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Brabec J, Gauthier J, Selz OM, Knudsen R, Bilat J, Alvarez N, Seehausen O, Feulner PGD, Præbel K, Blasco-Costa I. Testing the radiation cascade in postglacial radiations of whitefish and their parasites: founder events and host ecology drive parasite evolution. Evol Lett 2024; 8:706-718. [PMID: 39328289 PMCID: PMC11424076 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qrae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal effects of adaptive radiations on the evolution of interspecific interactions, like parasitism, remain barely explored. We test whether the recent radiations of European whitefish (Coregonus spp.) across and within perialpine and subarctic lakes promote its parasite Proteocephalus fallax (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda) to undergo host repertoire expansion via opportunity and ecological fitting, or adaptive radiation by specialization. Using de novo genomic data, we examined P. fallax differentiation across lakes, within lakes across sympatric host species, and the contributions of host genetics versus host habitat use and trophic preferences. Whitefish intralake radiations prompted parasite host repertoire expansion in all lakes, whereas P. fallax differentiation remains incipient among sympatric fish hosts. Whitefish genetic differentiation per se did not explain the genetic differentiation among its parasite populations, ruling out codivergence with the host. Instead, incipient parasite differentiation was driven by whitefish phenotypic radiation in trophic preferences and habitat use in an arena of parasite opportunity and ecological fitting to utilize resources from emerging hosts. Whilst the whitefish radiation provides a substrate for the parasite to differentiate along the same water-depth ecological axis as Coregonus spp., the role of the intermediate hosts in parasite speciation may be overlooked. Parasite multiple-level ecological fitting to both fish and crustacean intermediate hosts resources may be responsible for parasite population substructure in Coregonus spp. We propose parasites' delayed arrival was key to the initial burst of postglacial intralake whitefish diversification, followed by opportunistic tapeworm host repertoire expansion and a delayed nonadaptive radiation cascade of incipient tapeworm differentiation. At the geographical scale, dispersal, founder events, and genetic drift following colonization of spatially heterogeneous landscapes drove strong parasite differentiation. We argue that these microevolutionary processes result in the mirroring of host-parasite phylogenies through phylogenetic tracking at macroevolutionary and geographical scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Brabec
- Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Parasitology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jérémy Gauthier
- Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oliver M Selz
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry (CEEB), Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Aquatic Restoration and Fisheries section, Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rune Knudsen
- Department of Arctic Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Julia Bilat
- Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadir Alvarez
- Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry (CEEB), Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philine G D Feulner
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry (CEEB), Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kim Præbel
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Science, Elverum, Norway
| | - Isabel Blasco-Costa
- Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Arctic Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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2
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Backenstose NJC, MacGuigan DJ, Osborne CA, Bernal MA, Thomas EK, Normandeau E, Yule DL, Stott W, Ackiss AS, Albert VA, Bernatchez L, Krabbenhoft TJ. Origin of the Laurentian Great Lakes fish fauna through upward adaptive radiation cascade prior to the Last Glacial Maximum. Commun Biol 2024; 7:978. [PMID: 39134631 PMCID: PMC11319351 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary histories of adaptive radiations can be marked by dramatic demographic fluctuations. However, the demographic histories of ecologically-linked co-diversifying lineages remain understudied. The Laurentian Great Lakes provide a unique system of two such radiations that are dispersed across depth gradients with a predator-prey relationship. We show that the North American Coregonus species complex ("ciscoes") radiated rapidly prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (80-90 kya), a globally warm period, followed by rapid expansion in population size. Similar patterns of demographic expansion were observed in the predator species, Lake Charr (Salvelinus namaycush), following a brief time lag, which we hypothesize was driven by predator-prey dynamics. Diversification of prey into deep water created ecological opportunities for the predators, facilitating their demographic expansion, which is consistent with an upward adaptive radiation cascade. This study provides a new timeline and environmental context for the origin of the Laurentian Great Lakes fish fauna, and firmly establishes this system as drivers of ecological diversification and rapid speciation through cyclical glaciation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel J MacGuigan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Moisés A Bernal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Eric Normandeau
- Plateforme de bio-informatique de l'IBIS (Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes), Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Daniel L Yule
- US Geological Survey, Lake Superior Biological Station, Great Lakes Science Center, Ashland, WI, USA
| | - Wendylee Stott
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N6, Canada
| | - Amanda S Ackiss
- US Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Victor A Albert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Trevor J Krabbenhoft
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- RENEW Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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3
