the cannabinoids and confirmed the influence of hydrogen bonding interactions on sorbent coating affinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Zeger
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - David S Bell
- Restek Corporation, 110 Benner Circle, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 16823, United States
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maleki S, Hashemi P, Adeli M. A simple and portable vacuum assisted headspace solid phase microextraction device coupled to gas chromatography based on covalent organic framework/metal organic framework hybrid for simultaneous analysis of volatile and semi-volatile compounds in soil. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464195. [PMID: 37423076 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Various microextraction methods have demonstrated a positive effect when assisted by vacuum. However, working with such systems is often laborious, they often require expensive and non-portable vacuum pumps, and may even suck off some sample vapor or solid particles during the evacuation process. To address these issues, a simple, and affordable vacuum-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) device was developed in this study. The device, named In Syringe Vacuum-assisted HS-SPME (ISV-HS-SPME), utilizes an adjustable 40 mL glass syringe as a vacuum provider and sampling vessel. A new fiber coating, made from a hybrid of covalent triazine-based frameworks and metal-organic frameworks (COF/MOF), was prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller techniques for use in the ISV-HS-SPME. By optimizing parameters such as extraction temperature, extraction time, desorption temperature, desorption time, and, humidity using a simplex method, the ISV system was found to increase the extraction efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in solid samples by up to 175%. The determinations were followed by GC-FID measurements. Compared to three commercially available fibers, the ISV-HS-SPME device with the COF/MOF (2DTP/MIL-101-Cr) fiber exhibited significantly higher peak areas for PAHs and BTEX. The linear dynamic ranges for BTEX and PAHs were 7.1-9000 ng g-1 and 0.23-9000 ng g-1, respectively, with limits of detection ranging from 2.1-5 ng g-1 for BTEX and 0.07-1.6 ng g-1 for PAHs. The relative standard deviation of the method was 2.6-7.8% for BTEX and 1.6-6.7% for PAHs. The ISV-HS-SPME was successfully used to simultaneously determine PAHs and BTEX in polluted soil samples with recoveries ranging from 80.4 to 108%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Maleki
- Department of analytical chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Payman Hashemi
- Department of analytical chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Department of analytical chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Murtada K, Nazdrajić E, Pawliszyn J. Performance Evaluation of Extraction Coatings with Different Sorbent Particles and Binder Composition. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12745-12753. [PMID: 37584189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Binders are critical components used in the preparation of a range of extraction devices, including solid-phase microextraction (SPME) devices. While the main role of a binder is to affix the sorbent particles to the selected support, it is critical to select the optimal binder to ensure that it does not negatively impact the coating's particle sorption capability. This work presents the first comprehensive investigation of the interactions between binders and solid sorbent particles as these interactions can significantly impact the performance of the coating. Specifically, the findings presented herein provide a better understanding of the extraction mechanisms of composite coatings and new rules for predicting the particle adhesion forces and binder distribution in the coating. The influence of binder chemistry on coating performance is investigated by examining a selection of the most used binders, namely, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene amorphous fluoroplastics (PTFE AF 2400), and polybenzimidazole (PBI). The solid particles (e.g., hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced (HLB) and C18) used in this work were selected for their ability to provide optimal extraction coverage for a broad range of analytes. The results show that PDMS does not change the properties of the solid particles and that the binder occupies a negligible volume due to shrinking after polymerization, resulting in the solid particles making up most of the coating volume. Hence, the coating sorption characteristics correspond closely to the properties of the selected solid particles. On the other hand, the results also showed that PTFE AF 2400 can interact with the active surface of the sorbent, leading to the deactivation of the sorbent particles. Therefore, the extraction performance and permeability coefficients decrease as the size of the penetrant increases, indicating a rigid porous structure. The results of this study can aid in the optimization of SPME devices as they provide reference values that can be used to determine the optimal binder and the sorbent affinity for the targeted compounds. Finally, the present work also provides the broader scientific community with a strategy for investigating the properties of sorbent particle/binder structures and defines the characteristics of a good coating/membrane by analyzing all parameters such as kinetics, thermodynamic equilibria, and morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Murtada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Emir Nazdrajić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Murtada K, Nazdrajić E, Pawliszyn J. Polybenzimidazole: a novel, fluorocarbon-free, SPME sorbent binder with good thermal and solvent resistance properties for GC and LC analysis. