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Alaby Pinheiro Faccioli L, Suhett Dias G, Hoff V, Lemos Dias M, Ferreira Pimentel C, Hochman-Mendez C, Braz Parente D, Labrunie E, Souza Mourão PA, Rogério de Oliveira Salvalaggio P, Goldberg AC, Campos de Carvalho AC, Dos Santos Goldenberg RC. Optimizing the Decellularized Porcine Liver Scaffold Protocol. Cells Tissues Organs 2022; 211:385-394. [PMID: 33040059 DOI: 10.1159/000510297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There are few existing methods for shortening the decellularization period for a human-sized whole-liver scaffold. Here, we describe a protocol that enables effective decellularization of the liver obtained from pigs weigh 120 ± 4.2 kg within 72 h. Porcine livers (approx. 1.5 kg) were decellularized for 3 days using a combination of chemical and enzymatic decellularization agents. After trypsin, sodium deoxycholate, and Triton X-100 perfusion, the porcine livers were completely translucent. Our protocol was efficient to promote cell removal, the preservation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and vascular tree integrity. In conclusion, our protocol is efficient to promote human-sized whole-liver scaffold decellularization and thus useful to generate bioengineered livers to overcome the shortage of organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanuza Alaby Pinheiro Faccioli
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Radiology Department, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Grazielle Suhett Dias
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Hoff
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marlon Lemos Dias
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cibele Ferreira Pimentel
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Daniella Braz Parente
- Radiology Department, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ester Labrunie
- Radiology Department, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Antonio Souza Mourão
- Connective Tissue Laboratory, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Anna Carla Goldberg
- Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Campos de Carvalho
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine - REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging - CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Regina Coeli Dos Santos Goldenberg
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
- Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine - REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
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2
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Abbasi Bavil E, Doyle MG, Debbaut C, Wald RM, Mertens L, Forbes TL, Amon CH. Calibration of an Electrical Analog Model of Liver Hemodynamics in Fontan Patients. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:1090593. [PMID: 33170219 DOI: 10.1115/1.4049075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fontan associated liver disease is a common complication in patients with Fontan circulation, who were born with a single functioning heart ventricle. The hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is used to assess liver health and is a surrogate measure of the pressure gradient across the entire liver (portal pressure gradient (PPG)). However, it is thought to be inaccurate in Fontan patients. The main objectives of this study were (1) to apply an existing detailed lumped parameter model (LPM) of the liver to Fontan patients using patient-specific clinical data and (2) to determine whether HVPG is a suitable measurement of PPGs in these patients. An existing LPM of the liver blood circulation was applied and tuned to simulate patient-specific liver hemodynamics. Geometries were collected from seven adult Fontan patients and used to evaluate model parameters. The model was solved and tuned using waveform measurements of flows, inlet and outlet pressures. The predicted ratio of portal to hepatic venous pressures is comparable to in vivo measurements. The results confirmed that HVPG is not suitable for Fontan patients, as it would underestimate the portal pressures gradient by a factor of 3 to 4. Our patient-specific liver model provides an estimate of the pressure drop across the liver, which differs from the clinically used metric HVPG. This work represents a first step toward models suitable to assess liver health in Fontan patients and improve its long-term management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyar Abbasi Bavil
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Matthew G Doyle
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada; Division of Vascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, Eaton North 6-222, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Charlotte Debbaut
- IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Campus UZ-Blok B-entrance 36, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Rachel M Wald
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre,Division of Cardiology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 5N-517, 585 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Luc Mertens
- The Labatt Family Heart Centre,Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Division of Cardiology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 5N-517, 585 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Thomas L Forbes
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, Eaton North 6-222, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Cristina H Amon
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
