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Han JP, Lee JH, Lee GS, Koo OJ, Yeom SC. Positive Correlation between nNOS and Stress-Activated Bowel Motility Is Confirmed by In Vivo HiBiT System. Cells 2021; 10:1028. [PMID: 33925396 PMCID: PMC8145384 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has various roles as a neurotransmitter. However, studies to date have produced insufficient data to fully support the correlation between nNOS and bowel motility. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between nNOS expression and gastrointestinal (GI) tract motility using a stress-induced neonatal maternal separation (NMS) mouse model. In this study, we generated a genetically modified mouse with the HiBiT sequence knock-in into the nNOS gene using CRISPR/Cas9 for analyzing accurate nNOS expression. nNOS expression was measured in the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, adrenal gland, and hypothalamus tissues after establishing the NMS model. The NMS model exhibited a significant increase in nNOS expression in large intestine, adrenal gland, and hypothalamus. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between whole gastrointestinal transit time and the expression level of nNOS. We reasoned that NMS induced chronic stress and consequent nNOS activation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and led to an excessive increase in intestinal motility in the lower GI tract. These results demonstrated that HiBiT is a sensitive and valuable tool for analyzing in vivo gene activation, and nNOS could be a biomarker of the HPA axis-linked lower intestinal tract dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Pil Han
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Green, Institute of Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Green, Institute of Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Geon Seong Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Green, Institute of Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Ok Jae Koo
- Toolgen Inc., Gasan Digital-ro, Geumcheon, Seoul 08594, Korea
| | - Su Cheong Yeom
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Green, Institute of Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanank, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Lee S, Jung MH, Song K, Jin JX, Taweechaipaisankul A, Kim GA, Oh HJ, Koo OJ, Park SC, Lee BC. Correction to: Failure to maintain full-term pregnancies in pig carrying klotho monoallelic knockout fetuses. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:10. [PMID: 33530936 PMCID: PMC7852367 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kilyoung Song
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Xue Jin
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Anukul Taweechaipaisankul
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon A Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Oh
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee S, Jung MH, Song K, Jin JX, Taweechaipaisankul A, Kim GA, Oh HJ, Koo OJ, Park SC, Lee BC. Failure to maintain full-term pregnancies in pig carrying klotho monoallelic knockout fetuses. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:1. [PMID: 33413301 PMCID: PMC7791653 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00660-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small animals that show a deficiency in klotho exhibit extremely shortened life span with multiple aging-like phenotypes. However, limited information is available on the function of klotho in large animals such as pigs. Results In an attempt to produce klotho knockout pigs, an sgRNA specific for klotho (targeting exon 3) was designed and Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoproteins were transfected into porcine fibroblasts. Transfected fibroblasts were cultured for one to 2 days and then directly used for nuclear transfer without selection. The cloned embryos were cultured in vitro for 7 days and analyzed to detect modifications of the klotho gene by both T7E1 and deep sequencing analysis. Modification succeeded in 13 of 20 blastocysts (65%), 8 of which (40.0%) were monoallelic modifications and 5 (25.0%) were biallelic modifications. Based on high mutation rates in blastocysts, we transferred the cloned embryos to 5 recipient pigs; 1 recipient was pregnant and 16 fetuses were recovered at Day 28 post transfer. Of the 16 fetuses, 9 were resorbing and 7 were viable. Four of 9 (44.4%) resorbing fetuses and 3 of the 7 (42.9%) viable fetuses had monoallelic modifications. Thus, 3 klotho monoallelic knockout cell lines were established by primary culture. A total of 2088 cloned embryos reconstructed with 2 frame-shifted cell lines were transferred to 11 synchronized recipients. Of the recipients, 7 of 11 eleven (63.6%) became pregnant. However, none of the pregnancies was maintained to term. To discover why klotho monoallelic knockout fetuses were aborted, expression of aging- and apoptosis-related genes and klotho protein in placentas from klotho monoallelic knockout and wild-type fetuses was investigated. Placentas from klotho monoallelic knockout fetuses showed negatively changed expression of aging- and apoptosis-related genes with lower relative expression of klotho protein. These results indicated that the reason why klotho monoallelic knockout fetuses were not maintained to term was possibly due to decreased klotho expression in placentas, negatively affecting aging- and apoptosis-related genes. Conclusions Klotho monoallelic knockout porcine fetal fibroblasts were successfully established. However, pigs carrying klotho monoallelic knockout fetuses failed to maintain full-term pregnancy and a decrease in klotho expression in placenta likely leads to pregnancy loss. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12896-020-00660-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kilyoung Song
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Xue Jin
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Anukul Taweechaipaisankul
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon A Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Oh
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JY, Jang YJ, Bae JH, Lee YH, Bae HS, Kim S, Park SG, Koo OJ, Yeom SC. Efficient and specific generation of knockout mice using Campylobacter jejuni CRISPR/Cas9 system. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 22:100752. [PMID: 32258440 PMCID: PMC7118303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPR/Cas9 (SpCas9) system is now widely utilized to generate genome engineered mice; however, some studies raised issues related to off-target mutations with this system. Herein, we utilized the Campylobacter jejuni Cas9 (CjCas9) system to generate knockout mice. We designed sgRNAs targeting mouse Tyr or Foxn1 and microinjected into zygotes along with CjCas9 mRNA. We obtained newborn mice from the microinjected embryos and confirmed that 50% (Tyr) and 38.5% (Foxn1) of the newborn mice have biallelic mutation on the intended target sequences, indicating efficient genome targeting by CjCas9. In addition, we analyzed off-target mutations in founder mutant mice by targeted deep sequencing and whole genome sequencing. Both analyses revealed no off-target mutations at potential off-target sites predicted in silico and no unexpected random mutations in analyzed founder animals. In conclusion, the CjCas9 system can be utilized to generate genome edited mice in a precise manner. Generate genetically engineered mice using the Campylobacter jejuni Cas9 (CjCas9) system. CjCas9 showed reasonably high biallelic InDel mutation rate (up to 50%) in newborn mice. CjCas9 system showed relatively higher specificity compared to SpCas9 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Lee