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:323. [PMID: 37493831 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05889-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coating is presented that uses polybenzimidazole (PBI) as a binder to immobilize micro-size sorbent particles onto a support. An evaluation of the developed binder's thermal and solvent desorption capabilities demonstrated its compatibility with both gas and liquid chromatography (GC and LC). The incorporation of hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced (HLB) particles provided optimal extraction coverage for an array of chemically diverse analytes possessing a range of hydrophobicities and molecular weights. The developed binder's performance was assessed by comparing it to a selection of binders commonly used in the literature, including polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), as well as the more recently developed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polytetrafluoroethylene amorphous fluoroplastic (PTFE AF 2400). The results revealed that PBI provides better performance compared to PVDF and PTFE AF 2400 in terms of its environmental impact, while also being convenient for use in coating preparation and offering good matrix compatibility. The thermal analysis revealed that PBI exhibited more than 93% weight retention at 550 °C, which is superior to PVDF's 80.07% weight retention at 393.78 °C. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to use PBI as a particle binder in SPME coatings. The PBI coating maintained high extraction efficiencies under extreme conditions with pH values of 3 and 12. The performance of PBI in combination with HLB was assessed by employing it to extract several drugs of abuse and McReynolds compounds for LC and GC analysis, respectively. The results indicated that PBI performs similarly to PAN for LC but is outperformed by PDMS in GC applications with respect to extraction and desorption kinetics. Nonetheless, the thermal and solvent desorption results indicated that PBI can be used for both applications, as it remains stable at temperatures over 350 °C and is stable when solvent desorption is applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Murtada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Emir Nazdrajić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Riboni N, Bianchi F, Scaccaglia M, Bisceglie F, Secchi A, Massera C, Luches P, Careri M. A novel multiwalled carbon nanotube-cyclodextrin nanocomposite for solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in snow samples. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:212. [PMID: 37171627 PMCID: PMC10181969 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Novel solid-phase microextraction coatings based on the use of multiwalled carbon nanotube-cyclodextrin (MWCNT-CD) nanocomposites were developed for the determination of 16-priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at ultratrace levels in snow samples. The performance of both β- and γ-CD was tested to increase the detection capabilities towards the heaviest and most lipophilic compounds, i.e., five- and six-ring PAHs. To facilitate the interactions of MWCNTs with CDs, an oxidation procedure using both HNO3 and H2O2 was applied, obtaining superior results using MWCNTs-H2O2-γ-CD fiber. Detection and quantitation limits below 0.7 and 2.3 ng/L, RSD lower than 21%, and recoveries of 88(± 2)-119.8(± 0.4)% proved the reliability of the developed method for the determination of PAHs at ultratrace levels. The complexation capability of the γ-CD was also demonstrated in solution by NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy studies and at solid state by XRD analysis. Finally, snow samples collected in the ski area of Dolomiti di Brenta were analyzed, showing a different distribution of the 16 priority PAHs, being naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene the only compounds detected in all the analyzed samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Riboni
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - F Bianchi
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
- University of Parma, Center for Energy and Environment (CIDEA), Parco Area delle Scienze 42, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - M Scaccaglia
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - F Bisceglie
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - A Secchi
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - C Massera
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - P Luches
- Nanoscience Institute, CNR, via G. Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - M Careri
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kong J, Cao X, Huang W, Li C, Xian Q, Yang S, Li S, Sun C, He H. Predicting the bioavailability of nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments: ZIF-8/h-BN solid-phase microextraction versus Tenax extraction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120896. [PMID: 36535426 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) in sediments has been widely reported, but research on NPAH bioavailability is lacking. In this study, a self-made zeolite imidazolate framework-8/hexagonal boron nitride (ZIF-8/h-BN) solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber and commercial Tenax are compared as efficient tools to predict the bioavailability of NPAHs in sediments with bioassays using Cipangopaludina chinensis. During the process of SPME, the NPAH concentrations on the ZIF-8/h-BN fibers reached extraction equilibrium after 72 h. The fiber extraction of NPAHs in sediments was well-fitted by the pseudo first-order kinetic model with a rate constant of 2 × 10-2 h-1 (R2 > 0.98). The extraction rates ranking of NPAHs in sediments was 2-nitrobiphenyl>1-nitropyrene>5-nitroacenaphthene>2-nitrofluorene. Compared with SPME, NPAH concentrations reached equilibrium after 168 h for the Tenax extraction. The orders of magnitude of fast, slow, and very slow desorption rate constants were 10-1, 10-2, and 10-4, respectively. At extraction equilibrium (168 h), the SPME was close to the bioavailability of the NPAHs in sediments to Cipangopaludina chinensis with a slope statistically approximated to one. In addition, the linear regression for SPME (R2 = 0.7285) was slightly higher than that of the Tenax extraction (R2 = 0.7168) over a short time (6 h). This could be because the coating material of ZIF-8/h-BN can rapidly adsorb freely dissolved NPAHs, and the SPME fibers can accurately predict the bioaccumulated concentrations of NPAHs in exposed organisms by measuring the concentration of NPAHs in the pore water of sediment. This study provides a time-saving and easy procedure to predict the bioavailability of NPAHs in sediments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jijie Kong