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Shin SK, Kaiser EE, West FD. Alcohol Induced Brain and Liver Damage: Advantages of a Porcine Alcohol Use Disorder Model. Front Physiol 2021; 11:592950. [PMID: 33488396 PMCID: PMC7818780 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.592950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is one of the most commonly abused intoxicants with 1 in 6 adults at risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the United States. As such, animal models have been extensively investigated with rodent AUD models being the most widely studied. However, inherent anatomical and physiological differences between rodents and humans pose a number of limitations in studying the complex nature of human AUD. For example, rodents differ from humans in that rodents metabolize alcohol rapidly and do not innately demonstrate voluntary alcohol consumption. Comparatively, pigs exhibit similar patterns observed in human AUD including voluntary alcohol consumption and intoxication behaviors, which are instrumental in establishing a more representative AUD model that could in turn delineate the risk factors involved in the development of this disorder. Pigs and humans also share anatomical similarities in the two major target organs of alcohol- the brain and liver. Pigs possess gyrencephalic brains with comparable cerebral white matter volumes to humans, thus enabling more representative evaluations of susceptibility and neural tissue damage in response to AUD. Furthermore, similarities in the liver result in a comparable rate of alcohol elimination as humans, thus enabling a more accurate extrapolation of dosage and intoxication level to humans. A porcine model of AUD possesses great translational potential that can significantly advance our current understanding of the complex development and continuance of AUD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo K Shin
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Erin E Kaiser
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Zhu W, Song R, Cao X, Zhou L, Wei Q, Ji H, Fu R. A comparison between the mechanical properties of the hepatic round ligament and the portal vein: a clinical implication on surgical reconstruction of the portal and superior mesenteric veins. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 23:981-986. [PMID: 32583688 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1780427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal malignant tumors originated from cancers, such as vater ampulla carcinoma (VAC) and pancreatic cancer (PC), often invades the portal vein (PV) and the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) upon metastasis. Surgical removal of these tumors leads to sacrifice of parts of these vessels that need to be reconstructed with autograft tissues. Current options for the replacement tissue all have their limitations in certain aspects. Therefore, improved interstitial material for the reconstruction with better tissue compatibility is urgently needed. In the present study, we explored the potential of hepatic round ligament (HRL) as a candidate tissue for the task from the biomechanical point of view. We reveal that HRL and PV share similar geometrical parameters in terms of vascular cavity diameter and wall thickness. In addition, they also have similar elastic properties and tissue flexibility and intensity upon increased cavity pressure. Our study strongly supports HRL as potential replacement tissue for PV reconstruction in term of mechanical properties and encourages further biological studies to be performed on these two tissues for further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Rongqiang Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Haibin Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Rongzhan Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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6
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Xu J, Bigelow TA, Davis G, Avendano A, Shrotriya P, Bergler K, Hu Z. Dependence of ablative ability of high-intensity focused ultrasound cavitation-based histotripsy on mechanical properties of agar. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 136:3018. [PMID: 25480051 DOI: 10.1121/1.4898426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cavitation-based histotripsy uses high-intensity focused ultrasound at low duty factor to create bubble clouds inside tissue to liquefy a region, and provides better fidelity to planned lesion coordinates and the ability to perform real-time monitoring. The goal of this study was to identify the most important mechanical properties for predicting lesion dimensions, among these three: Young's modulus, bending strength, and fracture toughness. Lesions were generated inside tissue-mimicking agar, and correlations were examined between the mechanical properties and the lesion dimensions, quantified by lesion volume and by the width and length of the equivalent bubble cluster. Histotripsy was applied to agar samples with varied properties. A cuboid of 4.5 mm width (lateral to focal plane) and 6 mm depth (along beam axis) was scanned in a raster pattern with respective step sizes of 0.75 and 3 mm. The exposure at each treatment location was either 15, 30, or 60 s. Results showed that only Young's modulus influenced histotripsy's ablative ability and was significantly correlated with lesion volume and bubble cluster dimensions. The other two properties had negligible effects on lesion formation. Also, exposure time differentially affected the width and depth of the bubble cluster volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Black Engineering Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Timothy A Bigelow
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Coover Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Gabriel Davis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Black Engineering Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Alex Avendano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Black Engineering Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Pranav Shrotriya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Black Engineering Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Kevin Bergler
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Black Engineering Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Coover Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011