- Toolgen Inc, Gasan Digital-Ro, Geumcheon, 08594, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Jang
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, Kangwon, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Bae
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, Kangwon, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hoo Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, Kangwon, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sook Bae
- Toolgen Inc, Gasan Digital-Ro, Geumcheon, 08594, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjoong Kim
- Toolgen Inc, Gasan Digital-Ro, Geumcheon, 08594, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Gi Park
- TheragenEtex Bio Institute, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Jae Koo
- Toolgen Inc, Gasan Digital-Ro, Geumcheon, 08594, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Cheong Yeom
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, Kangwon, 25354, Republic of Korea
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Chang YJ, Bae J, Zhao Y, Lee G, Han J, Lee YH, Koo OJ, Seo S, Choi YK, Yeom SC. In vivo multiplex gene targeting with Streptococcus pyogens and Campylobacter jejuni Cas9 for pancreatic cancer modeling in wild-type animal. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e26. [PMID: 32233134 PMCID: PMC7113579 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a lethal cancer type that is associated with multiple gene mutations in somatic cells. Genetically engineered mouse is hardly applicable for developing a pancreatic cancer model, and the xenograft model poses a limitation in the reflection of early stage pancreatic cancer. Thus, in vivo somatic cell gene engineering with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats is drawing increasing attention for generating an animal model of pancreatic cancer. In this study, we selected Kras, Trp53, Ink4a, Smad4, and Brca2 as target genes, and applied Campylobacter jejuni Cas9 (CjCas9) and Streptococcus pyogens Cas9 (SpCas9) for developing pancreatic cancer using adeno associated virus (AAV) transduction. After confirming multifocal and diffuse transduction of AAV2, we generated SpCas9 overexpression mice, which exhibited high double-strand DNA breakage (DSB) in target genes and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions with two AAV transductions; however, wild-type (WT) mice with three AAV transductions did not develop PanIN. Furthermore, small-sized Cjcas9 was applied to WT mice with two AAV system, which, in addition, developed high extensive DSB and PanIN lesions. Histological changes and expression of cancer markers such as Ki67, cytokeratin, Mucin5a, alpha smooth muscle actin in duct and islet cells were observed. In addition, the study revealed several findings such as 1) multiple DSB potential of AAV-CjCas9, 2) peri-ductal lymphocyte infiltration, 3) multi-focal cancer marker expression, and 4) requirement of > 12 months for initiation of PanIN in AAV mediated targeting. In this study, we present a useful tool for in vivo cancer modeling that would be applicable for other disease models as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Chang
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jihyeon Bae
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Yang Zhao
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Geonseong Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Jeongpil Han
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Yoon Hoo Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | | | - Sunmin Seo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Yang Kyu Choi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Su Cheong Yeom
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
- Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute, Greenbio Research and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea.
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Jang DE, Lee JY, Lee JH, Koo OJ, Bae HS, Jung MH, Bae JH, Hwang WS, Chang YJ, Lee YH, Lee HW, Yeom SC. Multiple sgRNAs with overlapping sequences enhance CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in efficiency. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-9. [PMID: 29622782 PMCID: PMC5938013 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system is widely applied in genome engineering due to its simplicity and versatility. Although this has revolutionized genome-editing technology, knockin animal generation via homology directed repair (HDR) is not as efficient as nonhomologous end-joining DNA-repair-dependent knockout. Although its double-strand break activity may vary, Cas9 derived from Streptococcus pyogenens allows robust design of single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) within the target sequence; However, prescreening for different sgRNA activities delays the process of transgenic animal generation. To overcome this limitation, multiple sets of different sgRNAs were examined for their knockin efficiency. We discovered profound advantages associated with single-stranded oligo-donor-mediated HDR processes using overlapping sgRNAs (sharing at least five base pairs of the target sites) as compared with using non-overlapping sgRNAs for knock-in mouse generation. Studies utilizing cell lines revealed shorter sequence deletions near target mutations using overlapping sgRNAs as compared with those observed using non-overlapping sgRNAs, which may favor the HDR process. Using this simple method, we successfully generated several transgenic mouse lines harboring loxP insertions or single-nucleotide substitutions with a highly efficiency of 18-38%. Our results demonstrate a simple and efficient method for generating transgenic animals harboring foreign-sequence knockins or short-nucleotide substitutions by the use of overlapping sgRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Eun Jang
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, Kangwon, 25354, Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Toolgen Inc., Gasan Digital-Ro, Geumcheon, Seoul, 08594, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, and Yonsei Laboratory Animal Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ok Jae Koo
- Toolgen Inc., Gasan Digital-Ro, Geumcheon, Seoul, 08594, Korea
| | - Hee Sook Bae
- Toolgen Inc., Gasan Digital-Ro, Geumcheon, Seoul, 08594, Korea
| | - Min Hee Jung
- Toolgen Inc., Gasan Digital-Ro, Geumcheon, Seoul, 08594, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Bae
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, Kangwon, 25354, Korea
| | - Woo Sung Hwang
- Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute, Greenbio Research and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, Gangwon, 25354, Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Chang
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, Kangwon, 25354, Korea
| | - Yoon Hoo Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, Kangwon, 25354, Korea
| | - Han Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, and Yonsei Laboratory Animal Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Su Cheong Yeom
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, Kangwon, 25354, Korea.
- Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute, Greenbio Research and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, Gangwon, 25354, Korea.
