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Sun H, Gao F, Liu Y, Shao J. Survival and clinicopathological significance of B7-H3 in bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Urol 2024; 24:57. [PMID: 38468228 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-024-01446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B7-H3 has been implicated in clinical pathological features and prognosis across various cancer types, suggesting its potential as a cancer biomarker. Nevertheless, consensus remains elusive regarding its clinical-pathological and prognostic significance in bladder cancer. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and CNKI databases from their inception up to October 6, 2022. We evaluated the literature's quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We performed meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 12.0, synthesizing data and calculating odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS After applying eligibility criteria and conducting assessments, we included data from 8 studies, encompassing 1622 bladder cancer patients. Bladder tumor tissues exhibited significantly elevated B7-H3 protein expression compared to normal bladder tissues. Elevated B7-H3 expression was notably associated with patient age, tumor infiltration, and recurrence in bladder cancer. However, no significant correlations were observed with other clinical characteristics. Our pooled HR analysis indicated no significant association between B7-H3 expression and overall survival in bladder cancer patients. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis unveils the complex role of B7-H3 in bladder cancer progression. It appears to be directly involved in tumor infiltration and recurrence but cannot definitively serve as a prognostic biomarker for bladder cancer. To validate these findings, further well-designed studies, encompassing larger sample sizes and diverse racial backgrounds, are warranted. PROSPERO REGISTRATION No. CRD42022364688.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Sun
- Department of Urology, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital (Jiangnan University Medical Center), Wuxi, 214002, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Jianfeng Shao
- Department of Urology, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital (Jiangnan University Medical Center), Wuxi, 214002, China.
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Xiaoqin Z, Zhouqi L, Huan P, Xinyi F, Bin S, Jiming W, Shihui L, Bangwei Z, Jing J, Yi H, Jinlai G. Development of a prognostic signature for immune-associated genes in bladder cancer and exploring potential drug findings. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:483-497. [PMID: 37740848 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer, predominantly affecting men, is a prevalent malignancy of the urinary system. Although platinum-based chemotherapy has demonstrated certain enhancements in overall survival when compared to surgery alone, the efficacy of treatments is impeded by the unfavorable side effects of conventional chemotherapy medications. Nonetheless, immunotherapy exhibits potential in the treatment of bladder cancer. METHODS To create an immune-associated prognostic signature for bladder cancer, bioinformatics analyses were performed utilizing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database in this study. By identifying differential gene expressions between the high-risk and low-risk groups, a potential therapeutic drug was predicted using the Connectivity Map database. Subsequently, the impact of this drug on the growth of T24 cells was validated through MTT assay and 3D cell culture techniques. RESULTS The signature included 1 immune-associated LncRNA (NR2F1-AS1) and 16 immune-associated mRNAs (DEFB133, RBP7, PDGFRA, CGB3, PDGFD, SCG2, ADCYAP1R1, OPRL1, PGR, PSMD1, TANK, PRDX1, ADIPOR2, S100A8, AHNAK, EGFR). Based on the assessment of risk scores, the patients were classified into cohorts of low-risk and high-risk individuals. The cohort with low risk demonstrated a considerably higher likelihood of survival in comparison to the group with high risk. Furthermore, variations in immune infiltration were noted among the two categories. Cephaeline, a possible medication, was discovered by analyzing variations in gene expression. It exhibited promise in suppressing the viability and growth of T24 bladder cancer cells. CONCLUSION The novel predictive pattern allows for efficient categorization of patients with bladder cancer, enabling focused and rigorous treatment for those expected to have a worse prognosis. The discovery of a possible curative medication establishes a basis for forthcoming immunotherapy trials in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Xiaoqin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Lu Zhouqi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Pan Huan
- Departments of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Feng Xinyi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Shen Bin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Wu Jiming
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Liu Shihui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Zhou Bangwei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China.
| | - He Yi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China.
| | - Gao Jinlai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China.
