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Ventura-Enríquez Y, Casas-Guerrero A, Sánchez-Guzmán MDJ, Loyola-Cruz MÁ, Cruz-Cruz C, Nolasco-Rojas AE, Durán-Manuel EM, Blanco-Hernández DMR, Álvarez-Mora F, Ibáñez-Cervantes G, Cureño-Díaz MA, Bello-López JM, Fernández-Sánchez V. Plasma Photoinactivation of Bacterial Isolated from Blood Donors Skin: Potential of Security Barrier in Transfusional Therapy. Pathogens 2024; 13:577. [PMID: 39057804 PMCID: PMC11280016 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13070577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of skin bacteria capable of forming biofilm, exhibiting antibiotic resistance, and displaying virulence represents a significant challenge in the field of transfusion medicine. This underscores the necessity of enhancing the microbiological safety of blood and blood components against pathogens with virulent characteristics. The aim of this work was to demonstrate bacterial inactivation in plasma by using a photoinactivation method against virulent bacteria and to evaluate coagulation factors before and after treatment. Logarithmic loads of biofilm-producing, antibiotic-resistant, and virulent bacteria isolated from skin (Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella ozaenae, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) were used in artificial contamination assays of fresh frozen plasma bags and subjected to photoreduction. FVIII and FI activity were evaluated before and after photoinactivation. The photoinactivation of plasma was demonstrated to be an effective method for the elimination of these bacteria. However, the efficiency of this method was found to be dependent on the bacterial load and the type of test microorganism. Conversely, decay of coagulation factors was observed with net residual activities of 61 and 69% for FVIII and FI, respectively. The photoinactivation system could have a bias in its effectiveness that is dependent on the test pathogen. These findings highlight the importance of employing technologies that increase the safety of the recipient of blood and/or blood components, especially against virulent bacteria, and show the relevance of the role of photoinactivation systems as an option in transfusion practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Clemente Cruz-Cruz
- Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Andres Emmanuel Nolasco-Rojas
- Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Emilio Mariano Durán-Manuel
- Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | | | | | - Gabriela Ibáñez-Cervantes
- Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | | | | | - Verónica Fernández-Sánchez
- Banco de Sangre, Centro Médico Naval (CEMENAV), Mexico City 04470, Mexico
- Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala (FES-Iztacala), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 54090, Mexico
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Chen X, Ge S, Xiao P, Liu Y, Yu Y, Liu Y, Sun L, Yang L, Wang D. UV-stimulated riboflavin exerts immunosuppressive effects in BALB/c mice and human PBMCs. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116278. [PMID: 38401513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin (RF) as a photosensitizer has been used in corneal surgery and the inactivation of blood products. However, the effect of RF on immune cells after ultraviolet (UV) light stimulation has not been investigated. This study pioneered a novel application method of RF. Firstly, UV-stimulated RF was co-cultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro, and the apoptosis rate of lymphocyte subsets, cell proliferation inhibition rate and concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α were assessed. UV-stimulated RF was then administered intravenously to mice via the tail vein for a consecutive period of 5 days. The levels of immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA), complement (C3, C4) and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL17, TGF-β) were detected by ELISA. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the populations of CD3+T, CD4+T, CD8+T and CD4+T/CD8+T cells in spleen lymphocytes of mice. The data showed that UV-stimulated RF can effectively induce apoptosis in lymphocytes, and different lymphocyte subtypes exhibited varying degrees of treatment tolerance. Additionally, the proliferative capacity of lymphocytes was suppressed, while their cytokine secretion capability was augmented. The animal experiments demonstrated that UV-stimulated RF led to a significant reduction observed in serum immunoglobulin and complement levels, accompanied by an elevation in IFN-γ, IL-17 and TGF-β levels, as well as a decline in IL-4 level. In summary, the results of both in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that UV-stimulated RF, exhibits the ability to partially inhibit immune function. This novel approach utilizing RF may offer innovative perspectives for diseases requiring immunosuppressive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuang Ge
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Xiao