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Lee JS, Chang EH, Koo OJ, Jwa DH, Mo WM, Kwak G, Moon HW, Park HT, Hong YB, Choi BO. Pmp22 mutant allele-specific siRNA alleviates demyelinating neuropathic phenotype in vivo. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 100:99-107. [PMID: 28108290 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a genetic disorder that can be caused by aberrations in >80 genes. CMT has heterogeneous modes of inheritance, including autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, and X-linked recessive. Over 95% of cases are dominantly inherited. In this study, we investigated whether regulation of a mutant allele by an allele-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) can alleviate the demyelinating neuropathic phenotype of CMT. We designed 19 different allele-specific siRNAs for Trembler J (Tr-J) mice harboring a naturally occurring mutation (Leu16Pro) in Pmp22. Using a luciferase assay, we identified an siRNA that specifically and selectively reduced the expression level of the mutant allele and reversed the low viability of Schwann cells caused by mutant Pmp22 over-expression in vitro. The in vivo efficacy of the allele-specific siRNA was assessed by its intraperitoneal injection to postnatal day 6 of Tr-J mice. Administration of the allele-specific siRNA to Tr-J mice significantly enhanced motor function and muscle volume, as assessed by the rotarod test and magnetic resonance imaging analysis, respectively. Increases in motor nerve conduction velocity and compound muscle action potentials were also observed in the treated mice. In addition, myelination, as evidenced by toluidine blue staining and electron microscopy, was augmented in the sciatic nerves of the mice after allele-specific siRNA treatment. After validating suppression of the Pmp22 mutant allele at the mRNA level in the Schwann cells of Tr-J mice, we observed increased expression levels of myelinating proteins such as myelin basic protein and myelin protein zero. These data indicate that selective suppression of the Pmp22 mutant allele by non-viral delivery of siRNA alleviates the demyelinating neuropathic phenotypes of CMT in vivo, implicating allele-specific siRNA treatment as a potent therapeutic strategy for dominantly inherited peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Su Lee
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hyuk Chang
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Jae Koo
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Jwa
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Min Mo
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Kwak
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Won Moon
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bin Hong
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Park EJ, Koo OJ, Lee BC. Overexpressed human heme Oxygenase-1 decreases adipogenesis in pigs and porcine adipose-derived stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:935-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Koo OJ, Ha SK, Park SJ, Park HJ, Kim SJ, Kwon D, Kang JT, Moon JH, Park EJ, Jang G, Lee BC. Intrapancreatic ectopic splenic tissue found in a cloned miniature pig. J Vet Sci 2015; 16:241-4. [PMID: 25643801 PMCID: PMC4483510 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.2.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a cost-effective technique for producing transgenic pigs. However, abnormalities in the cloned pigs might prevent use these animals for clinical applications or disease modeling. In the present study, we generated several cloned pigs. One of the pigs was found to have intrapancreatic ectopic splenic tissue during histopathology analysis although this animal was grossly normal and genetically identical to the other cloned pigs. Ectopic splenic tissue in the pancreas is very rare, especially in animals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such report for cloned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Jae Koo
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Kwon D, Saadeldin IM, Kim SJ, Park SJ, Kang JT, Park HJ, Moon JH, Koo OJ, Jang G, Lee BC. Optimizing electrical activation of porcine oocytes by adjusting pre- and post-activation mannitol exposure times. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:995-9. [PMID: 25256295 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Modifying electrical activation conditions have been used to improve in vitro embryo production and development in pigs. However, there is insufficient information about correlations of porcine embryo development with oocyte pre- and post-activation conditions. The purpose of this study was to compare the developmental rates of porcine oocytes subjected to different mannitol exposure times, either pre- or post-electrical activation, and to elucidate the reason for the optimal mannitol exposure time. Mannitol exposure times around activation were adjusted as 0, 1, 2 or 3 min. Blastocyst development were checked on day 7. Exposure of oocytes to mannitol for 1 or 2 min before electrical activation produced significantly higher blastocyst rates than exposure for 0 or 3 min. There was no significant difference in blastocyst rates when activated oocytes were exposed to mannitol for 0, 1, 2 or 3 min after electrical activation. While exposure of oocytes to mannitol for 1 min pre- and 3 min post-activation showed significantly higher blastocyst development than 0 min pre- and 0 min post-activation. It also showed higher maintenance of normal oocyte morphology than exposure for 0 min pre- and 0 min post-activation. In conclusion, exposure of oocytes to mannitol for 1 min pre- and 3 min post-activation seems to be optimal for producing higher in vitro blastocyst development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos. The higher blastocyst development is correlated with higher maintenance of normal morphology in oocytes exposed to mannitol for 1 min pre- and 3 min post-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kwon
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Koo OJ, Park SJ, Lee C, Kang JT, Kim S, Moon JH, Choi JY, Kim H, Jang G, Kim JS, Kim S, Lee BC. Production of Mutated Porcine Embryos Using Zinc Finger Nucleases and a Reporter-based Cell Enrichment System. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:324-9. [PMID: 25049958 PMCID: PMC4093273 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate the construction of genetically-modified pigs, we produced cloned embryos derived from porcine fibroblasts transfected with a pair of engineered zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) plasmids to create targeted mutations and enriched using a reporter plasmid system. The reporter expresses RFP and eGFP simultaneously when ZFN-mediated site-specific mutations occur. Thus, double positive cells (RFP+/eGFP+) were selected and used for somatic cell nuclear transfer. Two types of reporter based enrichment systems were used in this study; the cloned embryos derived from cells enriched using a magnetic sorting-based system showed better developmental competence than did those derived from cells enriched by flow cytometry. Mutated sequences, such as insertions, deletions, or substitutions, together with the wild-type sequence, were found in the cloned porcine blastocysts. Therefore, genetic mutations can be achieved in cloned porcine embryos reconstructed with ZFN-treated cells that were enriched by a reporter-based system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Jae Koo
