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Berger M, Easterbrook A, Holloway K, Devine D, Bansback N. What influences decisions to donate plasma? A rapid review of the literature. Vox Sang 2023; 118:817-824. [PMID: 37470275 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Plasma has become an essential ingredient for various medical treatments. Many blood collection agencies rely on voluntary non-remunerated donation when collecting plasma, but at present many do not collect sufficient plasma to meet domestic demands. This rapid review sought to explore the factors that have been found to influence people's decisions to donate plasma to inform future research. METHODS Searches were conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, Social Sciences Citation Index and CINAHL for peer-reviewed journal articles that discussed plasma donation and the factors associated with donor behaviour. Pertinent information from included articles was extracted and arranged in themes. RESULTS In total, 33 articles were included in this review. Three main themes were identified by the authors. The first focused on site-level factors related to blood collection agencies' engagement with plasma donors and their influence on plasma donation experiences. The second theme considered how individual characteristics and experiences influence willingness to donate plasma. The third theme examined social and cultural-level factors, such as how social networks and community shape perceptions and experiences with donation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the current understanding of plasma donation is focused mainly on converting whole blood donors and also centres on individual-level factors to donation. Further research must examine what factors attract non-whole blood donors to become plasma donors, focusing on broader social-level influences. This review will inform policies and interventions for blood collection agencies to increase plasma donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Berger
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adam Easterbrook
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelly Holloway
- Donation Policy & Studies, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana Devine
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Donation Policy & Studies, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nick Bansback
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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2
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Hajinasrollah G, Maghsudlu M, Nazemi AM, Teimourpour A, Tabatabai M, Sedaghat A, Beigi BH, Sohrabi MR. The effect of motivational strategy on voluntary plasma donation, a field trial. Transfus Apher Sci 2023; 62:103518. [PMID: 35970692 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma protein therapies (PPTs) are a group of medicines extracted from human plasma through fractionation. The manufacture of adequate amounts of PPTs requires a large volume of human plasma. WHO emphasized that whole blood and blood component donations should be voluntary and non-remunerated. So, motivating people to donate plasma is crucial. In this study, we evaluated the impact of social media on motivating blood donors to donate plasma without any compensation and the moderating effects of blood donation history on plasma donation. METHODS AND MATERIALS we allocated blood donors (n = 501) to intervention and control groups randomly. Participants in the intervention group got educational and motivational messages through a WhatsApp channel. Then, we followed up all participants for six months and registered the information of the plasma donation during this period. RESULT In the intervention group, 6.8% had returned to donate plasma, while this was 2% in the control group (p = 0.016, OR:3.59, 95%CI:1.3-9.89). Among regular blood donors in the intervention group, 17.86% had returned to donate plasma but, no regular donor returned to donate plasma in the control group (p = 0.055). In addition, 10.8% of donors who had academic education in the intervention group returned to donate plasma, although this was 2.54% in the control group (P = 0.0485). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the educational interventions have more effects on academically educated donors to motivate them to donate plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hajinasrollah
- Department of Community Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Maghsudlu
- BloodTransfusion Research Center, High Institute for Education and Research in Blood Transfusion, Tehran, Iran.