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Závorka L, Blanco A, Chaguaceda F, Cucherousset J, Killen SS, Liénart C, Mathieu-Resuge M, Němec P, Pilecky M, Scharnweber K, Twining CW, Kainz MJ. The role of vital dietary biomolecules in eco-evo-devo dynamics. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:72-84. [PMID: 36182405 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The physiological dependence of animals on dietary intake of vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids is ubiquitous. Sharp differences in the availability of these vital dietary biomolecules among different resources mean that consumers must adopt a range of strategies to meet their physiological needs. We review the emerging work on omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, focusing predominantly on predator-prey interactions, to illustrate that trade-off between capacities to consume resources rich in vital biomolecules and internal synthesis capacity drives differences in phenotype and fitness of consumers. This can then feedback to impact ecosystem functioning. We outline how focus on vital dietary biomolecules in eco-eco-devo dynamics can improve our understanding of anthropogenic changes across multiple levels of biological organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Závorka
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria.
| | - Andreu Blanco
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, EcoCost, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Fernando Chaguaceda
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julien Cucherousset
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174 EDB), CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Shaun S Killen
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Camilla Liénart
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palménin tie 260, Hanko, 10900, Finland
| | - Margaux Mathieu-Resuge
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria; Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, 29280 Plouzané, Brittany, France; UMR DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), Ifremer, INRAE, Institut Agro, Plouzané, France
| | - Pavel Němec
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-12844 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Pilecky
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria; Danube University Krems, Dr. Karl Dorrek Straße 30, A-3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Kristin Scharnweber
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Cornelia W Twining
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria; Danube University Krems, Dr. Karl Dorrek Straße 30, A-3500 Krems, Austria
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4
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Hodge JR, Price SA. Biotic Interactions and the Future of Fishes on Coral Reefs: The Importance of Trait-Based Approaches. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:1734-1747. [PMID: 36138511 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotic interactions govern the structure and function of coral reef ecosystems. As environmental conditions change, reef-associated fish populations can persist by tracking their preferred niche or adapting to new conditions. Biotic interactions will affect how these responses proceed and whether they are successful. Yet, our understanding of these effects is currently limited. Ecological and evolutionary theories make explicit predictions about the effects of biotic interactions, but many remain untested. Here, we argue that large-scale functional trait datasets enable us to investigate how biotic interactions have shaped the assembly of contemporary reef fish communities and the evolution of species within them, thus improving our ability to predict future changes. Importantly, the effects of biotic interactions on these processes have occurred simultaneously within dynamic environments. Functional traits provide a means to integrate the effects of both ecological and evolutionary processes, as well as a way to overcome some of the challenges of studying biotic interactions. Moreover, functional trait data can enhance predictive modeling of future reef fish distributions and evolvability. We hope that our vision for an integrative approach, focused on quantifying functionally relevant traits and how they mediate biotic interactions in different environmental contexts, will catalyze new research on the future of reef fishes in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Hodge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Samantha A Price
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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5
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Abstract
The fungus Rhizopus microsporus harbors a bacterial endosymbiont (Mycetohabitans rhizoxinica) for the production of the antimitotic toxin rhizoxin. Although rhizoxin is the causative agent of rice seedling blight, the toxinogenic bacterial-fungal alliance is, not restricted to the plant disease. It has been detected in numerous environmental isolates from geographically distinct sites covering all five continents, thus raising questions regarding the ecological role of rhizoxin beyond rice seedling blight. Here, we show that rhizoxin serves the fungal host in fending off protozoan and metazoan predators. Fluorescence microscopy and coculture experiments with the fungivorous amoeba Protostelium aurantium revealed that ingestion of R. microsporus spores is toxic to P. aurantium. This amoebicidal effect is caused by the dominant bacterial rhizoxin congener rhizoxin S2, which is also lethal toward the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. By combining stereomicroscopy, automated image analysis, and quantification of nematode movement, we show that the fungivorous nematode Aphelenchus avenae actively feeds on R. microsporus that is lacking endosymbionts, whereas worms coincubated with symbiotic R. microsporus are significantly less lively. This study uncovers an unexpected ecological role of rhizoxin as shield against micropredators. This finding suggests that predators may function as an evolutionary driving force to maintain toxin-producing endosymbionts in nonpathogenic fungi.