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Korea
| | - Sol Ji Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Choongil Lee
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jung Taek Kang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Joon Ho Moon
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Ji Yei Choi
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Goo Jang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea . ; Emergence Center for Food-Medicine Personalized Therapy System, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Gyeonggi-do 443-270, Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | | | - Byeong-Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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12
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Park SJ, Cho B, Koo OJ, Kim H, Kang JT, Hurh S, Kim SJ, Yeom HJ, Moon J, Lee EM, Choi JY, Hong JH, Jang G, Hwang JI, Yang J, Lee BC, Ahn C. Production and characterization of soluble human TNFRI-Fc and human HO-1(HMOX1) transgenic pigs by using the F2A peptide. Transgenic Res 2014; 23:407-19. [PMID: 24497084 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-013-9780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Generation of transgenic pigs for xenotransplantation is one of the most promising technologies for resolving organ shortages. Human heme oxygenase-1 (hHO-1/HMOX1) can protect transplanted organs by its strong anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Soluble human TNFRI-Fc (shTNFRI-Fc) can inhibit the binding of human TNF-α (hTNF-α) to TNF receptors on porcine cells, and thereby, prevent hTNF-α-mediated inflammation and apoptosis. Herein, we successfully generated shTNFRI-Fc-F2A-HA-hHO-1 transgenic (TG) pigs expressing both shTNFRI-Fc and hemagglutinin-tagged-human heme oxygenase-1 (HA-hHO-1) by using an F2A self-cleaving peptide. shTNFRI-Fc and HA-hHO-1 transgenes containing the F2A peptide were constructed under the control of the CAG promoter. Transgene insertion and copy number in the genome of transgenic pigs was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analysis. Expressions of shTNFRI-Fc and HA-hHO-1 in TG pigs were confirmed using PCR, RT-PCR, western blot, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. shTNFRI-Fc and HA-hHO-1 were expressed in various organs, including the heart, lung, and spleen. ELISA assays detected shTNFRI-Fc in the sera of TG pigs. For functional analysis, fibroblasts isolated from a shTNFRI-Fc-F2A-HA-hHO-1 TG pig (i.e., #14; 1 × 10(5) cells) were cultured with hTNF-α (20 ng/mL) and cycloheximide (10 μg/mL). The viability of shTNFRI-Fc-F2A-HA-hHO-1 TG pig fibroblasts was significantly higher than that of the wild type (wild type vs. shTNFRI-Fc-F2A-HA-hHO-1 TG at 24 h, 31.6 ± 3.2 vs. 60.4 ± 8.3 %, respectively; p < 0.05). Caspase-3/-7 activity of the shTNFRI-Fc-F2A-HA-hHO-1 TG pig fibroblasts was lower than that of the wild type pig fibroblasts (wild type vs. shTNFRI-Fc-F2A-HA-hHO-1 TG at 12 h, 812,452 ± 113,078 RLU vs. 88,240 ± 10,438 RLU, respectively; p < 0.05). These results show that shTNFRI-Fc and HA-hHO-1 TG pigs generated by the F2A self-cleaving peptide express both shTNFRI-Fc and HA-hHO-1 molecules, which provides protection against oxidative and inflammatory injury. Utilization of the F2A self-cleaving peptide is a promising tool for generating multiple TG pigs for xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Ji Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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13
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Lee Han K, Thomas SV, Koo OJ, Koontz SM, Malech HL, Kang E. Nonmyeloablative Conditioning Regimen Plus A2AR Agonist Oral Administration Promote Engraftment On Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation Mouse Model. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Saadeldin IM, Koo OJ, Kang JT, Kwon DK, Park SJ, Kim SJ, Moon JH, Oh HJ, Jang G, Lee BC. Paradoxical effects of kisspeptin: it enhances oocyte in vitro maturation but has an adverse impact on hatched blastocysts during in vitro culture. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 24:656-68. [PMID: 22697116 DOI: 10.1071/rd11118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin (Kp) is best known as a multifunctional peptide with roles in reproduction, the cardiovascular system and cancer. In the present study the expression of kisspeptin hierarchy elements (KISS1, GNRH1 and LHB) and their receptors (KISS1R, GNRHR and LHCGR, respectively) in porcine ovary and in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were investigated, as were its effects on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes and their subsequent ability to sustain preimplantation embryo competence after parthenogenetic electrical activation. Kp system elements were expressed and affected IVM of oocytes when maturation medium was supplemented with 10(-6)M Kp. Oocyte maturation, maternal gene expression (MOS, GDF9 and BMP15), blastocyst formation rate, blastocyst hatching and blastocyst total cell count were all significantly increased when oocytes were matured in medium containing Kp compared with the control group (without Kp). A Kp antagonist (p234) at 4×10(-6)M interfered with this hierarchy but did not influence the threshold effect of gonadotrophins on oocyte maturation. FSH was critical and permissive to Kp action on COCs by increasing the relative expression of KISS1R. In contrast, Kp significantly increased apoptosis, the expression of pro-apoptotic gene, BAK1, and suppressed trophoblast outgrowths from hatched blastocysts cultured on feeder cells. The present study provides the first functional evidence of the Kp hierarchy in porcine COCs and its role in enhancing oocyte maturation and subsequent developmental competence in an autocrine-paracrine manner. However, Kp supplementation may have a harmful impact on cultured hatched blastocysts reflecting systemic or local regulation during the critical early period of embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Saadeldin
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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15
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Yeom HJ, Koo OJ, Yang J, Cho B, Hwang JI, Park SJ, Hurh S, Kim H, Lee EM, Ro H, Kang JT, Kim SJ, Won JK, O'Connell PJ, Kim H, Surh CD, Lee BC, Ahn C. Generation and characterization of human heme oxygenase-1 transgenic pigs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46646. [PMID: 23071605 PMCID: PMC3465346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenotransplantation using transgenic pigs as an organ source is a promising strategy to overcome shortage of human organ for transplantation. Various genetic modifications have been tried to ameliorate xenograft rejection. In the present study we assessed effect of transgenic expression of human heme oxygenase-1 (hHO-1), an inducible protein capable of cytoprotection by scavenging reactive oxygen species and preventing apoptosis caused by cellular stress during inflammatory processes, in neonatal porcine islet-like cluster cells (NPCCs). Transduction of NPCCs with adenovirus containing hHO-1 gene significantly reduced apoptosis compared with the GFP-expressing adenovirus control after treatment with either hydrogen peroxide or hTNF-α and cycloheximide. These protective effects were diminished by co-treatment of hHO-1 