1
|
Liu J, Liu F, Liang T, Zhou Y, Su X, Li X, Zeng J, Qu P, Wang Y, Chen F, Lei Q, Li G, Cheng P. The roles of Th cells in myocardial infarction. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:287. [PMID: 38879568 PMCID: PMC11180143 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, is a serious condition caused by the abrupt stoppage of blood flow to a part of the heart, leading to tissue damage. A significant aspect of this condition is reperfusion injury, which occurs when blood flow is restored but exacerbates the damage. This review first addresses the role of the innate immune system, including neutrophils and macrophages, in the cascade of events leading to myocardial infarction and reperfusion injury. It then shifts focus to the critical involvement of CD4+ T helper cells in these processes. These cells, pivotal in regulating the immune response and tissue recovery, include various subpopulations such as Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, and Th22, each playing a unique role in the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction and reperfusion injury. These subpopulations contribute to the injury process through diverse mechanisms, with cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-4 influencing the balance between tissue repair and injury exacerbation. Understanding the interplay between the innate immune system and CD4+ T helper cells, along with their cytokines, is crucial for developing targeted therapies to mitigate myocardial infarction and reperfusion injury, ultimately improving outcomes for cardiac patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Feila Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Liang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohan Su
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Biological Targeting Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Academician (expert) workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiao Zeng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Biological Targeting Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Academician (expert) workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Peng Qu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Biological Targeting Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Academician (expert) workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Fuli Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Panke Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yamada M, Macedo C, Louis K, Shi T, Landsittel D, Nguyen C, Shinjoh M, Michaels MG, Feingold B, Mazariegos GV, Green M, Metes D. Distinct association between chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection and T cell compartments from pediatric heart, kidney, and liver transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:1145-1158. [PMID: 37187296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection after pediatric organ transplantation (Tx) accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. The risk of complications, such as posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders, in high viral load (HVL) carriers is the highest in heart Tx recipients. However, the immunologic signatures of such a risk have been insufficiently defined. Here, we assessed the phenotypic, functional, and transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood CD8+/CD4+ T cells, including EBV-specific T cells, in 77 pediatric heart, kidney, and liver Tx recipients and established the relationship between memory differentiation and progression toward exhaustion. Unlike kidney and liver HVL carriers, heart HVL carriers displayed distinct CD8+ T cells with (1) up-regulation of interleukin-21R, (2) decreased naive phenotype and altered memory differentiation, (3) accumulation of terminally exhausted (TEX PD-1+T-bet-Eomes+) and decrease of functional precursors of exhausted (TPEX PD-1intT-bet+) effector subsets, and (4) transcriptomic signatures supporting the phenotypic changes. In addition, CD4+ T cells from heart HVL carriers displayed similar changes in naive and memory subsets, elevated Th1 follicular helper cells, and plasma interleukin-21, suggesting an alternative inflammatory mechanism that governs T cell responses in heart Tx recipients. These results may explain the different incidences of EBV complications and may help improve the risk stratification and clinical management of different types of Tx recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yamada
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Camila Macedo
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Louis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Kidney Transplant Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tiange Shi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas Landsittel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indiana, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christina Nguyen
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Masayoshi Shinjoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marian G Michaels
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian Feingold
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - George V Mazariegos
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Green
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diana Metes