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6
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Chaparro‐Pedraza PC, Roth G, Seehausen O. The enrichment paradox in adaptive radiations: Emergence of predators hinders diversification in resource rich environments. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:802-813. [PMID: 35032146 PMCID: PMC9303570 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive radiations are known for rapid niche diversification in response to ecological opportunity. While most resources usually exist prior to adaptive radiation, novel niches associated with novel resources can be created as a clade diversifies. For example, in African lake cichlid radiations some species prey upon other species of the clade (intraclade consumers). Using a trait-based eco-evolutionary model, we investigate the evolution of intraclade consumers in adaptive radiations and the effect of this novel trophic interaction on the diversification process of the radiating clade. We find that the evolutionary emergence of intraclade consumers halts the diversification processes of other ecomorphs as a result of increased top-down control of density. Because high productivity enables earlier evolution of intraclade consumers, highly productive environments come to harbour less species-rich radiations than comparable radiations in less productive environments. Our results reveal how macroevolutionary and community patterns can emerge from ecological and microevolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Catalina Chaparro‐Pedraza
- Aquatic Ecology and EvolutionInstitute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and EvolutionSwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG)KastanienbaumSwitzerland
- Department Systems Analysis, Integrated Assessment and ModellingSwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG)DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Gregory Roth
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Aquatic Ecology and EvolutionInstitute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and EvolutionSwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG)KastanienbaumSwitzerland
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7
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Improving Natural Enemy Selection in Biological Control through Greater Attention to Chemical Ecology and Host-Associated Differentiation of Target Arthropod Pests. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020160. [PMID: 35206733 PMCID: PMC8877252 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Host-associated differentiation (HAD) refers to cases in which genetically distinct populations of a species (e.g., herbivores or natural enemies) preferentially reproduce or feed on different host species. In agroecosystems, HAD often results in unique strains or biotypes of pest species, each attacking different species of crops. However, HAD is not restricted to pest populations, and may cascade to the third trophic level, affecting host selection by natural enemies, and ultimately leading to HAD within natural enemy species. Natural enemy HAD may affect the outcomes of biological control efforts, whether classical, conservation, or augmentative. Here, we explore the potential effects of pest and natural enemy HAD on biological control in agroecosystems, with emphases on current knowledge gaps and implications of HAD for selection of biological control agents. Additionally, given the importance of semiochemicals in mediating interactions between trophic levels, we emphasize the role of chemical ecology in interactions between pests and natural enemies, and suggest areas of consideration for biological control. Overall, we aim to jump-start a conversation concerning the relevance of HAD in biological control by reviewing currently available information on natural enemy HAD, identifying challenges to incorporating HAD considerations into biological control efforts, and proposing future research directions on natural enemy selection and HAD.