antagonist, Zinc protoporphyrin IX. We also generated transgenic pigs expressing hHO-1 and analyzed expression and function of the transgene. Human HO-1 was expressed in most tissues, including the heart, kidney, lung, pancreas, spleen and skin, however, expression levels and patterns of the hHO-1 gene are not consistent in each organ. We isolate fibroblast from transgenic pigs to analyze protective effect of the hHO-1. As expected, fibroblasts derived from the hHO-1 transgenic pigs were significantly resistant to both hydrogen peroxide damage and hTNF-α and cycloheximide-mediated apoptosis when compared with wild-type fibroblasts. Furthermore, induction of RANTES in response to hTNF-α or LPS was significantly decreased in fibroblasts obtained from the hHO-1 transgenic pigs. These findings suggest that transgenic expression of hHO-1 can protect xenografts when exposed to oxidative stresses, especially from ischemia/reperfusion injury, and/or acute rejection mediated by cytokines. Accordingly, hHO-1 could be an important candidate molecule in a multi-transgenic pig strategy for xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Yeom
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok Jae Koo
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Designed Animal Resource Center and Biotransplant Research Institute, Seoul National University Green-Bio Research Complex, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bumrae Cho
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Ik Hwang
- Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of G Protein Coupled Receptors, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sol Ji Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Hurh
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwajung Kim
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Ro
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Taek Kang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Won
- Molecular Pathology Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Philip J. O'Connell
- The Center for Transplant Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hyunil Kim
- Optifarm Solution Inc., Seonggeo-eup, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Charles D. Surh
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Byeong-Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Designed Animal Resource Center and Biotransplant Research Institute, Seoul National University Green-Bio Research Complex, Gangwon-do, Korea
- * E-mail: (AC); (B-CL)
| | - Curie Ahn
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Designed Animal Resource Center and Biotransplant Research Institute, Seoul National University Green-Bio Research Complex, Gangwon-do, Korea
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (AC); (B-CL)
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16
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Park SJ, Shin S, Koo OJ, Moon JH, Jang G, Ahn C, Lee BC, Yoo YJ. Functional improvement of porcine neonatal pancreatic cell clusters via conformal encapsulation using an air-driven encapsulator. Exp Mol Med 2012; 44:20-5. [PMID: 22020445 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2012.44.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of islet cells into diabetic patients is a promising therapy, provided that the islet cells are able to evade host immune rejection. With improved islet viability, this strategy may effectively reverse diabetes. We applied 2% calcium alginate to generate small and large capsules to encapsulate porcine neonatal pancreatic cell clusters (NPCCs) using an air-driven encapsulator. After encapsulation, the viability was assessed at 1, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days and secretion of functional insulin in response to glucose stimulation were tested at days 14 and 28. Selective permeability of the small alginate capsules was confirmed using various sizes of isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (FITC-dextran). Encapsulation of NPCCs was performed without islet protrusion in the small and large capsules. The viability of NPCCs in all experimental groups was greater than 90% at day 1 and then gradually decreased after day 7. The NPCCs encapsulated in large capsules showed significantly lower viability (79.50 ± 2.88%) than that of naïve NPCCs and NPCCs in small capsule (86.83 ± 2.32%, 87.67 ± 2.07%, respectively) at day 7. The viability of naïve NPCCs decreased rapidly at day 14 (75.67 ± 1.75%), whereas the NPCCs encapsulated in small capsules maintained (82.0 ± 2.19%). After 14 and 28 days NPCCs' function in small capsules (2.67 ± 0.09 and 2.13 ± 0.09) was conserved better compared to that of naïve NPCCs (2.04 ± 0.25 and 1.53 ± 0.32, respectively) and NPCCs in large capsules (2.04 ± 0.34 and 1.13 ± 0.10, respectively), as assessed by a stimulation index. The small capsules also demonstrated selective permeability. With this encapsulation technique, small capsules improved the viability and insulin secretion of NPCCs without islet protrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Ji Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Hong SG, Koo OJ, Oh HJ, Park JE, Kim M, Kim GA, Park EJ, Jang G, Lee BC. Post-mortem re-cloning of a transgenic red fluorescent protein dog. J Vet Sci 2011; 12:405-7. [PMID: 22122908 PMCID: PMC3232402 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2011.12.4.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the world's first transgenic dogs were produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer. However, cellular senescence is a major limiting factor for producing more advanced transgenic dogs. To overcome this obstacle, we rejuvenated transgenic cells using a re-cloning technique. Fibroblasts from post-mortem red fluorescent protein (RFP) dog were reconstructed with in vivo matured oocytes and transferred into 10 surrogate dogs. One puppy was produced and confirmed as a re-cloned dog. Although the puppy was lost during birth, we successfully established a rejuvenated fibroblast cell line from this animal. The cell line was found to stably express RFP and is ready for additional genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Gun Hong
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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18
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Hong SG, Oh HJ, Park JE, Kim MJ, Kim GA, Park EJ, Koo OJ, Kang SK, Jang G, Lee BC. Production of offspring from cloned transgenic RFP female dogs and stable generational transmission of the RFP gene. Genesis 2011; 49:835-40. [PMID: 21630416 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the reproductive ability of transgenic female dogs born bysomatic cell nuclear transfer and to determine inheritance of the red fluorescent protein (RFP) transgene. The four founder transgenic bitches (F0) reached puberty at 340.8 ± 39.6 days after birth and were bred with wild-type male dogs by natural mating or by artificial insemination. The bitches all became pregnant and successfully delivered 13 puppies (F1), of which two females were bred with wild-type dogs to deliver 7 offspring (F2), including 1 stillbirth. Among the 19 live offspring, 10 puppies showed emission of RFP under UV light and the presence of the RFP transgene was confirmed by genomic PCR and Southern blot analyses. In conclusion, transgenic RFP female dogs exhibited normal reproductive ability and expression of the transgene was demonstrated in F1 and F2 generations.