| | - A M Nazemi
- BloodTransfusion Research Center, High Institute for Education and Research in Blood Transfusion, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Teimourpour
- BloodTransfusion Research Center, High Institute for Education and Research in Blood Transfusion, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Tabatabai
- BloodTransfusion Research Center, High Institute for Education and Research in Blood Transfusion, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Sedaghat
- BloodTransfusion Research Center, High Institute for Education and Research in Blood Transfusion, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Haji Beigi
- BloodTransfusion Research Center, High Institute for Education and Research in Blood Transfusion, Tehran, Iran
| | - M R Sohrabi
- Department of Community Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Holloway K. Understanding the experiences of plasma donors in Canada's new source plasma collection centres during COVID-19: A qualitative study. Vox Sang 2022; 117:1078-1084. [PMID: 35662043 PMCID: PMC9348189 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To address a national concern over the sufficiency of plasma, Canadian Blood Services (CBS) initiated a proof-of-concept programme with three new source plasma collection centres, aiming to demonstrate a cost-effective template for future source plasma collection and to alleviate the concerns and risks associated with the dependence on the United States. This study uses social capital as a framework to assess the success of the proof-of-concept collection centres. MATERIALS AND METHODS One-hundred and one qualitative interviews with source plasma donors in three new source plasma centres in Canada were carried out. RESULTS CBS played a critical role in motivating whole-blood donors to switch to plasma donation by building on their identity as a donor and facilitating access. Community was central to ensuring that donors returned. The importance of the social network was apparent through relationships participants developed with staff and through the relationships that staff had with each other. Donors wanted to understand more about the uses of plasma so that they could promote donation through their social networks outside the centre. CONCLUSION Campaigns to convert existing blood donors to plasma donors should build on their identity as a donor and structure the centre as a safe and welcoming place. To retain donors, blood collection agencies should emphasize community by facilitating staff ability to work well together and connect with the donor. Blood operators have the potential to expand existing social networks and foster trust through the dissemination of knowledge about plasma more broadly in more diverse communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Holloway
- Donation Policy & Studies, Medical Affairs and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Hyde MK, Masser BM, Coundouris SP. A review of whole-blood donors' willingness, motives, barriers and interventions related to donating another substance of human origin. Transfus Med 2022; 32:95-114. [PMID: 35068004 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diversification of blood collection agencies' (BCAs) core business requires donors to donate substances of human origin (SoHO) beyond whole-blood. Whole-blood donors are assumed to be willing to convert to donate other SoHO as well as whole-blood. However, no reviews consider the evidence on conversion (i.e., willingness/intention, behaviour, retention, attrition). This rapid review provides a narrative synthesis of whole-blood donors' conversion to another SoHO, characteristics contributing to conversion, motives and deterrents, and interventions encouraging conversion. Sixty-five studies were reviewed. Most were cross-sectional and examined whole-blood donor conversion to organ (willingness/pledge for deceased donation), plasma or stem cell donation. Most examined conversion rather than characteristics contributing to conversion, motives, deterrents or interventions. Whole-blood donors appear willing to donate another SoHO, yet conversion rates are unclear. Besides self-efficacy, there is little consistency in reported characteristics of donors converting, and few theories applied to understand characteristics encouraging conversion. Intrinsic (altruism, self-esteem, curiosity) and extrinsic (perceived need, service experience, direct requests) motives and barriers (lifestyle, fearing reduced health) appear important and require further research. Interventions encouraging conversion need replication and may include in-person, in-centre approaches, raising awareness of the functional benefits of other SoHO (high need, usefulness), and developing promotional materials that pique donors' curiosity, invite questions, and encourage donor-initiated conversations about conversion. Centralising BCAs as a single business or partnering with other organisations appears mutually beneficial to encourage conversion and sustainable panels/resources. Research is needed to understand the impact of encouraging conversion on donors and organisations, and identify optimal management strategies for multi-SoHO donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Hyde
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Barbara M Masser
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, Australia
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5