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8
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Velzen E, Gaedke U, Klauschies T. Quantifying the capacity for contemporary trait changes to drive intermittent predator‐prey cycles. ECOL MONOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Velzen
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2 Potsdam Germany
| | - Ursula Gaedke
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2 Potsdam Germany
| | - Toni Klauschies
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2 Potsdam Germany
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9
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Matsubayashi KW, Yamaguchi R. The speciation view: Disentangling multiple causes of adaptive and nonadaptive radiation in terms of speciation. POPUL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-390x.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei W. Matsubayashi
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University Nishi‐ku Motooka 744 Fukuoka Kyushu Japan
| | - Ryo Yamaguchi
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Kagawa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Miyagi Japan
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11
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Levin B, Simonov E, Franchini P, Mugue N, Golubtsov A, Meyer A. Rapid adaptive radiation in a hillstream cyprinid fish in the East African White Nile River basin. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:5530-5550. [PMID: 34409661 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive radiation of freshwater fishes was long thought to be possible only in lacustrine environments. Recently, several studies have shown that riverine and stream environments also provide the ecological opportunity for adaptive radiation. In this study, we report on a riverine adaptive radiation of six ecomorphs of cyprinid hillstream fishes of the genus Garra in a river located in the Ethiopian Highlands in East Africa. Garra are predominantly highly specialized algae-scrapers with a wide distribution ranging from Southeast Asia to West Africa. However, adaptive phenotypic diversification in mouth type, sucking disc morphology, gut length and body shape have probably been found among these ecomorphs in a single Ethiopian river. Moreover, we found two novel phenotypes of Garra ("thick-lipped" and "predatory") that had not been discovered before in this species-rich genus (>160 species). Mitochondrial and genome-wide data suggest monophyletic, intrabasin evolution of Garra phenotypic diversity with signatures of gene flow from other local populations. Although sympatric ecomorphs are genetically distinct and can be considered to being young species as suggested by genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data, mitochondrial DNA was unable to identify any genetic structure suggesting recent and rapid speciation events. Some data suggest a hybrid origin of the novel "thick-lipped" ecomorph. Here we highlight how, driven by ecological opportunity, an ancestral trophically highly specialized lineage is likely to have rapidly radiated in a riverine environment promoted by the evolution of novel feeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Levin
- Papanin Institute of Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia.,Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Cherepovets State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Simonov
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Paolo Franchini
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nikolai Mugue
- Koltzov Institute for Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Golubtsov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Axel Meyer
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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12
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Pontarp M. Ecological opportunity and upward prey-predator radiation cascades. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10484. [PMID: 32591632 PMCID: PMC7320021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A general goal in community ecology and evolutionary biology is to understand how diversity has arisen. In our attempts to reach such goals we become increasingly aware of interacting ecological and evolutionary processes shaping biodiversity. Ecological opportunity and adaptive radiations can, for example, drive diversification in competitive communities but little is known about how such processes propagate through trophic levels in adaptive radiation cascades. I use an eco-evolutionary model of trait-based ecological interactions and micro-evolutionary processes to investigate the macro-evolutionary aspects of predator diversification in such cascades. Prey diversification facilitates predator radiation through predator feeding opportunity and disruptive selection. Predator radiation, however, often disconnects from the prey radiation as the diversification progresses. Only when predators have an intermediate niche width, high predatory efficiency, and high evolutionary potential can radiation cascades be maintained over macro-evolutionary time scales. These results provide expectations for predator response to prey divergence and insight into eco-evolutionary feedbacks between trophic levels. Such expectations are crucial for future studies that aim for a better understanding of how diversity is generated and maintained in complex communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Pontarp
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.
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13