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Choresca CH, Koo OJ, Hong SG, Oh HJ, Gomez DK, Kim JH, Lee BC, Park SC. Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on cell cycle synchronization of goldfish caudal fin derived fibroblasts cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 45:e73-7. [PMID: 19788515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have previously been conducted regarding cell cycle synchronization in mammalian somatic cells. However, limited work has been performed on the control of cell cycle stages in the somatic cells of fish. The aim of this study was to determine the cell cycle arresting effects of several dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) concentrations for different times on different cell cycle stages of goldfish caudal fin-derived fibroblasts. Results demonstrated that the cycling cells or control group (68.29%) yields significantly higher (p < 0.05) arrest in G0/G1 phase compared with the group treated for 24 h with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0% or 1.5%) of DMSO (64.88%, 65.70%, 64.22% respectively). The cell cycle synchronization in the treatment of cells with 1.0% DMSO at 48 h (81.14%) was significantly higher than that in the groups treated for 24 h (76.82%) and the control group (77.90%). Observations showed that treatment of DMSO resulted in an increase in the proportion of cells at G0/G1 phase for 48 h of culture. However, high levels of apoptotic cells can be detected after 48 h of culture treated with 1% concentration of DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Choresca
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Koo OJ, Kang JT, Kwon DK, Park HJ, Lee BC. Influence of ovulation status, seasonality and embryo transfer method on development of cloned porcine embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 45:773-8. [PMID: 19281594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To improve pig cloning efficiency, the present study evaluated the effect of ovulation status, seasonality and embryo transfer (ET) method on in vivo development of cloned porcine embryos. Cloned embryos were transferred to surrogate mothers on the same day of somatic cell nuclear transfer. In pre-ovulation stage (PO), pregnancy rate (PR) and delivery rate (DR) were 36.3% and 9.4%, respectively. In post-ovulation stage, 22.7% PR and 2.1% DR were recorded (both PR and DR are significantly higher in PO). When ET was performed during winter (December-February), spring (March-May), summer (June-August) and autumn (September-November), the PRs were 13.4%, 37.3%, 24.6% and 51.0%, while DRs were 0%, 12.7%, 4.3% and 7.8%, respectively. The highest PRs were recorded in autumn groups. However, DRs were significantly lower in autumn (7.8%) group compared with spring (12.7%) group. The PR was the lowest and no piglets were born in winter group, which might be because of the effect of low temperature during ET. To overcome the low PR in winter group, 0.25 ml straws were used for ET to minimize exposure time of embryos to ambient temperature. The straw ET group showed significantly higher PR in the winter group (23. 9%) compared with the conventional catheter-loading group (7.7%). We suggest that using PO recipient and ET in spring is the best condition for pig cloning. In addition, alternative method to reduce cold shock during ET in winter is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Koo
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Cho B, Koo OJ, Hwang JI, Kim H, Lee EM, Hurh S, Park SJ, Ro H, Yang J, Surh CD, d'Apice AJ, Lee BC, Ahn C. Generation of Soluble Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Receptor 1-Fc Transgenic Pig. Transplantation 2011; 92:139-47. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3182215e7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Kwon DK, Koo OJ, Park SJ, Kang JT, Park HJ, Kim SJ, Moon JH, Saadeldin IM, Jang G, Lee BC. Optimizing Porcine Oocytes Electrical Activation by Adjusting Pre- and Post-Activation Mannitol Exposure Time. Biol Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/85.s1.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Saadeldin IM, Koo OJ, Kang JT, Kwon DK, Park S, Kim SJ, Moon JH, Oh HJ, Jang G, Lee BC. Kisspeptin Enhances Porcine Oocyte In Vitro Maturation but May Adversely Affect Early Embryonic Development. Biol Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/85.s1.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Synchronization of the donor cell cycle is an important factor for successful animal cloning by nuclear transfer. To improve the efficiency of porcine cloning, in the present report, we evaluated effects of contact inhibition, serum starvation and roscovitine treatment of donor cells on in vitro and in vivo developmental potency of cloned porcine embryos. Fibroblasts derived from a porcine foetus at day 30 of gestation were isolated and cultured to 70% confluency. Then, cells were either cultured to 100% confluency for contact inhibition, or cultured in 0.5% serum for 72 h for serum starvation or with 15 μM roscovitine for 24 h. Cells were most effectively synchronized at G0/G1 in the serum starvation group (87.5%) compared with the contact inhibition and roscovitine treatment groups (76.3% and 79.9% respectively p < 0.05). However, after somatic cell nuclear transfer followed by in vitro culture, the serum starvation group showed a significantly lower blastocyst formation rate (5.6%) compared with the contact inhibition and roscovitine treatment groups (11.6% and 20.0% respectively). Differential expression of apoptosis-related genes and the level of apoptosis in each treatment group explain the variation in developmental competence among the groups. Significantly higher level of apoptosis was observed in the serum starvation group. On the other hand, the roscovitine treatment group shows the lowest level of apoptosis and the best in vitro development among the groups. Cloned embryos derived from roscovitine-treated donor cells were transferred to surrogate pigs. Three healthy live piglets were produced. In conclusion, we suggest that roscovitine treatment of donor cells improves development of cloned porcine embryos and can raise the efficiency of cloned piglet production.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Atikuzzaman M, Koo OJ, Kang JT, Kwon DK, Park SJ, Kim SJ, Gomez MNL, Oh HJ, Hong SG, Jang G, Lee BC. The 9-cis retinoic acid signaling pathway and its regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 during in vitro maturation of pig cumulus cell-oocyte complexes and effects on parthenogenetic embryo production. Biol Reprod 2011; 84:1272-81. [PMID: 21368300 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.086595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of 9-cis retinoic acid to the oocyte maturation culture medium has a beneficial effect on in vitro fertilized embryos. However, the mechanism of this activity is not known. Therefore, this study was done to elucidate the effect of 9-cis retinoic acid on parthenogenetic embryo production and its signaling pathway and molecular function during in vitro maturation of porcine cumulus cell-oocyte complexes (COCs). Concentrations of 0, 5, 50, and 500 nM 9-cis retinoic acid were added to the in vitro maturation medium, and the embryos were assessed after parthenogenetic activation. Cumulus cells and oocytes from the in vitro matured COCs were separated and subjected to RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR for detecting retinoic acid receptors and measuring expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase1 and 2. The addition of 5 nM 9-cis retinoic acid to the maturation medium was beneficial for parthenogenetic embryo production. The effect of 9-cis retinoic acid was exerted directly through the oocytes via the retinoic acid receptor alpha and retinoid X receptor gamma signaling pathways and indirectly through the cumulus cells by the retinoic acid receptor beta and gamma and retinoid X receptor alpha and beta signaling pathways. The addition of 5 nM 9-cis retinoic acid-stimulated cumulus cells reaches full expansion by suppressing their excessive expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2. This study shows that 9-cis retinoic acid can exert its beneficial effect on parthenogenetic embryo production in pigs by multidimensional pathways affecting oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Atikuzzaman