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Veillette-Bourbeau L, Otis J, Lewin A, Godin G, Germain M, Daunais-Laurin G, Lalonde F, Caruso J, Myhal G, Pronovost F. Determinants of the intention to participate in a programme of plasma donation for fractionation among men who have sex with men. Vox Sang 2021; 116:1051-1059. [PMID: 33942322 PMCID: PMC9291483 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives Several approaches are currently under study to contribute to efforts to allow men who have sex with men (MSM) to donate blood. One of these approaches involves implementing a programme of plasma donation for fractionation, with a quarantine period. The goal of this article is to identify the determinants of intention to participate in the plasma donation programme among MSM in Montreal, Canada. Materials and methods Based on the theory of planned behaviour, a questionnaire was developed to measure MSM’s intention to donate plasma and identify influencing factors. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the determinants of intention to donate plasma. Results Respondents’ (N = 933) intention to donate plasma in the next six months was moderate. The multiple linear regression model explained 55% (P < 0·001) of the variation of intention. Intention was predicted by attitudes (β = 0·34, P < 0·001), perceived behavioural control (β = 0·28, P < 0·001), aged under 35 years (β = 0·26, P < 0·001), history of blood donation (β = 0·24, P < 0·001), subjective norm (β = 0·21, P < 0·001), income above $40,000 (β = 0·20, P < 0·001), moral norm (β = 0·18, P < 0·001) and higher level of involvement in various issues LGBTQ+ communities are fighting for (β = 0·09, P < 0·001). Conclusion Our analyses show that intention to donate plasma within the proposed programme is associated with personal, social and structural factors, but more strongly predicted by factors related to the theory of planned behaviour. Our results also highlight the importance of involving MSM; community acceptability of the plasma donation programme would probably be higher if MSM felt respected and party to the decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Otis
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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6
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Thijsen A, Davison TE, Speedy J, Hoad V, Masser B. Offering new and returned donors the option to give plasma: implications for donor retention and donor adverse events. Vox Sang 2020; 116:273-280. [PMID: 32702163 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In 2018, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood changed its plasmapheresis eligibility criteria to allow donors to donate plasma without the requirement of a prior successful whole blood donation. This study evaluated the impact of this policy change on donor retention and donor safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS All donors who had attempted to give their first plasma or whole blood donation from January to June 2018 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Donor characteristics and adverse events were analysed for this index donation, and the cohort was followed for 18 months to analyse time to return, subsequent donation frequency and predictors of return. RESULTS Male and younger donors provided a significantly greater proportion of first donation plasma than females and older donors. New donors who gave plasma had the highest rate of donor adverse events, including vasovagal reactions and phlebotomy injuries. Nevertheless, donor retention was not affected, with more new donors returning and at a greater subsequent donation frequency after a plasma donation compared to new donors donating whole blood. First-time plasma donors who had previously donated whole blood, however, had greater and quicker rates of return, and more subsequent donations. CONCLUSION Offering new donors the option to give plasma had a positive effect on donor return and subsequent donation frequency. Removing the requirement of a prior whole blood donation is a viable way to increase plasma collections although the combined effect of new donor status and plasmapheresis procedure on adverse event risk needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Thijsen
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tanya E Davison
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanna Speedy
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veronica Hoad
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Barbara Masser
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Thorpe R, Masser BM, Nguyen L, Gemelli CN, Davison TE. Bringing new plasma donors back: testing the efficacy of telephone and e‐mail communications with first‐time donors. Transfusion 2020; 60:1463-1469. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Thorpe
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service Donor Research Team Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Barbara M. Masser
- School of PsychologyUniversity of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Lilly Nguyen
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service Donor Research Team Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Carley N. Gemelli
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service Donor Research Team Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Tanya E. Davison
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service Donor Research Team Melbourne Victoria Australia
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8