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Zhuang J, Mo J, Huang Z, Yan Y, Wang Z, Cao X, Yang C, Shen B, Zhang F. Mechanisms of Xiaozheng decoction for anti-bladder cancer effects via affecting the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways: a network pharmacology-directed experimental investigation. Chin Med 2023; 18:104. [PMID: 37608369 PMCID: PMC10464372 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The combination of Xiaozheng decoction with postoperative intravesical instillation has been shown to improve the prognosis of bladder cancer patients and prevent recurrence. However, the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of this herbal formula remain largely unclear. This research aims to identify the important components of Xiaozheng decoction and explore their anti-bladder cancer effect and mechanism using network pharmacology-based experiments. METHODS The chemical ingredients of each herb in the Xiaozheng decoction were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) database. Network pharmacology was employed to predict the target proteins and pathways of action. Disease databases were utilized to identify target genes associated with bladder cancer. A Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network was constructed to illustrate the interaction with intersected target proteins. Key targets were identified using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis. A compound-target-pathway network was established after molecular docking predictions. In vitro experiments with bladder cancer cell lines were conducted using core chemical components confirmed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-qTOF-MS) to verify the conclusions of network pharmacology. RESULTS 45 active compounds were extracted, and their relationships with Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) and protein targets were presented, comprising 7 herbs, 45 active compounds, and 557 protein targets. The intersection between potential TCM target genes and bladder cancer-related genes yielded 322 genes. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that these targets may be involved in numerous cancer-related pathways. Molecular docking results showed that candidate compounds except mandenol could form stable conformations with the receptor. In vitro experiments on three bladder cancer cell lines demonstrated that quercetin and two other impressive new compounds, bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) and kumatakenin, significantly promoted cancer cell apoptosis through the B-cell lymphoma 2/Bcl-2-associated X (Bcl-2/BAX) pathway and inhibited proliferation and migration through the glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β)/β-catenin pathway. CONCLUSION By employing network pharmacology and conducting in vitro experiments, the mechanism of Xiaozheng decoction's effect against bladder cancer was tentatively elucidated, and its main active ingredients and targets were identified, providing a scientific basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Zhuang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahang Mo
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengnan Huang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Yan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyi Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangqian Cao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenkai Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Feng J, Wang M, Du GS, Peng K, Li LQ, Li XS. Crosstalk between autophagy and bladder transitional cell carcinoma by autophagy-related lncRNAs. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34130. [PMID: 37390250 PMCID: PMC10313302 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the crosstalk between autophagy and bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) by autophagy-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). A total of 400 TCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas were enrolled in this study. We identified the autophagy-related lncRNA expression profile of the TCC patients and then constructed a prognostic signature using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operation and Cox regression. Risk, survival, and independent prognostic analyses were carried out. Receiver operating characteristic curve, nomogram, and calibration curves were explored. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was employed to verify the enhanced autophagy-related functions. Finally, we compared the signature with several other lncRNA-based signatures. A 9-autophagy-related lncRNA signature was established by least absolute shrinkage and selection operation-Cox regression that was significantly associated with overall survival in TCC. Among them, 8 of the 9 lncRNAs were protective factors while the remaining was a risk factor. The risk scores calculated by the signature showed significant prognostic value in survival analysis between the high- or low-risk groups. The 5-year survival rate for the high-risk group was 26.0% while the rate for the low-risk group was 56.0% (P < .05). Risk score was the only significant risk factor in the multivariate Cox regression survival analysis (P < .001). A nomogram connecting this signature with clinicopathologic characteristics was assembled. To assess the performance of the nomogram, a C-index (0.71) was calculated, which showed great convergence with an ideal model. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis results demonstrated 2 major autophagy-related pathways were significantly enhanced in TCC. And this signature performed a similar predictive effect as other publications. The crosstalk between autophagy and TCC is significant, and this 9 autophagy-related lncRNA signature is a great predictor of TCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Special Medical Department, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Special Medical Department, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing PR China