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Nürk NM, Linder HP, Onstein RE, Larcombe MJ, Hughes CE, Piñeiro Fernández L, Schlüter PM, Valente L, Beierkuhnlein C, Cutts V, Donoghue MJ, Edwards EJ, Field R, Flantua SGA, Higgins SI, Jentsch A, Liede‐Schumann S, Pirie MD. Diversification in evolutionary arenas-Assessment and synthesis. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:6163-6182. [PMID: 32607221 PMCID: PMC7319112 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how and why rates of evolutionary diversification vary is a key issue in evolutionary biology, ecology, and biogeography. Evolutionary rates are the net result of interacting processes summarized under concepts such as adaptive radiation and evolutionary stasis. Here, we review the central concepts in the evolutionary diversification literature and synthesize these into a simple, general framework for studying rates of diversification and quantifying their underlying dynamics, which can be applied across clades and regions, and across spatial and temporal scales. Our framework describes the diversification rate (d) as a function of the abiotic environment (a), the biotic environment (b), and clade-specific phenotypes or traits (c); thus, d ~ a,b,c. We refer to the four components (a-d) and their interactions collectively as the "Evolutionary Arena." We outline analytical approaches to this framework and present a case study on conifers, for which we parameterize the general model. We also discuss three conceptual examples: the Lupinus radiation in the Andes in the context of emerging ecological opportunity and fluctuating connectivity due to climatic oscillations; oceanic island radiations in the context of island formation and erosion; and biotically driven radiations of the Mediterranean orchid genus Ophrys. The results of the conifer case study are consistent with the long-standing scenario that low competition and high rates of niche evolution promote diversification. The conceptual examples illustrate how using the synthetic Evolutionary Arena framework helps to identify and structure future directions for research on evolutionary radiations. In this way, the Evolutionary Arena framework promotes a more general understanding of variation in evolutionary rates by making quantitative results comparable between case studies, thereby allowing new syntheses of evolutionary and ecological processes to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai M. Nürk
- Department of Plant SystematicsBayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - H. Peter Linder
- Department of Systematic & Evolutionary BotanyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Renske E. Onstein
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | | | - Colin E. Hughes
- Department of Systematic & Evolutionary BotanyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Laura Piñeiro Fernández
- Department of Systematic & Evolutionary BotanyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of BotanyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | | | - Luis Valente
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterUnderstanding Evolution GroupLeidenThe Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Carl Beierkuhnlein
- Department of BiogeographyBayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Vanessa Cutts
- School of GeographyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Michael J. Donoghue
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Erika J. Edwards
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Richard Field
- School of GeographyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | | | | | - Anke Jentsch
- Department of Disturbance EcologyBayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Sigrid Liede‐Schumann
- Department of Plant SystematicsBayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Michael D. Pirie
- Johannes Gutenberg‐UniversitätMainzGermany
- University MuseumUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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14
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Thibert-Plante X, Præbel K, Østbye K, Kahilainen KK, Amundsen PA, Gavrilets S. Using mathematical modelling to investigate the adaptive divergence of whitefish in Fennoscandia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7394. [PMID: 32355195 PMCID: PMC7193591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern speciation theory has greatly benefited from a variety of simple mathematical models focusing on the conditions and patterns of speciation and diversification in the presence of gene flow. Unfortunately the application of general theoretical concepts and tools to specific ecological systems remains a challenge. Here we apply modeling tools to better understand adaptive divergence of whitefish during the postglacial period in lakes of northern Fennoscandia. These lakes harbor up to three different morphs associated with the three major lake habitats: littoral, pelagic, and profundal. Using large-scale individual-based simulations, we aim to identify factors required for in situ emergence of the pelagic and profundal morphs in lakes initially colonized by the littoral morph. The importance of some of the factors we identify and study - sufficiently large levels of initial genetic variation, size- and habitat-specific mating, sufficiently large carrying capacity of the new niche - is already well recognized. In addition, our model also points to two other factors that have been largely disregarded in theoretical studies: fitness-dependent dispersal and strong predation in the ancestral niche coupled with the lack of it in the new niche(s). We use our theoretical results to speculate about the process of diversification of whitefish in Fennoscandia and to identify potentially profitable directions for future empirical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Præbel
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Kjartan Østbye
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Campus Evenstad, Anne Evenstadsvei 80, NO-2480, Koppang, Norway.,Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kimmo K Kahilainen
- Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, Pääjärventie 320, FI-16900, Lammi, Finland
| | - Per-Arne Amundsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sergey Gavrilets
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Mathematics, National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS), Center for the Dynamics of Social Complexity (DySoC), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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16