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mendoza Rojas A, Hesselink DA, van Besouw NM, Dieterich M, de Kuiper R, Baan CC, van Gelder T. High Tacrolimus Intrapatient Variability and Subtherapeutic Immunosuppression are Associated With Adverse Kidney Transplant Outcomes. Ther Drug Monit 2022; 44:369-376. [PMID: 35394988 PMCID: PMC9083489 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplant recipients with high intrapatient variability (IPV) in tacrolimus (Tac) exposure experience more rejection and reduced graft survival. To understand the underlying pathophysiology of this association, the authors investigated whether patients with high tacrolimus IPV have a more activated immune system than patients with low IPV. In addition, exposure to tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid (MPA) was studied in relation to rejection and graft survival. METHODS At the time of patient inclusion (5-7 years post-transplantation), the frequency of donor-reactive cells was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the development of donor-specific anti-Human Leukocyte Antigen antibodies (DSA) was measured by Luminex Single Antigen assay. Tacrolimus IPV was retrospectively calculated between 6 and 12 months and the exposure to tacrolimus and MPA was determined between 1 and 5 years post-transplantation. RESULTS A total of 371 kidney transplant recipients were included in this study, of whom 56 developed a rejection episode after 12 months and 60 experienced graft failure after 5-7 years. No correlations were found between tacrolimus IPV or immunosuppression exposure and the number of donor-reactive cells after 5 years of transplantation. DSA were detected more often in patients with low exposure to both tacrolimus and MMF [4/21 (19%) versus 17/350 (4.9%), P = 0.04]. In this cohort, neither tacrolimus IPV nor low overall immunosuppression exposure was associated with a higher incidence of rejection. However, regression analysis showed that a higher tacrolimus IPV was associated with an increased incidence of graft failure (odds ratio = 1.03, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This study verifies the relationship between high tacrolimus IPV and impaired kidney allograft survival in long-term follow-up. DSA was also found to be more prevalent in patients with subtherapeutic concentrations of tacrolimus and MPA. An increased prevalence of donor-specific alloreactivity is yet to be demonstrated in patients with high IPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleixandra Mendoza Rojas
- Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Dennis A. Hesselink
- Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Nicole M. van Besouw
- Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Marjolein Dieterich
- Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Ronella de Kuiper
- Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Carla C. Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Teun van Gelder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang J, Xia S, Ren H, Shi X. The role and function of CD4+ T cells in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 16:5-11. [PMID: 34931553 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2020642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a severe complication frequently encountered in liver surgery, seriously affecting the therapeutic effects, tissue function. Various immune cells are involved in hepatic IRI, including macrophages, NKT cells, DCs, CD4 + T cells, and CD8 + T cells, among which CD4 + T cells play a critical role in this process. This article aims to summarize the functions and changes in various CD4 + T cell type counts and related cytokine levels in hepatic IRI and to review the possible mechanisms of mutual conversion between T cell types. AREAS COVERED We have covered the functions and changes that occur in Th1, Th17, and Treg cells in liver IRI, as well as the pathways and factors associated with them. We also discuss the prospects of clinical application and future directions for therapeutic advances. EXPERT OPINION This section explores the current clinical trials involving CD4 + T cells, especially Tregs, explains the limitations of their application, and summarizes the future development trends of cell engineering and their combination with the CAT technology. We also provide new ideas and therapeutic targets for alleviating liver IRI or other liver inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Hepatobiliary Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Senzhe Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Hepatobiliary Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haozhen Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Hepatobiliary Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Hepatobiliary Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