| | - Guang-Sheng Du
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Li-Qi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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Sanguedolce F, Zanelli M, Palicelli A, Bisagni A, Zizzo M, Ascani S, Pedicillo MC, Cormio A, Falagario UG, Carrieri G, Cormio L. HER2 Expression in Bladder Cancer: A Focused View on Its Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Role. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043720. [PMID: 36835131 PMCID: PMC9962688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease from a molecular, morphological, and clinical standpoint. HER2 is a known oncogene involved in bladder carcinogenesis. Assessing HER2 overexpression as a result of its molecular changes in a routine pathology practice using immunohistochemistry might be a useful adjunct in several scenarios, namely (1) to correctly identify flat urothelial lesions and inverted urothelial lesions in the diagnostic setting; (2) to provide prognostic hints in both non-muscle invasive (NMI) and muscle invasive (MI) tumors, thus supplementing risk stratification tools, especially when evaluating higher-risk tumors such as those with variant morphology; (3) to improve antibody panels as a surrogate marker of BC molecular subtyping. Furthermore, the potential of HER2 as a therapeutic target has been only partly explored so far, in light of the ongoing development of novel target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sanguedolce
- Pathology Unit, Policlinico Riuniti, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Magda Zanelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Palicelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bisagni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zizzo
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Ascani
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Cormio
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Di Ancona, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ugo Giovanni Falagario
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Policlinico Riuniti, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Policlinico Riuniti, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Cormio
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Policlinico Riuniti, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Department of Urology, Bonomo Teaching Hospital, 76123 Andria, Italy
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KRT20, KRT5, ESR1 and ERBB2 Expression Can Predict Pathologic Outcome in Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radical Cystectomy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11060473. [PMID: 34073233 PMCID: PMC8229873 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) that underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) prior to radical cystectomy (RC) show improved overall survival, especially those with pathological complete response (pCR). The response to NAC according to molecular subtypes has been discussed. Molecular targets such as estrogen receptor (ESR1) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2) play an important role in breast cancer management and have also been associated with urothelial bladder cancer. Hence, the association of Keratin 20 (KRT20) Keratin 5 (KRT5), ESR1, and ERBB2 mRNA expression in MIBC at transurethral resection (TUR-BT) with pCR after NAC was analyzed retrospectively. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour tissue samples from TUR-BT of 54 patients (42 males, 12 females, median age of 64) with MIBC were analyzed for KRT20, KRT5, ESR1, and ERBB2 mRNA expression. After NAC, RC was performed, and the specimens were evaluated for pCR. Statistical analyses comprised nonparametric and chi2 testing, partition models, and Spearman correlation analyses. After NAC, 22 out of 54 patients (40.7%) had pCR. Tumours with an elevated expression of markers associated with luminal differentiation (KRT20, ERBB2, ESR1) were associated with a higher chance of pCR (55% vs. 15.8%, p = 0.009). Elevated ERBB2 expression was positively correlated with luminal expression features such as KRT20, and negatively with basal characteristics such as KRT5. Patients with MIBC showing a high expression of ERBB2, ESR1, or KRT20 have a significantly higher chance of pCR following NAC. These findings might improve patient selection for NAC in MIBC.
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Dong Y, Hao L, Fang K, Han XX, Yu H, Zhang JJ, Cai LJ, Fan T, Zhang WD, Pang K, Ma WM, Wang XT, Han CH. A network pharmacology perspective for deciphering potential mechanisms of action of Solanum nigrum L. in bladder cancer. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:45. [PMID: 33494738 PMCID: PMC7836472 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solanum nigrum L. decoction has been used as a folklore medicine in China to prevent the postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer (BC). However, there are no previous pharmacological studies on the protective mechanisms of this activity of the plant. Thus, this study aimed to perform a systematic analysis and to predict the potential action mechanisms underlying S. nigrum activity in BC based on network pharmacology. METHODS Based on network pharmacology, the active ingredients of S. nigrum and the corresponding targets were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicines for Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database, and BC-related genes were screened using GeneCards and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database. In addition, ingredient-target (I-T) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using STRING and Cytoscape, Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted, and then the pathways directly related to BC were integrated manually to reveal the pharmacological mechanism underlying S. nigrum-medicated therapeutic effects in BC. RESULTS Seven active herbal ingredients from 39 components of S. nigrum were identified, which shared 77 common target genes related to BC. I-T network analysis revealed that quercetin was associated with all targets and that NCOA2 was targeted by four ingredients. Besides, interleukin 6 had the highest degree value in the PPI network, indicating a hub role. A subsequent gene enrichment analysis yielded 86 significant GO terms and 89 significant pathways, implying that S. nigrum had therapeutic benefits in BC through multi-pathway effects, including the HIF-1, TNF, P53, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, apoptosis and bladder cancer pathway. CONCLUSIONS S. nigrum may mediate pharmacological effects in BC through multi-target and various signaling pathways. Further validation is required experimentally. Network pharmacology approach provides a predicative novel strategy to reveal the holistic mechanism of action of herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dong
- Department of Urology, XuZhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiefang South Road, No. 199, Jiangsu, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Urology, XuZhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiefang South Road, No. 199, Jiangsu, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kun Fang
- Xuzhou Clinical Medical College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Han
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Suqian People's Hospital of Nanjing Drum-Tower Hospital Group, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Long-Jun Cai
- Department of Urology, Suqian People's Hospital of Nanjing Drum-Tower Hospital Group, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Urology, XuZhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiefang South Road, No. 199, Jiangsu, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wen-da Zhang
- Department of Urology, XuZhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiefang South Road, No. 199, Jiangsu, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kun Pang
- Department of Urology, XuZhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiefang South Road, No. 199, Jiangsu, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ming Ma
- Department of Urology, XuZhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiefang South Road, No. 199, Jiangsu, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xi-Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, XuZhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiefang South Road, No. 199, Jiangsu, Xuzhou, China
| | - Cong-Hui Han
- Department of Urology, XuZhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiefang South Road, No. 199, Jiangsu, Xuzhou, China. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. .,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.
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Montazeri K, Sonpavde G. Salvage systemic therapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma: an unmet clinical need. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 21:299-313. [PMID: 33249937 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1855981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) remains a fatal malignancy, despite the recent addition of immune check point inhibitors (ICIs), an FGFR inhibitor and an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) to the therapeutic armamentarium. The survival rates are particularly dismal after first-line treatment failure, entailing an urgent need for more effective therapies. Advances in understanding biomarkers and identifying targetable molecules have broadened the pathways under investigation in mUC. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes mUC salvage therapy options, including chemotherapy, ICI, and novel promising agents, including targeted therapies, ADCs, cytotoxic agents and vaccines. For the literature review, a PubMed search and relevant data presented at international conferences were used. EXPERT OPINION The approval of ICIs, FGFR inhibitor erdafitinib and ADC enfortumab vedotin in the salvage setting has transformed the mUC landscape. Yet there are additional promising agents currently under study. Toxicities are observed with ADCs and FGFR inhibitors, but appear manageable in most patients. The molecular heterogeneity and complex tumor biology are challenging barriers for progress in the therapy of mUC. Advances in molecular profiling, defining validated predictive markers, rational combinations of agents and therapeutically actionable targets will help develop personalized compounds with higher efficacy and less toxicity with hopes to improve outcomes for mUC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Ecke TH, Kiani A, Schlomm T, Friedersdorff F, Rabien A, Jung K, Kilic E, Boström P, Tervahartiala M, Taimen P, Gleichenhagen J, Johnen G, Brüning T, Koch S, Roggisch J, Wirtz RM. Prognostic Role of Survivin and Macrophage