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Akl TJ, Wilson MA, Ericson MN, Coté GL. Quantifying tissue mechanical properties using photoplethysmography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:2362-75. [PMID: 25071970 PMCID: PMC4102370 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.002362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive optical method that can be used to detect blood volume changes in the microvascular bed of tissue. The PPG signal comprises two components; a pulsatile waveform (AC) attributed to changes in the interrogated blood volume with each heartbeat, and a slowly varying baseline (DC) combining low frequency fluctuations mainly due to respiration and sympathetic nervous system activity. In this report, we investigate the AC pulsatile waveform of the PPG pulse for ultimate use in extracting information regarding the biomechanical properties of tissue and vasculature. By analyzing the rise time of the pulse in the diastole period, we show that PPG is capable of measuring changes in the Young's Modulus of tissue mimicking phantoms with a resolution of 4 KPa in the range of 12 to 61 KPa. In addition, the shape of the pulse can potentially be used to diagnose vascular complications by differentiating upstream from downstream complications. A Windkessel model was used to model changes in the biomechanical properties of the circulation and to test the proposed concept. The modeling data confirmed the response seen in vitro and showed the same trends in the PPG rise and fall times with changes in compliance and vascular resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J. Akl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5045 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3120, USA
| | - Mark A. Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University Dr. C-1w142, Pittsburgh, PA 15240 USA
| | - M. Nance Ericson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6006 USA
| | - Gerard L. Coté
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5045 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3120, USA
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Lilienberg E, Ebeling Barbier C, Nyman R, Hedeland M, Bondesson U, Axén N, Lennernäs H. Investigation of hepatobiliary disposition of doxorubicin following intrahepatic delivery of different dosage forms. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:131-44. [PMID: 24171458 DOI: 10.1021/mp4002574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unresectable, intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often treated palliatively in humans by doxorubicin (DOX). The drug is administered either as a drug-emulsified-in-Lipiodol (DLIP) or as drug loaded into drug eluting beads (DEB), and both formulations are administered intrahepatically. However, several aspects of their in vivo performance in the liver are still not well-understood. In this study, DLIP and DEB were investigated regarding the local and systemic pharmacokinetics (PK) of DOX and its primary metabolite doxorubicinol (DOXol). An advanced PK-multisampling site acute in vivo pig model was used for simultaneous sampling in the portal, hepatic, and femoral veins and the bile duct. The study had a randomized, parallel design with four treatment groups (TI-TIV). TI (n = 4) was used as control and received an intravenous (i.v.) infusion of DOX as a solution. TII and TIII were given a local injection in the hepatic artery with DLIP (n = 4) or DEB (n = 4), respectively. TIV (n = 2) received local injections of DLIP in the hepatic artery and bile duct simultaneously. All samples were analyzed for concentrations of DOX and DOXol with UPLC-MS/MS. Compared to DLIP, the systemic exposure for DOX with DEB was reduced (p < 0.05), in agreement with a slower in vivo release. The approximated intracellular bioavailability of DOX during 6 h appeared to be lower for DEB than DLIP. Following i.v. infusion (55 min), DOX had a liver extraction of 41 (28-53)%, and the fraction of the dose eliminated in bile of DOX and DOXol was 20 (15-22)% and 4.2 (3.2-5.2)%, respectively. The AUCbile/AUCVP for DOX and DOXol was 640 (580-660) and 5000 (3900-5400), respectively. In conclusion, DLIP might initially deliver a higher hepatocellular concentration of DOX than DEB as a consequence of its higher in vivo release rate. Thus, DLIP delivery results in higher intracellular peak concentrations that might correlate with better anticancer effects, but also higher systemic drug exposure and safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Lilienberg
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University , Box 580, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Li W, Zhang H, Li J, Dong R, Yao B, He X, Wang H, Song J. Comparison of Biomechanical Properties of Bile Duct Between Pigs and Humans for Liver Xenotransplant. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:741-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Akl TJ, Long R, McShane MJ, Ericson MN, Wilson MA, Coté GL. Optimizing probe design for an implantable perfusion and oxygenation sensor. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 2:2096-109. [PMID: 21833350 PMCID: PMC3149511 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to develop an implantable optical perfusion and oxygenation sensor, based on multiwavelength reflectance pulse oximetry, we investigate the effect of source-detector separation and other source-detector characteristics to optimize the sensor's signal to background ratio using Monte Carlo (MC) based simulations and in vitro phantom studies. Separations in the range 0.45 to 1.25 mm were found to be optimal in the case of a point source. The numerical aperture (NA) of the source had no effect on the collected signal while the widening of the source spatial profile caused a shift in the optimal source-detector separation. Specifically, for a 4.5 mm flat beam and a 2.4 mm × 2.5 mm photodetector, the optimal performance was found to be when the source and detector are adjacent to each other. These modeling results were confirmed by data collected from in vitro experiments on a liver phantom perfused with dye solutions mimicking the absorption properties of hemoglobin for different oxygenation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J. Akl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 337 Zachry Engineering Center, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3120, USA
| | - Ruiqi Long
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 337 Zachry Engineering Center, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3120, USA
| | - Michael J. McShane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 337 Zachry Engineering Center, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3120, USA
| | - M. Nance Ericson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6006, USA
| | - Mark A. Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, University Dr. C-1w142, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Gerard L. Coté
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 337 Zachry Engineering Center, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3120, USA
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