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Gillespie RG, Bennett GM, De Meester L, Feder JL, Fleischer RC, Harmon LJ, Hendry AP, Knope ML, Mallet J, Martin C, Parent CE, Patton AH, Pfennig KS, Rubinoff D, Schluter D, Seehausen O, Shaw KL, Stacy E, Stervander M, Stroud JT, Wagner C, Wogan GOU. Comparing Adaptive Radiations Across Space, Time, and Taxa. J Hered 2020; 111:1-20. [PMID: 31958131 PMCID: PMC7931853 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive radiation plays a fundamental role in our understanding of the evolutionary process. However, the concept has provoked strong and differing opinions concerning its definition and nature among researchers studying a wide diversity of systems. Here, we take a broad view of what constitutes an adaptive radiation, and seek to find commonalities among disparate examples, ranging from plants to invertebrate and vertebrate animals, and remote islands to lakes and continents, to better understand processes shared across adaptive radiations. We surveyed many groups to evaluate factors considered important in a large variety of species radiations. In each of these studies, ecological opportunity of some form is identified as a prerequisite for adaptive radiation. However, evolvability, which can be enhanced by hybridization between distantly related species, may play a role in seeding entire radiations. Within radiations, the processes that lead to speciation depend largely on (1) whether the primary drivers of ecological shifts are (a) external to the membership of the radiation itself (mostly divergent or disruptive ecological selection) or (b) due to competition within the radiation membership (interactions among members) subsequent to reproductive isolation in similar environments, and (2) the extent and timing of admixture. These differences translate into different patterns of species accumulation and subsequent patterns of diversity across an adaptive radiation. Adaptive radiations occur in an extraordinary diversity of different ways, and continue to provide rich data for a better understanding of the diversification of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary G Gillespie
- University of California, Berkeley, Essig Museum of Entomology & Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Berkeley, CA
| | - Gordon M Bennett
- University of California Merced, Life and Environmental Sciences Unit, Merced, CA
| | - Luc De Meester
- University of Leuven, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Leuven, Belguim
| | - Jeffrey L Feder
- University of Notre Dame, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Robert C Fleischer
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC
| | - Luke J Harmon
- University of Idaho, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Moscow, ID
| | | | | | | | - Christopher Martin
- University of California Berkeley, Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley, CA
| | | | - Austin H Patton
- Washington State University, School of Biological Sciences, Pullman, WA
| | - Karin S Pfennig
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biology, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Daniel Rubinoff
- University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, Honolulu, HI
| | | | - Ole Seehausen
- Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, BE, Switzerland
- Center for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag, Kastanienbaum, LU, Switzerland
| | - Kerry L Shaw
- Cornell University, Neurobiology and Behavior, Tower Road,, Ithaca, NY
| | - Elizabeth Stacy
- University of Nevada Las Vegas, School of Life Sciences, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Martin Stervander
- University of Oregon, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Eugene, OR
| | - James T Stroud
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Biology, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | - Guinevere O U Wogan
- University of California Berkeley, Environmental Science Policy, and Management, Berkeley, CA
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17
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Meier JI, Stelkens RB, Joyce DA, Mwaiko S, Phiri N, Schliewen UK, Selz OM, Wagner CE, Katongo C, Seehausen O. The coincidence of ecological opportunity with hybridization explains rapid adaptive radiation in Lake Mweru cichlid fishes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5391. [PMID: 31796733 PMCID: PMC6890737 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of adaptive radiation was classically hypothesized to require isolation of a lineage from its source (no gene flow) and from related species (no competition). Alternatively, hybridization between species may generate genetic variation that facilitates adaptive radiation. Here we study haplochromine cichlid assemblages in two African Great Lakes to test these hypotheses. Greater biotic isolation (fewer lineages) predicts fewer constraints by competition and hence more ecological opportunity in Lake Bangweulu, whereas opportunity for hybridization predicts increased genetic potential in Lake Mweru. In Lake Bangweulu, we find no evidence for hybridization but also no adaptive radiation. We show that the Bangweulu lineages also colonized Lake Mweru, where they hybridized with Congolese lineages and then underwent multiple adaptive radiations that are strikingly complementary in ecology and morphology. Our data suggest that the presence of several related lineages does not necessarily prevent adaptive radiation, although it constrains the trajectories of morphological diversification. It might instead facilitate adaptive radiation when hybridization generates genetic variation, without which radiation may start much later, progress more slowly or never occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana I Meier
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstr. 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry (CEEB), Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
- St John's College, University of Cambridge, St John's Street, Cambridge, CB2 1TP, UK
| | - Rike B Stelkens
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstr. 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry (CEEB), Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Division of Population Genetics, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 18 B, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Domino A Joyce
- Evolutionary and Ecological Genomics Group, Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Salome Mwaiko
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstr. 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry (CEEB), Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Numel Phiri
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ulrich K Schliewen
- SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstrasse 21, 81247, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver M Selz
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstr. 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry (CEEB), Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Catherine E Wagner
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstr. 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry (CEEB), Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Cyprian Katongo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstr. 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry (CEEB), Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.