Infiltration Quantified on Protein and mRNA Level in Molecular Subtypes Determined by RT-qPCR of KRT5, KRT20, and ERBB2 in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Treated by Adjuvant Chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197420. [PMID: 33050010 PMCID: PMC7582791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous malignancy. Therefore, it is difficult to find single predictive markers. Moreover, most studies focus on either the immunohistochemical or molecular assessment of tumor tissues by next-generation sequencing (NGS) or PCR, while a combination of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and PCR for tumor marker assessment might have the strongest impact to predict outcome and select optimal therapies in real-world application. We investigated the role of proliferation survivin/BIRC5 and macrophage infiltration (CD68, MAC387, CLEVER-1) on the basis of molecular subtypes of bladder cancer (KRT5, KRT20, ERBB2) to predict outcomes of adjuvant treated muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients with regard to progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). MATERIALS AND METHODS We used tissue microarrays (TMA) from n = 50 patients (38 males, 12 female) with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. All patients had been treated with radical cystectomy followed by adjuvant triple chemotherapy. Median follow-up time was 60.5 months. CD68, CLEVER-1, MAC387, and survivin protein were detected by immunostaining and subsequent visual inspection. BIRC5, KRT5, KRT20, ERBB2, and CD68 mRNAs were detected by standardized RT-qPCR after tissue dot RNA extraction using a novel stamp technology. All these markers were evaluated in three different centers of excellence. RESULTS Nuclear staining rather than cytoplasmic staining of survivin predicted DSS as a single marker with high levels of survivin being associated with better PFS and DSS upon adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.0138 and p = 0.001, respectively). These results were validated by the quantitation of BIRC5 mRNA by PCR (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0508, respectively). Interestingly, nuclear staining of survivin protein was positively associated with BIRC5 mRNA, while cytoplasmic staining was inversely related, indicating that the translocation of survivin protein into the nucleus occurred at a discrete, higher level of its mRNA. Combining survivin/BIRC5 levels based on molecular subtype being assessed by KRT20 expression improved the predictive value, with tumors having low survivin/BIRC5 and KRT20 mRNA levels having the best survival (75% vs. 20% vs. 10% 5-year DSS, p = 0.0005), and these values were independent of grading, node status, and tumor stage in multivariate analysis (p = 0.0167). Macrophage infiltration dominated in basal tumors and was inversely related with the luminal subtype marker gene expression. The presence of macrophages in survivin-positive or ERBB2-positive tumors was associated with worse DSS. CONCLUSIONS For muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients, the proliferative activity as determined by the nuclear staining of survivin or RT-qPCR on the basis of molecular subtype characteristics outperforms single marker detections and single technology approaches. Infiltration by macrophages detected by IHC or PCR is associated with worse outcome in defined subsets of tumors. The limitations of this study are the retrospective nature and the limited number of patients. However, the number of molecular markers has been restricted and based on predefined assumptions, which resulted in the dissection of muscle-invasive disease into tumor-biological axes of high prognostic relevance, which warrant further investigation and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten H. Ecke
- Department of Urology, HELIOS Hospital Bad Saarow, DE-15526 Bad Sarrow, Germany
- Brandenburg Medical School, DE-14770 Brandenburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-33631-72267; Fax: +49-33631-73136
| | - Adisch Kiani
- Department of Urology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, DE-10098 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (T.S.); (F.F.); (A.R.); (K.J.)
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, DE-10098 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (T.S.); (F.F.); (A.R.); (K.J.)
| | - Frank Friedersdorff
- Department of Urology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, DE-10098 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (T.S.); (F.F.); (A.R.); (K.J.)
| | - Anja Rabien
- Department of Urology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, DE-10098 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (T.S.); (F.F.); (A.R.); (K.J.)
- Berlin Institute for Urological Research, DE-10098 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, DE-10098 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (T.S.); (F.F.); (A.R.); (K.J.)
- Berlin Institute for Urological Research, DE-10098 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ergin Kilic
- Institute of Pathology, DE-51375 Leverkusen, Germany;
| | - Peter Boström
- Department of Urology, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland;
| | - Minna Tervahartiala
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Pekka Taimen
- Institute of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland;
| | - Jan Gleichenhagen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, DE-44789 Bochum, Germany; (J.G.); (G.J.); (T.B.)
| | - Georg Johnen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, DE-44789 Bochum, Germany; (J.G.); (G.J.); (T.B.)