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Guang'an People's Hospital, Guang 'an, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Deqing Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Sánchez-Guzmán MDJ, Loyola-Cruz MÁ, López-Ornelas A, Cruz-Cruz C, Durán-Manuel EM, Bello-López JM. In situ and in vitro evaluation of two antiseptics for blood bank based on chlorhexidine gluconate/isopropyl alcohol and povidone-iodine. Transfus Apher Sci 2024; 63:103854. [PMID: 38061923 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2023.103854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor disinfection is the main cause of blood contamination, so its elimination is key to limiting the entry of bacteria into the collection system. With the advancement of antiseptic technology, antiseptics with sterile, disposable applicators are now available. AIM To evaluate in situ two antiseptics (with and without applicators) for blood banks and to demonstrate in vitro antiseptic activity on bacterial biofilms of importance in transfusion medicine. METHODS Antiseptic A (2% sterile solution of chlorhexidine gluconate/70% isopropyl alcohol provided with applicator) and bulk antiseptic B (10% povidone-iodine) were evaluated. The deferred blood donor arms were subjected to disinfection with antiseptics A and B and the contralateral arms were cultured to determine the baseline bacterial load (control). Antiseptic activity was assessed by ANOVA and logaritmic reduction values (LRV) and percentage reduction values (PRV) were calculated. Finally, the in vitro activity of antiseptic A was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) on biofilm models. RESULTS Prior to disinfection tests, commensal and clinically important bacteria were identified; antiseptic A showed post-disinfection bacterial growth rates of zero compared to controls (p < 0.0001). The frequency of bacterial growth with antiseptic B was 74%. A significant difference was identified between both antiseptics, where antiseptic A showed higher activity (p < 0.5468). LRV and PRV were 0.6-2.5/100% and 0.3-1.7/66.7-99.7% for antiseptics A and B, respectively. Through CLSM, disinfectant A (without applicator) showed lower in vitro antiseptic activity on the tested biofilms at the exposure times recommended by the manufacturer. CONCLUSIONS Sterile solution of chlorhexidine gluconate/isopropyl alcohol with applicator showed advantages disinfection in deferred blood donors over povidone-iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Jesús Sánchez-Guzmán
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Clemente Cruz-Cruz
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emilio Mariano Durán-Manuel
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Mexico City, Mexico
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Cardoso M, Ragan I, Hartson L, Goodrich RP. Emerging Pathogen Threats in Transfusion Medicine: Improving Safety and Confidence with Pathogen Reduction Technologies. Pathogens 2023; 12:911. [PMID: 37513758 PMCID: PMC10383627 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious disease threats are becoming more frequent due to various social, political, and geographical pressures, including increased human-animal contact, global trade, transportation, and changing climate conditions. Since blood products for transfusion are derived from donated blood from the general population, emerging agents spread by blood contact or the transfusion of blood products are also a potential risk. Blood transfusions are essential in treating patients with anemia, blood loss, and other medical conditions. However, these lifesaving procedures can contribute to infectious disease transmission, particularly to vulnerable populations. New methods have been implemented on a global basis for the prevention of transfusion transmissions via plasma, platelets, and whole blood products. Implementing proactive pathogen reduction methods may reduce the likelihood of disease transmission via blood transfusions, even for newly emerging agents whose transmissibility and susceptibility are still being evaluated as they emerge. In this review, we consider the Mirasol PRT system for blood safety, which is based on a photochemical method involving riboflavin and UV light. We provide examples of how emerging threats, such as Ebola, SARS-CoV-2, hepatitis E, mpox and other agents, have been evaluated in real time regarding effectiveness of this method in reducing the likelihood of disease transmission via transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Cardoso
- Terumo BCT, Inc., TERUMO Böood and Cell Technologies, Zaventem, 41 1930 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Izabela Ragan
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Lindsay Hartson
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Raymond P Goodrich
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
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Studien-Kommentar. TRANSFUSIONSMEDIZIN 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1977-2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Mittlerweile liegen die Ergebnisse von über 30 randomisierten Studien mit
insgesamt über 21000 behandelten Patienten zur Anwendung von
COVID-19-Rekonvaleszentenplasma (CCP) vor 1. Die
Ergebnisse sind weiterhin uneinheitlich und viele Fragen zum Einsatz von CCP sind
auch im dritten Jahr der Pandemie offen. Die heterogenen Ergebnisse lassen sich
teilweise auf Unterschiede der eingeschlossenen Patientenpopulationen und der
untersuchten Therapieschemata zurückführen. Studien mit negativem
Ausgang haben meist schwer kranke hospitalisierte Patienten eingeschlossen und die
Behandlung oft spät nach Diagnosestellung begonnen 1
2. Studien
mit positiven Ergebnis haben die Behandlung meist früh begonnen und
schlossen ambulante Patienten ein 1
2. Ein entscheidender Faktor für die
Wirksamkeit von CCP ist die Qualität der Plasmaprodukte, die in den Studien
ebenfalls sehr heterogen war. Eine große Bedeutung für die
Qualität hat die Höhe der anti-SARS-CoV-2-Antikörper 2.
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