MicroRNA-30b Is Both Necessary and Sufficient for Interleukin-21 Receptor-Mediated Angiogenesis in Experimental Peripheral Arterial Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010271. [PMID: 35008699 PMCID: PMC8745227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-21 receptor (IL-21R) can be upregulated in endothelial cells (EC) from ischemic muscles in mice following hind-limb ischemia (HLI), an experimental peripheral arterial disease (PAD) model, blocking this ligand–receptor pathway-impaired STAT3 activation, angiogenesis, and perfusion recovery. We sought to identify mRNA and microRNA transcripts that were differentially regulated following HLI, based on the ischemic muscle having intact, or reduced, IL-21/IL21R signaling. In this comparison, 200 mRNAs were differentially expressed but only six microRNA (miR)/miR clusters (and among these only miR-30b) were upregulated in EC isolated from ischemic muscle. Next, myoglobin-overexpressing transgenic (MgTG) C57BL/6 mice examined following HLI and IL-21 overexpression displayed greater angiogenesis, better perfusion recovery, and less tissue necrosis, with increased miR-30b expression. In EC cultured under hypoxia serum starvation, knock-down of miR-30b reduced, while overexpression of miR-30b increased IL-21-mediated EC survival and angiogenesis. In Il21r−/− mice following HLI, miR-30b overexpression vs. control improved perfusion recovery, with a reduction of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, a miR-30b target and negative regulator of STAT3. Together, miR-30b appears both necessary and sufficient for IL21/IL-21R-mediated angiogenesis and may present a new therapeutic option to treat PAD if the IL21R is not available for activation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Pre-transplant donor-reactive IL-21 producing T cells as a tool to identify an increased risk for acute rejection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12445. [PMID: 34127739 PMCID: PMC8203783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91967-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-transplant screening focuses on the detection of anti-HLA alloantibodies. Previous studies have shown that IFN-γ and IL-21 producing T cells are associated with the development of acute rejection (AR). The aim of this study, was to assess whether pre-transplant donor-reactive T cells and/or B cells are associated with increased rejection risk. Samples from 114 kidney transplant recipients (transplanted between 2010 and 2013) were obtained pre-transplantation. The number of donor-reactive IFN-γ and IL-21 producing cells was analyzed by ELISPOT assay. The presence of donor specific antibodies (DSA) was also determined before transplantation. Numbers of donor-reactive IFN-γ producing cells were similar in patients with or without AR whereas those of IL-21 producing cells were higher in patients with AR (p = 0.03). Significantly more patients with AR [6/30(20%)] had detectable DSA compared to patients without AR [5/84(5.9%), p = 0.03]. Multivariate logistic regression showed that donor age (OR 1.06), pre-transplant DSA (OR 5.61) and positive IL-21 ELISPOT assay (OR 2.77) were independent predictors of an increased risk for the development of AR. Aside from an advanced donor-age and pre-transplant DSA, also pre-transplant donor-reactive IL-21 producing cells are associated with the development of AR after transplantation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Donor-specific ELISPOT assay for predicting acute rejection and allograft function after kidney transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Biochem 2021; 94:1-11. [PMID: 33882287 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute rejection remains an important problem after kidney transplantation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay has been investigated extensively and has shown promising results as a predictor of allograft rejection. The objective of this study was to systematically review and analyze the predictive value of the donor-specific ELISPOT assay to identify recipients at risk for acute rejection. Electronic databases were searched for studies reporting donor-specific ELISPOT and kidney transplantation outcomes. Odds ratio (OR) for acute rejection was calculated, along with standardized mean difference (SMD) of cytokine producing-cells between recipients with and without acute rejection. Pooled estimates were calculated using random-effect models. The positive ELISPOT cutoff frequencies were extracted from each study. From 665 articles found, 32 studies were included in the meta-analysis. IFN-γ was the most investigated cytokine (30 out of 32 studies). Patients with positive pre-transplantation donor-reactive IFN-γ ELISPOT had an OR of 3.3 for acute rejection (95%-CI 2.1 to 5.1), and OR of 6.8 (95%-CI 2.5 to 18.9) for post-transplantation ELISPOT. Recipients with rejection had significantly higher frequencies of pre- and post-transplantation cytokine producing-cells (SMD 0.47, 95%-CI 0.07 to 0.87 and SMD 3.68, 95%-CI 1.04 to 6.32, respectively). Pre-transplantation ELISPOT had a positive predictive value of 43% and a negative predictive value of 81% for acute rejection. A positive ELISPOT result was associated with a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (SMD -0.59, 95%-CI -0.83 to -0.34). In conclusion, patients with a high frequency of donor-reactive IFN-γ ELISPOT are at higher risk for acute rejection. The donor-specific IFN-γ ELISPOT assay can serve as an immune-monitoring tool in kidney transplantation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tang T, Xu T, Liu X, Yang T, Zhang L, Yang Z. Roles of BATF/JUN/IRF4 complex in tacrolimus mediated immunosuppression on Tfh cells in acute rejection after liver transplantation. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1776-1786. [PMID: 32749698 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Rejection injury is a serious complication after liver transplantation (LTx). Tacrolimus (Tac) is a key immunosuppressive agent in the prevention of liver rejection after transplantation. The basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor (BATF)/JUN/interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) complex serves critical functions in the immune response. This study aimed to explore the role of the BATF/JUN/IRF4 complex in rejection after LTx by treatment with Tac. Herein, DA and Lewis (LEW) rats were used to construct the LTx animal model. The recipient LEW rats were treated with Tac or saline, subcutaneously. Splenic mononuclear cells were treated with Tac at 1 and 10 nM after stimulation with interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the expression of factors associated with the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-BATF/JUN/IRF4 and IL-21 were detected. The results demonstrated that Tac prolonged the allografts survival and attenuated inflammation injury, and decreased the percentage frequencies of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and inhibited B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6) and IL-6 expression in Tfh cells. In addition, Tac inhibited the expression of the BATF/JUN/IRF4 complex, Bcl-6 and IL-21 NFATc1 and NFATc2 were inhibited by Tac, and interacted with the promoter of BATF and IRF4. In conclusion, the attenuation of rejection injury may be dependent on the NFAT-BATF/JUN/IRF4-IL-21 axis, and the BATF/JUN/IRF4 complex participates in the inhibition of IL-21-producing Tfh cells after treatment with Tac. These findings suggest that the BATF/JUN/IRF4 complex-IL-21 axis may be used as a potential target for attenuating rejection injury after LTx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengqian Tang
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangde Liu
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tongkun Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Basic Medical College of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Leida Zhang
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhanyu Yang
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Effects of an IL-21 Receptor Antagonist on the Alloimmune Response in a Humanized Mouse Skin Transplant Model. Transplantation 2020; 103:2065-2074. [PMID: 31343579 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is involved in regulating the expansion and effector function of a broad range of leukocytes, including T cells and B cells. In transplantation, the exact role of IL-21 in the process of allograft rejection is unknown. To further explore this, the aim of this study is to test the effect of an IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) blocking antibody on the early phase of allograft rejection in a humanized skin transplantation model in mice reconstituted with human T and B cells. METHODS Immunodeficient Balb/c IL2rγRag2 mice were transplanted with human skin followed by adoptive transfer of human allogeneic splenocytes. Control animals were treated with a phosphate buffered saline vehicle while the other group was treated with a humanized anti-IL-21R antibody (αIL-21R). RESULTS In the phosphate buffered saline-treated animals, human skin allografts were infiltrated with lymphocytes and developed a thickened epidermis with increased expression of the inflammatory markers Keratin 17 (Ker17) and Ki67. In mice treated with αIL-21R, these signs of allograft reactivity were significantly reduced. Concordantly, STAT3 phosphorylation was inhibited in this group. Of note, treatment with αIL-21R attenuated the process of T and B cell reconstitution after adoptive cellular transfer. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that blockade of IL-21 signaling can delay allograft rejection in a humanized skin transplantation model.
Collapse
|
10
|
Differential gene analysis during the development of obliterative bronchiolitis in a murine orthotopic lung transplantation model: A comprehensive transcriptome-based analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232884. [PMID: 32384121 PMCID: PMC7209239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) is a known issue during minor histocompatibility antigen (mHA) disparity during lung transplantation. This study evaluated gene expression in a murine orthotropic lung transplantation model using microarray analysis. METHODS Left lungs from C57BL/10(H-2b) donor mice were transplanted into mHA-mismatched C57BL/6(H-2b) recipient mice. Three groups (OB, non-OB, and sham controls) were confirmed pathologically and analyzed. Gene expression changes in the lung grafts were determined by microarray and immunohistochemical staining, and genes were verified by quantitative PCR in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes (LNs). RESULTS A total of 1343 genes were upregulated in the OB lungs compared to the sham group. Significant upregulation was observed for genes related to innate, e.g. Tlr2 and CCL3 and adaptive immunity, e.g. H2-ab1 and Il-21. Positive labeling for MHC class II antigen was observed in the bronchial epithelium of OB accompanied with B cells. We found increased Tlr2, Ccl3, H2-ab1, Il-21, Ighg3, Ifng, and Pdcd1 mRNA expression in the OB lung, and increased Il-21, Ighg3, and Pdcd1 expression in the OB LNs. CONCLUSIONS Adaptive and innate immune reactions were involved in OB after lung transplantation, and genetic examination of related genes could be used for detection of OB.