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, DE-44789 Bochum, Germany; (J.G.); (G.J.); (T.B.)
| | - Stefan Koch
- Brandenburg Medical School, DE-14770 Brandenburg, Germany;
- Institute of Pathology, HELIOS Hospital Bad Saarow, DE-15526 Bad Sarrow, Germany;
| | - Jenny Roggisch
- Institute of Pathology, HELIOS Hospital Bad Saarow, DE-15526 Bad Sarrow, Germany;
| | - Ralph M. Wirtz
- STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology GmbH, DE-50935 Cologne, Germany;
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10
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Nientiedt M, Müller K, Nitschke K, Erben P, Steidler A, Porubsky S, Popovic ZV, Waldbillig F, Mühlbauer J, Kriegmair MC. B-MYB-p53-related relevant regulator for the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 147:129-138. [PMID: 32951068 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the mRNA expression of B-MYB and MDM2 together with their p53 relatedness in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS Genes were screened for their mRNA expression from 529 patients in a publicly available ccRCC cohort (TCGA). A cohort of 101 patients with ccRCC served as validation by qRT-PCR mRNA tissue expression analysis. RESULTS Expression: B-MYB expression was significantly higher in high-grade tumours (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.048) and in advanced stages (p = 0.005 and p = 0.037) in both cohorts. Correlation: p53-B-MYB as well as MDM2-B-MYB showed significant correlations in local and low-grade ccRCCs, but not in high grade tumours or advanced stages (r < 0.3 and/or p > 0.05). Survival: Multivariable Cox regression of the TCGA cohort revealed B-MYB upregulation and low MDM2 expression as predictors for an impaired overall survival (OS) (HR 1.97; p = 0.0003; HR 2.94, p < 0.0001) and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR 2.86; p = 0.0005; HR 1.58, p = 0.046). In the validation cohort, the results were confirmed for OS by univariable, but not multivariable regression: high B-MYB expression (HR = 3.05, p = 0.035) and low MDM2 expression (HR 3.81, p value 0.036). CONCLUSION In ccRCC patients with high-grade tumours and advanced stages, high B-MYB expression is common and is associated with poorer OS and PFS. These patients show a loss of their physiological B-MYB-p53 network correlation, suggesting an additional, alternative regulatory, oncogenic mechanism. Assuming further characterization of its signalling pathways, B-MYB could be a potential therapy target for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nientiedt
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - K Müller
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - K Nitschke
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - P Erben
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A Steidler
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Porubsky
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Z V Popovic
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - F Waldbillig
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J Mühlbauer
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M C Kriegmair
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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11
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Kardoust Parizi M, Margulis V, Compe Rat E, Shariat SF. The value and limitations of urothelial bladder carcinoma molecular classifications to predict oncological outcomes and cancer treatment response: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Urol Oncol 2020; 39:15-33. [PMID: 32900624 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the predictive value of molecular subtypes on oncological outcomes and response to cancer treatment in patients with urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library was conducted on April 2020 to identify relevant studies according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines. The pooled overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and progression-free survival were calculated using a fixed or random effects model. RESULTS We identified 66 studies (including 21,447 molecular subtype records) evaluating the impact of molecular classification on oncologic outcomes in patients with UBC. We found significant association of different molecular subtypes with OS, CSS, progression-free survival, recurrence-free survival, and response to treatment. Totally, 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Basal group and NE-like subtypes were associated with worse OS (pooled HR: 1.78, 95%CI: 1.49-2.12, and pooled HR: 2.67, 95%CI: 1.08-6.60, respectively) in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer. Luminal group was also associated with worse CSS (pooled HR of 3.67, 95%CI: 2.19-6.14). CONCLUSIONS Based on these data, UBC molecular classifications are significant predictors of oncological outcomes and identify patients who are most likely to benefit from intensified or different therapies. The optimal consensus on molecular classification remains to be verified in well-designed prospective studies to allow precise prognostic and predictive value assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kardoust Parizi
- Department of Urology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vitaly Margulis
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Eva Compe Rat
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, UPMC Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Departments of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prag, Czech Republic; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; European Association of Urology Research Foundation, Arnhem, Netherlands.