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Pal A, Chua AY, Hoe-Lian Goh D. Debunking rumors on social media: The use of denials. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Charbonneau J, Cloutier M, Fainstein B. How do people become plasma and platelet donors in a VNR context? J Clin Apher 2017; 33:236-248. [PMID: 28841764 PMCID: PMC6099355 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background The demand for therapeutic plasma‐derived products poses a challenge to blood collection agencies (BCAs). In 2014–2015, the volume of plasma sent for fractionation met 17.7% of Quebec's needs for immunoglobulins. This article aims to offer an exploration of the paths blood donors follow in order to become plasma and platelet donors (PPDs). Study Design and Method This analysis is based on semi‐structured interviews with 50 PPDs in Quebec, Canada. Our analysis focused on the occurrence of events and the presence of contextual elements identified through: (1) factual data on PPDs; and (2) what PPDs identified as being an influence on their donation experience. This information was synthesized using a typology of trajectories. Results Six typical trajectories have been distinguished, first by the presence (19/50 respondents) or absence (31/50) of blood donation as a family tradition. Of the latter 31 donors, some pointed instead to inherited family values as having a significant influence on their commitment (11/31). Donors' careers were then distinguished as having started early (34) or late (16). Sub‐types then appeared with the addition of other contextual elements, motivation profiles, and circumstances under which the conversion to apheresis donation occurred. Conclusion Our findings suggest the existence of diversified donor trajectories, and confirm the importance of conducting more in‐depth analyses of the sequence of events occurring along PPDs career. BCAs should develop strategies carefully tailored to different potential clienteles if they wish to convert whole blood donors to apheresis donation, and also focus on recruiting and retaining young PPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Charbonneau
- INRS, Centre Urbanisation Culture Société385 Sherbrooke Street East, MontrealQCCanada H2X 1E3
| | - Marie‐Soleil Cloutier
- INRS, Centre Urbanisation Culture Société385 Sherbrooke Street East, MontrealQCCanada H2X 1E3
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10
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[Commitment in plasmapheresis donation: A study of determinants among regular donors in plasmapheresis]. Transfus Clin Biol 2017; 24:38-46. [PMID: 28336244 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study, based on the Theory of planned behavior, is to identify and ultimately better understand what determines the fidelity and the regularity of donors committed in plasmapheresis donation. This qualitative study is a primary stage to establish a classification of donors in a French socio-cultural context. For this reason, we have carried out a survey among 16 regular plasmapheresis donors, by way of semi-structured individual interviews at the Établissement français du sang - Brittany. The level of commitment of these regular donors is considered as a level of appropriation. If subjective norms have initially influenced their decision to donate blood, no specific motivation has been highlighted for them to donate plasma except a generally favourable attitude towards the voluntary donation process. The perception of control over their environment is a variable which played a decisive role in the donor's intention to give, with little cost associated to plasmapheresis donation and recourse to internal causal explanations. A better comprehension of the plasmapheresis donors' determinants should lead us to a more efficient awareness of new potential donors, thereby enhancing recruitment and retention. Due to the increasing need for plasma-derived products, this study's ultimate issue is closely correlated both with ethical and socio-economic aspects. Following which, after analysing the results, a certain number of recommendations will be made.
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Bagot KL, Masser BM, Starfelt LC, White KM. Building a flexible, voluntary donation panel: an exploration of donor willingness. Transfusion 2015; 56:186-94. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L. Bagot
- Public Health; the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
- Translational Public Health and Evaluation Division, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science; Monash University; Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Barbara M. Masser
- School of Psychology, McElwain Building; University of Queensland; St Lucia Queensland Australia
- Research & Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service
| | - Louise C. Starfelt
- School of Psychology and Counselling; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Katherine M. White
- School of Psychology and Counselling; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Queensland Australia
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12
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Motivational Differences between Whole Blood and Apheresis Donors in Quebec, Canada: A Questionnaire-Based Survey in a Voluntary Nonremunerated Context. JOURNAL OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION 2015; 2015:568259. [PMID: 26295006 PMCID: PMC4532863 DOI: 10.1155/2015/568259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Finding ways to recruit apheresis donors is crucial. The aim of this study was to provide a quantitative analysis of the motivations of regular plasma/platelets donors (PPDs) in comparison with those of regular whole blood donors (WBDs), in a voluntary and nonremunerated context. Study Design and Methods. Motives to donate blood and demographic characteristics were collected through questionnaires completed by 795 WBDs and 473 PPDs. Chi-square tests were completed to determine which motivations stand out across the two blood donor groups. Results. The motivator selected by the highest percentage was “my blood can save lives.” Comparison of WBDs and PPDs showed that 12 out of 23 items were statistically significantly different from one group to another. Conclusion. The belief that helping others is in their nature is more prevalent among PPDs. In this sense, their profile is unique. Four other motivators distinguish this group from the WBDs: “I think there is a strong need for blood products,” “it gives me a sense of pride,” “I like to have goals,” and “I receive telephone reminders.” These motivators point to the role the ongoing support provided by blood collection agencies (BCAs) plays with PPDs.
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