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18
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Fryxell DC, Wood ZT, Robinson R, Kinnison MT, Palkovacs EP. Eco-evolutionary feedbacks link prey adaptation to predator performance. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20190626. [PMID: 31744415 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eco-evolutionary feedbacks may determine the outcome of predator-prey interactions in nature, but little work has been done to quantify the feedback effect of short-term prey adaptation on predator performance. We tested the effects of prey availability and recent (less than 100 years) prey adaptation on the feeding and growth rate of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), foraging on western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). Field surveys showed higher densities and larger average body sizes of mosquitofish in recently introduced populations without bass. Over a six-week mesocosm experiment, bass were presented with either a high or low availability of mosquitofish prey from recently established populations either naive or experienced with bass. Naive mosquitofish were larger, less cryptic and more vulnerable to bass predation compared to their experienced counterparts. Bass consumed more naive prey, grew more quickly with naive prey, and grew more quickly per unit biomass of naive prey consumed. The effect of mosquitofish history with the bass on bass growth was similar in magnitude to the effect of mosquitofish availability. In showing that recently derived predation-related prey phenotypes strongly affect predator performance, this study supports the presence of reciprocal predator-prey trait feedbacks in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Fryxell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.,School of Environment, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zachary T Wood
- School of Biology and Ecology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences Program, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Rebecca Robinson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Michael T Kinnison
- School of Biology and Ecology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences Program, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Eric P Palkovacs
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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MARTIN CHRISTOPHERH, RICHARDS EMILIEJ. The paradox behind the pattern of rapid adaptive radiation: how can the speciation process sustain itself through an early burst? ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS 2019; 50:569-593. [PMID: 36237480 PMCID: PMC9555815 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Rapid adaptive radiation poses a distinct question apart from speciation and adaptation: what happens after one speciation event? That is, how are some lineages able to continue speciating through a rapid burst? This question connects global macroevolutionary patterns to microevolutionary processes. Here we review major features of rapid radiations in nature and their mismatch with theoretical models and what is currently known about speciation mechanisms. Rapid radiations occur on three major diversification axes - species richness, phenotypic disparity, and ecological diversity - with exceptional outliers on each axis. The paradox is that the hallmark early stage of adaptive radiation, a rapid burst of speciation and niche diversification, is contradicted by most existing speciation models which instead predict continuously decelerating speciation rates and niche subdivision through time. Furthermore, while speciation mechanisms such as magic traits, phenotype matching, and physical linkage of co-adapted alleles promote speciation, it is often not discussed how these mechanisms could promote multiple speciation events in rapid succession. Additional mechanisms beyond ecological opportunity are needed to understand how rapid radiations occur. We review the evidence for five emerging theories: 1) the 'transporter' hypothesis: introgression and the ancient origins of adaptive alleles, 2) the 'signal complexity' hypothesis: the dimensionality of sexual traits, 3) the connectivity of fitness landscapes, 4) 'diversity begets diversity', and 5) flexible stem/'plasticity first'. We propose new questions and predictions to guide future work on the mechanisms underlying the rare origins of rapid radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- CHRISTOPHER H. MARTIN
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - EMILIE J. RICHARDS
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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20
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Rennison DJ, Rudman SM, Schluter D. Genetics of adaptation: Experimental test of a biotic mechanism driving divergence in traits and genes. Evol Lett 2019; 3:513-520. [PMID: 31636943 PMCID: PMC6791182 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The genes underlying adaptations are becoming known, yet the causes of selection on genes-a key step in the study of the genetics of adaptation-remains uncertain. We address this issue experimentally in a threespine stickleback species pair showing exaggerated divergence in bony defensive armor in association with competition-driven character displacement. We used semi-natural ponds to test the role of a native predator in causing divergent evolution of armor and two known underlying genes. Predator presence/absence altered selection on dorsal spines and allele frequencies at the Msx2a gene across a generation. Evolutionary trajectories of alleles at a second gene, Pitx1, and the pelvic spine trait it controls, were more variable. Our experiment demonstrates how manipulation of putative selective agents helps to identify causes of evolutionary divergence at key genes, rule out phenotypic plasticity as a sole determinant of phenotypic differences, and eliminate reliance on fitness surrogates. Divergence of predation regimes in sympatric stickleback is associated with coevolution in response to resource competition, implying a cascade of biotic interactions driving species divergence. We suggest that as divergence proceeds, an increasing number of biotic interactions generate divergent selection, causing more evolution in turn. In this way, biotic adaptation perpetuates species divergence through time during adaptive radiation in an expanding number of traits and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J. Rennison