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
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Kim MJ, Oh HJ, Park JE, Hong SG, Kang JT, Koo OJ, Kang SK, Jang G, Lee BC. Influence of oocyte donor and embryo recipient conditions on cloning efficiency in dogs. Theriogenology 2010; 74:473-8. [PMID: 20452009 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To determine factors that affect the efficiency of dog cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer, the present study was performed to investigate 1) the effects of surgical history (non-operated/operated) and parity (nullipara/multipara) on the recovery of in vivo canine oocytes; 2) the effects of surgical history and parity of recipients on the pregnancy and delivery; and 3) the effects of synchronization state (AA, advanced asynchrony; SY, synchrony; RA, retarded asynchrony) between oocytes donor and recipient on the pregnancy and delivery. Oocyte recovery rate was significantly higher in non-operated dogs compared to operated dogs (93.8 vs. 89.6%, P < 0.05) and not different between nulliparous dogs and multiparous dogs. Delivery rate was also significantly higher in non-operated dogs compared to operated dogs (2.8 vs. 1.0%, P < 0.05) and in nulliparous dogs than multiparous dogs (3.0 vs. 1.7%, P < 0.05). Even though SY showed increased pregnancy and delivery rate (20.0% and 3.0%) compared to AA (15.0% and 2.0%) and RA (0.0% and 0.0%), there was no significant difference. In conclusion, we recommend non-operated dogs as experimental dogs and nulliparous dogs as recipient dogs to increase delivery rate after transfer of somatic cell nuclear transferred embryos, but further study is needed to find out appropriate synchrony status at the transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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Hong SG, Kim MK, Oh HJ, Park J, Kang JT, Koo OJ, Kim T, Ko J, Jang G, Lee BC. Transgene Expression of Red Fluorescent Protein in Cloned Dogs and Their Offspring. Biol Reprod 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/81.s1.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Park S, Koo OJ, Kwon D, Limas MNG, Kang JT, Mohammad A, Kim SJ, Jang G, Lee BC. Optimization of Artificial Activation in Porcine Embryos Using Short-Term Treatment of 6-DMAP and Demecolcine. Biol Reprod 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/81.s1.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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29
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Hong SG, Kim MK, Jang G, Oh HJ, Park JE, Kang JT, Koo OJ, Kim T, Kwon MS, Koo BC, Ra JC, Kim DY, Ko C, Lee BC. Generation of red fluorescent protein transgenic dogs. Genesis 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hong SG, Kim MK, Jang G, Oh HJ, Park JE, Kang JT, Koo OJ, Kim T, Kwon MS, Koo BC, Ra JC, Kim DY, Ko C, Lee BC. Generation of red fluorescent protein transgenic dogs. Genesis 2009; 47:314-22. [PMID: 19358155 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dogs (Canis familiaris) share many common genetic diseases with humans and development of disease models using a transgenic approach has long been awaited. However, due to the technical difficulty in obtaining fertilizable eggs and the unavailability of embryonic stem cells, no transgenic dog has been generated. Canine fetal fibroblasts were stably transfected with a red fluorescent protein (RFP) gene-expressing construct using retrovirus gene delivery method. Somatic cell nuclear transfer was then employed to replace the nucleus of an oocyte with the nucleus of the RFP-fibroblasts. Using this approach, we produced the first generation of transgenic dogs with four female and two male expressing RFP.
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Hong SG, Jang G, Kim MK, Oh HJ, Park JE, Kang JT, Koo OJ, Kim DY, Lee BC. Dogs cloned from fetal fibroblasts by nuclear transfer. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 115:334-9. [PMID: 19135320 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fetal fibroblasts have been considered as the prime candidate donor cells for the canine reproductive cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in regard to the future production of transgenic dogs, mainly due to their higher developmental competence and handling advantage in gene targeting. In this study, the cloning efficiency with canine fetal fibroblasts as donor cells was determined. A total of 50 presumptive cloned embryos were reconstructed, activated and transferred into the oviducts of naturally synchronous recipient bitches. While the fusion rate (76.9%) was similar to those of our earlier studies with adult fibroblasts as donor cells (73.9-77.1%), a high cloning efficiency (4.0%; 2 births/50 embryos transferred) was found compared to the previous success rate with adult fibroblasts (0.2-1.8%). The cloned beagles were healthy and genotypically identical to the donor fibroblast cells. This study shows that a fetal fibroblast cell would be an excellent donor for future production of transgenic dogs via gene targeting in this cell followed cloning using SCNT technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Gun Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Choresca CH, Koo OJ, Oh HJ, Hong SG, Gomez DK, Kim JH, Lee BC, Park SC. Different culture conditions used for arresting the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle in goldfish (Carassius auratus) caudal fin-derived fibroblasts. Cell Biol Int 2008; 33:65-70. [PMID: 18977451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2008.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important factors determining the success of the development of cloned embryos is the cell cycle stage of the donor cells. We investigated the effects of serum starvation, culturing to confluence and roscovitine treatment on the cell cycle synchronization of goldfish caudal fin-derived fibroblasts by flow cytometric analysis. The results show that culturing the cells to confluence (85.5%) and roscovitine treatment (82.71%) yield a significantly higher percentage of cells arrested in the G0/G1 (P<0.05) phase than serum starvation (62.85%). Different concentrations of roscovitine (5, 10, or 15 microM) induce cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casiano H Choresca
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Park HJ, Koo OJ, Kwon DK, Kang JT, Kang SK, Lee BC. The Effect of Treatment of Donor Cells with Roscovitine on In Vitro and In Vivo Development of Porcine Cloned Embryos. Biol Reprod 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/78.s1.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Koo OJ, Lee HJ, Kwon DK, Park HJ, Kang JT, Shin HS, Kim DY, Paik NW, Rho HM, Lee BC. Production of Transgenic Pig Expressing Human Decay-Accelerating Factor and Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-Cd4 Fused Protein by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Biol Reprod 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/78.s1.225d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kwon DK, Hong SG, Park JE, Park HJ, Kang JT, Koo OJ, Lee BC. Establishment of Bovine Embryonic Stem-Like Cells from Cloned Bovine Blastocyst. Biol Reprod 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/78.s1.229b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Koo OJ, Bhandari DP, Kang SK, Ryu PD, Lee BC. INFLUENCE OF OVULATION STATUS, SEASONALITY AND EMBRYO TRANSFER METHOD ON IN VIVO DEVELOPMENT OF CLONED PORCINE EMBRYOS. Biol Reprod 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/77.s1.176b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hossein MS, Kim YW, Park SM, Koo OJ, Hashem MA, Bhandari DP, Jeong YW, Kim S, Kim JH, Lee EG, Park SW, Kang SK, Lee BC, Hwang WS. Antioxidant Favors the Developmental Competence of Porcine Parthenogenotes by Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2007.