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12
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Nini A, Hoffmann MJ, Lampignano R, Große Siemer R, van Dalum G, Szarvas T, Cotarelo CL, Schulz WA, Niederacher D, Neubauer H, Stoecklein NH, Niegisch G. Evaluation of HER2 expression in urothelial carcinoma cells as a biomarker for circulating tumor cells. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2020; 98:355-367. [PMID: 32212383 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) by techniques based on epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is suboptimal in urothelial carcinoma (UC). As HER2 is thought to be broadly expressed in UC, we explored its utility for CTC detection. METHODS HER2 and EpCAM expression was analyzed in 18 UC cell lines (UCCs) by qRT-PCR, western blot and fluorescence-activated cell scanning (FACS) and compared to the strongly HER2-expressing breast cancer cell line SKBR3 and other controls. HER2 expression in UC patient tissues was measured by qRT PCR and correlated with data on survival and risk for metastasis. UCCs with high EpCAM and variable HER2 expression were used for spike-in experiments in the CellSearch system. Twenty-one blood samples from 13 metastatic UC patients were analyzed for HER2-positive CTCs with CellSearch. RESULTS HER2 mRNA and protein were broadly expressed in UCC, with some heterogeneity, but at least 10-fold lower than in the HER-2+ SKBR3 cells. Variations were unrelated to cellular phenotype or clinicopathological characteristics. EpCAM expression was essentially restricted to UCCs with epitheloid phenotypes. Heterogeneity of EpCAM and HER2 expression was observed also in spike-in experiments. The 7 of 21 blood samples from 6 of 13 patients were enumerated as CTC positive via EpCAM, but only one sample stained weakly positive (1+) for HER2. CONCLUSIONS Detection rate of CTCs by EpCAM in UC is poor, even in metastatic patients. Because of its widespread expression, particularly in patients with high risk of metastasis, detection of HER2 could improve identification of UC CTCs, which is why combined detection using antibodies for EpCAM and HER2 may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Nini
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Department of Urology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michèle Janine Hoffmann
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Rita Lampignano
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Große Siemer
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Guus van Dalum
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tibor Szarvas
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Urology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cristina Lopez Cotarelo
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Arthur Schulz
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Niederacher
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Disseminated Cancer Cell Network (DCCNet) Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Neubauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Disseminated Cancer Cell Network (DCCNet) Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolas Hendrik Stoecklein
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Disseminated Cancer Cell Network (DCCNet) Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Günter Niegisch
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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13
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Jin P, Liu J, Zhou Q, Li S, Liu W, Xi S. Long-term treatment with arsenite activates HER1 and HER2 through upregulating EGF, TGFα, and HSP90 in a human uroepithelial cell line. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 36:279-284. [PMID: 31773452 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Jin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihao Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijue Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Hupe MC, Gakis G, Seiler R. [Molecular tumor board-urothelial cancer]. Urologe A 2019; 58:760-767. [PMID: 31172245 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-019-0967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular tumor boards (MTB) are becoming more common. There are several molecular alterations in urothelial cancer a molecular tumor board can potentially rely on. OBJECTIVES The aim is to specify molecular alterations and their correlations with different clinical endpoints and to highlight potential questions addressed to a MTB for urothelial cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Descriptive review of the literature based on PubMed. RESULTS The landscape of molecular alterations in urothelial cancer is heterogeneous. Thus, recent biomarker research has been focusing on biomarker panels and classifiers instead of single biomarkers. Recently, molecular subtypes of urothelial cancer have been identified and correlated with different clinical endpoints. Furthermore, circulating tumor cells and tumor DNA are under investigation as potential biomarkers. In addition to treatment response and prognosis, molecular markers are also needed to improve clinical staging prior to radical cystectomy or for proper patient selection for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Erdafitinib is the first targeted therapy (fibroblast growth factor receptor [FGFR] alteration) in urothelial cancer that was recently approved (in the USA). CONCLUSIONS Due to the lack of external validation, none of the identified biomarkers is currently established in clinical routine. In addition, there is no single driver mutation in urothelial cancer that facilitates the development of biomarkers and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hupe
- Klinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Deutschland.
