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Zhang Z, Gao B, Zhao C, Long C, Qi H, Ezzelarab M, Cooper DK, Hara H. The impact of serum incubation time on IgM/IgG binding to porcine aortic endothelial cells. Xenotransplantation 2017; 24. [PMID: 28547819 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The results of the assay for measuring anti-non-Gal antibodies (which affect pig xenograft survival) in recipients are important. Serum incubation time and concentration may be important factors in the extent of antibody binding to the graft. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the optimal incubation time and serum concentration for measuring anti-non-Gal antibody binding to porcine aortic endothelial cells (pAECs). Pooled human, naive, and sensitized baboon sera were incubated with wild-type, α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout (GTKO), and GTKO/human CD55 pAECs. IgM/IgG binding to pAECs after varying serum incubation times (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 hour) and concentrations (5, 10, 20, and 40 μL) was determined by flow cytometry. An increase in incubation time from 30 minutes to 2 hour was associated with increases in anti-non-Gal IgM/IgG binding to GTKO and GTKO/hCD55 pAECs of pooled human, naive and sensitized baboon sera (P<.05). Pooled human serum showed a significant increase in anti-non-Gal IgM (1.5 times) and a minimal increase in anti-non-Gal IgG antibody binding. IgM/IgG binding of sensitized baboon serum to GTKO pAECs after 2-hour incubation was 1.5 times and 2 times greater than after 30-minutes incubation, respectively, whereas naïve baboon sera showed minimal (non-significant) increase in anti-non-Gal IgM/IgG antibody binding. With 2-hour incubation, increasing the serum concentration from 5 μL to 20 μL significantly increased antibody binding to non-Gal antigens in pooled human and sensitized baboon serum. With naïve baboon serum, only IgG was significantly increased. Increasing the serum incubation time contributed to improve the sensitivity of detecting anti-non-Gal antibodies, without affecting cell viability in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiang Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplantation and General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, China.,Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Bingsi Gao
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Chengjiang Zhao
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cassandra Long
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Haizhi Qi
- Department of Organ Transplantation and General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Mohamed Ezzelarab
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - David Kc Cooper
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Hidetaka Hara
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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Saleh SM, Parhar RS, Al-Hejailan RS, Bakheet RH, Khaleel HS, Khalak HG, Halees AS, Zaidi MZ, Meyer BF, Yung GP, Seebach JD, Conca W, Khabar KS, Collison KS, Al-Mohanna FA. Identification of the tetraspanin CD82 as a new barrier to xenotransplantation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2796-805. [PMID: 23872050 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Significant immunological obstacles are to be negotiated before xenotransplantation becomes a clinical reality. An initial rejection of transplanted vascularized xenograft is attributed to Galα1,3Galβ1,4GlcNAc-R (Galα1,3-Gal)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Hitherto, no receptor molecule has been identified that could account for Galα1,3-Gal-independent rejection. In this study, we identify the tetraspanin CD82 as a receptor molecule for the Galα1,3-Gal-independent mechanism. We demonstrate that, in contrast to human undifferentiated myeloid cell lines, differentiated cell lines are capable of recognizing xenogeneic porcine aortic endothelial cells in a calcium-dependent manner. Transcriptome-wide analysis to identify the differentially expressed transcripts in these cells revealed that the most likely candidate of the Galα1,3-Gal-independent recognition moiety is the tetraspanin CD82. Abs to CD82 inhibited the calcium response and the subsequent activation invoked by xenogeneic encounter. Our data identify CD82 on innate immune cells as a major "xenogenicity sensor" and open new avenues of intervention to making xenotransplantation a clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad M Saleh
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang C, Wang L, Zhong S, Wang XX, Xiang Y, Chen S, Chen G. Over-expression of heme oxygenase-1 does not protect porcine endothelial cells from human xenoantibodies and complement-mediated lysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 33:102-106. [PMID: 23392716 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-013-1079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Accommodated organs can survive in the presence of anti-organ antibodies and complement. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is essential to ensure accommodation in concordant xenotransplant models. However, whether induction of HO-1 over-expression could protect porcine endothelial cells (PECs) against human xenoantibodies and complement-mediated lysis and induce an in vitro accommodation is still unknown. The SV40-immortalized porcine aorta-derived endothelial cell line (iPEC) was pre-incubated with 20, 50, or 80 μmol/L of cobalt-protoporphyrins IX (CoPPIX) for 24 h, and the HO-1 expression in iPECs was analyzed by using Western blotting. CoPPIX-treated or untreated iPECs were incubated with normal human AB sera, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) was measured by both flow cytometry and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. In vitro treatment with CoPPIX significantly increased the expression of HO-1 in iPECs in a dose-dependent manner. Over-expression of HO-1 was successfully achieved by incubation of iPECs with either 50 or 80 μmol/L of CoPPIX. However, HO-1 over-expression did not show any protective effects on iPECs against normal human sera-mediated cell lysis. In conclusion, induction of HO-1 over-expression alone is not enough to protect PECs from human xenoantibodies and complement-mediated humoral injury. Additionally, use of other protective strategies is needed to achieve accommodation in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Urology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Yeom HJ, Koo OJ, Yang J, Cho B, Hwang JI, Park SJ, Hurh S, Kim H, Lee EM, Ro H, Kang JT, Kim SJ, Won JK, O'Connell PJ, Kim H, Surh CD, Lee BC, Ahn C. Generation and characterization of human heme oxygenase-1 transgenic pigs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46646. [PMID: 