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Institute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Seth M. Rudman
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania19104
| | - Dolph Schluter
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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21
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Predator-Prey Interactions in the Anthropocene: Reconciling Multiple Aspects of Novelty. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:616-627. [PMID: 30902358 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ecological novelty, when conditions deviate from a historical baseline, is increasingly common as humans modify habitats and communities across the globe. Our ability to anticipate how novelty changes predator-prey interactions will likely hinge upon the explicit evaluation of multiple forms of novelty, rather than a focus on single forms of novelty (e.g., invasive predators or climate change). We provide a framework to assess how multiple forms of novelty can act, alone or in concert, on components shared by all predator-prey interactions (the predation sequence). Considering how novelty acts throughout the predation sequence could improve our understanding of predator-prey interactions in an increasingly novel world, identify important knowledge gaps, and guide conservation decisions in the Anthropocene.
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22
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Hood GR, Zhang L, Hu EG, Ott JR, Egan SP. Cascading reproductive isolation: Plant phenology drives temporal isolation among populations of a host‐specific herbivore. Evolution 2019; 73:554-568. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen R. Hood
- Department of BiosciencesAnderson Biological LaboratoriesRice University Houston Texas 77005
- Department of Biological SciencesWayne State University Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Linyi Zhang
- Department of BiosciencesAnderson Biological LaboratoriesRice University Houston Texas 77005
| | - Elaine G. Hu
- Department of BiosciencesAnderson Biological LaboratoriesRice University Houston Texas 77005
| | - James R. Ott
- Population and Conservation Biology ProgramDepartment of BiologyTexas State University San Marcos Texas 78666
| | - Scott P. Egan
- Department of BiosciencesAnderson Biological LaboratoriesRice University Houston Texas 77005
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23
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Reef fish functional traits evolve fastest at trophic extremes. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 3:191-199. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Voskarides K, Christaki E, Nikolopoulos GK. Influenza Virus-Host Co-evolution. A Predator-Prey Relationship? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2017. [PMID: 30245689 PMCID: PMC6137132 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus continues to cause yearly seasonal epidemics worldwide and periodically pandemics. Although influenza virus infection and its epidemiology have been extensively studied, a new pandemic is likely. One of the reasons influenza virus causes epidemics is its ability to constantly antigenically transform through genetic diversification. However, host immune defense mechanisms also have the potential to evolve during short or longer periods of evolutionary time. In this mini-review, we describe the evolutionary procedures related with influenza viruses and their hosts, under the prism of a predator-prey relationship.
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25
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Bracewell RR, Vanderpool D, Good JM, Six DL. Cascading speciation among mutualists and antagonists in a tree-beetle-fungi interaction. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.0694. [PMID: 30051849 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cascading speciation is predicted to occur when multiple interacting species diverge in parallel as a result of divergence in one species promoting adaptive differentiation in other species. However, there are few examples where ecological interactions among taxa have been shown to result in speciation that cascades across multiple trophic levels. Here, we test for cascading speciation occurring among the western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis), its primary host tree (Pinus ponderosa), and the beetle's fungal mutualists (Ceratocystiopsis brevicomi and Entomocorticium sp. B). We assembled genomes for the beetle and a fungal symbiont and then generated reduced representation genomic data (RADseq) from range-wide samples of these three interacting species. Combined with published data for the host tree, we present clear evidence that the tree, the beetle, and the fungal symbionts are all genetically structured into at least two distinct groups that have strongly codiverged with geographical isolation. We then combine our genomic results with diverse population and laboratory-based data to show evidence for reproductive isolation at each level of the cascade and for coevolution of both antagonistic and mutualistic species interactions within this complex network.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Bracewell
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, The University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - D Vanderpool
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - J M Good
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - D L Six
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, The University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, USA
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