Collapse
|
11
|
Khattar M, Baum CE, Schroder P, Breidenbach JD, Haller ST, Chen W, Stepkowski S. Interleukin 21 (IL-21) regulates chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) in murine heart allograft rejection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225624. [PMID: 31756235 PMCID: PMC6874341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-21 is the most recently discovered common gamma-chain cytokine that promotes persistent T-cell responses in chronic infections, autoimmunity and cancer. However, the therapeutic potential of inhibiting the IL-21-BATF signaling axis, particularly in transplant rejection, remains unclear. We used heart transplant models to examine the effects of IL-21 blockade in prevention of chronic cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) using genetic knock-out and therapeutic approaches. Both wild-type C57BL/6 and IL-21-/- strains acutely rejected Balb/c skin grafts and once immunized with this skin graft, rejected Balb/c heart allografts in an accelerated fashion. However, when transplanted with heart grafts from the class-II major histocompatibility complex mutant, B6bm12 mice; wild-type recipients developed CAV, while IL-21-/- recipients were protected, even at day 100 post-transplant. Similarly, BATF-/- recipients, lacking the transcription factor BATF responsible for IL-21 production, did not develop CAV in B6-bm12 heart allografts. Strikingly, in a transient treatment protocol, the development of CAV in wild-type recipients of B6-bm12 hearts allografts was blocked by the administration of IL-21 receptor fusion protein (R-Fc). Thus, we demonstrate that CAV is regulated at least in part by IL-21 signaling and its blockade by genetic approaches or therapy with IL-21R-Fc prevents CAV in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Khattar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Caitlin E. Baum
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Paul Schroder
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Joshua D. Breidenbach
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Wenhao Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Stanislaw Stepkowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liver Perfusate Natural Killer Cells From Deceased Brain Donors and Association With Acute Cellular Rejection After Liver Transplantation: A Time-to-Rejection Analysis. Transplantation 2019; 103:371-380. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
13
|
Sá H, Leal R, Rosa MS. Renal transplant immunology in the last 20 years: A revolution towards graft and patient survival improvement. Int Rev Immunol 2016; 36:182-203. [PMID: 27682364 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2016.1225300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To deride the hope of progress is the ultimate fatuity, the last word in poverty of spirit and meanness of mind. There is no need to be dismayed by the fact that we cannot yet envisage a definitive solution of our problems, a resting-place beyond which we need not try to go. -P.B. Medawar, 1969 * Thomas E. Starlz, also known as the Father of Clinical Transplantation, once said that organ transplantation was the supreme exception to the rule that most major advances in medicine spring from discoveries in basic science [Starzl T. The mystique of organ transplantation. J Am Coll Surg 2005 Aug;201(2):160-170]. In fact, the first successful identical-twin kidney transplantation performed by Murray's team in December 1954 (Murray J et al. Renal homotransplantations in identical twins. Surg Forum 1955;6:432-436) was the example of an upside down translation medicine: Human clinical transplantation began and researchers tried to understand the underlying immune response and how to control the powerful rejection pathways through experimental models. In the last 20 years, we have witnessed an amazing progress in the knowledge of immunological mechanisms regarding alloimmune response and an outstanding evolution on the identification and characterization of major and minor histocompatibility antigens. This review presents an historical and clinical perspective of those important advances in kidney transplantation immunology in the last 20 years, which contributed to the improvement in patients' quality of life and the survival of end-stage renal patients. In spite of these significant progresses, some areas still need substantial progress, such as the definition of non-invasive biomarkers for acute rejection; the continuous reduction of immunosuppression; the extension of graft survival, and finally the achievement of real graft tolerance extended to HLA mismatch donor: recipient pairs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Sá
- a Department of Nephrology , Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,b Faculty of Medicine , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,c Immunology Center, Faculty of Medicine , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Rita Leal
- a Department of Nephrology , Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|