23071605 PMCID: PMC3465346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenotransplantation using transgenic pigs as an organ source is a promising strategy to overcome shortage of human organ for transplantation. Various genetic modifications have been tried to ameliorate xenograft rejection. In the present study we assessed effect of transgenic expression of human heme oxygenase-1 (hHO-1), an inducible protein capable of cytoprotection by scavenging reactive oxygen species and preventing apoptosis caused by cellular stress during inflammatory processes, in neonatal porcine islet-like cluster cells (NPCCs). Transduction of NPCCs with adenovirus containing hHO-1 gene significantly reduced apoptosis compared with the GFP-expressing adenovirus control after treatment with either hydrogen peroxide or hTNF-α and cycloheximide. These protective effects were diminished by co-treatment of hHO-1 antagonist, Zinc protoporphyrin IX. We also generated transgenic pigs expressing hHO-1 and analyzed expression and function of the transgene. Human HO-1 was expressed in most tissues, including the heart, kidney, lung, pancreas, spleen and skin, however, expression levels and patterns of the hHO-1 gene are not consistent in each organ. We isolate fibroblast from transgenic pigs to analyze protective effect of the hHO-1. As expected, fibroblasts derived from the hHO-1 transgenic pigs were significantly resistant to both hydrogen peroxide damage and hTNF-α and cycloheximide-mediated apoptosis when compared with wild-type fibroblasts. Furthermore, induction of RANTES in response to hTNF-α or LPS was significantly decreased in fibroblasts obtained from the hHO-1 transgenic pigs. These findings suggest that transgenic expression of hHO-1 can protect xenografts when exposed to oxidative stresses, especially from ischemia/reperfusion injury, and/or acute rejection mediated by cytokines. Accordingly, hHO-1 could be an important candidate molecule in a multi-transgenic pig strategy for xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Yeom
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok Jae Koo
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Designed Animal Resource Center and Biotransplant Research Institute, Seoul National University Green-Bio Research Complex, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bumrae Cho
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Ik Hwang
- Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of G Protein Coupled Receptors, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sol Ji Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Hurh
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwajung Kim
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Ro
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Taek Kang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Won
- Molecular Pathology Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Philip J. O'Connell
- The Center for Transplant Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hyunil Kim
- Optifarm Solution Inc., Seonggeo-eup, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Charles D. Surh
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Byeong-Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Designed Animal Resource Center and Biotransplant Research Institute, Seoul National University Green-Bio Research Complex, Gangwon-do, Korea
- * E-mail: (AC); (B-CL)
| | - Curie Ahn
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Designed Animal Resource Center and Biotransplant Research Institute, Seoul National University Green-Bio Research Complex, Gangwon-do, Korea
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (AC); (B-CL)
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Yin Z, Wang L, Xiang Y, Ruan Y, Li J, Wang X, Ichim TE, Chen S, Chen G. Resistance of neonatal porcine Sertoli cells to human xenoantibody and complement-mediated lysis is associated with low expression of alpha-Gal and high production of clusterin and CD59. Xenotransplantation 2010; 17:215-23. [PMID: 20636542 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2010.00581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine Sertoli cells have an inherent resistance to human xenoreactive antibody and complement-mediated lysis, however, the mechanisms of protection are still unclear. METHODS Neonatal porcine Sertoli cells (NPSCs) were isolated from testes of 10 to 15-day-old piglets. Immortalized porcine aortic endothelial cells (iPECs) were used as control cells. An in vitro humoral injury model was used to assess whether NPSCs could resist human xenoantibody and complement-mediated lysis. Expressions of alpha-Gal, clusterin, CD59, CD46, and CD55 were examined to investigate the possible mechanisms of the immunoprotection of NPSCs. RESULTS Compared with iPECs, NPSCs significantly resisted human natural antibody and complement-mediated lysis when incubated with 20% normal human serum (NHS) in vitro (24.38 +/- 0.50 vs. 53.13 +/- 14.53%, P < 0.01). Mechanistically, NPSCs expressed lower level of alpha-Gal (Gmean: 41.78 +/- 2.39 vs. 95.17 +/- 2.39, P < 0.01), which was correlated with decreased binding of human xenoreactive IgG and IgM. Additionally, NPSCs expressed higher level of clusterin measured by both Western blot and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis and expressed more CD59 mRNA detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that the resistance of NPSCs to human xenoantibody and complement-mediated lysis is associated with low expression of xenoantigen alpha-Gal and high production of the complement inhibitors clusterin and CD59.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuzeng Yin
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in heme catabolism that converts heme to Fe++, carbon monoxide and biliverdin. HO-1 acts anti-inflammatory and modulates apoptosis in many pathological conditions. In transplantation, HO-1 is overexpressed in organs during brain death, when undergoing ischemic damage and rejection. However, intentionally induced, it ameliorates pathological processes like ischemia reperfusion injury, allograft, xenograft or islet rejection, facilitates donor specific tolerance and alleviates chronic allograft changes. We herein consistently summarize the huge amount of data on HO-1 and transplantation that have been generated in multiple laboratories during the last 15years and suggest possible clinical implications and applications for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Öllinger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2010; 15:254-61. [PMID: 20351662 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e328337a8db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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