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lee E, Lee SH, Kim S, Jeong YW, Kim JH, Koo OJ, Park SM, Hashem MA, Hossein MS, Son HY, Lee CK, Hwang WS, Kang SK, Lee BC. Analysis of nuclear reprogramming in cloned miniature pig embryos by expression of Oct-4 and Oct-4 related genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 348:1419-28. [PMID: 16920069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation is a rapidly expanding field of research and cloned miniature pigs have been considered as a model animal for it. However, the efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is extremely low, with most clones resulting in early lethality and several kinds of aberrant development. A possible explanation for the developmental failure of SCNT embryos is insufficient reprogramming of the somatic cell nucleus by the oocyte. In order to test this, we analyzed the reprogramming capacity of differentiated fibroblast cell nuclei and embryonic germ cell nuclei with Oct-4 and Oct-4 related genes (Ndp5211, Dppa2, Dppa3, and Dppa5), which are important for embryonic development, Hand1 and GATA-4, which are important for placental development, as molecular markers using RT-PCR. The Oct-4 expression level was significantly lower (P<0.05) in cloned hatched blastocysts derived from fibroblasts and many of fibroblast-derived clones failed to reactivate at least one of the tested genes, while most of the germ cell clones and control embryos correctly expressed these genes. In conclusion, our results suggest that the reprogramming of fibroblast-derived cloned embryos is highly aberrant and this improper reprogramming could be one reason of the early lethality and post-implantation anomalies of somatic cell-derived clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugine Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnololgy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Kim S, Lee SH, Kim JH, Jeong YW, Hashem MA, Koo OJ, Park SM, Lee EG, Hossein MS, Kang SK, Lee BC, Hwang WS. Anti-apoptotic effect of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and its receptor in porcine preimplantation embryos derived from in vitro fertilization and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Mol Reprod Dev 2006; 73:1523-30. [PMID: 16894543 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I is a receptor-mediated autocrine and/or paracrine growth and/or survival factor for mammalian embryo development. It is known to promote the growth and development of mouse preimplantation embryos. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of IGF-I (50 ng/ml), anti-IGF-I receptor antibody (50 ng/ml) and their combination on porcine preimplantation embryo development. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying the embryotropic effects of IGF-I was evaluated by monitoring the incidence of apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-related genes. In both in vitro fertilized (IVF) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos, culturing with IGF-I increased the rate of blastocyst formation and this embryotrophic effect was neutralized by culturing with IGF-I along with anti-IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) antibody. Culturing IVF and SCNT embryos with IGF-I significantly increased the number of total cells in blastocysts and decreased the number of apoptotic nuclei. These effects of IGF-I were also neutralized by culturing with IGF-I along with anti-IGF-IR antibody. Expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene was increased, while expression of the pro-apoptotic Bax was decreased in both IVF and SCNT embryos cultured with IGF-I. In both IVF and SCNT embryos, anti-IGF-IR antibody along with IGF-I neutralized the effect of IGF-I on expression of Bcl-2 and Bax genes. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that IGF-I through its specific receptors improved the developmental competence of IVF and SCNT embryos by decreasing the incidence of apoptosis and regulating apoptosis-related genes in porcine preimplantation embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Hossein MS, Hashem MA, Jeong YW, Lee MS, Kim S, Kim JH, Koo OJ, Park SM, Lee EG, Park SW, Kang SK, Lee BC, Hwang WS. Temporal effects of alpha-tocopherol and L-ascorbic acid on in vitro fertilized porcine embryo development. Anim Reprod Sci 2006; 100:107-17. [PMID: 16860500 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Revised: 06/17/2006] [Accepted: 06/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of embryos to reactive oxygen species (ROS) varies in different stages of embryo development. The present study evaluated temporal effects of alpha-tocopherol and L-ascorbic acid on the porcine embryo development, and investigated whether a single or twice supplements of these two antioxidants at a divided concentrations favors the embryo development. In order to determine temporal effects of alpha-tocopherol and/or L-ascorbic acid, 100 microM alpha-tocopherol or 200 microM L-ascorbic acid were supplemented to the North Carolina State University (NCSU)-23 embryo culture media at 0, 48, 96 and 120 h of culture. In another set of experiments, the concentration was divided into two equal halves, i.e., 50 microM alpha-tocopherol and 100 microM L-ascorbic acid, and supplemented twice at 0 and 48, 0 and 96, or 48 and 96 h of culture. Supplementing culture media with 100 microM alpha-tocopherol for the entire culture period of 168 h or starting from the 48 h of culture yielded higher blastocyst percentage compared with the control or starting from the 96 or 120 h of culture. L-Ascorbic acid (200 microM) alone or together with alpha-tocopherol (100 microM) with a single supplement did not affect the frequency of blastocyst formation or number of cells in blastocyst. L-ascorbic acid with a divided supplements yielded higher blastocyst percentage compared with the control. No synergistic effect was observed on embryo development at a single supplement of these antioxidants. Although, at divided supplements higher blastocyst percentage was observed compared with control group, no further beneficial effect was observed compared with alpha-tocopherol or L-ascorbic acid alone. Our results demonstrated that the embryotrophic effects of alpha-tocopherol and/or L-ascorbic acid, in terms of frequency of blastocyst formation and number of cells in blastocyst, depends on the concentration and supplementation timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shamim Hossein
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 56-1 Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Kim JH, Lee SH, Kim S, Jeong YW, Koo OJ, Hashem MDA, Park SM, Lee EG, Hossein MS, Kang SK, Lee BC, Hwang WS. Embryotrophic effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and hemoglobin on in vitro porcine embryos development. Theriogenology 2006; 66:449-55. [PMID: 16472851 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Revised: 12/15/2005] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the embryotrophic effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and hemoglobin (Hb) on porcine preimplantation embryo development. Porcine embryos produced by in vitro maturation/fertilization were cultured for 6 days in modified North Carolina State University-23 medium (mNCSU-23) supplemented with EDTA and/or Hb. In Exp. 1, culturing porcine zygotes with 100 microM EDTA significantly increased cleavage frequencies (85.3%) at 48 h post insemination and the number of inner cell mass (ICM) (9.6+/-5.5) compared to the control (7.0+/-2.8). However, 100 microM EDTA did not improve blastocyst formation compared to 0, 1 or 10 microM EDTA. In Exp. 2, in vitro fertilized oocytes were cultured with 0, 1 or 10 microg/ml Hb. Culturing with Hb did not promote porcine embryo development, but significantly increased the cell numbers of blastocysts in 1 microg/ml Hb compared to 0 or 10 microg/ml Hb. In Exp. 3, culturing embryos with 100 microM EDTA+1 microg/ml Hb significantly improved frequencies of cleavage, blastocyst formation, and total cell numbers in blastocysts compared to the control. Moreover, 100 microM EDTA, 1 microg/ml Hb and their combination reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and decreased the incidence of apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study clearly demonstrated that the combining treatment of EDTA and Hb improved IVF porcine embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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