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Wen Huang
- Kaver Scientific Instruments, Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210000, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Qiming Xian
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Shaogui Yang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Cheng Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, 354300, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zheng J, Kuang Y, Zhou S, Gong X, Ouyang G. Latest Improvements and Expanding Applications of Solid-Phase Microextraction. Anal Chem 2023; 95:218-237. [PMID: 36625125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zheng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry/School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yixin Kuang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry/School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Suxin Zhou
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry/School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinying Gong
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry/School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry/School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chang G, Zhao Y, Zhao B, Yang X, Zhang S, Wang C, Wang Z. A hydrophilic-lipophilic triazine based hyper-crosslinked polymer for efficient enrichment of nitrobenzene compounds. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1238:340638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Hasani F, Raoof JB, Ghani M, Ojani R. In situ electrodeposition of Cu-BDC metal–organic framework on pencil graphite substrate for solid-phase microextraction of some pesticides. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:432. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
16
|
Selective enrichment and determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in milk by solid-phase microextraction using molecularly imprinted phenolic resin fiber coating. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1227:340328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
Gong X, Xu L, Kou X, Zheng J, Kuang Y, Zhou S, Huang S, Zheng Y, Ke W, Chen G, Ouyang G. Amino-functionalized metal–organic frameworks for efficient solid-phase microextraction of perfluoroalkyl acids in environmental water. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
18
|
Delińska K, Yavir K, Kloskowski A. Head-Space SPME for the Analysis of Organophosphorus Insecticides by Novel Silica IL-Based Fibers in Real Samples. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154688. [PMID: 35897868 PMCID: PMC9330742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This work demonstrates the suitability of a newly developed ionic liquid (IL)-based silica SPME fiber for the determination of seven organophosphorus insecticides in cucumber and grapefruit samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with a gas chromatography−flame ionization detector (FID). The sol-gel method released four different sorbent coatings, which were obtained based on a silica matrix containing ILs immobilized inside its pores. In order to obtain ionogel fibers, the following ionic liquids were utilized: 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; Butyltriethyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; 1-(2-Methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and 1-Benzyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The developed fibers were applied for the extraction of seven different insecticides from liquid samples. The most important extraction parameters of HS-SPME coupled with the GC-FID method were optimized with a central composite design. The new SPME fiber demonstrated higher selectivity for extracting the analyzed insecticides compared with commercially available fibers. The limit of detection was in the range of 0.01−0.93 μg L−1, the coefficients of determination were >0.9830, and 4.8−10.1% repeatability of the method was found. Finally, the obtained ionogel fibers were utilized to determine insecticides in fresh cucumber and grapefruit juices.
Collapse
|
19
|
Jiang XX, Sun YN, Zhang C, Yang Z, Yu LQ, Lv YK. Synthesis of SiO2@MOF-199 as a Fiber Coating for Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction of Phthalates in Plastic Bottled Milk. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
20
|
Delińska K, Machowski G, Kloskowski A. Development of SPME fiber coatings with tunable porosity for physical confinement of ionic liquids as an extraction media. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
21
|
Peng S, Huang X, Huang Y, Huang Y, Zheng J, Zhu F, Xu J, Ouyang G. Novel solid-phase microextraction fiber coatings: A review. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:282-304. [PMID: 34799963 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The materials used for the fabrication of solid-phase microextraction fiber coatings in the past five years are summarized in the current review, including carbon, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, aerogel, polymer, ionic liquids/poly (ionic liquids), metal oxides, and natural materials. The preparation approaches of different coatings, such as sol-gel technique, in-situ growth, electrodeposition, and glue methods, are briefly reviewed together with the evolution of the supporting substrates. In addition, the limitations of the current coatings and the future development directions of solid-phase microextraction are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yiquan Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|