| | - G Gakis
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - R Seiler
- Departement für Urologie, Inselspital Bern, 3010, Bern, Schweiz
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15
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Sanguedolce F, Russo D, Mancini V, Selvaggio O, Calo B, Carrieri G, Cormio L. Prognostic and therapeutic role of HER2 expression in micropapillary carcinoma of the bladder. Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 10:205-213. [PMID: 30680196 PMCID: PMC6327213 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Micropapillary carcinoma of the bladder (MPBC) is a variant type of infiltrating urothelial carcinoma, which portends a poor biological behavior in terms of disease stage at first diagnosis and clinical outcome; its peculiar morphology raises issues concerning the ability of tumor detection by imaging techniques and proper biopsy procedure, and the appropriate treatment for non-muscle infiltrating and muscle-infiltrating MPBC remains a matter of debate. On the basis of its established prognostic and therapeutic role in breast and gastro-esophageal cancer in the first instance, the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) has been investigated in selected case series of MPBC over the last 10 years. The aim of the present review was to summarize the existing evidence on HER2 status in MPBC, and to discuss its present and future utility in risk assessment and treatment choice of this uncommon, yet aggressive, disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Russo
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, I-71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vito Mancini
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital, I-71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Oscar Selvaggio
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital, I-71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Beppe Calo
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital, I-71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital, I-71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Cormio
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital, I-71121 Foggia, Italy
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16
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Tavolaro P, Catalano S, Tavolaro A. Anticancer activity modulation of an innovative solid formulation of extra virgin olive oil by cultured zeolite scaffolds. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 124:139-150. [PMID: 30521875 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with the design and manufacture of pure and hybrid synthetic (Mixed Matrix Membranes, MMMs) zeolite scaffolds (containing various amount of zeolite crystals dispersed in a polymeric matrix) to obtain new biomaterials. These scaffolds can potentially be used in the field of translational medicine to obtain innovative results to address tumorigenesis mechanisms with the promotion of an effort to deal with technical methods and information. Since olive oil has beneficial effects in healthy human cells and slows down and/or inhibits cell growth, the aim of this work was to monitor the protective and beneficial antitumor effects of olive oil in a new solid formulation (Spread Bio-Oil) on cancer cell cultured on zeolite scaffolds. In order to investigate the cytotoxicity of the new bio-oil spread and to test antiproliferative activity on the cancer cells we used two phenotypically different human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) seeded on various morphologies of zeolite membranes. We report the fabrication and characterization of pure and hybrid (MMMs) zeolite membranes and evaluated the intensively cell adhesion, spreading and cell growth by adhesion test, MTT, optical microscopy analyses and Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) microphotography analyses. Our results demonstrate that both cell lines adhered and grow on all zeolite surfaces and that both show better viability after Spread Bio-Oil treatments. All cell adhesions are a specific membrane-type and, in particular, MCF-7 cells interact and adhere preferentially on pure zeolite membranes. Cancer cells seem to recognize and prefer the characteristics of the supports according to the following trend: Co-ZSM-5 > Co-S-1 > 13X. Moreover, Co-ZSM-5 zeolite membranes were the best scaffolds and MDA-MB-231 cells after administration of Spread Bio-Oil showed less viability with respect to MCF-7 responding better to all concentrations of the innovative food. Our data indicate that Spread Bio-Oil decreases at very low concentration values (5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300 μg/mL) cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The work confirms both the superiority of pure zeolite scaffolds for cultures of human normal and cancer cells and Spread Bio-Oil as an innovative food preserving all the beneficial and healthy properties of the extra virgin olive oil from which it derives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmira Tavolaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Cubo 4/c, 87036, Rende, Italy.
| | - Silvia Catalano
- Department of Physics, Via Bucci cubo 33/c, University of Calabria, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Adalgisa Tavolaro
- Research Institute on Membrane Technology, Unit of Zeolite Membranes, ITM-CNR, University of Calabria, Cubo 17/c, 87036, Rende, Italy
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17
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Zhou Q, Jin P, Liu J, Wang F, Xi S. HER2 and Src co-regulate proliferation, migration and transformation by downstream signaling pathways in arsenite-treated human uroepithelial cells. Metallomics 2018; 10:1141-1159. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00131f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
HER2 mediate proliferation, migration and transformation by multiple downstream signaling pathways in arsenite-treated human uroepithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health, China Medical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Peiyu Jin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health, China Medical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health, China Medical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health, China Medical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health, China Medical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
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